How to solve task 12 of the Russian Unified State Exam. Main uses of negative particles

Determine the sentence in which NOT is spelled together with the word. Open the brackets and write down this word.

Getting a meeting with the ambassador was not at all easy.

On the wall hung a Persian carpet with a not at all flashy ornament.

They wished Alexander that every new day of his life would be (dis)similar to the previous ones.

Masha played a very beautiful melody on the piano by a composer (un)known to me.

The table was (not) cleared.

Explanation (see also Rule below).

Here's the correct spelling:

Getting a meeting with the ambassador was not at all easy.

On the wall hung a Persian carpet with a not at all flashy ornament.

They wished Alexander that every new day of his life would be different from the previous ones.

Masha played a very beautiful melody on the piano by a composer unknown to me.

The table was not cleared.

Answer: UNKNOWN.

Answer: unknown

Rule: Continuous and separate spelling of NOT and NI with different parts of speech. Task 13

Spelling NOT and NOR.

According to the specification, a task of this type checks:

− the ability to distinguish a NOT particle from a NI particle;

− ability to distinguish the prefix NOT from the prefix NI;

− the ability to write together or separately NOT with all parts of speech.

In this regard, we draw attention to the fact that the conditions of tasks, depending on its goals, may vary significantly. At the same time, we also note that in standard Unified State Examination tasks (authors Tsybulko I.P., Lvov, Egoraeva) only the ability to write together or separately NOT with different parts of speech is tested, but in tasks by other authors, including Senina, MMIO (StatGrad) There are also tasks to choose between NOT and NOR. The editors of RESHUEGE also consider it necessary to expand the types of this task within the specifications of the current year.

We also draw your attention to the fact that a number of rules by which spelling is checked are not taught in the school course. Such rules are marked with *.

12.1 Combined and separate spelling of particles NOT and NI.

The particle is not written separately:

1) If there is or is implied opposition with names, adverbs and participles.

It is necessary to distinguish between direct opposition, in which one of the two features, called adjectives, is denied, and the second is affirmed, and opposition with a concessive shade of meaning, in which both features, called adjectives, are attributed to the subject, i.e. there is opposition, but without negation .

Wed: The lake is not deep, but shallow (the attribute “deep” is denied and the attribute “shallow” is affirmed). - The lake is shallow, but wide (both attributes are affirmed: “both shallow and wide”; “although shallow, but wide”) .

1) This is not happiness, but grief. The river is not shallow (deep). You are not my friend. They walked not quickly, but slowly. Not a silent, but a growing rumble.
2) *With adjectives, adverbs starting with -o and participles, words starting with -my, if the opposition is implied and the negation is strengthened by the words:

a) not at all, not at all, far from, not at all, not at all;

b) negative pronominal words: not at all, not at all, no one, no one, no one, never, nowhere, no, no, nothing, nothing, nothing, etc.

For convenience of explanation, we call them negatives and amplifiers.

a) This is not true at all; This case is not at all unique; This is by no means obvious; She is far from brave; He is not at all stupid; It's no fun talking about it; Not at all embarrassed; She is not at all more educated than her husband;

b) The case is in no way suitable; A worthless project; He's not my friend; not at all envious, not needed by anyone, not in any way useless, good for nothing, incapable of anything, not interesting in any way; He is not at all more beautiful than his sister;

3) *With short adjectives that are not used in full form.3) not happy, should not, is not right, not visible, does not intend, is not disposed, is not ready, is not obliged, is not needed, does not agree.
4) With full participles in the presence of dependent words (except for words of degree intensifiers, see the list) or opposition (as a general rule)4) Fields of rye that had not yet been harvested could be seen. Not a laughing, but a crying child.
4) *With verbal adjectives formed from imperfective transitive verbs using the suffixes -em-, -im- only if there is a dependent word in the instrumental case. Otherwise, they will not be participles, but will be verbal adjectives.4) The subject I didn’t like was to be taken this year.
5) With verbs, gerunds, short participles, with numerals, conjunctions, particles, prepositions:5) was not, could not, without recognizing, not ordered, not removed, not one, not five, not that... not that, not only, not above us.
6) *With adverbs and words of the state category

a) to a comparative extent

b) in the role of a predicate impersonal predicate

6) moved no louder, spoke no faster

I don't need it, she doesn't need it

7) in negative pronouns with a preposition with stress7) not with anyone, not in anything, not about anyone
7) in negative pronouns with a preposition without stress7) with no one, in nothing, about anyone

12.2 Continuous spelling of NOT and NOR.

The particle is not written together:

1) If the word without NOT is not used.A) Nouns: fable, tumbler, ignorance, ignorant, adversity, unseen, invisible, slave, scoundrel, touchy, ailment, forget-me-not, hatred, bad weather, problems, fidget, slob, foolish, loser, unchrist;

b) adjectives and adverbs formed from them: careless, inconspicuous, irrevocable, unharmed, inevitable, unchanging, absurd, necessary, invincible, unceasing, inseparable, unspeakable, never-ending, unceasing, undoubted, incomparable, awkward, unfortunate, clumsy, intolerable, unshakable, indisputable, indomitable; careless, absurd, necessary, undoubtedly;

V) verbs: to dislike, to dislike, to be indignant, to be unwell, to be unwell, to hate, to be unwell, to be unable to, to be perplexed, to be unable to come, to be numb;

G) adverbs and other unchangeable words: unbearably, unbearably, unbearably, unknowingly, by chance, inadvertently, impossible, inadvertently, really, reluctantly; despite, despite (prepositions)

2) *NOT part of the prefix NEDO, which gives verbs the meaning of incompleteness, insufficiency compared to some norm.” The same rules also apply to participles formed from verbs with the prefix NEDO. The prefix UNDER- is often antonymous with the prefix OVER-: under-salt - over-salt, under-full - over-full, under-full - over-fill, under-over-transfer.2) The child really missed the care of his parents. During the war, children were UNDERFOODED and LACKED OF SLEEP. Rozhdestvensky believed too much in his own abilities, considering himself a genius, but underestimated the abilities of his opponent.
3) With nouns, adjectives, adverbs ending in -o, -e, when a new word, a new concept is formed, often with a negative quality.3) misfortune (trouble), not easy (difficult), not easy, ugly, not far (close), nearby
4) *In combination with adjectives and adverbs, words denoting the degree of quality: very, extremely, very, extremely, clearly, quite (pretty much), sufficiently, blatantly, exclusively, extremely do not affect continuous or separate writing, therefore it is NOT written together.

For convenience of explanation, we call them strengths and degrees.

4) A very unpleasant incident. A completely uninteresting game was invented. He spoke rather incomprehensibly.
5) With full participles in the absence of dependent words or *when dependent words are intensifiers5) We walked along the unlit streets of the town. I made a completely rash decision.
6) *In verbal adjectives formed from intransitive verbs or transitive verbs of the perfect form using the suffixes -em-, -im-. These are not participles, since participles with the suffixes -em, -they should only be of the imperfect form, they are the present tense.6) unfading, inexhaustible, irreconcilable, insurmountable, indomitable, inexhaustible, indestructible.
7) in negative and indefinite pronouns and adverbs, depending on the stress, E or I, but together.7) nobody-nobody, nothing-nothing, nobody-nobody, nothing-nothing, nowhere-nowhere, nowhere-from-nowhere, no-no-nothing, no-time-never.

12.3. The particles NOT and NI differ in meaning:

To correctly select the particles NOT and NI, their semantic differences should be taken into account. Let's display them in tables.

Main uses of negative particles

The particle is NOT usedNI particle is used
1) to express negation:

There were no letters or telegrams.

Brother doesn't look like a liar.

It’s not the moon or the stars that interest me, but only meteorites.

1) to strengthen the negation expressed by the particle NOT

There were no letters or telegrams.

The brother does not look like a deceiver or a joker.

I'm not interested in the stars or the moon.

2) to express a statement with a connotation of obligation (double negative):

He couldn't help but call.

We couldn't help but notice.

2) to express quantitative negation:

There's not a cloud in the sky.

Not a drop of dew in my mouth.

3) to express impossibility in impersonal sentences:

You won't be able to catch up with the crazy three!

There will be no war or fire!

3) for emotional expression of prohibition, order, obligation:

Not a step back!

Not a sound! Not a day without a line!

4) when expressing uncertainty, fear or admiration:

Aren't you my guest?

No matter how cold the frost hits!

Why not a hero!

4) to express uncertainty:

He is neither old nor young, neither fat nor thin (cf.: He is either old or young).

In phraseological units: Neither this nor that, neither fish nor fowl.

5) in interrogative and exclamatory sentences when expressing an underlined statement:

Who hasn’t cursed the stationmasters, who hasn’t scolded them!

(A. Pushkin)

Isn't it true that we have become wiser?

With your condition, how can you not get married? (L. Tolstoy)

5) in subordinate clauses with a generalized intensifying meaning (with allied words: whoever.., whatever.., wherever.., etc.).

Whatever the child enjoys, as long as he doesn’t cry.

Whenever you ask him, he won’t mince his words.

Complex cases of distinguishing between NEI and NOT

1.In subordinate clauses. Compare:
Does NOT express negation:

When my brother didn't come, everyone felt bored.

There are no wars where soldiers do not die.

NI expresses the statement with a touch of generality:

Whenever my brother came, he always brought excitement and joy.

Wherever soldiers die, they should be remembered and honored.

2. In revolutions not one and none; not once and not once. Compare:
Does not express negation:

Not one of us (that is, many) was ready for the ascent.

More than once (i.e. many times) I had to meet a wild beast.

Neither expresses increased negation:

Neither of us (that is, no one) was up to the climb.

Not once (that is, never) have I encountered a wild animal.

3. In pronominal phrases. Compare:
Expressive phrases with NOT contain the meaning of hidden opposition and are used in affirmative sentences (cf.: no one else, but..)

None other than a woodpecker was knocking dully in the forest.

Before us was nothing more than an ancient cave.

These phrases are used in negative sentences and serve to strengthen the negation: no one... not; nothing... not:

No one else could have led us to the right path.

Nothing else but music captivated me so much.

Remember!

Compound amplification turns with particle ni:

at all costs, no matter what, wherever, wherever, as if nothing had happened, etc.

Spelling varies Not with verbal adjectives -my and with participles -my; if there are explanatory words, the first ones are written together (like denominate adjectives), the second ones are written separately, for example:

A) uninhabited since ancient times the island insoluble crystals in water, indistinguishable figures of people in the dark;

b) reserves not visited by hunters, unreadable non-specialist magazines, not my favorite mother child.

To adjectives on -my include words formed from intransitive verbs (for example: independent, waterproof, fireproof) or from perfective verbs (for example: incorrigible, impracticable, indestructible). These words are subject to general spelling rules. Not with adjectives, i.e. they are written together and with explanatory words (see examples above), as well as in a short form (for example: island uninhabited, disease incurable, these countries are economically independent). However, the rule of writing adjectives separately with Not, if explanatory words are pronouns and adverbs starting with neither, or combinations far from, not at all, not at all(see above, paragraph 6, note 1. subparagraph 2), for example: with nothing incomparable the impression is that countries are not dependent on anyone, by no means insoluble crystals; This is a phenomenon neither from life nor from art irreparable. The exception is words that, without Not not used, for example: by no one invincible army, for no one incomprehensible case, under no circumstances unique experiment.

Note.

It is necessary to distinguish between spelling Not with words on -my, formed from imperfective transitive verbs: such words can be either passive present participles or adjectives (in the first case, written with Not separate, in the second - merged). They are participles if the instrumental case of the actor, or less often the instrumental case of the instrument (the so-called instrumental) is used as an explanatory word; in the presence of other explanatory words, they become adjectives (they lose the meaning of passiveness and the meaning of time and acquire a qualitative meaning). Wed: not my favorite mother child - unloved in childhood, games (in the second case, the word unloved indicates a constant sign, means approximately the same as “unpleasant”, “undesirable”); movement, uninhibited by air - invisible from the Earth side of the Moon.

Adjectives of this type include: invisible, irresponsible, inflammable, inextinguishable, immovable, indivisible, unforgettable, unvisible, unchangeable, unloved, unthinkable, untaxed, unalienable, untranslatable, untransferable, unknowable, unverifiable, unconjugated, intolerant, etc. Cf. their writing with explanatory words: indivisible by three number, unforgettable for us to meet, through invisible tears to the world, unthinkable in the recent past records, indescribable in simple words of feeling, unverifiable accounts from a long time ago, impassable mud in the spring, unyielding in Russian nouns, intolerant word with NOT -adjective. In the rules for writing NOT with adjectives, there is NO clause about dependent words and their influence on separate and combined spelling. But there is a clause “replaced by a synonym - which means write together. We replace: unknown - (in context) NEW for me.

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Task 12 of the Unified State Exam in the Russian language Spelling NOT and NI (together or separately?)

NOT is written together: 1) When a word without NOT is not used, 2) With nouns, if NOT gives it a new, opposite meaning, 3) With full and short adjectives and with adverbs ending in -o(-e), if NOT used to express of the opposite meaning, 4) With full participles, in which there are no explanatory words: unfinished work (but not completed work on time), 5) With pronouns not separated from NOT by a preposition, 6) In the verbal prefix under-, denoting non-compliance with the norm.

NI is written together: 1) In pronouns, if NI is not separated by a preposition 2) In adverbs never, nowhere, nowhere, from nowhere, in any way, not at all, not at all, not at all, not at all and in the particle anything.

NOT written separately: 1) With verbs and their participle forms, 2) In the short form of participles and in the full form, when the participle contains explanatory words or there is/implies opposition, 3) In nouns, adjectives, adverbs, when there is or implies opposition, 4) With intensifying adverbs, prepositions and conjunctions, 5) With all words written with a hyphen.

Example 1: Identify a sentence in which NOT is spelled CONTINUOUSLY with the word. Open the brackets and write down this word. There was a time when man was (not) the master of nature, but its obedient slave. The required book was (not) found. The river was (not) wide and shallow. The introductory word is grammatically (un)related to other words in the sentence. They (didn’t) believe him.

Example 2: Identify a sentence in which NOT is spelled CONTINUOUSLY with the word. Open the brackets and write down this word. I didn’t want to think now about the (un)fulfilled promise yesterday. The birds are driven south by the (not) coming cold, but by the lack of food. The keys have still (not) been found. The sun, not yet hidden by the clouds, illuminates the dark cloud. Somewhere here, a few steps away, the (un)forgettable trills of a nightingale and silence were heard.

Example 3: Identify a sentence in which NOT is spelled CONTINUOUSLY with the word. Open the brackets and write down this word. Not at all an antique, but a very modern hat! We have reached our goal, but our journey is (not) over. Young trees withered on the roots, (not) reaching the light. There was a piercing, (un)touched silence. The gate was (not) locked, and the door to the house was wide open

Example 4: Identify a sentence in which NOT is spelled CONTINUOUSLY with the word. Open the brackets and write down this word. There was (not) anything strange in his words. I was upset by a friend’s (im)polite remark. The rains continued for a long time, and I was (un)prepared for the wet weather and got wet to the skin. This is a (not) made up story, but a story that actually happened. Not at all offended.

Example 5: Identify a sentence in which NOT is spelled CONTINUOUSLY with the word. Open the brackets and write down this word. M. Vrubel created a fabulously symbolic image of girlish beauty, freshness, mystery and majesty (not) fading over the years. The Don at the crossing point is far (not) wide, only about forty meters. According to Bazarov, the role of society is more important than the influence of an individual: “Correct society, and there will (not) be diseases.” Somewhere here, a few steps away, the (un)forgettable trills of a nightingale were heard, and the silence was filled with wondrous sounds. Bunin depicts in the story an (un)defined personality, but an established social type.

Example 6: Identify a sentence in which NOT is spelled CONTINUOUSLY with the word. Open the brackets and write down this word. The exploits of our great-grandfathers are (not) forgotten by us. Longboats loaded with watermelons with (not) high sides stretch along the Volga. Completely alone, he stood for a minute, (not) daring to move on. The child was very small, so he (could not) reach the shelf with books. Chekhov wrote about unremarkable people.

Example 7: Identify a sentence in which NOT is spelled CONTINUOUSLY with the word. Open the brackets and write down this word. That heart (not) learns to love, which is tired of hating. A (not) high arc appeared in the east, interrupted only in one place. (Had it not been for a random witness, the incident at the hotel would have been hidden). (Not) looking at the cook, Anna Pavlovna gave him many orders and again fixed her gaze on the road. A man was waiting in Kirsanov’s office, (not) willing to give his name.


1.

In the depths were visible the round leaves of water lilies that had (NOT) HAPPENED to reach the surface of the water. (Paustovsky K.)

He decided, (NOT) DELAYING, to explore the dungeon. (Badigin K.)

Vasily and his group were met by an elderly (UN)SHAVED artillery sergeant. (Karpov V.)

The weather was really (NOT) AS warm as yesterday. (Rybin A.)

I definitely (Didn’t) WANT to go to Matveevka. (Golubev G.)


2. Determine the sentence in which NOT is spelled together with the word. Open the brackets and write down this word.

A shell hit (NOT) CLOSE, I had to sit down. (Karpov V.)

The high school student, (NOT) FINISHED, got up and went out into the corridor. (Paustovsky K.)

The general (DID NOT) ANSWER anything, only nodded understandingly. (Belyaev A.)

Achkasov had been to this regiment (NOT) TIMES already. (Belyaev A.)

What could it be? The metal is yellowish, but not at all (NOT) LOOKING like gold, light, dull. (Golubev G.)


3. Determine the sentence in which NOT is spelled together with the word. Open the brackets and write down this word.

The proximity of the Neva (NOT) REFRESHED the hot air. (Nikitin N.)

That year, winter was late, only in the second half of November a dry, fierce wind bound the river with bluish ice and scratched the (NOT) snow-clad ground with deep cracks. (Gorky M.)

A fine, (NOT) SPRING-like annoying rain was drizzling. (Alekseev M.)

Borisov was (NOT) TALL, but broad-shouldered. (Belyaev A.)

Because of the fluffy snow on the road, you couldn’t even hear your own steps. (Tendryakov V.)


4. Determine the sentence in which NOT is spelled together with the word. Open the brackets and write down this word.

The commissioner frowned and answered (NOT) IMMEDIATELY. (Karpov V.)

The vestibule was (NOT) HEATED, and the guards were wearing greatcoats, hats, and hoods. (Akunin B.)

The boys looked, (NOT) CONCERNED, at each other. (Gaydar A.)

Makhova's lodge really turned out to be (NOT) NOTHING other than a log hut surrounded by spinning. (Soloukhin V.)

The boilers are NOT (NOT) CLEANED. (Paustovsky K.)


5. Determine the sentence in which NOT is spelled together with the word. Open the brackets and write down this word.

We lived in dugouts for six months. Kurbeev ate only bread, I also (DID NOT) EAT. (Turgenev I.)

(NOT) TIMES we saw the brown backs of moose hiding in the bushes and swamps. (Sokolov-Mikitov I.)

Having shoved the boring papers into the table, I pulled on my (NOT)DRY coat in the morning, wrapped a damp scarf around my throat and, raising my collar, went out into the street. (Golubev G.)

On the porch, (NOT) MOving, an old man sat and stared at the newcomer. (Ryss E.)

A book read (IN)TIME can forever take away your taste for yourself. (Alexin A.)


6. Determine the sentence in which NOT is spelled together with the word. Open the brackets and write down this word.

Lena missed her grandfather, to whom she had become very attached, and Kolya was (NOT) ONLY sad, but also scared. (Ryss E.)

(NOT) FEAR, but rage gripped the united detachments of Semeika, Ankudinov, and Popov. (Severov P.)

After strict discipline at the school, the lieutenants were overcome by a feeling of complete freedom and (NON)DEPENDENCE. (Karpov V.)

The stroller, (NOT) speeding up, gently rolled onto the wooden deck of the bridge. (Panteleev A.)

There was (NOT) a patch of snow visible on the streets, the dirty dough was replaced by wet, shiny pavement and fast streams. (Tolstoy L.)


7. Determine the sentence in which NOT is spelled together with the word. Open the brackets and write down this word.

The horse walked at a pace, trying (NOT) TO SLIP. (Paustovsky K.)

Bim, as if on command, lay down, (NOT) LOOKING AWAY from the bird... (Troepolsky G.)

Mitenka involuntarily tucked his feet under the chair, as he remembered that the shoes were (NOT) CLEAN. (Romanov P.)

And Styopka said that Pinkerton lives in their house, and this is (NOT) ANYONE other than Aunt Avdotya - the landlady. (Belykh G.)

The entire faculty was proud of Victor then. It was (NOT) FOR FREE that the teachers unanimously noted his abilities. (Granin D.)


8. Determine the sentence in which NOT is spelled together with the word. Open the brackets and write down this word.

A gray-haired, wrinkled old man with a long (UN)SHAVED chin and a hanging mustache entered. (Romanov P.)

The children are (NOT) EXCITED with delight. (Fedoseev G.)

Ivan Ivanovich was mistaken - (NOT) EVERY dog can be bought for bait. (Troepolsky G.)

Grigory Vasilyevich walked home (NOT) IN A HURRY. (Titov V.)

The driver stopped the dancing trotter, who had not managed to get excited. (Fedin K.)

Task number 12 tests graduates’ ability to correctly use the particles “not” and “neither”. Students are asked to write down a word that satisfies a certain condition: for example, one with which “not” is spelled together. This task, for which you can get one primary point, causes difficulties for many, so we advise you to familiarize yourself with the theory below.

Theory for task No. 12 of the Unified State Exam in Russian

Continuous writingWith all the words that are not used without "not"Hate, it’s impossible, really, adversity, ignorant, unkind, inclement, indignation
With words for which you can find a synonym without “not”Untruth (=lie), enemy (=enemy), not difficult (=easy),
With opposition expressed by the conjunction “but”The city is small but beautiful.
With adverbs of measure and degree: absolutely, more than, very, extremely, extremely, so much, very, completely, almost, too, completely, extremelyQuite a difficult task, completely unsuited, too unsure of himself
With short adjectives, if full ones are also written together with “not”Low (not tall)
With verbal adjectives with suffixes “eat/im”Tireless, inexhaustible, unfading, indestructible
With indefinite and negative pronouns without prepositionsNothing, no one, something
With verbs with the prefix “nedo” and gerunds formed from themLack of sleep, unfinished work; unslept, unfinished
With full participles without dependent wordsUnbloomed, unmelted
With adverbs ending in “o/e”, for which you can find a synonym without “not”, and negative adverbsStupid (=stupid), ugly (=scary); no time, nowhere
In the conjunction “despite the fact that”
In the particle “really”
In prepositions “despite/despite”
Separate writingWith opposition expressed by the conjunction “a”Not long, but short; not smart, but stupid
With relative and possessive adjectivesThe chain is not gold, the coat is not my mother’s
With short adjectives, if full ones are also written separately with “not”The book is not interesting, the road is not long
In the presence of words that strengthen negation - with negative adverbs and pronounsNot known to anyone, not loved by anyone, not at all beautiful
If there are explanatory words: far, not at all, not at allNot expensive at all, not interesting at all
With adjectives denoting taste and color, as well as with adjectives in the comparative degreeNot red, not sweet; not tastier, not hotter
In questions with logical underlining of negationIsn't this my book? Isn't this a new house?
With short adjectives that do not have a full formShould not, is not obliged, does not intend, is not right, is not visible, is not ready, does not agree, is not inclined
With numeralsNot two, not eighteen
With indefinite and negative pronouns, when “not” is separated from the next word by a prepositionNo one, no need, nothing to talk about
With verbs with the prefix “to” and a negation in front of it, denoting an action that was not completed, and with all other verbsDon't finish listening to the opera, don't finish reading the book; did not run, did not participate
With participles that can be used without “not”Without thinking, without reading
With full participles in the presence of dependent wordsNot delivered on time, did not show up for the meeting
With short participlesThe letter was not written, the parcel was not sent
With adverbs ending in “o/e”, with the contrastive conjunction “a”Not fun, but sad; not smart, but stupid
In the presence of explanatory words: far from, not at all, not at all, not at allNot at all beautiful, not at all interesting, far from funny
With adverbs that do not end in “o/e”; with adverbs written with a hyphenNot always; not our way, not our comradely way
With coordinating conjunctionsNot that, not that
With particles other than “is it really”Not only
With non-derivative prepositionsNot from, not under

It is written seamlessly in phrases such as: no one else, nothing else

No one else could do it; nothing else was important to me.

It is written separately when used for:

  • strengthening negation in sentences without a subject

There wasn't a soul around.

  • strengthening the affirmative meaning after the words who, what, how, where

Wherever I go, I meet people I know.

  • strengthening of negation expressed “not/no”

There's not a cloud in the sky.

  • stable expressions: neither alive nor dead, neither more nor less, neither more nor less, neither hearing nor spirit, neither here nor there, neither one nor the other, neither light nor dawn, etc.

Algorithm for completing the task

  1. We carefully read the task.
  2. We analyze each sentence, opening brackets in accordance with the spelling norms of the Russian language.
  3. Write down the correct answer.

Analysis of typical options for task No. 12 of the Unified State Examination in the Russian language

Twelfth task of the demo version 2018

  1. The son’s (IN)AUDIBLE answer aroused suspicion, and the father was forced to ask a few more questions.
  2. Vasilisa returned home, (NOT) HAVING done the most important thing: she did not learn anything about Andrei’s fate.
  3. Former students, in shabby overcoats, with still (NOT) HEALED wounds, returned to their families.
  4. In the story by I.S. Turgenev's "Unhappy" hero speaks about the impression that a sonata made on him, which he had (NOT) HEARD before.
  5. (NOT) RECOGNIZING their purpose, the heroes of A.P.’s plays. Chekhov often live their lives meaninglessly.

Algorithm for completing the task

  1. We carefully read the task.
    • The son's indistinct answer aroused suspicion, and the father was forced to ask a few more questions. – NOT is written together, since the word can be replaced with a synonym without NOT – vague answer.
    • Vasilisa returned home without having time to do the most important thing: she did not learn anything about Andrei’s fate. – We do NOT write separately, since NOT with gerunds is written separately.
    • Former students, in shabby overcoats, with wounds that had NOT yet HEALED, returned to their families. - We do NOT write separately, since it refers to the participle with the dependent word YET.
    • In the story by I.S. Turgenev's "Unhappy" hero speaks about the impression that a sonata made on him, which he had NOT HEARD before. –
    • NOT RECOGNIZING their purpose, the heroes of A.P.’s plays. Chekhov often live their lives meaninglessly. – NOT with gerunds is written separately.
  2. Write down the correct answer: slurred.

First version of the task

Algorithm for completing the task:
  1. We carefully read the task.
  2. We analyze each sentence, opening brackets in accordance with the spelling norms of the Russian language:
    • He is younger, but you can’t tell: he is no longer lower than his older brother.- In the first case, NOT with a verb is written separately, in the second, NOT with a comparative degree of an adjective is written separately.
    • This is by no means a fictional story. – NOT written separately when there is an explanatory word not at all.
    • It was difficult to get the cat out of the tree: it didn’t react to “kitty-kitty.” NOT with verbs is written separately.
    • Your participation in the Olympiad is not necessary, although I would advise you to try your hand.- NOT with adverbs ending in O/E is written together if it is possible to find a synonym for them without NOT: voluntarily.
    • Europe emerged from the First World War crippled not only physically, but also morally.- NOT written separately, since it is part of the union NOT ONLY, BUT ALSO.
  3. Write down the correct answer: optional.

Second version of the task

Determine the sentence in which NOT is spelled together with the word. Open the brackets and write down this word.

  1. We (had) no one to turn to for help.
  2. It was (not) more than a joke.
  3. Rudolf Diesel's dream was (not) ice, the production of which the company was engaged in, and flame - he dreamed of improving the internal combustion engine designed by August Otto.
  4. I love young potatoes: they (don’t) need to be peeled.
  5. In this theory, (immature) minds found everything they wanted: a lot of criticism of the foundations, which seemed convincing to them.
Algorithm for completing the task:
  1. We carefully read the task.
  2. We analyze each sentence, opening brackets in accordance with the spelling norms of the Russian language:
    • We had no one to turn to for help.- NOT with indefinite and negative pronouns is written separately if there is a preposition between them.
    • It was nothing more than a joke.- NOT is written separately in the expression NO MORE THAN.
    • Rudolf Diesel's dream was not ice, which the company was producing, but flame - he dreamed of improving the internal combustion engine designed by August Otto.- NOT written separately, since the sentence contains a contrast with the conjunction A.
    • I love young potatoes: they don’t need to be peeled.- NOT written separately with adverbs on O/E.
    • In this theory, fragile minds found everything they wanted: a lot of criticism of the foundations, which seemed convincing to them. NOT written together with participles without dependent words.
  3. Write down the correct answer: fragile.

Third version of the task

Algorithm for completing the task:
  1. We carefully read the task.
  2. We analyze each sentence, opening brackets in accordance with the spelling norms of the Russian language:
    • The restoration of the Arkhangelskoye estate has been going on for more than twenty years: a generation of people has grown up to whom this name means nothing. – NOT with verbs is written separately.
    • The house-museum is lucky: it is alive, scientific work is being carried out here, and several hundred people visit it every day. – NOT with indefinite pronouns without prepositions is written together.
    • I still don’t understand how this could happen to me.- NOT with verbs is written separately.
    • They are neither richer nor poorer than their neighbors.- NOT with comparative adjectives is written separately.
    • We, slowly and talking, walked along a narrow path. NOT with gerunds is written separately if the word is used without NOT.
  3. Write down the correct answer: some.


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