Hemingway, Ernest (1899-1961): a prominent American novelist and short-story writer. He began to write fiction about 1923, his first books being the reflection of his war experience. "The Sun Also Rises" (1926) belongs to this period as well as "A Farewell to Arms" (1929) in which the antiwar protest is particularly powerful.
During the Civil War Hemingway visited Spain as a war correspondent. His impressions of the period and his sympathies with the Republicans found reflection in his famous play "The Fifth Column" (1937), the novel "For Whom the Bell Tolls" (1940) and a number of short stories.
His later works are "Across the River and into the Trees" (1950) and "The Old Man and the Sea" (1952) and the very last novel "Islands in the Stream" (1970) published after the author"s death. In 1954 he was awarded a Nobel Prize for literature.
Hemingway"s manner is characterized by deep psychological insight into the human nature. He early established himself as the master of a new style: laconic and somewhat dry.
He came into the room to shut the windows while we were still in bed and I saw he looked ill. He was shivering, his face was white, and he walked slowly as though it ached to move. "What"s the matter, Schatz?" 12
"I"ve got a headache."
"You"d better go back to bed."
"No, I"m all right."
"You go to bed. I"ll see you when I"m dressed."
But when I came downstairs he was dressed, sitting by the fire, looking a very sick and miserable boy of nine years. When I put my hand on his forehead I knew he had a fever.
"You go up to bed," I said, "you"re sick."
"I"m all right," he said.
When the doctor came he took the boy"s temperature.
"What is it?" I asked him.
"One hundred and two." 13
Downstairs, the doctor left three different medicines in different colored capsules with instructions for giving them. One was to bring down the fever, another a purgative, the third to overcome an acid condition. The germs of influenza can only exist in an acid condition, he explained. He seemed to know all about influenza and said there was nothing to worry about if the fever did not go above one hundred and four degrees. This was a light epidemic of flu and there was no danger if you avoided pneumonia.
Back in the room I wrote the boy"s temperature down and made a note of the time to give the various capsules.
"Do you want me to read to you?"
"All right, if you want to," said the boy. His face was very white and there were dark areas under his eyes. He lay still in the bed and seemed very detached from what was going on.
I read aloud from Howard Pyle"s 14 ^ Book of Pirates, but I could see he was not following what I was reading.
"How do you feel, Schatz?" I asked him.
"Just the same, so far," he said.
I sat at the foot of the bed and read to myself while I waited for it to be time to give another capsule. It would have been natural for him to go to sleep, but when I looked up he was looking at the foot of the bed, looking very strangely.
"Why don"t you try to go to sleep? I"ll wake you up for the medicine."
"I"d rather stay awake."
After a while he said to me, "You don"t have to stay in here with me, Papa, if it bothers you."
"It doesn"t bother me."
"No, I mean you don"t have to stay if it"s going to bother you."
I thought perhaps he was a little light-headed and after giving him the prescribed capsules at eleven o"clock I went out for a while.
It was a bright, cold day, the ground covered with a sleet that had frozen so that it seemed as if all the bare trees, the bushes, the cut brush and all the grass and the bare ground had been varnished with ice. I took the young Irish setter for a little walk up the road and along a frozen creek.
At the house they said the boy had refused to let any one come into the room.
"You can"t come in," he said. "You mustn"t get what I have." I went up to him and found him in exactly the position I had left him, white-faced, but with the tops of his cheeks flushed by the fever, staring still, as he had stared, at the foot of the bed.
I took his temperature.
"Something like a hundred," I said. It was one hundred and two and four tenths.
"It was a hundred and two," he said.
"Your temperature is all right," I said. "It"s nothing to worry about."
"I don"t worry," he said, "but I can"t keep from thinking."
"Don"t think," I said. "Just take it easy."
"I"m taking it easy," he said and looked worried about something.
"Take this with water."
"Do you think it will do any good?"
"Of course, it will,"
I sat down and opened the Pirate Book and commenced to read but I could see he was not following, so I stopped.
"About what time do you think I"m going to die?" he asked.
"About how long will it be before I die?"
"You aren"t going to die. What"s the matter with you?"
"Oh, yes, I am. I heard him say a hundred and two."
"People don"t die with a fever of one hundred and two. That"s a silly way to talk!"
"I know they do. At school in France the boys told me you can"t live with forty-four degrees. I"ve got a hundred and two."
He had been waiting to die all day, ever since nine o"clock in the morning.
"You poor Schatz," I said. "Poor old Schatz, it"s like miles and kilometers. You aren"t going to die. That"s a diflerent thermometer. On that thermometer thirty-seven is normal. On this kind it"s ninety-eight."
"Absolutely," I said. "It"s like miles and kilometers. You know, like how many kilometers we make when we do seventy miles in the car?"
But his gaze at the foot of the bed relaxed slowly. The hold over himself relaxed too, finally, and the next day it was very slack and he cried very easily at little things that were of no importance.
^ VOCABULARY NOTES
1. to shiver υi дрожать, as shiver with cold
Syn. to tremble, to shudder, to start; to tremble is the most general word; shuddering/starting is generally the result of (great) fear or disgust, е.g. He seemed perfectly calm, only a slight trembling of his voice and hands showed he was excited. Keith shuddered at the sight of the dead body. The child was shivering with cold. She started when they came in.
2. ache n (a continuous, not sharp or sudden, pain). Usually used in compounds: headache, toothache, stomachache, earache, backache , е.g. I had a bad headache yesterday. Some people have (a) bad earache when the plane is losing height. But: to have a sore throat, eye, finger , etc., е.g. I can"t speak loude?, I have a sore throat.
Syn. pain n to feel (have) a bad (sharp, slight) pain in ..., е.g. I feel a sharp pain in my right knee. My leg gives me much pain.; painful adj болезненный, тяжелый
Ant. painless , е.g. It was a painful (painless) operation.
to ache υ i/t болеть (чувствовать боль) - to be in continuous pain, e, g. My ear aches. After climbing the mountain he ached all over.
Cf .: hurt υt/i причинять боль, е.g. It hurts the eyes to look at the sun. My foot hurts (me) when I walk.
3. medicine n 1. лекарство, е.g. What medicine (s) do you take for your headaches? 2. медицина, e.g. He is fond of medicine, he wants to become a surgeon.
medical adj, е.g. He studies at a Medical Institute. He is a medical student. My medical knowledge leaves much to be desired. You"d better consult your surgeon.
4. condition n 1. состояние; to be in (a) good (bad) condition , е.g. After the thunderstorm our garden was in a terrible condition, quite a number of trees were broken. Every parcel arrived in good condition (nothing was broken or spoiled).; to be in no condition to do smth ., е.g. He is in no condition to travel. The ship was in no condition to leave harbour, He can sing very well, but tonight he is in no condition to do it, he has a sore throat.
2. условие; under good (bad) condition(s) , е.g. The unemployed live under very hard conditions.; on condition that = if , е.g. I will do it on condition that you give me the time I need.; conditional adj, е.g. Conditional sentences contain "if or its synonyms.
5. foot n (pl feet) 1. нога (ниже щиколотки, ступня), е.g. The boyjumped to his feet. A dog"s feet are called paws.; 2. фут (около) 30,5 см, pl часто без изменений, е.g. The boy was too tall for his age and he was three foot two in his shoes.; 3. подножие, нижняя часть, основание, as the foot of the mountain, at the foot of the page, the foot of the bed, е.g. This boy is at the foot of his class.
Ant. top, head , as the top of the mountain, the top (head) of the page, at the head of the bed, etc. е.g. This boy is at the head of his class.
on foot (= walking, not riding), е.g. When people are having their walking holiday they cover long distances on foot. (Cf .: by train, by bus, etc.)
footnote n сноска
6. prescribe υi прописывать лекарство, е.g. Doctor, will you prescribe a tonic for me? What can you prescribe for my headache (cold, etc.) ?
prescription n рецепт; to make up a prescription for smb., е.g. Please call in at the chemist"s and have this prescription made up for me; to write out a prescription.
7. bare adj 1. обнаженный, голый, непокрытый (usu. about some part of our body), е.g. His head was bare.
Syn. naked (= having no clothes on), е.g. Victorine was shocked when she learned that she would have to sit for the painter quite naked.
barefoot adj predic, adv = with bare feet, without shoes and stockings, е.g. Children like to go (run, walk) barefoot.
barefooted adj, attr. Barefooted people were standing on the bank.
bare-legged (-armed) adj = with bare legs (arms), е.g. When we speak of bare-legged children we mean children wearing shoes, but no stockings; bare-footed children wear neither shoes nor stockings.
bare-beaded , adj = without a hat, е.g. It"s already too cold to go bare-headed.
2. пустой, голый, лишенный чего-л., as a bare room (with little or no furniture), bare walls (without pictures or wallpaper), bare trees (without leaves), bare facts (only facts; nothing but facts).
Cf .: a bare room (no furniture), an empty room (no people), a vacant room (a room in which either no one is living at present or no one is working; a room which can be occupied), е.g. After the piano was taken out, the room seemed quite bare. I thought I heard voices in the next room, but it was empty. "Won"t you look for a vacant room in which we could have a consultation?" - "I"m told that all the rooms are occupied."
8. refuse υt/i отказывать(ся), е.g. She refused my offer. She can"t refuse her children anything. He refused to do what I asked him.
N о t e: In the meaning of sacrificing smth., parting with smth., the English verb to give up is used, е.g. He gave up the idea of going there. Roger promised to give up smoking, but he didn"t keep his promise.
refusal n , е.g. He answered her invitation, with a cold refusal,
9. like adj похожий, подобный, е.g. They are as like as two peas. What is he like? (= What sort of person is he?) What does he look like? (= What kind of appearance has he got?) How does she look today? (= What is her appearrance today?) It looks like gold. (= It has the appearance of gold.) It looks like rain. It was just like him to take the biggest piece of cake. There is nothing like home.
like prep or adv подобно, как, е.g. I can"t do it like you. They are behaving like little children, I"ve never heard him sing like that.
Note: to act like means to do smth. in the same way or in the manner of other people, е.g. She can play like a real pianist.; to act as means acting in the capacity of smb., e g. Some of our students act as guides during summer.
alike adj predic одинаковый, похожий, подобный, е.g. The houses in this street are alike. (Cf.: The houses in this street are like those in the next street.)
likeness n сходство, е.g. I cannot see much likeness between the twins.
unlike adj непохожий, е.g. She was unlike all other girls.
unlike prep в отличие от, е.g. Unlike other girls she was not at all talkative.
^ NOTES ON STYLE
A. The terms style, stylistic are generally used in two different meanings. In lexicology the term functional style is used which may be defined as a system of expressive means peculiar to a specific sphere of communication. Otherwise speaking, the choice of words and of modes of expression depends on the situation in which the process of communication is realized, whether it is a friendly talk, an official letter or report, a poem, a scientific article, etc. According to the situation (or the sphere of communication) we may distinguish formal (bookish, learned) and informal (colloquial) words. The former are peculiar to fiction, scientific prose, lectures, official talks; the latter are used in everyday talks with friends and relatives. One should also keep ip mind that there are a great number of words that are independent of the sphere of communication, i. e. that can be used in a lecture, in an informal talk, in a poem, etc. Such words are stylistically neutral (е.g. bread, word, book, go, takes, white, etc.).
Students should be warned against taking the term colloquial as a kind of encouragement to use words thus marked as much as possible. The term implies that the words called colloquial are limited by their sphere of usage and, if used in a wrong situation (е.g. in a student"s composition, in a conversation with an official acquaintance or with one higher in authority), may produce the impression of impoliteness or even rudeness.
^ E. g. He is a jolly chap. = Он парень что надо, (chap n , coll.; jolly adj, coll.) The stylistically neutral way of putting it is: He is a good (fine) man.
How are the kids? = Как ваши ребята? (kid n , coll.) The stylistically neutral way How are your children?
I"m all right. = Co мной все нормально. (all right coll.) The stylistically neutral way I feel (am) quite well.
Compare:
Neutral Colloquial Bookish
begin start commence
continue go on proceed
end, finish be over (through) terminate
buy get purchase
Note also that such abbreviations as ^ I"m, I"ve, I"ll, you"d, you"re, etc. are characteristic of colloquial style. Therefore, students will be well advised to avoid them in their compositions, essays, precis, etc.
B. The term style may be also used with reference to the manner of writing of some particular author. E. g. Hemingway"s style is characterized by laconism and lack of detail. The syntax of his sentences is very simple, the dialogues are almost monosyllabic and seemingly unemotional. Yet, through the austere form the author manages sometimes to create a narration of great tension.
^ ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY (I)
ache υ, n flue n painful adj
avoid υ foot n pneumonia n
bare adj medical adj prescribe υ
barefoot adj predic, adv medicine n prescription n
bare-headed adj miserable adj shiver υ
condition n naked adj tremble υ
epidemic n pain n vacant adj
Word Combinations
to have (got) a headache to give smth. up
to take one"s (or smb."s) to make a note (notes) of smth.
temperature so far
to bring down the fever at the foot (head) of the bed
to be in (a) good (bad) to read to oneself (aloud)
condition to go to sleep (cf .: to fall asleep)
to live (work) under good to stay (be) awake
(bad) condition (s) flushed by the fever (anger,
to be in no condition to do smth. excitement, etc.)
on condition that to flush with
to write (put) smth. down to take smth. easy
EXERCISES
^
1. Read the text and the Notes on Lexicology and Style and talk on the following points (A. Grammar, B.Word usage, C. Style):
A.
1. Why does the author use or drop the definite article before the word bed
in the sentences: "We were still in bed." "You"d better go back to bed," "I sat at the foot of the bed."
2. Why is the Infinitive used with or without the particle to in the sentences: "Do you want me to read to you?" "I heard him say a hundred and two."
3. In the sentence "It"s nothing to worry about" ft is a personal pronoun. What noun does it stand for? (Note: The English for «Нечего беспокоиться.» would be "There is nothing to worry about.")
4. Tick off the sentences with the Infinitive used as an attribute.
5. Tick off all the complex sentences with clauses joined without the conjunction that, е.g. "I know (that) he is ill."
B. 1. What did the father mean when he said "You"d better go back to bed"? (Add some words to show the implication.)
2. Paraphrase the sentences: "I"d rather stay awake" and "just take it easy."
3. What is the difference between the boy"s words "...if it bothers you" and "...if it"s going to bother you." (Translate the sentences with these phrases into Russian.)
4. How and why did the boy paraphrase his question "about what time... I"m going to die?"
5. The boy lay with his eyes fixed at the foot of the bed. What synonyms and why did the author use to describe the situation? (See Vocabulary Notes in Unit One.)
C. 1. Comment on the choice of words in Hemingway"s story from the point of view of their stylistic colouring. What style prevails, formal or informal?
2. What can you say about the dialogues in the story and their stylistic peculiarities?
3. Comment on the syntax of the story and the stylistic effect achieved by it.
4. What is the general atmosphere of the story? Is the tension gradually increased? How is the effect achieved? What is the point of the highest tension (climax) ?
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II. a) Choose the best translation of each English sentence below (or give your own variant) and reason oat your choice;
I. I"d rather stay awake, 1. Я предпочитаю бодрствовать. 2. Я лучше не буду спать.
II. ...as though it ached to move. 1. ...как будто ему было больно двигаться. 2. ...как будто движения причиняли ему боль,
III. He seemed very detached from what was going on. 1. Казалось, окружающее его не интересует. 2. Он казался полностью отрешенным от всего происходящего. 3. Он, казалось, не замечал того, что происходит вокруг.
IV. But his gaze at the foot of the bed relaxed slowly. 1. Его взгляд становился все менее напряженным. 2. Он уже не с таким напряжением смотрел перед собой. 3. Его взгляд, устремленный на спинку кровати, постепенно терял свою напряженность.
V. The hold over himself relaxed too, finally, and the next day it was very slack. I. Сдержанность его тоже, наконец, ослабла и на следующий день была очень незначительной. 2. Он перестал держать себя в руках и на следующий день был совсем вялым. 3. В конце концов его контроль над собой тоже стал слабеть, и на следующий день он совсем раскис.
^
b) Translate the description of the father"s walk.
III. a) Copy, transcribe and give Russian equivalents of these words:
ache, fever, medicine, capsule, purgative, germ, acid, influenza, various, pneumonia, area, pirate, natural, bother, prescribe, bush, brush, worry, thermometer, absolutely, relax.
^
b) Give the four forms of the verbs:
shut, overcome, lie (лежать), lay (класть), wake, freeze, worry, die,
c) Make four columns and write numbers I, П, III and IV at their tops to represent four types of syllables. Then pick out from the list above ("a" and "b") words with vowel sounds illustrating different types of syllables and place them in right columns.
^IV. Try your hand at teaching.
(Look up the words and phrases you may need to do the task in "Classroom English", Sections IV, VIII.)
A. Preparation. a) Pick out from the text and from the introduction to it words with the letter с in them. Divide a sheet of paper into ten columns with the following letters at the top of each column: 1) с+е, 2) c + i, 3) c + a, 4) c + o, 5) c+u, 6) c+a consonant, 7) с in the ending -ic, 8) c + h = , 9) c+h= [k], 10) c+k=[k].
Classify the words under each heading.
b) Make up your own list of words to illustrate the same rules.
B. Work in Class. a) Show the table with 10 columns to your fellow-students and explain how с should be pronounced in each case.
b) Dictate the words from your list to the students and ask one of them to spell them on the blackboard. Correct the mistakes.
^
V. Answer the questions:
1. What were the symptoms of the boy"s illness? 2. Why did it seem to the father that the doctor knew all about influenza? 3. What worried the boy? Since when? 4. Why did the boy prefer to stay awake? 5. What were the symptoms of the boy"s nervous strain that the father took for the symptoms of his illness? 6. Wouldn"t it have been more natural if the boy had told his father about his fears? Why? 7. Do you like the boy"s behaviour? How does it characterize him? 8. How would you explain the contrasts in the boy"s behaviour on the first and the second day
of his illness? 9. Why did the author introduce the description of the father"s walk? 10. Do you find the situation described in the story true to life? (Give your reasons.) 11. Do you think you would have behaved in the same way in the boy"s place? 12. What do you consider to be the point of the story?
^
Begin when possible your answers with:
I believe; I think; I"d like to say; In my view; As I see it; I don"t think it would...; This is my way of looking at it.
VI. Study Vocabulary Notes and a) write derivatives or compounds of:
refuse, prescribe, pain, ache, condition, bare, like.^
b) Give the opposite of:
to read aloud, in good condition, at the foot of the bed (mountain, page), the girl had shoes on, the seat is occupied, the trees are covered with leaves, to be asleep.
c) Give English equivalents of these words and use them in sentences of your own:
голый (2 words), дрожать (2 words), отказаться (2 words).^
VII. Fill in
a) ache, hurt, pain, painful:
- What... you?
I can"t say I feel any sharp ... in some definite place, I just... all over.
Does it... you to move your arms, legs or head?
My head ... all the time, it ... me to look at the light and each movement is ... .
Well, I must examine you. Don"t be afraid, it won"t be ... .
But, doctor, each touch gives me ....
Well, try and take it easy.
^
b) in, on:
- Your child"s health is ... a rather bad condition, he must be thoroughly examined in the policlinic.
But, doctor, he is ... no condition to leave the house, he"s too weak.
Perhaps we"d better take him to hospital then.
Oh, doctor, isn"t it possible to keep him at home?
Well, only ... condition that you follow all my instructions.
^
c) refuse, give up:
1. In spite of his father"s wish he ... to leave the Medical Institute as he was fond of medicine and didn"t want to ... . 2. I decided to break with him after he had ... to help me when I was in great need of help. 3. Though she regularly ... his proposals he couldn"t... his dream of marrying her sooner or later. 4. If she asks me for any favour I"ll never ... her. 5. If I were you I wouldn"t... my plan so easily.
^
d) like, as:
1. The children jumped and squealed (визжали) ... little puppies. 2. The girl tried to behave ... a grown-up person. 3. She was invited to this conference ... a specialist in medicine. 4. He works ... a doctor in one of our hospitals. 5. You just listen to him, he speaks ... a real doctor, though he doesn"t know anything about medicine. 6. ... your doctor, I don"t allow you to get up for some more days.
^
VIII. Write 5 questions after each pattern below. (Keep to the same word order.) Discuss them in class:
1. Do you think the boy would have worried about his temperature if he had known the difference between the Fahrenheit and the Centigrade thermometers?
2. Why, do you think, the medicines were in different coloured capsules?
^
IX. Retell the text in reported speech following the outline given below:
1. The boy looks ill.
2. The father calls for a doctor.
3. The doctor diagnoses the illness and leaves instructions.
4. The boy seems detached from what is going on around him.
5. The father goes for a walk.
6. The boy"s state troubles his father.
7. The father finds out what worries the boy.
8. The boy relaxes.
^
Use the vocabulary of the text and the words:
to ask (about, if, why), to wonder (whether, why, what...), to say (that), to tell smb. (about smth.), to add (that), to answer (that), to reply (that), to inquire after (smb."s health), to declare (that).
X. Supply articles where necessary:
1. ... clinical thermometer is ... small thermometer for finding ... temperature of ... body. 2. ... boiling point of ... Fahrenheit thermometer is 212°, of ... Centigrade thermometer - 100° and of... Reamur thermometer - 80°. 3.... kilometer is ... measure of length as well as... mile and... foot;... kilogram and ... pound are ... measures of weight. 4. His high temperature worried... boy because he didn"t know... difference between... Fahrenheit and Centigrade thermometers.^
XI. Make up short dialogues starting with the sentences below. Try and argue with each other:
1. The mother to the father: You shouldn"t have gone for a walk when the child was ill.
2. The father to the boy: You should have told me what worried you.
3. The mother to the boy: You should have let me in, why didn"t you?
4. The mother to the father: You might have guessed that something was worrying the boy.
5. The father to the mother: You might have dropped in to see what state the boy was in.
6. The mother to the father (the next day): I don"t like the boy"s state. Perhaps we had better call the doctor again?
^
Use such phrases as;
But why should (shouldn"t) I?; Well, I don"t (didn"t) think...; I wish I could, but...; I really couldn"t imagine...; What a silly way to talk!; I wish you wouldn"t...; I"m really sorry, but...; I really feel bad about it...; What do you think I should have done...?, etc.
Example: Father: You should go to bed at once.
Son: Why should I? I"m all right.
Father: But you aren"t. You"re shivering and your face is white.
Son: Well, I just feel a bit cold, I"ll sit down by the fire.
Father: You are ill and you have a fever.
Sоn: How do you know?
Father: I knew it just when I put my hand on your forehead.
^
XII. Translate into English;
1. В каких условиях вы жили, когда были ребенком? 2. Я записала все его замечания по этому вопросу. 3. Если бы ты вчера приняла эти таблетки, ты сегодня чувствовала бы себя гораздо лучше. 4. У девочек был совсем несчастный вид, когда им сказали о болезни их матери. 5. Позволь детям побегать босиком, это не причинит им вреда. 6. Все больные одинаковы: нервничают по пустякам и ведут себя как дети. 7. На вашем месте я бы не записывала все эти данные, они не имеют большого значения. 8. Если ты не будешь спать, ты будешь отвратительно чувствовать себя завтра. 9. Мне нравится этот врач, потому что он не прописывает слишком много лекарств. 10. Он снова отсутствует? Это похоже на него: пропускать уроки, когда у вас письменная контрольная. П. Я бы не сказала, что между нами большое сходство. 12. Как будто собирается дождь. Думаю, нам лучше посидеть дома.
^
ХIII. а) Fill in prepositions or adverbs where necessary and summarize 15 the passage:
"Well, you"d better let me take your temperature," said Griffiths.
"It"s quite unnecessary," answered Philip irritably.
Philip put the thermometer ... his mouth. Griffiths sat ... the side ... the bed and chattered brightly ... a moment, then he took it... and looked ... it.
"Now, look here, old man, you stay ... bed, and I"ll bring old Deacon ... to have a look ... you."
"Nonsense," said Philip. "There"s nothing the matter. I wish you wouldn"t bother ... me."
"But it isn"t any bother. You"ve got a temperature and you must stay ... bed. You will, won"t you?"
"You"ve got a wonderful bedside manner," Philip murmured, closing his eyes ... a smile.
(From "Of Human Bondage" by Somerset Maugham)
b) Add question tags to the sentences below and answer them. Begin your answers with "Yes, he did/was"", "No, he didn"t/wasn"t" or "But he did/was" and then give full answers:
Example: - Griffiths didn"t want Philip to take his temperature, did he?Yes, he did. He saw that his friend looked quite sick and miserable.
1. Philip was not irritated at Griffiths" advice,...? 2. Philip put the thermometer under bis arm, ...? 3. Philip"s temperature wasn"t all right, ...? 4. Griffiths didn"t even try to chatter sitting at his friend"s bed,...? 5. Philip thought that there was nothing the matter with him, ...? 6. There was really nothing the matter with Philip, ...? 7. Griffiths didn"t want Philip to stay in bed", ...? 8. Philip didn"t want his friend to look after him, ...? 9. Griffiths was going to bring a doctor to Philip, ...? 10. Philip smiled because he wanted bis friend to think, that he was all right,...?
^
XIV. Translate the following text into English:
Мать сидела рядом с кроваткой ребенка, не сводя с него глаз. Ребенок бредил, у него был сильный жар, щеки пылали, а под глазами были темные круги. Зашла соседка, принесла термометр и какое-то лекарство. Она сказала, что это лекарство снизит температуру. Через два часа мать измерила ребенку температуру и увидела, что лекарство не помогло.
Пришел врач и сказал, что у ребенка воспаление легких, но серьезной опасности пока нет. Он спросил, когда мальчик заболел. Мать вспомнила, что еще со вторника он все время говорил, что у него болит голова и ломит все тело.
«Не волнуйтесь. Все будет хорошо, - сказал врач, - но вам бы следовало отвезти ребенка в больницу».
«Я лучше сама присмотрю за ним», - сказала мать.
«Что же, - сказал врач, - не буду настаивать. Не нужно расстраиваться. Если вы будете точно следовать моим указаниям, я уверен, что через несколько дней ему будет лучше».
Врач ушел, но подумал, что было бы все-таки лучше отправить ребенка в больницу.
^
XV. Make up three short dialogues, using the phrases listed below:
a) to have a headache, to have a fever, to take one"s temperature, had better, to have a prescription made up;
b) to consult a doctor, a light epidemic of flu, to prescribe the medicine for, to be light-headed, would rather, to do good;
c) to take smth. easy, to keep from doing smth., there is nothing to worry about, on condition that, to be of no importance.
^
XVI. Try your hand at teaching.
1. Say what yon would do in the teacher"s position:
During a music lesson, while the teacher tried to demonstrate the rhythm of a song, Pete took two pencils and proceeded to drum on a book. The teacher stopped playing and demanded to know who was drumming. No reply came forth, so she resumed her playing. This very instant the drumming started again. The teacher, who had been on the alert, caught Pete in the act.
^
2. Practise your "Classroom English".
Play the part of the teacher and get your pupils to write a spelling test on the board.
a) Prepare a test on the vocabulary of Unit Two at home.
b) Ask several pupils to write the words on the board.
c) Make sure that the board is properly prepared for writing on it: the writing it eligible; all the mistakes are corrected; the whole class is involved. (See "Classroom English", Sections IV. VIII, IX)
^ IABORATORY EXERCISES (I)1. Listen to the text "A Day"s Wait", mark the stresses and tunes, repeat the text following the model.
2. Paraphrase the following sentences, combining them into one conditional sentence. Make all necessary changes.
3. Respond to the following sentences according to the model. Use the inverted form of conditional sentences in your responses.
4. Extend the following sentences according to the model. Use the verbs suggested.
5. Write a spelling-translation test a) translate the phrases into English; b) check them with the key.
6. Translate the sentences into English and check them with the key. Repeat the key aloud.
7. Listen to the text "Patients Needed" some other text on the topic. Find English equivalents of the Russian phrases in the text. Retell the text in indirect speech.
A Day`s Wait by Ernest Hemingway
En analyse av A Day`s Wait av Ernest Hemingway.| Sjanger: | Analyse/tolkning | Lastet opp: | 14.10.2012 |
| Sprеkform: | Engelsk | Forfatter: | Anonym |
| Tema: | | Verktшy: | |
To get a general understanding of the plot of this story; The story is about a nine year old boy named Schatz, his father and his doctor. Schatz thought he was going to die when the doctor told him that his temperature was 102.
The story took place before 09:00 a.m. one morning when Schatz came into his father`s room looking very sick and later on the same day being quite uncooperative. The time of the year must be either fall or early/late winter, because of the ice on the ground. The story took place at Schatz`s house and appeared to be set in a country other than France. Schatz being diagnoses with such a high fever and a belief that he was going to die, started the conflict. And when he learned that there was a difference between the thermostats he calmed down, which was the end of the conflict.
The story`s structure showed a hard process. The complications started when Schatz walked into his father`s room and moved as if he was in pain.
The big issue started when the doctor diagnosed him with a fever of 102 degrees, the doctor gave him a prescription for a medication. Schatz had the thought that he would die because the schoolboys in France said that individuals died from a fever of forty-four. The ending of this big issue was when his father told him about the different thermostats. So obviously the climax was when he realized that he was actually not going to die and that he simply, just had a seasonal fever. And the resolution was when he relaxed after realizing and when he cried of no importance.
The characterization of Schatz is that he is the main character in this short story and he shows both positive and negative sides of himself. Schatz is a very determined young boy and he is shown as with a strong willpower and does not seem easily shocked by his position. Apparently he has quite a significant memory because he remembers what the French schoolboys told him once.
Schatz could also be seen as a rival against himself by fighting not to overcome his illness. Basically he was his own enemy. He believed in everything he heard. It sounds like he is as a brat, not listening to his father nor the helpers at home under the circumstances of his father`s absence.
The main “movers” in this story are Schatzґs father who made him calm down and the doctor who gave him the diagnosis of a very high fever. The background people are the schoolboys who gave him the idea of death from high fevers in Schatzґs head. The helpers who tried to take care of Schatz when his father went out hunting are also movers, together with the unknown person in the beginning of the story (probably a parent who is not named).
So over to the theme, this short story actually has several! I think the first suitable theme is “do not believe in everything you hear” because Schatz believed in the facts the French boys gave him. He did not check facts and therefore he believed he would die. The second theme I mean is “Don’t give up so easily” because Schatz didn’t bother fighting for his flu but at the same time, he was too young to realize this. He gave up and was actually just waiting for death. The third theme is “After dark, there is always sunlight” because Schatz was relieved that he was not going to die.
The resolution (or result) was when Schatz returned to normal and accepted that he was wrong about the fever drama. He became friends with everyone and everything returned to normal.
The father misunderstands what the son is trying to say. And therefor sounds like he doesn’t care. For example, when Schatz says to his father that he can leave the room if it bothers him, he means death. When the father responds that it doesn’t bother him, it sounds like he doesn’t care if Schatz is going to die or not. The father also communicates quite cool and sounds like an ego. But this seems to even out because he calls his son Schatz which means honey in German.
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Ernest Hemingway . Hemingway was an American writer - novels and news articles mostly. . Born in 1899, in 1971 his first career was working at the Kansas Star , a news pape… r company. . Ernest Hemingway left his job with the Kansas Star to join World War One , where he served as a Red Cross ambulance driver. He was injured during a delivery run which was the last rout of his carrer. . His writings that followed were frequently about death and psychological trama associated with war. . He is sometimes remembered for his association with the Spanish civil war of the 1930"s when he was a reporter. This bloody conflict between communism and fascism was a prelude to WWII......WWII being almost entirely about a similar conflict between fascist Germany and communist Russia with their respective allies. . Hemingway novels have been made into several movies with generally decent interpretations offered. . He was a larger than life figure with many legends being attached to him. For example, he was supposedly a notorious and brutal drunk. The margarita was supposedly created for him. His sexual exploits were vast and ruthless, with many broken hearts. He was possibly homosexual at times. He spent time in Cuba and knew Castro. He suffered a vast array of illnesses and injuries in his life and was inaccurately written up in the papers as deceased on at least two occassions. His actual death was in 1961 as a result of a loosing battle with lifelong depression. He reportedly took a shotgun blast to the head.
Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961) was a journalist and author who won aPulitzer prize and a Nobel Prize in Literature. His short storiesand novels earned critical acclaim as well a… s popularity. Some arenow considered as classics of American literature. He was thought to have died in a bizarre double plane accident inUganda in 1954, but survived to accept his Nobel prize, although hecould not attend the ceremony. The following year, his injuries andthe effects of alcohol abuse left him bedridden. He lived forseveral years in Cuba, leaving shortly after the coup by FidelCastro (with whom he was nonetheless on friendly terms). He died athis ranch in Idaho in 1961 after having been previouslyhospitalized for depression.
A Day"s Wait describes a miscommunication between a father and hisson and the tragedy it brings. The story begins with a little boywho is sick with the flu in the winter. The … doctor tells the fatherthat his temperature is 102 degrees Fahrenheit. The boy starts totell his father how he will die because in France 102 degrees islethal. His father explains that in France they use Celsius, so theboy will be fine.
The Three Days Blow Ernest Hemingway " The Three Days Blow" is a plot less story in a dramatic way. Two friends Nick and Bill meet at Bill"s cottage. The weather is shown viol… ent. There is rain and storm. So, this is an ideal situation to stay inside home. They make fire, burn lots of logs and make themselves warm. They drink different alcohol and go on talking about different topics such as books, fishing, girlfriend, hunting, etc. without any plot, the story ends. The topics of the talk change suddenly from one subject to another. There is no third character. We know a lot about the subject, which go through their conversation only. Bill and Nick have no specific purpose of meetings or talking. The weather creates situation for them. This keeps them inside when they talk about different topics. Hemingway creates situation of drinking so that they can reveal their feelings. The scene moves forward excluding the opening exposition. He talks about the weather- rainfall, storm, wind, surf, etc. suddenly, he begins to have different sorts of drinks and talk about games of baseball. The topic of their talk shifts to books and writer. They slowly get drunk and talk about their habits. Then, they talk about nick"s girlfriend. This is the climax of the story. The theme of this scene lastly talks about hunting and go to. When we read the drama, this scene opens one by one. The title of the story says something symbolically. Weather doesn"t remain same always. Even a single day we can experience the fluctuation of weather. This is the principle of nature. Weather is dynamic; it doesn"t remain constant all the time. Just like weather, mental conflict of tension of suffering is presented in several scenes or sequence of events. In the beginning scene, nick looks calm but with the movement of different scenes, his calm face changes. The setting of this story goes to be open with a nice scene. Nick is presented in the beginning on the way. He is going up to the village. Natural presentation is also seen. There is an orchard and we see the blowing of air, breeze that is the first autumn storm. Nick picks up an apple and keeps it in his pocket. The two characters Nick and Bill are presented inside the house. They have their personal talk. The story begins with the scene of woods, lakes, kitchen, sitting room, dining room etc. In the beginning Nick is seen and the story ends with guns. They go down where Bill"s father was hunting. There are similar events between the whether and sequence of events of "The Three Days Blow". There is conflict in the character Nick. He is getting confused about his girl friend Marjorie. He wants to meet her again but Bill makes him leave her. He wants to marry her although her mother is bad. So the conflicts are similar. There is union in both weather hand love of Nick with Marjorie. Weather becomes fair and love also becomes negotiable. The story is dramatic because there are characters and dialogues and unity of time and place. There are two characters Nick and Bill who have continuous dialogues like in the drama. The setting of the story is also like a drama. There is internal and external scene. These scenes can be converted into the drama. They just talk about some little subject that is the subject matter of both drama and story. These story deals with love. Marjorie"s mother can be presented as an antagonist, Nick as a protagonist and Bill as an inciting force. So the story is dramatic. The three-day blow and Nick"s mental condition are related. Marjorie"s business is fundamental subject of the story. Nick, though he is not enjoyed with her, is going to get married. Because of her mother, he breaks relation from Marjorie, his beloved. After different kinds of talks Bill and Nick"s conversations is concentrated. Marjorie"s business has broken his relation with her easily. So moment from Nick"s conflicts of love affairs, through suffering and separation to reconciliation ends. Thus Marjorie"s business is like a three day below that comes and disappears itself. Three-day blow comes, threatens and finally goes away. In the same way, conflict of love appears and disappears with despair and again with hope. The Marjorie"s business is fundamental subject of this story. Nick, though he was not engaged with her, was going to get married. Because of her mother he broke relation from Marjorie, his beloved. His mother was very terrible. To marry her meant he would have married the whole family her mother. Though the character Bill, the writer seems to be giving practical message. Nick seems to be emotional but Bill is practical. Nick is ready to accept Marjorie although her mother was bad. He really loves her and ready to accept her. His life can be compared with the storm. The moment when he met Marjorie and he left her due to unfavorable situation that moment is just like a violent storm, which doesn"t last for long time in the nature. Bill is practical. He says Nick to forget all the events related with Marjorie and lead his wife towards new direction. Human life is a mixture of sorrow and happiness. If any disastrous event comes in our life also, we should control our emotion and lead our life towards new phase and time happily. We should have capacity to adjust with all the fluctuations that come in our life.
… sk questions to confirm his beliefs. On the other hand, he firmly believed in his mind that he would die, and wanted to do it with dignity. So, it depends on the way you look at it.
Answered
In Ernest Hemingway
A Day"s Wait by Ernest Hemingway is the story of a boy and how hismisunderstanding leads to many changes in his own mind. The boygets the flu and the doctor takes his temperat… ure. When the doctortells the boy and his father that his temperature is 102 degrees F,the boy is sure he is going to die. He had heard in France that ahuman body could not survive with a temperature over 44 degrees. Hedidn"t understand the difference in Celsius and Fahrenheit. As thefather explains the difference, the boy relaxes and drifts off tosleep. He is amazed and thankful when he wakes up the next morningand is very emotional over small things.
Has a fever. The father sends for the doctor and he diagnoses a mild case of influenza. As long as the fever doesn’t go above 104 degrees, the doctor says, the boy will be fine, and he leaves three different types of medication for the father to administer with instructions for each. Schatz’s temperature is determined to be 102 degrees.
When the doctor leaves, the father reads to Schatz from a book about pirates, but the boy is not paying attention and is staring fixedly at the foot of the bed. His father suggests he try to get some sleep, but Schatz says he would rather be awake. He also says that his father needn’t stay in the room with him if he is bothered. His father says he isn’t bothered, and after giving him his 11 o’clock dose of medication, the father goes outside.
It is a wintry day with sleet frozen onto the countryside, and the father takes the family’s Irish setter out hunting along a frozen creek bed. Both man and dog fall more than once on the ice before they find a covey of quail and kill two. The father, pleased with his exploits, returns to the house.
Upon returning home, he finds that Schatz has refused to let anyone into his room because he doesn’t want anyone else to catch the flu. The father enters anyway and finds the boy still staring at the foot of the bed. He takes Schatz’s temperature and finds it 102, as before. He tells Schatz his temperature is fine, and not to worry. Schatz says he’s not worrying, but he is thinking. When the father gives Schatz his medication, Schatz asks if he thinks the medication will help, and the father answers affirmatively.
After attempting to interest Schatz in the pirate book and failing, the father pauses, whereupon Schatz asks him when the father thinks Schatz will die. It emerges that Schatz has heard at school in France that no one can live with a temperature above 44, so Schatz thinks he is sure to die with a temperature of 102. He has been waiting to die all day.
After the father explains the difference between Fahrenheit and Celsius, Schatz relaxes, letting go of his iron self-control and the next day he allows himself to get upset over little things.
“A Day’s Wait” deals with the familiar Hemingway theme of heroic fatalism or fatalistic heroism, namely courage in the face of certain death. It is a testament to Hemingway’s skill and his dedication to this theme that he can make fatalistic heroes out of 9-year-old boys as easily as out of middle-aged has-been prizefighters on the run from gangsters and 76-year-old Spanish war refugees. The tragedy in this story is not, of course, that the hero Schatz is doomed, but that he believes himself to be doomed when he is in fact fine.
Schatz’s heroism is quietly but strikingly demonstrated in his words and actions over his day’s wait. The most dramatic manifestation of Schatz’s heroism is the difference between his demeanor during the day described by the story and his demeanor the next day. The narrator says “He was evidently holding tight onto himself about something” before the father goes out hunting, and when Schatz realizes he will be fine, “The hold over himself relaxed too, finally, and the next day it was very slack and he cried very easily at little things that were of no importance.” The little boy is stoic in the face of what he believes will be certain death; he holds his emotions in with iron self-control all day, and even suggests that his father leave the room if he is distressed to see his son dying. He also forbids anyone to come into his room out of concern for their health, even though by doing so he condemns himself to die alone.
Aside from Schatz’s own behavior, the other element of the story that makes Schatz’s heroism striking is the behavior of his father, which unintentionally worsens Schatz’s mental turmoil. Shortly after Schatz suggests that his father need not stay with him if the spectacle of his son’s death will bother him, the father leaves the house for hours to enjoy himself in the winter sunshine with the family dog, a gun, and a covey of quail. The juxtaposition of the father’s enjoyment with Schatz’s self-controlled, tragic, and solitary stoicism sharpens the reader’s sense of Schatz’s heroism.
Most Hemingway scholars believe the narrator of this story, though unnamed, is actually Nick Adams , Hemingway’s semi-autobiographical character who appears in a series of stories. Hemingway’s official biographer Carlos Baker was the first to make this claim, and the fact that original manuscripts for “Fathers and Sons ,” one of Hemingway’s confirmed Nick Adams stories, calls Adams’s boy “Schatz” seems to clinch the mater.
In order to understand the message, sent to us, the readers, in the short stories of Ernest Hemingway one needs at least to a certain point know and understand his life path, in other words - his biography. Ernest was born in Illinois, in a family of middle class parents, and his childhood, despite the strictness of his parents, can be called happy (Benson, 365). In his teen years, Ernest discovered his talent and passion to literature, and started his literary career by writing short stories for the school magazine. Hemingway graduated in 1917 and took a position of a reporter at "Kansas City Star" (Meyers). He was covering various events, having to deal with hospitals and police.
During the First World War, Ernest was working as the Red Cross driver in Italy, and this experience heavily influenced his further literary focus. During that period of time he got wounded in both legs and returned to the United States. He had to return to his journalistic activities, since he needed to earn money for living. At that time he was working for "Toronto Star". Soon he gets married and returns to Europe to start his literary work.
In the end of his life, Hemingway experienced severe mental disorders, had severe depression and despite the treatment he received, he committed a suicide.
Plot of the story
The story chosen for analysis is "a Day"s Wait" by Ernest Hemingway. The story was published in 1933 in the book "The Snows of Kilimanjaro". The story tells the reader about a boy of about nine years old and his father, who lived, or rather to say, survived through a very difficult day. Both the child and his father are waiting; however, they are waiting for quite different things.
The boy catches flu, and the doctor is being sent for. The doctor comes and prescribes three different medicines, checks the boy"s temperature and says that it is 102 degrees Fahrenheit. The boy occasionally hears those words and subconsciously prepares himself to die. He is aware of only one temperature measuring system, that being Celsius. And 102 degrees Celsius is an unbelievable high temperature. He heard once, that people do not live with the temperature of 42, now he has got 60 degrees more. This means, reflects the boy, that he is still alive due to some unknown mistake of nature, and he expects his death to come any moment. The situation is getting more and more complex. The more the boy waits for his death to come, the more severe his state becomes. He has no appetite, he does not listen to the stories told and read by his father, he is only looking at the foot of his bed, expecting his death to appear. However, the boy does not want to upset his father with the worries, which his heart is full of. He wants to cause as little trouble as possible, therefore he tries his best not to let his father know, what his concerns are all about. However, the horror would not let him concentrate on anything and in the final score the boy makes up his mind to ask his father: "How long will it be before I die?" The father did not understand the question at first, and then, after the boy explains his concern to the father, the latter takes a sigh of relief. He explains the misunderstanding to the boy. Since everything was over, the state of the boy changed drastically: "But his gaze at the foot of the bed relaxed slowly. The hold over him relaxed too, finally, and the next day it was very slack and he cried very easily at little things that were of no importance." (Hemingway).
The author pays special attention to describing the state of tension, in which both the boy and his father find themselves. The boy"s awful state is described by the words "He had been waiting to die all day, ever since nine o"clock in the morning”.
The story and the reality
Thinking about possible parallels between the story and the reality we may run into a somewhat similar situation in the author"s life. When the author was wounded twice he woke up in the hospital and heard the doctor speak of his health. He did not quite understand what it was all about, but decided, that it really meant, that the end, his death. He puts his own feelings into the character of the boy - the boy does know very well, that people do not live with the temperature much higher, then 40 degrees, but the idea does not cross his mind, that there might be various ways of measuring body temperature.
The boy shows an outstanding example of heroism: he knows, or, rather to say, strongly believes, that he is going to pass away very shortly. He is afraid of his death and he is afraid of missing the moment it comes. He is afraid of something; he is not aware of what exactly it is, something new and eternal. And there is his father, who is there to share his concerns, ready to help and willing to help. Meanwhile, the boy understands how serous his concern is and does not want to share it even with his father. He realizes, that it would be the last thing he would ask for from his father, yet, he does not want to upset him, and therefore keeps the whole concern within his soul. He is not pitiful of his own self; he just does not want to upset others around him with his horrible discovery. They have enough of their own concerns.
Works Cited
- Benson, Jackson (1989). "Ernest Hemingway: The Life as Fiction and the Fiction as Life". American Literature. Volume 61, issue 3. 354-358.
- Meyers, Jeffrey (1985). Hemingway: A Biography. New York: Macmillan.
