What subjects do you need to take to become a journalist? OGE - what is it and what subjects are better to choose? Which Unified State Exam do you need to take for admission?

More and more schoolchildren are interested in what subjects need to be taken to become a manager. The thing is that “management” is a very common specialty now. After graduation, you can become a manager in one field or another. But what do you need to know about admission? What subjects will you need to pass to become a manager? Where can I go for further education? It's not that difficult to figure all this out. Of course, you should first choose which one you can enroll in, then check the exams for admission to a manager there. But in general terms, the enrollment process will be the same in all universities.

Management is...

What subjects do I need to take to become a manager? Before finding out the answer to this question, you must first understand what profession we are talking about. After all, schoolchildren try to choose either promising areas of study, or those where it is easy to study. Management, as already mentioned, is a very common area of ​​study.

But who will the citizen be after graduation? Does it even make sense to acquire this profession? A manager is a manager. Most often it is about sales. And any - both in the IT field and in regular stores.

In Russia it is considered both promising and useless. High competition is what you will have to face. And even a person without a diploma can work as a salesperson in a store. Not everyone will be able to achieve heights. That is why the profession of a manager is not very respected by parents and is preferred by applicants. This is a humanitarian direction, it is easier to study than, for example, to become a programmer. And if you just want to get at least some kind of diploma, you can think about what subjects you need to take to become a manager.

List of items

Management is a common liberal arts field of study. And almost every student knows what exams he will have to take after 11th grade to be admitted. It is worth noting that there are no additional tests or competitions when considering applicants as future students. Therefore, it will be enough to successfully pass the Unified State Exam. And submit documents to one or another institution for study.

But what subjects need to be taken as a manager? At the moment it is:

• Russian language;
• mathematics;
• social science.

The last exam is a profile one. Actually the main one. It is on this basis that applicants will be assessed first. Taking into account the fact that now in Russia they plan to divide all exams into ordinary and specialized ones, it is simply necessary to know that social studies plays a paramount role for a manager.

Where to go

You will no longer have to take any additional tests, tests or difficult subjects. Where to apply to become a manager? This is a rather difficult question. After all, there are a lot of training options.

Among them are:

1. Admission to university. After 11th grade, having passed the Russian language, mathematics and social studies, you can enroll in the “Management” program at almost any university in the country. This direction exists at both Moscow State University and MGIMO. You can also pay attention to any humanitarian universities.
2. College education. At the moment, in Russia they offer to study to become a manager even after 9th grade. Or after 11 - depending on the educational institution. It is worth paying attention to liberal arts colleges. There will definitely be a direction in “management” or separate specialties such as “advertising manager”, “sales manager”.
3. Retraining. Most often, retraining occurs on the job. Or take courses from the labor exchange.
4. Taking courses. Not the best solution, but the profession of a manager can be mastered in specialized courses. They are organized, as a rule, by private training centers. You won't have to hand over any.

Now it’s clear where to study to become a manager. As practice shows, universities are in greatest demand. After completing your studies, you can work in the field of management without any problems.

Duration of training

How many students study in their chosen field? It all depends on which educational institution the person applied to. At a university, a bachelor's degree takes 4 years, and a master's degree takes another 2. In colleges, the average time to obtain a specialty will be the same as at a university (bachelor's degree). Advanced training courses require about 6 months of retraining. And if you visit private centers, you can become a manager in 2 months or a year.

It is worth noting that some universities, in addition to the listed exams, may require you to pass several more subjects. It all depends on the character and specific focus. What items need to be submitted additionally to the manager in some cases? This:

• geography;
• biology;
• physics;
• chemistry;
• story.

Compulsory subjects - mathematics and the Russian language - have been used as a form of state final certification of general secondary education for a number of years. Conducting final certification has general rules that have been subject to changes several times. The latest changes to the general rules will be discussed in this article.

About the rules

The Unified State Exam (compulsory subjects and elective subjects) is carried out using control measuring materials (CMM), which are standard form complexes with tasks. In addition, there are special mandatory forms for filling out answers to assignments. Compulsory USE subjects, as well as elective subjects, are accepted in Russian in writing, unless this is a section of foreign languages ​​(“speaking”).

Exams are held in Russia and abroad according to a single schedule. The organizers are Rosobrnadzor and the executive authorities of those constituent entities of the Russian Federation that manage the education sector (EI). Outside the country, the Unified State Exam (compulsory subjects and elective subjects) is also accepted by Rosobrnadzor and the founders of educational organizations of the Russian Federation, which are located abroad, have state accreditation and implement educational programs of general secondary education, as well as foreign institutions of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, which have structural specialized educational units.

Admission to the Unified State Exam

Compulsory subjects and elective subjects are taken by students who do not have academic debt and have completed individual or general assessments in full with grades in all subjects for all years of study not lower than satisfactory.

Disabled children and people with disabilities, as well as students with limited health capabilities, studying in closed educational institutions and institutions where they are serving sentences of imprisonment, have the right to take the state final certification in the form of the Unified State Examination (Russian language and mathematics).

Students in educational programs of vocational secondary education also have the right to certification in the Unified State Examination form (Russian language and mathematics, as well as elective subjects for admission to a higher educational institution). Students in educational organizations of the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol have the same right.

Recertification and external training

The right to certification in the Unified State Examination form is available to graduates of previous years (with a document confirming receipt of general secondary education before 2013), as well as to those students who are mastering educational programs of vocational secondary education and studying in educational organizations abroad of the Russian Federation, even if they have There are valid Unified State Exam results from past years.

People who have completed secondary education programs in other forms - family education or self-education, or who have completed educational programs not accredited by the state can also take the Unified State Exam. They can pass the State Examination as an external student

Items

Currently, the required subjects for passing the Unified State Exam are Russian language and mathematics. However, changes and additions are planned for 2020. Firstly, according to the head of the Ministry of Education and Science Olga Vasilyeva, a history exam will be mandatory for everyone. In addition, the compulsory subjects of the Unified State Exam in 2020 may include a foreign language and geography. Indeed, without knowledge of history, the country will not be able to successfully move into tomorrow. Will geography be a compulsory subject of the Unified State Exam for now, since the entire existing examination system will be revised.

However, English will most likely be a compulsory subject in the Unified State Examination (or another foreign language). A number of regions will take this subject in testing mode in 2020. Further, by 2022, the country will be ready to include a foreign language in the examination minimum in schools, and now trial tests are being compiled and programs are being developed. History as a compulsory subject in the Unified State Exam is an issue that has already been practically resolved, although this will happen, according to Olga Vasilyeva, no earlier than 2020. This will be the third required subject.

History with geography

Olga Vasilyeva made many statements at the All-Russian Conference on the History of Russia, which was held in February 2017, regarding the development of education in the country. Much has been said about passing the Unified State Exam in 2020. Required items will be replenished. She clarified that today children only take mathematics and the Russian language, but the third subject of the Unified State Examination should certainly be history.

She also stated that she was listening carefully to the increasingly louder public opinion regarding the GIA, which students take after finishing the ninth grade, in geography. Many citizens are advocating for the introduction of such an exam at school graduation. The list of compulsory Unified State Exam subjects will definitely be replenished. Perhaps geography will be one of them.

For admission to university

In 2009, all school graduates received information about the compulsory Unified State Examination subjects. They were the Russian language and mathematics. At the same time, every eleventh grader must receive a score not lower than that established by Rosobrnadzor. Additionally, school graduates independently select several required subjects to enroll in a university. You need to choose from the list of general education disciplines that are included in the Unified State Examination list. How many compulsory subjects, for example, should an eleventh grader who is planning to enter university take? This will depend on the chosen specialization. For example, a future programmer needs ICT and computer science.

Unified State Exam tasks in mathematics can be completed in advance not only in full, but also repeatedly; for this, there are official portals with open problem banks. Since this subject is compulsory, graduates do just that. But mathematics is different from mathematics. The same future programmers should not solve the basic option, but the profile one. Unified State Examination tasks in profile-level mathematics require, however, only knowledge of the school course. The website of the chosen university probably has free demo material that you can use for self-study.

List

Subjects, including compulsory ones, chosen by a school graduate for admission to a university:

1. Russian language.

2. Profile and basic mathematics.

4. Physics.

5. Social studies.

6. History.

7. Information and communication technologies and computer science.

8. Geography.

9. Biology.

10. Literature.

11. Foreign language (English, French, German, Spanish).

To obtain a high school diploma, you need to take only two compulsory subjects - Russian language and mathematics. Further, on a voluntary basis, the graduate can take any subjects of his own choice in accordance with the requirements of a certain one. Everything depends on the planned direction of training, that is, the specialty.

Changes

Since the country is undergoing not too rapid, but dramatic changes, this cannot but affect the education system. The Ministry of Education and Science has accumulated a lot of complaints from the country's population. Of course, this examination system has its advantages, such as the option of preventing corruption and the independence of the knowledge assessment obtained. But there are also a lot of disadvantages. It is planned to develop a mechanism for passing the Unified State Exam in six subjects by 2019, as well as to increase the number of primary school certifications. Of course, knowledge must be assessed systematically so that students acquire skills that increase responsibility and order.

Both parents and teachers point out the testing nature of the exam as a disadvantage of the existing Unified State Examination organization. Most students are simply trying to guess the correct answer. This system should have been abolished a long time ago, replaced by a survey form that existed until 2009. Of course, both rehearsals and public opinion polls are necessary before anything new is introduced into this system, because, first of all, it is necessary to understand how much each of these changes will improve the situation.

Deadlines and tasks

Conducting the Unified State Exam on the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as outside it, provides for a unified schedule. Each academic subject has its own exam duration. In January of this year, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation issues a decree approving a unified schedule and duration of each exam. It also provides the entire list of tools that will be needed for training and education and will be used when conducting the Unified State Exam.

FIPI (Federal Institute of Pedagogical Measurements) develops examination tasks (KIM), that is, sets of standardized tasks with the help of which the level of mastery of the educational standard will be established. On the FIPI website, you can familiarize yourself in advance with the section of demonstration versions of the Unified State Examination for each subject, as well as with the documents that regulate the content and structure of KIM - with all codifiers and specifications. Assignments can have either extended or short answers. Oral answers of examinees in foreign languages ​​are recorded using audio media. This section (“speaking”) is still on a voluntary basis.

Responsibility

Information about control measuring materials that are used to carry out state certification cannot be disclosed, since it is classified as information with limited access. Therefore, everyone who will be involved in conducting the Unified State Exam, as well as persons taking the exam during the period of its conduct, are responsible for the disclosure of KIM information in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

If KIM information is published, for example, on the Internet, this will indicate the presence of signs of an offense under Articles 13.14 and 19.30 of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offences; 59, part 11 of the Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Education in the Russian Federation".

Results

The state final certification, which is carried out in the form of the Unified State Exam, uses a hundred-point grading system in all subjects except basic-level mathematics. Separately, for each subject, a minimum number of points is established, and if the examinee has overcome this threshold, then his or her mastery of the general secondary level educational program will be confirmed.

When the examination of examination papers is completed, the results of the Unified State Examination in all subjects are reviewed by the chairman of the State Examination Committee, after which he makes a decision to cancel, change or approve them. The results are approved within one working day after checking all examination papers.

Appeals

If a high school graduate being examined is not satisfied with the scores received, he has the opportunity to file an appeal of disagreement within two days from the date of announcement of the Unified State Examination results. It is drawn up in writing and submitted to the educational organization that granted admission to the examinee for the Unified State Exam.

Graduates of previous years and other categories of Unified State Exam participants can submit an appeal to the place of registration for the exam or to others determined by the region. The Unified State Exam results for each examinee exist only in the federal information system, and paper certificates about them are not provided. Their validity period is four years.

Retake

If a graduate of a given current year receives a result that is below the established minimum score in any of the required subjects, he can take the Unified State Exam again - the unified schedule provides for additional deadlines for this. If a USE participant of any category fails to obtain the minimum points in the subjects that he chose for admission to the university, then the retake will take place only after a year.

Since 2015, all schoolchildren can take the Unified State Exam in compulsory subjects up to three times (this only applies to mathematics and the Russian language). This is possible either on additional days if only one subject is failed, or in the fall (September, October). In the latter case, admission to a university cannot take place, since the required deadlines have passed, but the student will receive a certificate.

You can learn programming on your own, but only those who study using proven programs have a career head start. Where and how to go to master a profession?

• It is necessary to decide on the direction (a specialist can write programs or look for vulnerabilities in the software used, design and maintain internal corporate networks, be responsible for communications and communications, build the IT infrastructure of a business).
• Collect a package of documents.
• Pass the entrance exams to become a programmer.

How to become a programmer

The test format for admission to the Faculty of IP may differ depending on the choice of specialty, level of professional training and age of the applicant. What exams do you need to take to become a programmer? The level of difficulty may also vary:

• For talented, enthusiastic young people who have already proven themselves at school or college, the opportunity to enter after an interview is provided.
• Often candidates undergo internal testing.
• School graduates must achieve a passing score in the required exam as part of the Unified State Examination program.
• 9th graders entering college will get by with a good average certificate score or can “get” points on the Unified State Examination.

What subjects need to be taken

What subjects are needed to become a programmer are determined by the specific university. To enter Synergy, the Faculty of Information Systems requires an examination in two compulsory and one specialized subjects. Required disciplines:

• mathematics,
• Russian language.

Which third exam you need to take depends on your specialty. To enroll in a bachelor's degree, a future IT specialist with a broad profile must pass computer science. A programmer in the field of software and systems administration, as well as a future expert in instrument engineering and telecommunications, takes Russian, mathematics, and physics.

What to take when applying to college

Along with bachelor's and master's degrees, our university practices professional training for future programmers in college. Graduates of grades 9 and 11 have access to the profile of an IT generalist specialist. Young students with a predominantly mathematical approach to problem solving may be admitted without examination.

A good average score is sufficient for admission. Both 9th graders and 11th grade graduates. We keep the doors to the future of technology open for the enthusiastic student.

Reasons why you should choose this field

The duration of training ranges from 2 years 10 months (college) to 6.5 years (higher master's education). Why is this time worth investing in professional training to become a programmer?

• Programmer is the highest paid profession after lawyers (world statistics).
• The shortage of competent IT specialists in Russia alone amounts to more than 1 million vacancies. Employment – ​​quite frequent The question of university graduates is not relevant for this profile.
• Programming is the profession of the future. Computers are confidently gaining ground in all areas; today, de facto, a serious business cannot function successfully without an IT infrastructure.

Among young engineers, technicians, and statisticians, many are thinking about changing their qualifications to become a programmer.

Is it hard to study

Programming is a complex industry; the amount of knowledge required is enormous. Therefore, it is difficult to talk about simple learning in its context.

During the training, the student will take many purely technical subjects - mathematics, basics of graphs, probability theory. They are not easy for everyone and are accompanied by a lot of calculations.

But despite all the complexity of studying, it remains interesting. We made sure that our future programmers could “apply” every block of acquired knowledge in real business practice. Plus, we host forums, webinars and seminars with the participation of recognized representatives of the profession.

Programming is a whole world. It requires diligence and a responsible approach to learning, but is filled with world-changing discoveries from the first weeks.

The choice of specialty is a key point for applicants. After all, the list of subjects for which you will need to prepare and pass the Unified State Exam depends on the chosen direction.

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Universities offer a number of in-demand specialties, as well as creative professions that require additional knowledge and skills. Before choosing a future profession, you need to familiarize yourself with the rules for admission to the chosen specialty, find out the list of exams and clarify information about internal entrance tests. Each university has the right to present its own individual requirements, which should be taken into account when choosing an educational institution. In this section, we have collected information about the most interesting and in-demand professions and reviewed the basic rules for entering these professions.

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Professions after 11 - list

List of professions after 11th grade

Not every graduate after high school continues his studies at further levels of education - there can be many reasons for this. Despite the barriers to obtaining higher qualifications, all boys and girls after 11th grade are already in demand in many areas, and all that is needed to find a job is desire. Below are approximate professions for children who have graduated from high school. The article will consider options only for permanent employment.

Professions after 11th grade - list for boys

For young men, a military profession is relevant, because in good health, an adult boy after graduating from school is obliged to serve in the army. After completing your mandatory service, your desire to continue working in the army is always welcome. In the present, the military is a fairly privileged category of the population: salary is at a fairly high level, the state provides housing, as well as early retirement.

Also, after a short training after school, the profession of a train, metro, tram, etc. driver becomes available. Very often, housing and various benefits are provided during the training.

• Loader is an extremely difficult and in-demand profession, suitable only for guys, and strong ones at that. This is usually compensated for by slightly above average wages;
• The work associated with logging is not easy and not the most profitable. Not everyone will want to get involved with her;

Professions in demand after 11th grade - list

A huge layer of professions is highly skilled labor. Secondary vocational and higher education is increasingly valued: simple operations are more often performed by automation. The list of professions is enormous.

A guy can choose to become a car mechanic after receiving the appropriate qualifications in college. There is no place for white-collar workers in this kind of work, but it is in great demand and, with an established client base, is profitable. Girls can choose a medical field. After receiving a diploma of secondary medical education, become a nurse or pharmacist.

Higher education can open the way to a great variety of prestigious professions. After completing a long and complex training, you will be able to occupy high positions in your specialty with increasing experience. Universities and institutes offer a range of specialties from engineers to lawyers, from a specialist in applied mathematics to an interior designer, from a doctor to a diplomat and so on.

Among the most popular professions for boys and girls are:

• Medical workers;
• IT specialists;
• Engineers from various fields of production;
• Bank employees;
• Builders;

It is almost impossible to tell which profession is right for you. But before choosing your vocation, it is recommended to study the labor market in your and other regions at least at a basic level. It would be a good idea to find out the forecast for the level of demand and supply for specific professions for several years in advance.

You might be interested in:

Getting a job after 11th grade, without cronyism, is really only possible in a low-paying job. Given the unemployment rate, most employers prefer to hire specialists with experience and experience.

Getting a job after 11th grade, without cronyism, is really only possible in a low-paying job. Mostly as a waiter, loader, cleaner or janitor. Given the unemployment rate, most employers prefer to hire specialists with experience and experience.

It is advisable to combine work after 11th grade with study by correspondence or remotely. My sister's son studies and works in a mobile communications company. They have their own corporate settings in the Western style. He likes it and has prospects for growth. He passed the selection, testing, and work as an intern. The salary is not bad by our provincial standards.

I agree with everyone that if after 11th grade you go to work without cronyism, then you won’t have to count on a high job. It’s better to either go to study or have a goal for yourself and immediately after finishing 11th grade go to work hard. The choice, of course, is yours if you want to earn more then you need to develop.

For men, indeed, after serving in the Army, you can stay there for extended service under a contract. Providing housing at the place of duty. Great salary, further admission and study are encouraged. People generally retire at the age of 45, a year or two is taken into account. Possible transfer to a better or larger city, to a higher position. This is confidence, a career. Military personnel are not fired just like an ordinary employee can be fired. In addition, it is very rare that someone is fired, even with a reduction in staff, and they are offered transfer to another unit for further service. Discipline has not been lost in the Army and, in a sense, the Soviet Union is still in effect. And no one will be fired just like that.

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List of professions after 11th grade. Prestigious and in-demand professions

Today we will present to your attention a list of professions after 11th grade. In general, after graduating from school, going somewhere will not be so difficult. But finding a job is already quite a big problem for modern schoolchildren and students. It is also important to choose a direction that will be prestigious and in demand in the future. This will help eliminate problems with employment. So, let's try to figure out what profession to choose after 11th grade.

Medicine

The first option is to enroll in medical school and then study to become a doctor. Surgeons, pediatricians, and dentists are very popular now. True, for this you will have to spend about 7 years at a university and then undergo an internship.

However, if you are interested in in-demand professions after 11th grade, and at the same time, you understand biology and chemistry, then you can really study to become a doctor. There is a shortage of them now. To make your work profitable and prestigious, simply get a job in a private clinic upon graduation. And in this case, you don’t have to worry about your earnings, as well as the popularity of your direction. At a minimum, the years spent at the university will not be in vain.

Read also: Numbers on an envelope sample

Manager

And we continue our list of professions after 11th grade. In fact, in-demand professions may not be the most prestigious. And, especially, not highly paid. This is exactly what management is considered to be today. We are talking about the area that we are used to seeing - the lower echelon.

What is it? The thing is that all management is divided into 3 parts: top, middle and lower echelons. The first two are the real managers, the bosses. And the last thing is exactly what is so popular and in demand today in the labor market - the most ordinary, so to speak, junior managers. These include: sellers, cashiers, catering and fast food cafe workers, loaders, cleaners, and sales representatives. In principle, all those professions that a student or schoolchild can get a job in.

However, these are quite popular professions after 11th grade. You can study to be a manager, gain low-level work experience during your studies, and then move into a management position. So, don't be afraid of this specialty. Plus, enrolling in it is quite easy and simple.

Engineer

Good professions after 11th grade, to be honest, should be decently paid. And just such places of work include engineering. Today Russia lacks personnel who will do this work. There are simple engineers and equipment installers here.

You can get such an education by enrolling in the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics. You will have to study long and hard in order to be able to find a normal job later. Unfortunately, this direction is not particularly popular among applicants. After all, engineers are often paid a rather small salary, which is not comparable with the responsibility and responsibilities of the workplace.

Teacher

Our list of professions after 11th grade continues. To be honest, along with doctors and physicians, a teacher is a very popular position nowadays. Only among graduates this work is not particularly popular.

There are more and more people, including first-graders. Schools and kindergartens are growing before our eyes. But there is no one to teach children. In order to become a good teacher, you now need to get a pedagogical education, as well as get a second “tower” in the direction in which you want to work. That is, if it is chemistry and biology - medical, physics - physics and mathematics, mathematics / geometry - mathematical, and so on. With all this, you will be loaded up to your ears with work, and teachers’ salaries, as a rule, are meager. Only in private schools is teaching a truly prestigious job.

Cosmetologist

Professions for girls after 11th grade, to be honest, are more popular and in demand. And they often pay much better than any other direction. If you are a girl who doesn’t know where to go to study after school, but at the same time, you want to get a “purely female profile” education, then you can go to school to become a cosmetologist. Or a manicurist.

These professions for girls after 11th grade are quite in demand. Yes, now there are a lot of such masters and cosmetologists. But clients are also arriving. Several masters will not have enough time for everything. So, cosmetology and manicure are quite popular and profitable areas. Especially if you are a private master, and also get a job in some private and good salon. Training in this area is shorter than in any other area. And there is almost no competition - each client (and there are many of them) chooses his own specialist. Try it, you won't regret it!

Office worker

Now the list of professions after 11th grade that can only be called in demand continues endlessly. However, there is another very necessary area in which new personnel are always required. This is an office job.

To be honest, many people want to work this way. However, to achieve this, you will have to obtain an economic or legal education. Sometimes students who have graduated from management also have the opportunity. And, congratulations, you will become the most ordinary office worker.

There are many such employees now, but there is a huge turnover of personnel in the labor market. And that’s why new “office plankton” is always needed. What will you have to do in your place? As a rule, work with documents, prepare reports, sometimes sell goods and services through telephone calls. In principle, it is not as difficult as it might seem at first glance.

But it’s worth warning right away - office workers are often burdened with someone else’s work. And they put pressure on us morally. Not everyone will agree to this. For this reason, after working in an office for some time, people move to another company. Or they quit altogether. So, when accepting a career as an office worker, you should prepare yourself for a lot of stress. If you can endure it, you will achieve heights in building a career, and will also begin to receive good wages. No? Then you will have to look for another job.

How to find yourself

If you cannot decide where to go to study, then the so-called profession test after 11th grade will help you. As a rule, all future school graduates take it. Around the beginning of the school year.

What will be in the test? A variety of questions that will illustrate your behavior in different situations, as well as show your abilities, skills, emotional stability and ambitions. After a clear analysis, psychologists will make a verdict on who and what profession is more suitable. Unfortunately, test results and the wishes of future applicants usually diverge. In general, listen to yourself - this is the only way you can choose the optimal profession for yourself.

Journalism is a creative specialty, so the rule of “three Unified State Examinations” does not always apply to applicants. In order to apply to most journalism departments in the country, it is enough to submit Unified State Exam scores in two subjects: Russian language (compulsory for all specialties) and literature.

Instead of the third exam, applicants take creative or professional tests, which are conducted by universities independently, in person.

However, exceptions to the “Russian plus literature” rule are possible: in some educational institutions, the applicant may be required to obtain Unified State Exam results in one more subject. It could be:

• a foreign language (in particular, it is required upon admission to Moscow State University),


• social science,


• story.

What subjects are taken when applying for journalism at a university?

Universities develop the program for additional creative and professional tests independently, so the exam format and requirements may vary greatly. Therefore, what exactly you have to take, you need to check with the university you plan to enroll in.

In most cases, the test is divided into two parts:

• written creative work (essay),


• interview.

This may be considered one exam consisting of two parts (maximum score is 100 points in total, with the “weight” of each part determined by the university) or two separate tests, each of which is scored on a 100-point scale. When forming the ranking of applicants, the scores for the Unified State Exam and creative tests are summed up.

When writing an essay applicants are usually offered several topics to choose from, and most universities include topics with a “professional” bias in the list - socio-political, dedicated to the profession of journalist or media in the modern world, and so on. A fairly common requirement is full or partial compliance of creative work with any of the journalistic genres (report, essay, problem article, and so on).

The interview can take place in the format of a free conversation, the purpose of which, as a rule, is to form an opinion about the applicant’s general level of development and his horizons in the field of media, preferences in journalism, attitude towards the chosen profession, and awareness of the decision to become a journalist.

However, quite often the interview turns into a kind of exam: applicants pull out tickets with questions and answer them. In this case, the test program, questions and a list of recommended literature are published in advance on the admissions committee’s website so that the applicant has the opportunity to prepare. In most cases, the questions are devoted to:

• history of journalism


• media in the modern world,


• characteristics of different types of media,


• characteristics of the main journalistic genres, and so on.

Most journalism departments have preparatory courses or “small faculties” that are focused specifically on preparing for creative tests, and attending them greatly increases the chances of successful admission. A serious “plus” when preparing for the tests will be experience working in the editorial office of teenage or youth media or experience collaborating with “adult” publications - this allows you to better know the profession and get to know the editorial process “from the inside.”

Is a portfolio required when applying to the journalism department?

By the time they enter the university, many journalism department applicants have accumulated an impressive folder with publications, certificates for victories in children’s journalism competitions and other documents confirming success in their chosen field of activity. However, whether this will affect admission depends on the university.

Sometimes it is recommended to bring a portfolio to an interview - and it affects the final grade. Or the admissions committee may evaluate him, awarding additional points for individual achievements. In most cases, the following are taken into account for individual achievements:

• victories at All-Russian Olympiads in specialized subjects or official Olympiads in journalism;


• certified publications in registered media;


• victories in journalistic competitions or olympiads held at the university you are enrolling in.

In addition, depending on the rules of the university, other evidence of your readiness to study journalism may be considered as part of the portfolio. For example:

• publications in unregistered media (including school level);


• certificates of participation and diplomas of winners of children's journalistic competitions and other competitions in “related” areas (literary, photo and video creativity, graphic design, etc.);


• characteristics and recommendations from the editorial offices of the media with which you collaborated or the leaders of children's journalistic circles.