Russian history test on the topic:
"Rus inXIII- XVcenturies"
Option #1
You must choose the correct answer.
1. Edigei’s raid on Rus' happened in:
A) 1408 B) 1380 C) 1425 D) 1480
2. In what year did the Battle of the City River take place?
3. What dates are related to events related to the struggle of the Moscow Principality with the Horde?
a) 1325, 1327, 1339; b) 1378, 1380, 1382;
c) 1301, 1333, 1367, d) 1374, 1389, 1395
4. Who was the enemy of the Novgorod army in the Battle of the Neva?
a) Danes; b) German knights; c) Swedes; d) Mongol-Tatars.
5. Who commanded the Horde troops in the battle onKulikovfield?
a) Tokhtamysh; b) Nogai; c) Mamai; d) Batu.
6. In what year was St. George’s Day introduced:
A) 1425 B) 1497 B) 1389 D) 1505
7. The final annexation of Novgorod took place in:
A) 1497 B) 1359 B) 1478 D) 1425
8. Which event happened later than the others:
A) Batu’s capture of Ryazan; B) battle on Kalka;
B) siege of Kozelsk; D) the defeat of Volga Bulgaria by Batu.
9. Which of the following events occurred inXIVV.
A) Battle of Kulikovo B) adoption of the Law Code of Ivan III
C) the battle on the Kalka River D) the conquest of Tver.
10. The main rival of the Moscow principality in the struggle for supremacy in North-Eastern Rus' was
A) Ryazan Principality B) Tver Principality
IN) Novgorod land D) Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod principality
11. Indicate your name:
A) Khan, who captured and burned Moscow in 1382.
B) the monk who blessed Prince Dmitry Donskoy to fight the Horde;
C) the ruler and commander who defeated Khan Tokhtamysh.
D) the son of Vasily II, who ruled the Moscow state.
12.Arrange the following events in chronological order. Write down the resulting abbreviation of letters.
A) battle on the Ugra River B) Ice battle
C) Battle of Kulikovo D) battle on the Vozha River.
13. Establish a correspondence between the names of contemporaries.
1) Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky; a) Khan Uzbek;
2) Ivan Danilovich Kalita; b) Khan Tokhtamysh;
3) Dmitry Ivanovich Donskoy; c) Khan Batu;
4) Vasily I Dmitrievich, d) emir Tamerlane (Timur);
d) Khan Akhmat.
14. Write down the founder of the Moscow dynasty, the years of his reign.
1) “Horde Exit” - 2) Code of Law of Ivan III - 3) Baskaki -
Option No. 2
Choose the correct answer to test task. Write down the letter.
1. What lands were annexed to the Moscow Principality in 1301-1303 years?
a) Smolensk, Novgorod, Tver; b) Mozhaisk, Kolomna, Pereyaslavl;
c) Ryazan, Murom, Tula; d) Rostov, Yaroslavl, Suzdal.
2. Which prince supported popular uprising in Tver in 1327?
a) Ivan Danilovich; b) Mikhail Yaroslavich;
c) Dmitry Ivanovich; d) Alexander Mikhailovich.
3. What was the dependence of Russian lands on the power of the Mongol-Tatar khans?
a) in the participation of troops of Russian princes in the Mongol campaigns in Asia;
b) in the direct control of the Mongol governors over the Russian principalities;
c) in paying tribute to the khans and establishing Russian princes on their thrones;
d) in the division of Russian principalities between Mongol tribes.
4. Which of the Russian lands is characterized by a republican system?
a) Kyiv land; b) Smolensk land;
c) Novgorod land; d) Galicia-Volyn land.
5. Define chronological sequence events.
a) “Standing on the Ugra”;
b) the beginning of the reign of Ivan III;
c) the annexation of Novgorod to the Moscow Principality;
d) battle on the Sheloni River.
6. Which of the Moscow princes first took the title “Grand Duke of All Rus'”?
a) Dmitry Donskoy; b) Vasily the Dark; c) Ivan III; d) Vasily III.
7. Reasons for the rise of Moscow among other Russian lands (indicate the wrong answer):
a) favorable geographical location
b) the skillful policy of the Moscow princes
c) union of Moscow and Novgorod
d) support of the church
8. Under which ruler the process of unifying the lands around Moscow was almost completed:
a) under Vasily II the Dark b) under Ivan III
c) under Vasily I d) under Ivan Kalita.
9. In what year did the Battle of the Kalka River take place?
a) in 1238; b) in 1236; c) in 1223; d) in 1240
10. Which of the named events occurred inXIIIV.?
a) Battle of Kulikovo b) Battle of the Sheloni River
c) Battle of the Neva d) introduction of St. George’s Day
11. Which event happened later than the others:
a) the capture of Kyiv by Batu b) the battle on the Vozha River
c) publication of the Code of Laws by Ivan III d) Battle of the Ice
12. . Match the dates and events:
2) 1238 b) standing on the river. Eel
3) 1480 c) Battle of Kulikovo
4) 1382 d) annexation of Tver to Moscow
5) 1485 e) Tokhtamysh’s campaign against Moscow.
13. Indicate your name:
A) the leader of the Novgorod boyars, who sought to preserve the independence of the republic.
B) the prince who suppressed the uprising against the Horde in Tver in 1327.
IN) Lithuanian prince- Mamai's ally against the Moscow prince.
D) father of Ivan Kalita.
14. Write down the name of the prince under whom the church capital moved from Vladimir to Moscow, the years of his reign
15. Decipher historical concepts:
1) “St. George’s Day” 2) label 3) orders.
Option 1
11. a) Tokhtamysh
b) Sergius of Radonezh
c) Tamerlane (Timur)
d) Ivan III
13. 1-c, 2-a, 3-b, 4-d.
14. Daniil Alexandrovich (1276-1303)
15. 1) The Horde exit is the tribute that Rus' paid to the Golden Horde.
2) Code of Laws of Ivan III - the first set of Russian laws centralized state, adopted in 1497.
3) Baskaks - representatives of the khan, tribute collectors in Rus', who kept order.
Option 2
12. 1-c, 2-a, 3-b, 4-d, 5-d
13. a) Marfa Posadnitsa (Boretskaya)
b) Ivan I Kalita
c) Jagiello
d) Daniil Alexandrovich
14. Ivan I Kalita (1325-1340)
15. 1) “St. George’s Day” is the time of transition of peasants from one landowner to another. Established in 1497: the week before and the week after November 26th.
2) yarlyk - khan's charter, giving the right to reign in the Russian principalities.
3) orders - central authorities public administration in the Russian state, those in charge of a special type of state affairs or certain areas of the state. Appeared at the end of the 15th century.
References
Introduction
The period of the XIII – XV centuries is very important for the history of our country. It is at this stage that Rus' begins to actively restore its strength after Batu’s pogrom, population growth occurs, and it develops intensively feudal land tenure. The struggle to overthrow the yoke of the Golden Horde became the main national task in Rus', which led to the strengthening of integration processes.
When writing the work, we set ourselves following goals– to trace the development of historical and cultural processes that took place in Rust in the 13th – 15th centuries. Identify their main milestones and the reasons that prompted these processes.
Our objectives are: to consider the characteristics of socio-economic and political development Russian lands during the period feudal fragmentation, studying the reasons that led to the fall Tatar-Mongol yoke, consideration of the main stages in the formation of the Moscow state.
1. Features of the socio-economic and political development of Russian lands during the period of feudal fragmentation.
By the end of the 12th century, the fall of Kyiv became completely obvious. This magnificent city, which aroused the surprise of foreigners with its beauty and wealth, began to become poorer and deserted. The population of Kyiv and the surrounding Dnieper volosts began to look for other places to settle, fleeing from the Polovtsian devastation and princely strife. It went more and more often to the west, towards the Carpathian Mountains, or to the north, to forest area Vyatichi and further beyond it, into the so-called “zalesye” on the upper and middle Volga. And so, on the outskirts of the Russian land, to replace the old Kyiv, by the 13th century, new centers of state life appeared.
The Mongol-Tatar invasion could not break the trends economic development Rus'. However, both in Southern and Northern Rus' during the second half XIII century the growth of crafts and rural production paused. According to Russian chronicles, immediately after the conquest of Rus', the restoration of crafts began. The constant mention of “masters” in Mongol-Tatar labels and their active participation in veche meetings indicate their numbers and importance as a social stratum. At the same time, during this period there was a process of a certain primitivization of crafts and even the disappearance of some complex industries, which was combined with an increase in the production of simple products.
In the second half of the 13th century popular performances were extremely insignificant. These were mainly acts of resistance to tribute collectors, for example in Novgorod in 1257 and 1259, and in a number of cities of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality in 1262. In 1289, an uprising broke out in Rostov, which had a pronounced anti-Tatar orientation. These uprisings contributed to the abolition of the practice of tax farming.
The beginning of the 14th century left its mark on the history of the future Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian peoples. Actually Russian state began to form on the basis of the Grand Duchy of Vladimir, the Ukrainian and Belarusian peoples became part of the Polish-Lithuanian state. Starting from the first decades of the 14th century, speaking about the Russian state, we will mean only North-Eastern Rus' and state entities, grown on its basis.
However, the first division of lands took place under Vladimir Svyatoslavich; from his reign, princely feuds began to flare up, the peak of which occurred in 1015-1024, when only three of Vladimir’s twelve sons remained alive. Divisions of land between princes and strife only accompanied the development of Rus', but did not determine one or another political form government organization. They did not create a new phenomenon in political life Rus'. Economic basis And main reason feudal fragmentation is often considered subsistence farming, the consequence of which was the lack of economic ties.
The essence of feudal fragmentation is that it was new form state-political organization of society. It was this form that corresponded to the complex of relatively small feudal worlds not connected with each other and the state-political separatism of local boyar unions.
The first reason for feudal fragmentation was the growth of boyar estates and the number of smerds dependent on them. The 12th and early 13th centuries were characterized by further development boyar land ownership in various principalities of Rus'. IN different lands In Rus', economically powerful boyar corporations began to take shape, striving to become sovereign masters of the lands where their estates were located. They wanted to administer justice to their peasants themselves and receive fines from them. Many boyars had feudal immunity (the right of non-interference in the affairs of the estate), "Russian Truth" determined the rights of the boyars. However Grand Duke sought to retain full power in his hands. He interfered in the affairs of the boyar estates, sought to retain the right to judge the peasants and receive vir from them in all the lands of Rus'. The Grand Duke, considered the supreme owner of all the lands of Rus', and their supreme ruler continued to regard all princes and boyars as his own service people, and therefore demanded that they participate in the numerous campaigns he organized. These campaigns often did not coincide with the interests of the boyars and tore them away from their estates. The boyars began to feel burdened by serving the Grand Duke, which led to numerous conflicts. The contradictions between the local boyars and the Grand Duke of Kyiv led to the former’s increased desire for political independence. The boyars were also driven to this by the need for their own, close princely power, which could quickly implement the norms of the “Russian Truth”, since the power of the grand ducal virniks, governors, and warriors could not quickly real help boyars of lands remote from Kyiv. The strong power of the local prince was also necessary for the boyars in connection with the increased resistance of the townspeople and smerds to the seizure of their lands, enslavement, and increased extortions.
The increase in clashes between the smerds and townspeople and the boyars became the second reason for feudal fragmentation. The need for princely power locally, the creation state apparatus forced local boyars to invite the prince and his retinue to their lands. But when inviting the prince, the boyars were inclined to see in him only a police force and military force, not interfering in boyar affairs. The princes and squad also benefited from such an invitation. The prince received a permanent reign, his land patrimony. The squad was also pleased. Princes and warriors had the opportunity to receive a stable rent-tax. At the same time, the prince, having settled in one land or another, as a rule, was not satisfied with the role that the boyars assigned to him, but sought to concentrate all power in his hands, limiting the rights and privileges of the boyars. This inevitably led to a struggle between the prince and the boyars.
The third reason for feudal fragmentation was the growth and strengthening of cities, as new political and cultural centers. During the period of feudal fragmentation, the number of cities in Russian lands reached 224. Their economic and political role, as the centers of this or that earth. It was on the cities that the local boyars and the prince relied in the fight against the great Prince of Kyiv. The increasing role of the boyars and local princes led to the revival of urban veche meetings. The veche, a unique form of feudal democracy, was a political body. In fact, it was in the hands of the boyars, which excluded real decisive participation in the government of ordinary townspeople. The boyars, controlling the veche, tried to use the political activity of the townspeople to their advantage. Very often the veche was used as an instrument of pressure not only on the great, but also on the local prince, forcing him to act in the interests of the local nobility. Thus, cities, as local political and economic centers that gravitated towards their lands, were a stronghold for the decentralization aspirations of local princes and nobility.
The reasons for feudal fragmentation should also include the decline Kyiv land, caused by constant Polovtsian raids and the fact that the power of the Grand Duke, whose land patrimony decreased in the 12th century, was somewhat shaken.
Rus' broke up into 14 principalities, and a republican form of government was established in Novgorod. In each principality, the princes, together with the boyars, “thought about the land system and the rath.” Princes declared wars, made peace and various alliances. The Grand Duke was the first (senior) among equal princes. Princely congresses have been preserved, where issues of all-Russian politics were discussed. The princes were bound by a system of vassal relations. It should be noted that for all the progressiveness of feudal fragmentation, it had one significant drawback. Constantly subsiding, then flaring up with new strength strife between the princes depleted the strength of the Russian lands and weakened their defense capability in the face of external danger. The collapse of Rus' did not, however, lead to the collapse Old Russian people, a historically established linguistic, territorial, economic and cultural community...
In the 13th century, the center of political life in Rus' moved to the northeast, where the Vladimir-Suzdal principality came to the forefront. And here there was a struggle between individual princes. Meanwhile, such a disaster was approaching Rus', in the face of which close unity was especially necessary. In 1223 in southern steppes a new strong enemy appeared - the Tatar-Mongols. The battle with them on the Kalka River on June 16, 1223 ended in the defeat of the Russians.
In 1237, the Tatar-Mongols undertook new trip to Rus'. Many cities were devastated and burned - Ryazan, Moscow, Vladimir, Suzdal, Rostov and others. In 1240, Kyiv was captured by the Tatar-Mongols. The Tatar-Mongol yoke was established over the Russian land, lasting almost two and a half centuries. This yoke, says Marx, “... not only crushed, but insulted and withered the very soul of the people who became its victim.
The Tatar-Mongol yoke had an extremely unfavorable effect on the development of culture in Rus', greatly slowing down its growth. Western Europe owed its salvation to the Russian people, who, at the cost of heavy sacrifices, prevented the Tatar-Mongols from advancing further. “Russia had a high destiny,” wrote Pushkin, “its vast plains absorbed the power of the Mongols and stopped their invasion at the very edge of Europe; The barbarians did not dare to leave enslaved Rus' in their rear and returned to the steppes of their East. The resulting enlightenment was saved by a torn and dying Russia.”
The Tatar-Mongols were not the only enemies with whom the Russian people fought in defense of their homeland. In the north-west and the same XIII century it was necessary to fight with German knights and their allies - the Swedes, who attacked the lands of Novgorod and Pskov, where the Tatar-Mongol hordes did not penetrate.
The fight against enemies was carried out by the Russian people throughout the XIII-XIV centuries.
The largest event in this struggle was the Battle of Kulikovo (September 1380). The brilliant victory over the Tatars, won by Russian troops, led by the Moscow prince Dmitry Donskoy, was the first step towards the liberation of Rus' from the Tatar-Mongol yoke. The Russians became confident that the Tatars were not invincible, that it was possible complete liberation from the hated yoke. This victory showed that rallying the forces of the Russian people is the key to successful fight with enemies. The Battle of Kulikovo greatly increased the authority of the Moscow prince, the organizer of the victory. The all-Russian significance of Moscow became clear.
Effective preparation for the Unified State Exam (all subjects) -
The history of Russia in the 13th century was marked mainly by the struggle against external invasions: the southwestern Russian lands were invaded by Batu Khan, and the northeastern one faced danger coming from the Baltic states.
By the beginning of the 13th century it was providing strong influence to the Baltic states, yes Polotsk land and established close contacts with its inhabitants, which consisted mainly of collecting tribute from the local population. However, the Baltic lands also attracted German feudal lords, namely representatives of the German spiritual knightly orders. The invasion of the southeastern Baltic states by the German crusading knights (they were so called because they had a cross on their clothing) began after the Vatican declared crusade to these lands.
In 1200, the crusaders, led by the monk Albert, captured the mouth of the Western Dvina, and a year later they founded the Riga fortress, and Albert became the first Archbishop of Riga. The Order of the Sword Bearers was also subordinate to him (on the cloaks of these knights there was an image of a sword and a cross), which in Rus' was simply called the Order or Livonian Order.
The population of the Baltic states resisted the invaders, because Instilling Catholicism with the sword, the crusaders exterminated the local inhabitants. Rus', fearing the attack of the crusaders on its lands, helped the Baltic states, pursuing its own goals - to maintain influence on these lands. Local population supported the Russians, because tribute collected by Polotsk and Novgorod princes, was preferable to the dominance of the German knights.
Meanwhile, Sweden and Denmark were active in the eastern Baltic. On the site of modern Tallinn, the Danes founded the Revel fortress, and the Swedes wanted to establish themselves on the coast of the Gulf of Finland, on the island of Saarema.
In 1240, a Swedish detachment under the command of one of the king’s relatives appeared in the Gulf of Finland and, having passed along the Neva River, stood at the mouth of the Izhora River, where a temporary camp was set up. The appearance of the Swedes was unexpected for the Russians. At that time, the 19-year-old son of Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, great-grandson, Alexander, ruled. During 1239, he erected fortifications on the Sheloni River, south of Novgorod, fearing an attack from this side by the Lithuanian prince Mindaugas.
However, having received news of the Swedish attack, Alexander and one squad decided to go on a campaign. The Russians unexpectedly attacked the Swedish camp on July 15, 1240.
The Swedes were defeated and fled, losing the opportunity to establish themselves on the banks of the Neva and Lake Ladoga, and Alexander Yaroslavovich received the nickname “Nevsky”, with which he entered the.
However, the threat from the Livonian knights remained. In 1240, the Order captured (which became possible due to the treason of the mayor), Izborsk, and the Novgorod fortified settlement of Koporye. In Novgorod, the situation was complicated by the fact that after the Battle of the Neva, Alexander quarreled with the Novgorod boyars and went to Pereyaslavl to visit his father. But soon the Novgorod veche again invites him to the throne due to the strengthening of the German threat. The boyars' decision turned out to be correct; Alexander recaptured Koporye from the Order in 1241, and then. On April 5, 1242, a famous battle, which, due to the events that took place, was called the Battle of the Ice. Mother Nature came to the aid of the Russians. Livonian knights were clad in metal armor, while Russian warriors were protected by plank armor. As a result, the April ice simply collapsed under the weight of the armored Livonian horsemen.
After winning the Lake Peipsi The Order abandoned attempts to conquer Russian lands and plant in Rus' " true faith" went down in history as a defender of Orthodoxy. The Mongols, unlike the German knights, were religiously tolerant and did not interfere in religious life Russians. That's why Orthodox Church perceived the Western danger so keenly.
In 1247, Prince Yaroslav, son of Vsevolod, died Big Nest. The Grand Duke's throne was inherited by his brother Svyatoslav. However, the sons Yaroslava-Alexander Nevsky and Andrei are not satisfied with the state of affairs and come to the Horde to receive a label to reign. As a result, Alexander receives the Grand Duchy of Kiev and Novgorod, and Andrei receives the principality. Svyatoslav tried to defend his rights, but achieved nothing and died in 1252.
In the same year, Alexander, dissatisfied with this division of power, comes to the Horde to inform the khan that Andrei is withholding part of the tribute from him. As a result, Mongol punitive troops moved to Rus' and invaded Pereyaslavl-Zalessky and Galicia-Volyn land. Andrei fled to Sweden, and Alexander became the Grand Duke.
During his reign, Alexander sought to prevent anti-Mongol protests. In 1264 the prince dies.
The great reign was in the hands younger brothers Prince Yaroslav Tverskoy, and then Vasily Kostromsky. In 1277, Vasily dies, and the son of Alexander Nevsky, Dmitry Pereyaslavsky, receives Principality of Vladimir. But after 4 years, his brother Andrei Gorodetsky receives a label from the khan to reign and drives Dmitry out of Vladimir. It begins between brothers fierce fight for reign.
In order to gain the upper hand over each other, the brothers turned to the help of the Mongols, as a result, during their reign (from 1277 to 1294), 14 cities were devastated (the Pereyaslavl principality-patrimony of Dmitry and many regions of North-Eastern Rus' suffered especially badly , outskirts of Novgorod.
In 1294, Dmitry Alexandrovich died. Eight years later, his son Ivan died childless. Pereyaslavl passed to the youngest of the sons of Alexander Nevsky - Daniil of Moscow.
Thus, the 13th century in the history of Russia is one of the bloodiest centuries. Rus' had to fight simultaneously with all enemies - with the Mongols, with the German knights, and besides, it was torn apart by the internal strife of the heirs. For 1275-1300 The Mongols made fifteen campaigns against Rus', as a result the Pereyaslavl and Gorodets principalities weakened, and the leading role passed to new centers - and.
The most comprehensive reference table main dates and events in the history of Russia from the 13th to the 14th centuries. This table It is convenient to use for schoolchildren and applicants for self-study, in preparation for tests, exams and the Unified State Examination in history.
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Main events of the 13th -14th century |
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Trade agreements of Novgorod with German Hanseatic cities |
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Formation of the Galicia-Volyn principality |
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Capture by the Order of the Swordsmen (founded in 1202) of the lands of the Livs, Estonians, Semigallians and others in the Baltic states |
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The campaign of the Galician-Volyn prince Roman Mstislavich against the Polovtsians |
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1205 – 1264 intermittently |
Reign in Galich and Volyn of Daniil Romanovich |
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The first chronicle evidence of Tver |
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Division of the Vladimir-Suzdal land between the sons of Prince Vsevolod the Big Nest |
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The Great Reign of Yuri Vsevolodovich in the Vladimir-Suzdal Land. |
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Battle on the river Lipice. Victory of Prince Konstantin Vsevolodovich over the brothers Princes Yuri and Yaroslav in the struggle for the Great Reign of Vladimir |
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Founding of Nizhny Novgorod by the Grand Duke of Vladimir Yuri Vsevolodovich in the land of the Mordovians - an outpost for the fight against Volga Bulgaria |
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The defeat of the Russian-Polovtsian squads on the river by the Tatars. Kalka |
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Capture of Yuriev, a Russian fortress in the Baltic states, by the Order of the Swordsmen |
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Posadnichestvo in Novgorod by Stepan Tverdislavich - a supporter of orientation towards Vladimir |
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Reign of Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky in Novgorod |
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Invasion of Mongol-Tatar troops led by Khan Batu into Rus' |
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Destruction of Ryazan by the Mongol-Tatars |
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The capture and destruction by the Mongol-Tatars of Kolomna, Moscow, Vladimir, Rostov, Suzdal, Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Uglich, Galich, Dmitrov, Tver, Pereyaslavl-Zalessky, Yuryev, Torzhok and other cities of North-Eastern Rus' |
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The defeat of the united army of the princes of North-Eastern Rus' in the battle with the Mongol-Tatars on the river. Sit. Death of the Grand Duke Vladimirsky Yuri Vsevolodovich |
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The Great Reign of Yaroslav Vsevolodovich in Vladimir |
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Invasion of Batu's troops into the South Russian lands. The destruction of Pereyaslavl and Chernigov |
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Capture by the Knights of the Livonian Order (founded in 1237 as a result of the merger Teutonic Order and the Order of the Sword) of the Russian fortresses of Izborsk, Pskov, Koporye |
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1240, Sep. – Dec. |
Siege and capture of Kyiv by Batu's troops |
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Battle of the Neva. The defeat of the Swedish army by the army of Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky |
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The defeat of the knights of the Livonian Order on Lake Peipus by the army of Prince Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky (“Battle on the Ice”) |
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State formation Golden Horde(Ulus Jochi) |
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The Great Reign of Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky in Vladimir |
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Population census ("number") organized by the Mongol-Tatars with the aim of introducing a centralized tax system |
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Uprising in Novgorod against the population census |
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Establishment of an Orthodox diocese in the capital of the Golden Horde - Sarai |
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Uprisings in Rostov, Suzdal, Vladimir, Yaroslavl against Mongol-Tatar tribute collectors and tax farmers; the collection of tribute was transferred to the Russian princes |
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Agreement between the Grand Duke Vladimirsky Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky and the Grand Duke of Lithuania Mindaugas about the joint struggle with the Livonian Order |
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The Great Reign of Yaroslav Yaroslavich Tver in Vladimir |
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Participation of Russian princes in the campaigns of the Golden Horde in the Caucasus, Byzantium, Lithuania |
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Campaign to Livonia and the victory of the troops of Pskov, Novgorod, Vladimir-Suzdal over the German and Danish knights at Rakovor |
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The Livonians' campaign against Pskov. Peace with the Livonian Order. Stabilization western borders Novgorod and Pskov |
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Between 1276 and 1282 – 1303 |
The reign of Daniil Alexandrovich in Moscow. Founding of the first Danilov Monastery in the vicinity of Moscow (circa 1282) |
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1281 – 1282, 1293 – 1304 with breaks |
The Great Reign of Andrei Alexandrovich Gorodetsky in Vladimir |
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The reign of Mikhail Yaroslavich in Tver; Grand Duke of Vladimir (1305 – 1317) |
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Relocation of Metropolitan Maxim from Kyiv to Vladimir-on-Klyazma |
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Annexation of Kolomna and Mozhaisk to Moscow |
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The reign of Yuri Danilovich in Moscow. The beginning of the struggle between Moscow and Tver for the great reign |
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The campaign of Prince Mikhail of Tver and the Horde army against Novgorod. Defeat of the Novgorodians at Torzhok |
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The Great Reign of Yuri Danilovich of Moscow in Vladimir |
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Murder of Prince Mikhail Tverskoy in the Horde |
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Reign in Tver of Dmitry Mikhailovich Terrible Eyes |
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The foundation of the Oreshek fortress at the source of the river by Prince Yuri of Moscow and the Novgorodians. Neva |
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The murder of Prince Yuri of Moscow by Prince Dmitry Tversky in the Horde. Execution of Dmitry Tverskoy by order of Khan Uzbek |
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The Great Reign in Moscow of Ivan I Danilovich Kalita; from 1328 – Grand Duke of Vladimir |
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Moving to Moscow from Vladimir Metropolitan Peter |
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The Great Reign of Alexander Mikhailovich Tverskoy |
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Construction of the Assumption Cathedral in Moscow |
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Uprising in Tver against the Horde |
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Construction of the Archangel Cathedral in Moscow |
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Murder of Prince Alexander Mikhailovich Tverskoy in the Horde |
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The Great Reign of Simeon Ivanovich the Proud of Moscow |
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Founding of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery by Sergius of Radonezh |
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Treaty of Pskov and Novgorod on recognition of the independence of the Pskov Republic |
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Plague epidemic |
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The Great Reign in Moscow and Vladimir of Ivan II the Red |
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Installation of Alexy, a native of a Moscow boyar family, to the Russian Metropolis |
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The Great Reign of Dmitry Ivanovich Donskoy; from 1362 - Grand Duke of Vladimir |
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Construction stone Kremlin in Moscow |
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Reign of Mikhail Alexandrovich in Tver |
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1368, 1370, 1372 |
Campaigns of the Grand Duke of Lithuania Olgerd to Moscow |
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The appearance in Novgorod of the Strigolnik heresy, who advocated the conduct of divine services by the laity |
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Uprising in Nizhny Novgorod against the Horde |
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The campaign of Prince Dmitry Ivanovich to Tver. Refusal of Tver's claims to the great reign of Vladimir |
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Compilation of the Laurentian Chronicle |
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Victory of the Moscow-Ryazan army over the Horde on the river. Vozhe |
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Baptism of Zyryans (Komi) by Stefan of Perm |
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Battle of Kulikovo. Victory of the united Russian army led by Grand Duke Dmitry Ivanovich Donskoy over Horde army Mamaia on the Kulikovo Field (at the confluence of the Nepryadva River and the Don River) |
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Hike Tatar-Mongol army led by Khan Tokhtamysh to Moscow. Siege and destruction of Moscow and other cities of North-Eastern Rus' |
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First mention firearms in Rus' |
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The beginning of coinage in Moscow |
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The Great Reign of Vasily I Dmitrievich in Moscow |
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Annexation of the Nizhny Novgorod-Suzdal and Murom principalities to Moscow |
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The defeat of the Golden Horde by the troops of Timur (Tamerlane). The ruin of the outlying lands of Rus'. Destruction of Yelets |
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Transfer of the Icon of Our Lady of Vladimir to Moscow |
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Establishment vassalage Smolensk from Lithuania |
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Annexation of the Novgorod possessions - Bezhetsky Verkh, Vologda, Veliky Ustyug to Moscow |
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Reign of Ivan Mikhailovich in Tver. Strengthening Tver |
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Late 14th century |
Annexation of Komi lands to Moscow. The march of the Moscow army to Volga Bulgars and taking their capital |
