Тема по английскому языку "Belarusian cuisine". Драники на английском языке Национальная кухня беларуси на английском

Сочинение на английском языке Белорусская еда/ Belarusian Food с переводом на русский язык

На английском языке. Belarusian Food
Belarusian cuisine is considered to be one of the most diverse cuisines in Europe. It has been largely influenced by Baltic, Slavic and even partially German cuisines. Traditional dishes of this country mainly consist of vegetables, meats and breads. Today, visitors of Belarus can try peasant cuisine of the countryside as well as the sophisticated dishes for the nobility. A traditional peasant meal has included a soup and a main course. One of the most delicious Belarusian soups is called “khaladnik”. It’s a cold type of borscht, which is mainly eaten in summer. This beetroot soup is eaten with sour cream. Potato is the main ingredient of many dishes. It is known as the second bread of Belarusians. Perhaps, everyone has heard of “draniki”. These are thick pancakes made of shredded potatoes. Meat is also widely used in Belarusian cuisine, especially pork. One of the traditional holiday dishes is called “pyachysta”. It is a delicious stew made of large chunks of pork or beef. Slightly smoked salty pork with onions and garlic is also popular. Most meat dishes in this country are served with potatoes or other vegetables. Historically, Belarus has little access to any type of seafood however there are some special fish-based dishes. For example, “yushka” - a fish soup boiled without any seasonings. In general, seasonings are not very popular in Belarusian cuisine. The most famous hard drink in Belarus is “harelka”. It’s similar to Russian vodka, but can be flavored with birch sap or forest herbs. Other traditional Belarusian drinks include kvass, beer, myadukha, etc. Traditional desserts, that are famous far beyond the country, are sweet pancakes with cottage cheese.

Перевод на русский язык. Белорусская еда
Белорусская кухня считается одной из самых разнообразных кухонь в Европе. На нее в значительной степени повлияли балтийские, славянские и даже частично немецкие кухни. Традиционные блюда этой страны в основном состоят из овощей, мяса и хлеба. Сегодня посетители Беларуси могут попробовать как крестьянскую кухню сельской местности, так и изысканные блюда для дворянства. Традиционная крестьянская еда включала суп и основное блюдо. Один из самых вкусных белорусских супов называется «холодник». Это холодная разновидность борща, которую в основном едят летом. Этот свекольный суп едят со сметаной. Картофель является основным ингредиентом многих блюд. Он известен как второй хлеб белорусов. Возможно, каждый слышал о «драниках». Это оладьи из измельченного картофеля. Мясо также широко используется в белорусской кухне, особенно свинина. Одно из традиционных праздничных блюд называется «пячысты». Это аппетитное тушеное мясо, приготовленное из больших кусков свинины или говядины. Слегка копченая соленая свинина с луком и чесноком также популярна. Большинство мясных блюд в этой стране подаются с картофелем или другими овощами. Исторически сложилось так, что Беларусь имеет ограниченный доступ к любым морепродуктам, однако есть и специальные рыбные блюда. Например, «юшка» - уха, которую готовят без каких-либо приправ. В целом, приправы не очень приветствуются в белорусской кухне. Самый известный крепкий напиток в Беларуси - это «горилка». Она похожа на русскую водку, но может быть приправлена березовым соком или лесными травами. К другим традиционным белорусским напиткам относятся квас, пиво, мядуха и т.д. Традиционный десерт, который известен далеко за пределами страны, это сладкие блинчики с творогом.

Topic: Traditional Dishes of Russian Cuisine

Тема: Традиционные блюда русской кухни

Russia is the world’s largest country, so if differs greatly from region to region. The same can be said about Russian national cuisine, which is rather varied and based on different cultural and historic traditions. Usually any national cuisine is formed under the influence of two main factors: religion, which prescribes eating certain kinds of food, and climate, which determines availability of various vegetables, fruit, meat and fish products. Orthodoxy, which has traditionally been an official religion in Russia, doesn’t forbid any food. But long fasts prescribing abstinence from meat and other types of animal source food, explain why Russian cuisine includes many vegetarian dishes. And long severe Russian winters help to understand why hot fatty soups and broths are so popular in this country.

Россия – самая большая страна в мире, поэтому разные ее регионы сильно отличаются друг от друга. То же самое можно сказать и о русской национальной кухне, которая очень разнообразна и основана на разных культурных и исторических традициях. Обычно любая национальная кухня формируется под влиянием двух основных факторов: религии, которая предписывает употребление определенных видов пищи и климата, который определяет доступность различных видов овощей, фруктов, мясных и рыбных продуктов. Православие, которое традиционно являлось официальной религией в России, не запрещает никакую еду. Однако долгие посты, предписывающие воздержание от мяса и других продуктов животного происхождения, объясняют, почему русская кухня включает много вегетарианских блюд. А длинные, суровые русские зимы помогают понять, почему горячие, наваристые супы и бульоны так популярны в этой стране.

The most popular Russian soups, which are well-known all over the world, are borshch, shchi, and the cold summer soup okroshka. There are a lot of regional recipes for these dishes, but traditionally, both borshch and shchi are and are served hot with sour-cream and rye bread. Sometimes, for example, during a religious fast, meat can be substituted by fish or mushrooms. Borshch is always cooked with beet-root, which gives it a saturated red colour, and shchi must be based on fresh or sour cabbage. As for okroshka, it is mainly cooked in summer. It is a cold soup, where instead of meat broth kvass is used. It contains cold meat (usually beef), boiled potatoes, boiled eggs, cucumbers and green onion. All the ingredients are chopped and mixed. Okroshka is usually served with sour-cream, mustard and horseradish.

Самые популярные русские супы, которые хорошо известны во всем мире – это борщ, щи и холодный летний суп окрошка. Существует множество региональных рецептов этих блюд, но традиционно и борщ, и щи готовятся на крепком мясном или костном бульоне и подаются горячими со сметаной и ржаным хлебом. Иногда, например, во время религиозного поста, мясо может быть заменено рыбой или грибами. Борщ всегда готовится с добавлением свеклы, которая придает ему насыщенный красный цвет, а в основе щей должна быть свежая или квашеная капуста. Что касается окрошки, то она готовится, в основном, летом. Это холодный суп, где вместо мясного бульона используется квас. Она содержит холодное мясо (обычно говядину), отварной картофель, вареные яйца, огурцы и зеленый лук. Все ингредиенты мелко нарубаются и смешиваются. Окрошка обычно подается со сметаной, горчицей и хреном.

Pelmeni is one more famous Russian dish. Small balls from minced meat are wrapped into dough made of flour and eggs and then boiled in salted water usually with bay leaves. Pelmeni can be served with sour-cream, table vinegar or horseradish. The filling can be made of any sort of meat – pork, beef, lamb or chicken. a mixed minced meat, for example, pork and beef, or pork, beef and lamb. A vegetarian analogue of pelmeni is vareniki, which is more popular in Ukraine. Fillings for vareniki can be made of cottage cheese, mashed potatoes, mushrooms, berries and so on.

Пельмени – еще одно известное русское блюдо. Небольшие шарики из мясного фарша заворачиваются в пресное тесто из муки и яиц, а затем варятся в подсоленной воде, обычно с добавлением лаврового листа. Пельмени могут подаваться со сметаной, столовым уксусом или хреном. Начинку можно приготовить из любого сорта мяса – свинины, говядины, баранины или курицы. Однако самые лучшие пельмени содержат смешанный фарш, например, свинину и говядину или свинину, говядину и баранину. Вегетарианский аналог пельменей – это вареники, которые более популярны в Украине. Начинка для вареников может изготавливаться из творога, картофельного пюре, грибов, ягод и так далее.

The most popular Russian national salads are vinegret, Olivier salad (abroad it is sometimes called Russian salad), and “dressed herring”. Vinegret is a purely vegetarian salad, which is cooked from chopped boiled vegetables (beetroot, potatoes, carrots), fresh or sour cabbage, pickled cucumbers and onion. Olivier and herring salads are mayonnaise-based and rather substantial. The first one is cooked from boiled vegetables, eggs and boiled meat (which nowadays is often substituted with sausages), and the second one is a layered salad made of pickle herring, boiled potatoes, carrots, beetroots and eggs. Sometimes the herring salad also contains apples.

Самые популярные русские национальные салаты – это винегрет, оливье (за границей его часто называют «русским салатом») и «селедка под шубой». Винегрет – это чисто вегетарианский салат, который готовится из мелко порезанных вареных овощей (свекла, картофель, морковь), свежей или квашеной капусты, соленых огурцов и лука. Он заправляется растительным маслом. Оливье и «селедка» - майонезные и очень сытные салаты. Первый готовится из отварных овощей, яиц и отварного мяса (которое в наши дни часто заменяется колбасой), а второй представляет собой слоеный салат из соленой сельди, вареного картофеля, моркови, свеклы и яиц. Иногда селедочный салат также содержит яблоки.

Of course, as blini should not be left unmentioned. of cooking and filling, blini can serve as a dessert or an appetizer. Blini are made of batter, which is poured on a hot frying pan and fried. Blini can be cooked of wheat, rye, oat, or buckwheat flour. They are served with run butter, sour cream, caviar, vinegar pickled mushrooms, berries or jam. Traditionally, blini have been cooked during the Maslenitsa festival,

Belarusian national cuisine has evolved over the centuries. Belarusian culinary traditions represent a mix of simple recipes used by commoners and a sophisticated cuisine of the nobility, an extensive use of local ingredients and unusual way of cooking.
Old Belarusian recipes have preserved till nowadays, and interest in them amoung county’s visitors is increasing .

In restaurants with national colours you can taste not only Belarusian traditional cuisine but also exquisite dishes that were served up in residences of Belarusian magnates.
The local cuisine can be tasted in farmsteads where the cooking is often unique, common only in particular area with using only fresh farm products.
Here bread is baked according to old recipes and technologies, they cook homemade meat delicacies, cheese from cow or goat"s milk, and sweets from honey, apples and cranberries.
Today many traditional dishes are also popular in home cooking of Belarusians.
The most popular are pork stew (machanka) and vereshchaka, homemade sausages, draniki (thick potato pancakes), kolduny, kletski (dumplings), babka (baked grated potato pie), cold sorrel soup, mushroom soup...

Old Belarusian Cuisine

Belarusian cuisine was formed under the influence of two main factors:

active farming and extensive use of local produce;
influences of neighboring countries and migrant settlers

Since the times of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania the national culinary traditions have been interlaced with Baltic, Slavic, Jewish and partly German cuisines.
Therefore, Belarusian cuisine is one of the most diverse on the continent. It is similar to the Russian, Lithuanian, Ukrainian, Polish, Jewish, but it is unique in its own way, hearty and delicious.
In the old days, each social class had its own gastronomic traditions so that Belarusian cuisine was divided into cuisine directions: peasant and bourgeois, shlyakhta and high nobility cuisines.
In Belarusian cuisine local products are widely used:

vegetables and greens (cabbages, turnips, beets, carrots, parsnips, pumpkins, potatoes, cucumbers, onions and garlic, sorrel, nettle, quinoa, orpine roots)
pulses (beans, peas, lentils, kidney beans)
grains (rye, barley, oats, buckwheat)
mushrooms (pickled, dried, powdered)
fruit and berries (apples, pears, plums, cherries, currants, bilberries, blueberries, cranberries, raspberries, mountain ash, viburnum, rosehip)
spices and dressings (caraway, coriander, linseed, horseradish, calamus, mustard, juniper, cherry and oak leaves)

Potatoes deserve a special mention: having appeared in Belarus in the XVIII century, it enriched the national cuisine and became the basis of many Belarusian dishes.
Among them there are famous draniki, kolduny, pyzy, potato sausage, kletski, babka…
For centuries Belarusians consumed limited amounts of meat, as a rule, in special meals in the form of salted and sun-dried products. With time, the meat diet expanded. The most common forms of meat were:

mutton
poultry (chicken, duck, goose, turkey)
game (elk, roe, boar, beaver)

Belarusian cuisine is a big variety of meat and poultry dishes (pyachysta, kumpyachok, machanka, vereshchaka, tushanka, smazhanka), all sorts of home-made sausages, salty salo, byproduct dishes (vantrabyanka, rubtsy – pork belly stuffed with meat and buckwheat porridge), smoked meat…
Belarusian cuisine is also rich in fish dishes. As a rule, it is river fish (tench, sturgeon, pike, eelpout, bream, eel, trout, perch, carp). Belarusians cooked with fish yushka, dumplings,also they made salt and smoked fish. Today restaurants serve famous "Pike Perch a la Radziwill."
The most common dairy products were curd cheese (made of cow and goat milk), sour cream, and butter. Milk is a regular ingredient of many Belarusian recipes, including all kinds of soups, porridges, mokanka.
Dishes of Belarusian villagers were always hearty, relatively simple in cooking (many dishes were prepared in the oven over low heat for a long time), but always fresh: chilled or warmed food was not served!
Nobility cuisine was more exquisite, with a big variety of products and spices, including exotic ones, and, of course, with the use of more sophisticated cooking technologies. The nobles had an opportunity to indulge themselves in such dishes as aselk lips in sugared vinegar, stuffed eel, rooster broth...

Peculiarities of Belarusian cuisine

There are special features that distinguish Belarusian cuisine from culinary traditions of many other countries, give it a local color and charm.
For example, the Belarusian cuisine is characterized by quite complicated and lengthy processing of products. It includes such methods as braising, stewing, baking, cooking, blanching and roasting, with alternation of several methods in a single recipe.
In many national dishes various kinds of flour are used - flour of oats, buckwheat, peas, rye and its mixtures.
What is more, flour is not only the main ingredient of some dishes (for example, flat cakes called perepecha, special Belarusian pancakes from various kinds of flour, thick pancakes made of peas) but also it is an additive for thickening ("zakolota" for soups). From old centuries in Belarus dough was mixed without adding yeast.

Belarusian cuisine offers a great variety of dishes with vegetables. Many of them are unique in spite of the Slavonic basis.

For instance, there are soup zhur (lean,milk or meat soup) based on oat water, polivka (thin soup with cereals and vegetables),morkva (carrot soup), gryzhanka (rutabaga soup), garbuzok (pumpkin soup) and other kinds of dishes.
A special pride of the national cuisine is traditional Belarusian bread baked from rye flour, without yeast but with a specially grown leaven. It is a very good product for healthy diet .
Belarusian bread is heavy with a pleasant little sour. In old recipes they used different dressings like caraway seeds, linseeds and sunflower seeds. Sometimes bread was baked on a ‘pillow’ of birch and oak leaves.

Belarusian cuisine today

Modern Belarusian cuisine is eclectic. It has saved and revived the old national recipes, dishes from different countries of the world become popular, too.

Today restaurants offer modern versions of traditional Belarusian dishes which reflect original ideas of chefs and principles of gourmet cuisine taking into account diversity of products and seasonal changes. You will definitely appreciate such delicious dishes as:

Marinated white mushrooms with vegetable oil, hot potatoes, pieces of toasted wheat bread and leek
Zhur with eggs, smoked meat and sour cream
Cutlets from buckwheat and chopped meat (grechaniki) with sour cream and leek sauce
Draniki with apple and sour-cream sauce
Meat sauce (vereshchaka) with buckwheat pancakes
Bigos (a dish with sour cabbage) with smoked meat, mushrooms and prunes
Pyachisto (large pieces of gammon)
Pear roasted in honey with spices (a recipe of the Radziwill family)

In the 20th century, in the times of the Soviet Union, culinary traditions of other national cuisines, like russian, ukrainian, caucasian and central asiatic cuisines, came into diet of Belarusians. In those times many West European meat dishes appeared on the menu of Belarusian restaurants and canteens.
The main changes of Belarusian cuisine during the 20th century were:

wheat flour and dishes from it became very popular (for centuries Belarusians used mainly rye flour)
appearing of salads

Nowdays in the menu of Belarusian restaurants you can find dishes both of Belarusian, European, and Asian cuisines, and modern culinary trends (wellness, fusion).
But if you are in Belarus, you must taste the national cuisine, dishes that only here can be truly Belarusian.
You will discover how delicious, interesting, and sometimes even exclusive and unpredictable Belarusian cuisine is!

Belarusian desserts

For many centuries honey was the main dessert for Belarusians. Solodukha (malt dough), kulaga (thick beverage made from berries, flour, sugar, and honey), and baked apples also were popular. Among famous recipes there are sweet pancakes with cottage cheese and pears a la Radziwill.
Today the most popular desserts are:

ice-cream, whipped cream
cakes
fruits and berries (apples, pears, bilberry, cranberry, strawberry)

Vodka in Belarus

Vodka (Harelka) is the most popular strong alcoholic beverage in Belarus. It appeared in the late 15th century and gradually became one of the most common types of alcohol. Belarusians drink vodka on holidays and special occasions.

Билет № 7. Belarusian Cuisine

Do you like cooking? Why (not)?

What questions will you ask a friend who has invited you to a pot-luck party?

Let’s talk about Belarusian national cuisine (food). What can you tell me about eating habits in Belarus?

Modern Belarusian cookery is based on old national traditions. Dishes from potatoes are very common in Belarusian cuisine. Potatoes are called ”the second bread” in Belarus. Potatoes are included into many salads, served together with mushrooms and meat; different pies and baked puddings are made from it. The most popular among the Belarusians are traditional draniki, thick pancakes, prepared from shredded potatoes. A lot of place in the diet of the Belarusians belongs to meat and meat products, especially to the pork and salted pork fat. The salted pork fat is used slightly smoked and seasoned with onions and garlic. Dishes prepared from meat are usually served together with potatoes or vegetables such as carrot, cabbage, black radish, peas, etc. Belarusian national cuisine also offers fresh, dried, salted and pickled mushrooms and also various berries such as bilberry, strawberries, raspberries, cranberry and some others. An integral part of any dinner is soup. It can be hot or cold. Belarusians are fond of borscht, a thick and rich beet and cabbage soup made with grains, potato and meat. The Belarusian khaladnik , a cold borscht made of beets, beet leaves and served with sour cream, hard-boiled eggs, and boiled potatoes will be pleasant on a hot summer day. Another popular Belarusian dishes are “zatsirka” and “krupnik” (soup made from cereals). Every possible salads are prepared from cabbage, carrots, beans.

Do you like cooking? Why? Why not?

A. Yes, I do. My mother is a very good cook and she taught me to cook pizza, pancakes and roast chicken.

B. In fact, I don’t like cooking. I think it’s boring. My mum does it better. I only help her in the kitchen.

C. No, to tell the truth I don’t like cooking. It takes a lot of time and frankly speaking I am not very good at cooking and my dishes are not always tasty.

What questions can you ask a friend who has invited you to a pot-luck party?

I have never been to a potluck party. It’s probably amazing. Of course I will have to find out some things beforehand:

What is the theme of your potluck party?

How many people have you invited to the party?

Are you going to make a list of dishes?

What dish shall I bring?

Where will the party take place?

Shall I bring some plates or cups?

Shall I bring some drinks?

Who else is invited to the party?

What national dishes can you recommend a tourist to taste in Belarus?

When people come from other countries they usually look for something special and traditional in this country. So I think it would be a good idea to recommend them to eat our draniki. To my mind this dish is a speciality of our country, it is delicious. You can also taste borchs and holodnik.

Can you tell me how to cook one of your favourite dishes?

Frankly speaking I am not very fond of cooking but I can tell you how to prepare draniki. First you should peel some potatoes, then you should grate them, add an egg , some flour, some salt, mix everything and make little pancakes on a frying pan. Serve your draniki hot with sour cream. Bon appetite!

Modern Belarusian cookery is based on old national traditions . Dishes from potatoes are very common in Belarusian cuisine. Potatoes are called «the second bread» in Belarus. There are special potato cafes in the country where you can try various potato dishes. Potatoes are included into many salads, served together with mushrooms, meat; different pirazhki (patties) and baked puddings are made from it. The most popular among the Belarusians are traditional draniki, thick pancakes, prepared from shredded potatoes. A lot of place in the diet of the Belarusians belongs to meat and meat products, especially to the pork and salted pork fat. Belarusians eat fresh, dried, salted and pickled mushrooms, and also berries such as bilberry, wild strawberries, raspberries, cranberry and some others. Zatirka is the most popular of flour dishes. Pieces of specially prepared dough are boiled in water and then poured over with milk . An integral part of any dinner is soup. It can be hot or cold. Belarusians are fond of borscht, a thick and rich beet and cabbage soup made with grains, potato and meat. The Belarusian khaladnik , a cold borscht made of beets, beet leaves and served with sour cream, hard-boiled eggs, and boiled potatoes will be pleasant on a hot summer day. Every possible salads are prepared from cabbage, carrots, beans. Bon appetit!

Do you like cooking?

No, to tell the truth I don’t like cooking. It takes a lot of time and frankly speaking I am not very good at cooking and my dishes are not always tasty.

What questions can you ask a friend who has invited you to a pot-luck party?

What dish shall I bring?

Where will the party take place?

Shall I bring some plates or cups?

Shall I bring some drinks?

Who else is invited to the party?

What questions can you ask a waiter when you are ordering a meal in a café?

What would you recommend me to order?

Have you got any vegetarian dishes?

What is the speciality of your café?

Is this dish rich in calories?

What national dish can you recommend a tourist to taste in Belarus ?

I would recommend to sample “ draniki” To my mind this dish is a speciality of our country, it is delicious. You can also taste borchs and holodnik.

Scientists say that fast food is unhealthy but teenagers can’t stop eating it. What do you think about it?

Personally I try to avoid fast food because it is high in calories but lacking in nutrition. Fast food is high in saturated fat and this type of fat is associated with a greater risk of cancer. What is more, eating a lot of fast food leads to high levels of cholesterol in the blood, which can cause heart diseases. Moreover, if you consume a lot of fast food you are likely to gain weight. So, I think teenagers should make an effort and try to limit the amount of fast food they eat.

Do you personally follow the rules of a healthy way of life? Why(not)? Yes , I personally try to follow the rules of a healthy way of life , I try to avoid junk food ,sweets, soda, eat more vegetables and fruit, have regular meals, spend some time in the open air, and take enough exercise.

Can you tell me how to cook one of your favourite dishes?

Frankly speaking I am not very fond of cooking but I can tell you how to prepare draniki.

First you should peel some potatoes, then you should grate them, add an egg , some flour, some salt, mix everything and make little pancakes on a frying pan . Serve your draniki hot with sour cream or butter. Bon appetite!

5.Most of the families want to have a big kitchen in the flat at the same time they have a meal together less and less often. What do you think about it?

To my mind it, is a pity if a family don’t have time to have a meal together because it could be a very nice tradition when people can become closer, share their experiences, learn more about each other’s lives and enjoy a delicious home-made meal. It also unites a family when the members of the family cook, lay the table, and wash up together. It is a pity in my family we seldom have meals together, we get together on some special occasions such as birthdays, holidays and I wish we could have more meals together.

What cafes would you recommend to visit in your place?

I would recommend you to visit sportcafe Pautina because the food is delicious there, you can eat sushi there, the food is not expensive, and the interior is modern and beautiful.

Do you know many recipes?

To tell the truth I am not fond of cooking , it takes a lot of time, and I am not good at it. So I cannot say that I know a lot of recipes but I think that if I need some recipe I will be able to find it on the Internet.