They moved to the kingdom of Rus' and gave rise to many Ruthenian (Old Russian, or Ukrainian) and Polish noble families. In Polish and Romanian the word literally means "Saxon" and some researchers associate the name of the coat of arms with the German-Saxon population of Semigradia - Transylvania. Hence Drag - Sas can be read as friends of the Saxons (Drag - friend, dear, beloved). According to another, not very widespread version, the word Sas (Hungarian - szasz ), translated as "eagle". The Saxons of Transylvania are also known as “Székelys” (another transformation of the name “Sax”). Transylvania at that time was part of the Kingdom of Hungary; in Chervona Rus (Galicia and Volyn) the Hungarians were called “Ugrians”. For this reason, the “Volochs” who came from Transylvania were often called “Ugrians”. The most preliminary mentions: On the lands of the Kingdom of Poland, associated with the Volosh clans (primarily with the Drag-Sas clan) - among several hundred families sealed with the Sas coat of arms, most were immigrants from Moldavia, Wallachia and Semigrad, settled back in the 13th century, and maybe even in the 12th century, in Galician Rus'. These relocations were also an attempt to create a system of protection against Tatar invasions. The first information about the Sas coat of arms as a Polish coat of arms dates back to 1253. In 1262, the Drohomireccy of the Sas coat of arms, originating from Rus', were recorded. The ancient family of Drago-Sasov came to Galician Rus' at the invitation of Prince Daniil of Galicia. In 1236, in the Carpathians, a detachment of knights joined the squad of Daniil Galitsky, under the leadership of Prince Guido from Maromorosh, on the flag of the detachment there was an arrow sign - the coat of arms "Drag - Sas", for great military merits Guid received a large land grant and subsequently married on the widow of the Grand Duke of Lithuania - Shvarno, daughter of Mindovg and sister of Voishelka, it is believed that this is how the first centers of the gentry of the Drag-Sas clan appeared in Rus'. Over the next decades, the following clans were formed: Danilovichi, Dragomiretsky, Tatomirov and Knyagenitsky, Dedushitsky. The Hungarian branch of the Drag family - Sas (Dragffi) achieves political success on the western slopes of the Carpathians and eventually become the de facto rulers of Maramoros and neighboring Szatmaru and Ugoc. The clan's territories extended from the Carpathians to Slovenia. Representatives of this family - the Maramuresh governors, the brothers Drag and Balk (Balitsa) - patronized one of the most ancient Orthodox monasteries in Rus' - the Grushevsky Monastery. Drag died in 1402, Balk in 1404. The sons of the governor Balk - Dmitry and Alexander, with a charter dated 1404, written in Church Slavonic, donated to the monastery one estate and three villages with a mill: Grushevo (Transcarpathian region), Krivoy, Teresva with fields and forests and waters, as the document says, “with all its appurtenances.” But in 1556, Prince of Transylvania Stefan Batory transferred the monastery to the Mukachevo diocese. Later, according to various sources, in 1657, 1670 or 1690, the monastery was destroyed by Catholics. Most of the families of the Sas coat of arms in the lands of Chervona Rus are predominantly eastern Galician provincial gentry. A striking example of settlement is the arrival of voivode Stefan Voloshin in Chervona Rus, who received the local nickname Rybotitsky in 1366, from the name of the town of Rybotychi (now in the Fredropol gmina, Poland), and in 1368 received from the Polish king Casimir III the count title with the prefix - "Hungarian" or "Ugr". Ukrainian historian O. Odnorezhko believes that there is no sufficient reason to consider all ancient Russian coats of arms of the 15th century, which contain figures of an arrow, crescent and stars, as a modification of the Sas coat of arms. Until the middle of the 16th century, this coat of arms served only the role of the family coat of arms of one clan, the Rybotitskys and, accordingly, their closest relatives, the clans that appeared in the 15th century: the Berestyanskys, Biskovskys, Volosetskys, Bukhovskys, Gubitskys and some others, having a common origin from Count Stefan Rybotitsky coat of arms Sas . In 1431, Count Vanchalukh received land in the Turkivshchyna (the area in the vicinity of the city of Turk, Lviv region). After a short period of time, from the main surname of the Turchanskys appear: Yavorsky, Ilnitsky, Komarnitsky and Turyansky. At the beginning of the 15th century. clans have already been formed: the Balitskys, Goshevskys, Didushitskys, Delyatinskys, Lutskys, Novoseletskys, Podgorodetskys, Tchaikovskys, etc. Similarly, in the 16th century. appear: Bachinsky, Bilinsky, Vinnytsia, Gordynsky, Zhurakovsky, Kobylyansky, Kropivnitsky, Sasy, Tarnavsky, Terletsky, Yasinsky and a number of others. The general principle of the appearance of new surnames was that they were all taken from the names of the places where the first representatives of the new surname settled.

In later Russian coats of arms, from the end of the 18th century, this basic figure also undergoes many changes. See the coats of arms of Aslonovich (IX, 135); Dmitriev-Mamonov (IV, 21; wrapped sas with a crown and crest in the shield itself); Zaplatinykh (VII, 97); Perskikh (III, 90); Tsurikovs (II, 87); Yavorskikh (II, 133); Yaminskikh (III, 71).

Famous bearers of the coat of arms

• Kirill Terletsky (? - 1607). Church and political figure, bishop of Pinsk and Tours, later of Lutsk and Ostrog. One of the initiators of the creation of the Greek Catholic Church.
• Ivan (Jan) Danilovich (1570-1668). Voivode Russian, castellan of Lvov, headman of Belz, Buzh, Chigirin. Grandfather of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth King John III Sobieski. He was buried in a tomb near his castle in Olesko.
• Job Knyagenitsky (1550-1621). Church and education activist. Founder of Manyavsky Skit.
• Ivan Vyshinsky (1550-1620?). The writer is a polemicist. defender of Orthodoxy.
• Zechariah Kopystinsky (1560? - 1627). Church and educational figure, writer. Archimandrite of the Kiev-Pechersk Monastery, author of "Palinode" - a book directed against the union.
• Yuri - Franz Kulchitsky (? - 1692). The translator for the Sich, the hero of the defense of Vienna from the Turks, saved Vienna by passing through the Turkish troops for help. He founded the first coffee shop in Europe, which became a permanent meeting place for writers, poets, artists, scientists, performers, and musicians.
• Varlaam Yasinsky (1630? - 1707). Church and educational figure, writer, Metropolitan of Kiev. Author of poems and polemical treatises.
• Stefan Jaworski (1658-1722). Church and political figure, writer, president of the Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church, protector of the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy.
• Maxim Berezovsky (1745-1777). Composer and singer. Graduate of the Bologna Academy. Author of the first Ukrainian opera “Demofont”.
• Anton Angelovich (1756-1814). Religious and educational figure. Educator and advisor to Emperor Joseph II, restorer of the Galician Greek Catholic Metropolis, author of the book “History of the Ukrainian Church.”
• Denis Zubritsky (1777-1862). Historian. ethnographer, corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.
• Modest Strelbitsky (1823-1902). Master of the Kyiv Theological Academy, Archbishop of Volyn and Zhitomir, Pochaevo-Assumption Lavra Holy Archimandrite.
• Marko Kropivnitsky (1840-1910). Playwright, director and actor. The founder of Ukrainian professional theater.
• Edvar - Jan Korczynski (1844-1905). One of the leading physicians of the 19th century. Rector of the Jagiellonian University.
• Andrei Tchaikovsky (1857-1935). Writer.
• Olga Kobylyanskaya (1863-1942). Writer.
• Solomiya Krushelnitskaya (1872-1952). Famous opera singer.
• Julian Baczynski (1870-1940). Politician and publicist. The author of the book “Ukraina irredenta”, in which he argued that the independence of Ukraine is necessary.
• Elena - Handle - Sas - Kulchitskaya (1877-1967). Artist.
• Svyatoslav Gordinsky (1906-1993). Poet, translator, literary critic, artist. Author of poetry collections and paintings of St. Sophia in Rome.
• Bogdan Drogomiretsky (1979-present). Publicist, poet. Currently employed in the oil and gas industry in Ukraine. Also participates in projects for the extraction of titanium ores and rare earth metals. He is a co-founder and consultant of several businesses.

Description of the coat of arms

There are many options for writing the coat of arms, but 9 are considered the main ones: SasI,II,III,IV,V,VI, Sas albo Ksiezys, Sas Baron, Sas Pruski. In the red field (Sas II), in the blue field (Sas I) there is a silver crescent, with its horns facing upward and having a golden hexagonal star at the ends, and an arrow flies upward from the middle of it. Above the helmet there are seven peacock feathers - a peacock tail, pierced by an arrow to the left. The coat of arms of Sas II was used by royalty and the highest aristocracy, the coat of arms of Sas I was used by the simple aristocracy - the gentry. Judging by the figure on the shield, the family distinguished itself in the fight against Muslims, in one of the first crusades. This coat of arms was known and respected among the knights of Europe, especially the French knights. The coat of arms contains an image of the margrave's crown, which corresponds to the ducal title, which indicates that there were persons of this dignity in the clan. The very first of them was Dragos Voda, a governor from Maramures, with whose name tradition associates the emergence of the Moldavian state. He reigned for two years from 1351 to 1353 and was margrave, being a vassal of the Hungarian king. The existence of the coat of arms went through two stages. At the first stage of the existence of the Sas coat of arms, persons no lower than baronial dignity belonged to it. Over time, the coat of arms began to belong to the common nobility. Crescent the coat of arms symbolizes hope, great praise, success and loyalty, was borrowed from the Saracens during the “Crusades.” Star- the pursuit of a goal, is an attribute of freedom, inspiration, ambition, and is considered a symbol inherited from the Saxons. Arrow in the coat of arms, Sas means someone who, without hesitation, took part in a battle, regardless of what its ending would be, military readiness, speed. According to one version of scientists, this coat of arms was originally used in Saxony, then in Hungary, and from the 13th century - in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Russia and Zhimoitsk and the Kingdom of Poland, especially in the Russian Voivodeship. Even before the conquest of the Kingdom of Galicia by the Polish King Casimir III, there were already clans of the Sas coat of arms in Chervona Rus; after the conquest of these lands, during the resettlement of the Volokhs, there were more of them than representatives of other coats of arms.

List of clans of the coat of arms of Sas

1. Vukry , Ukry, or Habeedile (Polish. Wukry, Ukry, Chabeedile) in a red field there are three golden rivers or three beams, of which the top one is the longest, the subsequent ones gradually decrease in the form of a staircase; above them are two crescents of the same color, one with its horns facing up, the other with its horns down, and between them is half of a golden cross. There are five ostrich feathers on the helmet. This banner began in Hungary, as its very name shows. Coat of arms of the Maksheevs (III, 98); Seletsky (III, 108).

Sas(Sas) - in a red (less often in blue) field there is a silver crescent, with its horns facing upward and having a golden hexagonal star at the ends, and an arrow flies upward from the middle of it. Above the helmet is a peacock's tail, pierced by an arrow to the left (Plate XXV, Fig. 10). This coat of arms was originally used in Saxony, then in Hungary, and from the 13th century - in Lithuania and Poland. Wed. coats of arms: Gorchinsky(wrapped Sas)(20); Msciszewski(21); Nevlin; Chudovsky and Dashkevich(22). In our coats of arms, this basic figure also undergoes many changes. See the coats of arms of Aslonovich (IX, 135); Dmitriev-Mamonov (IV, 21; wrapped Sas with a crown and crest in the shield itself); Zaplatinykh (VII, 97); Perskikh (III, 90); Tsurikovs (II, 87); Yavorskikh (II, 133); Yaminskikh (III, 71).

(20) Korona Polska. Vol. 2. P. 179.

(21) Ibid. Vol. 3. P. 318.

(22) Ibid. P. 69.

Berestyansky descendants of the coat of arms drag – sas.

Genus DRAG-SAS and his coat of arms appear in Saxony, where they are first mentioned. in the XI century the coat of arms of the family becomes known in France, Germany and Bavaria. This noble family is derived from the counts Grifichev, who at the end of the 1st millennium owned lands between the Albi and Labi rivers (? modern river Mulda and river Elbe). in X - XII centuries. The lands of the Grifichs arrived under constant pressure from the Saxons and Danes, so a large number of people went south and settled in other lands. There is a version that such a group of settlers took part in one of the first crusades. during the return from the campaign, at the request of the Hungarian crown, this detachment settles in the very center of Europe, in Marmaroshi- this is how part of the lands adjacent to the Carpathians was called until recently. here on the expansive lands of the valleys of the Tisa, Borzhava and Siret rivers lived an ancient tribe brodniks. Newly arrived knights quickly settle into new lands, here they become known as drag - sasy . The symbol of the drag-sass was the sign of an arrow in flight. This is how the history of the Ukrainian branch of the family begins. When, in 1222, the Hungarian king Andras II gave land to the west of the settlements of the Drag-Sas to the Teutonic Order (of the Blessed Virgin Mary), the first turned their attention to the east, towards Galicia-Volyn state , which pursued an expansive policy in the western and eastern directions. In 1236 a landmark transition took place Marmorosh voivode Guida to the service of Daniil Galitsky. The banner of the newly arrived detachment bore the ancestral sign of the governor - an arrow in flight, placed on the blue field of the shield, with a golden crescent and stars on its horns.

Participating in successful military campaigns against the Masurians and Yatvingians, Guid gained the special favor of Daniel, receiving as a reward a land grant and became related to the family of Daniil Galitsky. With this, he marked the beginning of the settled settlement of the Drag-Sas gentry in Galicia . In the following decades, the families of Danilovichi, Drogomiretsky, Tatomirov, and Knyaginitsky were formed - which were designated by the ancestral sign of the arrow.

The Mongol-Tatar invasion swept through the Carpathian passes and devastated the lands beyond the Carpathians. Including Marmoroshin. Only in the XIV century. drag-sassy reappears in Hungarian chronicles.

At this time, the Marmoros lands were owned by the brothers Dragos and Dragh, the third brother Bogdan was deprived of his title for disagreeing with the policies of the Hungarian king. In 1359, the no longer young Dragosh asserted royal power in the lands adjacent to Bukovina and Moldova. And in 1365, the rebellious Bogdan expelled the mayors of Dragos from the region and established the independent principality of Moldova.

In the XIV century. governors Dragash, Dragh and their brother Bogdan were Orthodox. They equipped the Orthodox churches and monasteries of Marmoroshi and founded new ones. The Draghi were also patrons of the Grushevsky Monastery, which is located near Terevi. The first mention of it is associated with the Tatars - the Mongols and dates back to 1242. For many centuries, the monastery was famous as the most ancient center for the census of Russian and Volosian manuscripts. In the 1390s, on the initiative of the Dragov, the monastery came under the jurisdiction of the Patriarch of Constantinople, and in 1404, Dmitry and Alexander Dragi gave the Grushevsky monastery new lands on which the villages of Tereva, Grushevo, Kriva stood, in which the parish was given a charter written in Cyrillic. It is one of the oldest monuments of Ukrainian writing in Transcarpathia.

In 1491, Schweipolt Fiol, a printer from Krakow, moved his printing house to the Grushevsky Monastery. There is an assumption and confirmation that the first “primer” was printed here.
generations of the heraldic family living on those lands Drag-Sas settled first in Galicia, and then throughout Ukraine, producing quite a few prominent politicians and warriors, church and educational figures, poets, writers, and musicians.

One of the large detachments among the gentry that took part in the Battle of Grunwald was a detachment over which floated a banner with a silver arrow and a golden crescent. The largest Ukrainian detachment of the gentry of the Drag-Sas family performed under this flag. In the 15th – 16th centuries, the Hungarian line of the Drag-Sas family suffered huge losses in the Hungarian-Turkish wars and finally died out after the defeat of the Hungarians near Makhach. The fate of Drag-Sasov on the eastern slopes of the Carpathians was different. Polish kings constantly ask for the protection of borders and trade routes from the nobility of the coat of arms of sas, not only from Marmoroshina, but also from other lands, from Transylvania, which in Ukraine was called voloshchina. It is not surprising that many new clans of drag-sasses trace their ancestry to ancestors, who are often called “Volokh” or “Hungrin” in documents. So in Ukraine in the 15th century. The Sasovo clans of the Berestyansky, Biskovsky, Volosets, Gubitsky, Robotitsky, Ilnitsky, Komarnitsky, Krapivnitsky, Sasov, Tarnavsky, Terletsky families appeared. Yasinsky, and in the 16th century. - Bachinsky, Bilinsky. Vinnytsia, Gordinsky, Zhurakovsky, Kobelyansky and some others.

If the Ukrainian magnate families died out back in the 17th century, then the simple nobility continues to serve their homeland, if not with the sword, then with the pen, to the present day. Representatives of the genus of the coat of arms sas:

Stanislav Orekhovsky (1513 - 1566). Ukrainian humanist of the Renaissance, publicist, author of several political treatises and anti-Turkish pamphlets.
Kirilo Terletsky (?-1607). Church and political figure, bishop of Pinsk and Turiv, of Lutsk and Ostrovsky. One of the initiators of the creation of the Greek Catholic Church.
Yov Kniaginitsky (1550-1621). Church and secular activities. The founder of the Manyavsky monastery.
Ivan Vishensky (1550? -1620?). Writer-polemicist, historian of Orthodoxy.
Zakharia Kopistensky (1560? -1627). Church and secular activist, writer. Archimandrite of the Kiev-Pechersk monastery, author of the “palinodia” - a book directly against the union.
Petro Konashevich-Sagaidachny(1570? -1622). The hetman of the registered Cossacks, who successfully fought against the Turkish Empire, was the hero of the defense of Khotin. Initiator of the entry of the Zaporozian army into the Kiev brotherhood.

Varlaam Yasinsky (1630? -1707). Church and secular activist, writer, Metropolitan of Kiev. Author of verses and polemical treatises.

Stefan Yavorsky (1658-1722). Church and political figure, writer, president of the synod of the Russian Orthodox Church, protector of the Slovenian-Greek-Latin Academy.
Maxim Berezovsky (1745-1777). Composer and singer. Graduate of the Bologna Academy. Author of the first Ukrainian opera “Demophon”.

Antin Angelovich (1756-1814). Religious and secular activist. The victor of Emperor Joseph II, the founder of the Galician Greek Catholic Metropolis, the author of the book “Annales ecclesiae ruthenae” (“History of the Ukrainian Church”).

Denis Zubrytsky (1777-1862). Historian, ethnographer, author of the history and culture of Galicia, corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.

Yuriy-osip Fedkovich (1834-1888). He sings and is a prose writer.
Marko Kropyvnytskyi (1840-1910). Playwright, director and actor. The founder of Ukrainian professional theater.

Edward-jan Korchinsky (1844-1905). One of the leading doctors of Galicia in the 19th century, rector of the Jagiellonian University.

AND van Franco(1856-1916) sings, prose writer, scholar, civil political activist.
Andriy Chaykivsky (1857-1935). Writer. Olga Kobilyanska (1863-1942). Writing.
Andrey Sheptytsky (1865-1944). Church, civil-political and social activist. Metropolitan of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church.

Solomiya Krushelnytska (1872-1952). Opera spivachka.

Yulian Bachinsky (1870-1940). Politician and publicist. The author of the book “ukraina irredenta”, in which he affirmed that the independence of Ukraine is necessary.

Olena Ruchka-Sas-Kulchytska (1877-1967). Artist.

Svyatoslav Gordinsky (1906-1993). Sings, translator, literary scholar, artist. Author of poetic collections and paintings of the Cathedral of St. Sofia in Rome.

Yuriy-Franz Kulchytsky (?-1692). Perekladach na Sich, hero of the defense of the day against the Turks. Having fallen asleep in a cave in Europe, we thereby stimulated the creativity of all subsequent generations of European writers, musicians, artists, and scientists.

The heraldic meaning worn by the coat of arms of the drags is sas. Extract from the armorial of the gentry of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (coat of arms sas).

Crescent- found among the Saracens, from whom the Turks adopted it. From them, it began to be used through the knights participating in the crusades, as a symbol of hope, great praise, also a symbol of faith, fidelity, hope, success, family happiness. In magical rituals, silver also symbolizes mystery.

Star- usually indicates a desire for a goal in the thought of the basis "per aspera ad astram." it constitutes an attribute of freedom, inspiration, and ambitious goals. The star symbolizes sublime actions, a safe guide.

Arrow- the custom of its use dates back, perhaps, to the times of the first crusades. It can mean someone who, without hesitation, took part in a battle, regardless of what its ending would be, and especially military readiness, speed.

Xin- symbolizes rightness, loyalty, constancy, sensitivity, patriotism, piety, trust.
New types of coat of arms of the family sas (fragment of the armorial of the Polish gentry).

Then about 300 more Polish noble families appeared, here are some of them:
sasem pieczetowalo sie blisko 300 polskich rodzin szlacheckich - oto niektóre z nich:
aleksandrowicz arszenic aslam aslamowicz baczanski baczewski baczynski badowski balicki bandrowski baniewicz bankowski baraniecki bardziejowicz batowski bejarski bejowski berestianski bereznicki berezowski berezanski bereznicki berezynski bibielski bielinski bieniewski biernacki bilawicz bilinski bilynski biskowski blisiewicz blazejewicz blazewicz blazowski bobaszynski boberski boczanski bodrug bodziewicz bohoziewicz bojarowski

Description of the coat of arms:
The shield, which has a blue field, depicts a yellow (golden) crescent with its horns facing upward. On each of its horns there is a golden six-pointed star, in the middle there is a silver arrow pointing upward. The shield is topped with a noble helmet with a noble Crown on it. Above the Crown is a peacock's tail, which is pierced by an arrow from the right side of the shield to the left. The mantle is blue, lined with gold. The shield may have a red field, for example in the coats of arms of SAS II and SAS Pruski. In heraldic literature there are also: SAS III, SAS IV, SAS V, SAS VI, SAS Baron, SAS albo Ksiezyc; on the Genealogia dynastyczna website the coat of arms is called Jaworski Hrabia or SAS odmiana Jaworski Hrabia*.

In addition to the Ukrainian family of Galician-Russian-Polish origin = Yavorsky - Turkish - Ilnitsky = and the surnames presented on the general diagram (icon in the center), which have a common ancestor of the Hungarian Count Vanchalukh or Vancha Volokh (Voloshin), the Drago-Sas** clan, to the coat of arms Sas is attributed to about 500 more surnames Descendants of the “Yavorskie” surname alone now live in Poland and Austria, France and Lithuania, Ukraine and Belarus, Russia and Kazakhstan, the USA, Canada, Germany and other countries. In the coat of arms of K. Nesetsky, a total of 75 surnames are mentioned. The main emblem of the coat of arms, a crescent, an arrow and a star, with some modifications, was widely used by noble families in Russian heraldry***.

History of the coat of arms:
About the Sas coat of arms, Alexander Borisovich Lakier, the author of the unique work “Russian Heraldry” (published in 1855), writes: “This coat of arms was originally used in Saxony, then in Hungary, and from the 13th century - in Lithuania and Poland.” However, many authoritative Polish historians believed that the promotion of the Sas coat of arms from Western Europe proceeded differently. So, for example, Bartosz Paprocki in the book “Coats of Arms of Polish Chivalry”, published in Krakow in 1584, refers to Albertus Strepa, who in his chronicle reports that in 1236 during the reign of Prince Dangiela [Daniil Galitsky - B . Ya.] Comitem Huyd came to Rus' [Galicia-Volynskaya, and not to Lithuania or Poland - B. Ya.] with a considerable army of Hungarians and “there” received great favors from this prince. Guid was accepted into the service by Daniil Galitsky, receiving a salary worthy of his position. At the same time, he, at the head of Hungarian and Russian troops, in alliance with Lithuania, opposed Mazovia, which was under the control of Prince Leon, and devastated its lands. The chronicle contains words that are important for substantiating what was said: it contains for the first time the name of the person who led the allied army and the banner under which he acted. “There was a great man there,” writes the Polish chronicler about Guida, “who had a banner with a crescent, two stars, and an arrow in the middle.”
Further, Paprocki says: “In my time there were many noble offspring from this family in the Russian regions” and, among others, names the house of the Danilovichs, who received their surname from the “ancestor of Daniel,” i.e., King Daniel of Galicia, who gave his wife Guida a niece with “a considerable part of his father’s inheritance,” and “baptized their first son with his own name.” Subsequently, “this house,” due to historical changes in the fate of Galicia, “was honored in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.”

K. Nesetsky, agreeing mainly with Paprocki, sets out the story as follows: “The beginning of this coat of arms comes from Saxony, hence the name Sas; from Saxony he reached Hungary, from where Count Guid, according to Wojciech Strepa, with a considerable army arrived at the Russian prince Leo and, having entered into an alliance with Lithuania, devastated Mazovia. As a reward for his knightly deeds, among other gifts, the prince gave him his close relative as his wife.” From that time on, Count Guid “settled in Rus' and became the ancestor of his descendants of different families who bear this coat of arms.”
According to Paprocki, the Guida family in the Kingdom of Hungary was rich and minted gold coins with the image of their coat of arms. He suggests that the coinage of money dates back to the time when the ancestors of this noble family occupied a high position in the state. Let us note, however, that the right to mint in the medieval era also belonged to the nobility of many other European states: Germany, England, France, etc., that is, those states “where the aristocratic class achieved exclusive rights and independence, and the kings lost supreme power over by their subjects.”****. But with the Guides it’s a different matter. Bartosz Paprocki not only designates this “high position in the state” with a meaningless phrase, he names a specific position in the government that then gave the official right to mint money with his own coat of arms - the superintendent (minister of finance) of the kingdom.
From the above it follows that the advancement of the Sas coat of arms from Western Europe to the East was different, namely: Saxony, Hungary, Galician-Volyn Rus, then Poland, Lithuania, Prussia and other states of Central and Eastern Europe.

Notes:
Descriptions of coats of arms are given according to editions: 1)Herbarz polski Kaspra Niesieckiego S.J. Wydanie Jana Nep. Bobrowicza. Toma 1-10. Lipsk, 1836-1846. 2) A.B. Lakier. Russian heraldry. M., 1990. 3) General Armorial of the noble families of the All-Russian Empire. 4) Armorial of the noble families of the Kingdom of Poland. Part I and Part II. 5)Adam Boniecki. “Herbarz Polski...”, volume VIII. Warszawa, 1905. P. 347-375.
Drawings of Polish coats of arms are given from the site: Genealogia dynastyczna – http://www.jurzak.p1/
There is another little-known coat of arms, the transformed Sas coat of arms, which was granted on February 24, 1842 to the actual state councilor Paschalsky Ignatius Frantsevich: V.K. Lukomsky and S.N. Troinitsky. “The list of families and persons whose coats of arms are approved or granted by the Russian Monarchs, as well as approved by the Governing Senate of the Provisional Government of Russia.” Ed. VIRD, St. Petersburg, 2004. P. 131.

*About the coats of arms Sas Baron and Jaworski Hrabia or Sas odmiana Jaworski Hrabia. The brothers Bobronich-Yaworski of the coat of arms were elevated to baronial and count dignity: Sas Romuald Józef, baron in 1779, count in 1782, and Michal Gabriel, baron in 1779, count in 1782 (see birth list No. 9, section I Origins. Genealogical paintings). The author does not have any drawings or descriptions of these coats of arms. The description of the coat of arms of the barons of the Russian Empire Rastavetsky is known (Andrei Rastavetsky, who came from the Rastavetsky family of the coat of arms Sas, was elevated to baronial dignity in 1781). The coat of arms of the Rastavetsky barons (see right) is included in part II of the Armorial of the noble families of the Kingdom of Poland; its description: “In a shield with a baronial crown, in a blue field, a silver crescent with its horns up; at each horn there is a golden star; above the crescent is an arrow with a red feather, the iron pointing upward. Above the baronial crown is a helmet crowned with a noble crown, with golden grilles and a gold medal on a chain. At the top of the helmet there are five peacock feathers, similar to those in a shield, pierced by an arrow to the left. The mantle is blue, lined with silver on the right and gold on the left.”
**An interesting look at the history of the Drago-Sas family can be found at: http://www.umoloda.kiev.ua/number/97/163/2879/ and website: http://www.ooyava.com/sas/
*** About the right of noble families of Russia to borrow individual elements of coats of arms from Polish heraldry or completely without any changes, A. B. Lakier explained this: “These coats of arms were the property of other Slavic lands, and therefore could not be alien to the Russians, who, wishing to place certain emblems in their coat of arms, as well as to express some idea, were consistent with how the same thing was expressed among other Slavic peoples and what heraldic form was given to the figure in Polish heraldry, which collected from everywhere Slavic banners. Rus' participated no less than others in the compilation of this, so to speak, heraldic building, and therefore it had every right to borrow from this source,” which is confirmed, for example, by the history of the Sas coat of arms.
****"The Age of the Crusades." Edited by E. Lavisse and A. Rambaut. M.:AST; SPB.: Polygon. 2007
*****The chart of the family names of Count Vanchalukha (icon above) was received by email. mail 04/19/2014 from Mikhail Mikhailovich Vysochansky-Yankovic - a descendant of the Vysochansky family of the Sas coat of arms and is included additionally in this edition. articles as of interest to researchers. Scheme (presumably) from the book by Bronislav Minkovich Visochansky: “Visochansky. Family nest and row. 1380 – 1943″, ed. Lvov, 1944 (translation from Polish by Yuri Vatsik - 2010).

(? - 1607). Church and political figure, bishop of Pinsk and Tours, later of Lutsk and Ostrog. One of the initiators of the creation of the Greek Catholic Church.

Abstract on the topic:

Sas (coat of arms)

Plan:

Introduction

• 1 Famous bearers of the coat of arms
• 2 Description of the coat of arms
• 3 List of clans of the coat of arms of Sas
Literature

Introduction

Sas(Polish) Sas) - Russian-Voloshsky and Polish noble coat of arms, known in Chervona Rus since the middle of the 13th century. The initial form of "Drag - Sas". It is believed that the coat of arms came to Hungarian, Polish and other lands during the period of resettlement of the Volokhs. Today it is impossible to know the origin of the word Sas. One of the hypotheses says that the name was formed from the battle cry, or from the name of Marmaroshsky (the name of the region in Transcarpathia) of the governor Sas (1354-1358), the son of the Hungarian governor in Marmarosh, governor Dragos, whose descendants after 1359 moved to the kingdom of Rus' and gave rise to many Ruthenian (Russian, or Ukrainian) and Polish noble families. In Polish, this word literally means “Saxon” and some researchers associate the name of the coat of arms with the German-Saxon population of Semigradia - Transylvania. Hence Drag - Sas can be read as friends of the Saxons (Drag - friend, dear, beloved). According to another, not very widespread version, the word Sas (Hungarian - szasz ), translated as "eagle". The Saxons of Transylvania are also known as the Székelys (another transformation of the name Saxon). Transylvania at that time was part of the Kingdom of Hungary; in the Chervono-Russian lands, the Hungarians were called “Ugrians.” For this reason, the newcomers from Transylvania, the Volokhs, were often called the Ugrians. The most preliminary mentions: On the Polish lands associated with the Volosh clans (primarily with the Drag-Sas clan) - among several hundred families sealed with the Sas coat of arms, most were immigrants from Moldova, Voloshi and Semigrad, settled back in the 13th century, and maybe even in XII century, in Galician Rus'. These relocations were also an attempt to create a system of protection against Tatar invasions. The first information about the Sas coat of arms as a Polish coat of arms dates back to 1253. In 1262, the Drohomireccy of the Sas coat of arms, originating from Rus', were recorded. The ancient family of Drag-Sas came to Galicia at the invitation of Prince Daniil of Galicia. In 1236, in the Carpathians, a detachment of knights joined Daniel’s squad, under the leadership of Prince Guid from Maromorosh, on the flag of the detachment there was an arrow sign - the coat of arms “Drag - Sas”, for great military merits Guid received a large land grant and married the widow of Daniel’s brother, It is believed that this is how the first centers of the Drag-Sas gentry appeared in Galicia. Over the next decades, the following clans were formed: Danilovichi, Dragomiretsky, Tatomirov and Knyagenitsky. The Hungarian branch of the Drag family - Sas (Dragffi) achieves political success on the western slopes of the Carpathians and eventually become the de facto rulers of Maramoros and neighboring Szatmaru and Ugoc. The clan's territories extended from the Carpathians to Slovenia. Representatives of this family - the Maramuresh governors, the brothers Drag and Balk (Balitsa) - patronized one of the most ancient Orthodox monasteries in Ukraine - the Grushevsky Monastery. Drag died in 1402, Balk in 1404. The sons of the governor Balk - Dmitry and Alexander, with a charter dated 1404, written in Church Slavonic, gave the monastery one estate and three villages with a mill: Grushevo, Krivoy, Teresva with fields, forests and waters, like the document says “with all the appurtenances.” But in 1556, Prince of Transylvania Stefan Batory transferred the monastery to the Mukachevo diocese. Later, according to various sources, in 1657, 1670 or 1690, the monastery was destroyed by Catholics. Most of the families of the Sas coat of arms in the lands of Chervona Rus are predominantly eastern Galician provincial gentry. A striking example of settlement is the arrival of voivode Stefan Voloshin to Chervona Rus, who took the nickname Rybotitsky here in 1366. , from the name of the town of Rybotyche, and in 1368 received the count title “Hungarian” or “Ugr” from the Polish king Casimir III. Ukrainian historian O. Odnorezhko believes that there is no sufficient reason to consider all Russian coats of arms of the 15th century, which contain figures of an arrow, crescent and stars, as a modification of the Sas coat of arms. Until the middle of the 16th century, this coat of arms served only the role of the family coat of arms of one clan, the Rybotitskys and, accordingly, their closest relatives, the clans that appeared in the 15th century: the Berestyanskys, Biskovskys, Volosetskys, Bukhovskys, Gubitskys and some others, having a common origin from Count Stefan Rybotitsky coat of arms Sas . In 1431, Count Vanchalukh received land in the Turkov region. After a short period of time, people from the main surname of the Turchanskys appear: Yavorsky, Ilnitsky, Komarnitsky and Turyansky. At the beginning of the 15th century. clans have already been formed: the Balitskys, Goshevskys, Didushitskys, Delyatinskys, Lutskys, Novoseletskys, Podgorodetskys, Tchaikovskys, etc. Similarly, in the 16th century. appear: Bachinsky, Bilinsky, Vinnytsia, Gordynsky, Zhurakovsky, Kobylyansky, Kropivnitsky, Sasy, Tarnavsky, Terletsky, Yasinsky and a number of others. The general principle of the appearance of new surnames was that they were all taken from the names of the places where the first representatives of the new surname settled.

1. Famous bearers of the coat of arms

• Kirill Terletsky (? - 1607). Church and political figure, bishop of Pinsk and Tours, later of Lutsk and Ostrog. One of the initiators of the creation of the Greek Catholic Church.
• Jan (Ivan) Danilovich (1570 - 1668). Voivode Russian, castellan Lvov, headman Belz, Buzh, Chigirin. Grandfather of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth King John III Sobieski. He was buried in a tomb near his castle in Olesko (Lviv region in Ukraine).
• Job Knyagenitsky (1550-1621). Church and education activist. Founder of Manyavsky Skit.
• Ivan Vyshinsky (1550-1620?). The writer is a polemicist. defender of Orthodoxy.
• Zechariah Kopystinsky (1560? - 1627). Church and educational figure, writer. Archimandrite of the Kiev-Pechersk Monastery, author of "Palinode" - a book directed against the union.
• Peter Konashevich - Sagaidachny (1570? - 1622). Hetman of the registered Cossacks, hero of the defense of Khotyn from the Turks. Initiator of the entry of the Zaporozhian Army into the Kiev Brotherhood.
• Yuri - Franz Kulchitsky (? - 1692). The translator for the Sich, the hero of the defense of Vienna from the Turks, saved Vienna by passing through the Turkish troops for help. He founded the first coffee shop in Europe, which became a permanent meeting place for writers, poets, artists, scientists, performers, and musicians.
• Varlaam Yasinsky (1630? - 1707). Church and educational figure, writer, Metropolitan of Kiev. Author of poems and polemical treatises.
• Stefan Jaworski (1658-1722). Church and political figure, writer, president of the Synod of the Orthodox Russian Church, protector of the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy.
• Maxim Berezovsky (1745-1777). Composer and singer. Graduate of the Bologna Academy. Author of the first Ukrainian opera “Demofont”.
• Anton Angelovich (1756-1814). Religious and educational figure. Educator and advisor to Emperor Joseph II, restorer of the Galician Greek Catholic Metropolis, author of the book “History of the Ukrainian Church.”
• Denis Zubritsky (1777-1862). Historian. ethnographer, corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.
• Marko Kropivnitsky (1840-1910). Playwright, director and actor. The founder of Ukrainian professional theater.
• Edvar - Jan Korczynski (1844-1905). One of the leading physicians of the 19th century. Rector of the Jagiellonian University.
• Ivan Franko (1856-1916). Poet, prose writer, social activist. Geopolitical figure.
• Andrei Tchaikovsky (1857-1935). Writer.
• Olga Kobylyanskaya (1863-1942). Writer.
• Andrey Sheptytsky (1865-1944). Church, socio-political and educational figure. Metropolitan of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church.
• Solomiya Krushelnitskaya (1872-1952). Famous opera singer.
• Julian Baczynski (1870-1940). Politician and publicist. The author of the book “Ukraina irredenta”, in which he argued that the independence of Ukraine is necessary.
• Elena - Handle - Sas - Kulchitskaya (1877-1967). Artist.
• Svyatoslav Gordinsky (1906-1993). Poet, translator, literary critic, artist. Author of poetry collections and paintings of St. Sophia in Rome.

2. Description of the coat of arms

Coat of arms of Sas I

There are many options for writing the coat of arms, but 9 are considered the main ones: SasI,II,III,IV,V,VI, Sas albo Ksiezys, Sas Baron, Sas Pruski. In the red field (Sas II), in the blue field (Sas I) there is a silver crescent, with its horns facing upward and having a golden hexagonal star at the ends, and an arrow flies upward from the middle of it. Above the helmet are seven peacock feathers - a peacock tail pierced by an arrow to the left. The coat of arms of Sas II was used by royalty and the highest aristocracy, the coat of arms of Sas I was used by the simple aristocracy - the gentry. Judging by the figure on the shield, the family distinguished itself in the fight against Muslims, in one of the first crusades. This coat of arms was known and respected among the knights of Europe, especially the French knights. The coat of arms contains an image of the margrave's crown, which corresponds to the ducal title, which indicates that there were persons of this dignity in the clan. The very first of them was Dragos Voda, a governor from Maramures, with whose name tradition associates the emergence of the Moldavian state. He reigned for two years from 1351 to 1353 and was margrave, being a vassal of the Hungarian king. The existence of the coat of arms went through two stages. At the first stage of the existence of the Sas coat of arms, persons of no lower than baronial dignity belonged to it. Over time, the coat of arms began to belong to the common nobility. Crescent the coat of arms symbolizes hope, great praise, success and loyalty, was borrowed from the Saracens during the “Crusades.” Star- the pursuit of a goal, is an attribute of freedom, inspiration, ambition, and is considered a symbol inherited from the Saxons. Arrow in the coat of arms, Sas means someone who, without hesitation, took part in a battle, regardless of what its ending would be, military readiness, speed. According to one version of scientists, this coat of arms was originally used in Saxony, then in Hungary, and from the 13th century - in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Rus and Zhimoit and the Kingdom of Poland, especially in the Rus' voivodeship. Even before the conquest of the Kingdom of Galicia by the Polish King Casimir III, there were already clans of the Sas coat of arms in Chervona Rus; after the conquest of these lands, during the resettlement of the Volokhs, there were more of them than representatives of other coats of arms.