Топик по английскому языку с переводом на тему Великобритания (Great Britain) поможет вам рассказать о стране, язык которой вы изучаете. Тема Великобритания (Great Britain) по английскому языку даст вам общее представление об этой стране о ее географии и основных достопримечательностях.

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Great Britain

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. They lie to the north-west of Europe and are separated from the continent by the narrow strait of water. It is called the English Channel. Seas and oceans influence the British climate. It is too cold in winter but never very hot in summer.

The United Kingdom consists of four parts: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. England is the central part, it occupies the most of the island of Great Britain. Each part has its capital: the capital of England is London, Scotland has Edinburgh, Wales has Cardiff, and the main city of Northern Ireland is Belfast.

The capital of Great Britain is London; it is the cultural center of the country and is situated on the banks of the Thames. There are s lot of places of interest to visit. The Big Ben, the Tower Bridge over the river Thames, the International London Heathrow Airport, the Westminster Abbey, the National Gallery of Art and many others.

There are about 64 million people living in Great Britain, most of them are English, Irish and Scottish. They all have special traditions for celebrating holidays and cook special food for festivals. All the members of families take part in these events. People in Great Britain are polite and kind.

Great Britain is the state of the future. I dream of going to London and seeing the most wonderful sights of the capital of the United Kingdom and I hope it will come true one day.

Великобритания

Объединенное королевство Великобритании и Северной Ирландии расположено на Британских островах. Они лежат на севере Европы и отделены от континента узким проливом. Он называется Английским каналом. На британский климат оказывают влияние моря и океаны. Зимой бывает слишком холодно, но летом никогда не бывает слишком жарко.

Объединенное королевство состоит из 4 частей – Англии, Уэльса, Шотландии и Северной Ирландии. У каждой части своя столица. Столица Англии Лондон, Шотландии – Эдинбург, Уэльса – Кардиф, а главный город Северной Ирландии –Белфаст.

Столица Великобритании – Лондон, это культурный центр страны, и он расположен на берегах Темзы. В нем много достопримечательностей, которые можно посетить – Биг Бен, Тауэрский мост через реку Темзу, Интернациональный аэропорт Хитроу, Вестминстерское Аббатство, Национальная Галерея Искусства и много других.

В Британии живет около 64 миллионов людей, большинство из них англичане, Ирландцы и шотландцы. У всех них особые традиции для праздников, они готовят особую еду для фестивалей. Все члены семьи принимают участие в этих событиях. Люди в Британии вежливы и добры.

Многие известные люди родились в Британии. Один из них Уильям Шекспир, который написал трагедии “Ромео и Джульетта”, “Гамлет”, “Макбет” и много других пьес. Уильям Шекспир Родился в 1564 году и жил в Страдфорде на Эйвоне с женой и детьми. Шекспир умер в 1616 году.

Великобритания считается государством будущего. Я мечтаю о том, чтобы посетить Лондон и полюбоваться сами прекрасными видами столицы Объединенного Королевства и надеюсь, что эта мечта когда-нибудь сбудется.
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Climate and Nature of Great Britain - топик на английском языке , который познакомит вас с природой Великобритании.

The climate in Great Britain is generally mild and temperate due to the influence of the Gulf Stream. The south-western winds carry the warmth and moisture into Britain. The climate in Britain is usually described as cool, temperate and humid.

British people say: "Other countries have a climate, in England we have weather."

The weather in Britain changes very quickly. One day may be fine and the next day may be wet. The morning may be warm and the evening may be cool. Therefore it is natural for the people to use the comparison "as changeable as the weather" of a person who often changes his mood or opinion about something. The weather is the favourite topic of conversation in Britain. When two Englishmen are introduced to each other, if they can"t think of any thing else to talk about, they talk about weather. When two people meet in the street they will often say something about weather as they pass, just to show their friendliness.

Every daily paper publishes a weather forecast. Both the radio and television give the weather forecast several times each day.

The English also say that they have three variants of weather: when it rains in the morning, when it rains in the afternoon or when in rains all day long. Sometimes it rains so heavily that they say "It"s raining cats and dogs".

Rainfall is more or less even throughout the year. In the mountains there is heavier rainfall then in the plains of the south and east. The driest period is from March to June and the wettest months are from October to January. The average range of temperature (from winter to summer) is from 15 to 23 degrees above zero. During a normal summer the temperature sometimes rises above 30 degrees in the south. Winter temperatures below 10 degrees are rare. It seldom snows heavily in winter, the frost is rare. January and February are usually the coldest months, July and August the warmest. Still the wind may bring winter cold in spring or summer days. Sometimes it brings the whirlwinds or hurricanes. Droughts are rare.

So, we may say that the British climate has three main features: it is mild, humid and changeable. That means that it is never too hot or too cold. Winters are extremely mild. Snow may come but it melts quickly. In winter the cold is humid cold, not the dry one.

This humid and mild climate is good for plants. The trees and flowers begin to blossom early in spring.

In the British homes there has been no central heating up till recently. The fireplaces are often used. but the coal is not used as it"s very expensive. Britain has no good coal now and imports it itself. Many schools and universities have no central heating either, and the floors there are made of stone. The British bedroom is especially cold, sometimes electric blankets or hotwater bottles are used.

VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE

Britain was originally a land of vast forests. mainly oak and beech in the Lowlands and pine and birch In the Highlands, with great stretches of marshland and smaller areas of moors. In the course of time, much forest land was cleared and almost all Lowlands outside the industrial areas were put under cultivation. Today only about 6 per cent of the total land area remains wooded.

Extensive forests remain in eastern and northern Scotland and in south-eastern and western England. Oak, elm, ash, and beech are the commonest trees in England, while Scotland has much pine and birch. The Highlands with thin soil are largely moorland with heather and grasses. In the cultivated areas that make up most of Britain there are many wild flowers, flowering plants and grasses.

The fauna or animal life of Britain is much like that of north-western Europe, to which it was once joined. Many larger mammals such as bear, wolf have been hunted to extinction, others are now protected by law. There are many foxes. Otters are common along rivers and streams, and seals live along much of the coast. Hedgehogs, hares, rabbits, rats and mice are numerous. Deer live in some of the forests in the Highlands of Scotland and England.

Some 230 kinds of birds live in Britain, and another 200 are regular visitors, many are songbirds. The most numerous are blackbirds, sparrow and starling. Robin Redbreast is the national bird of Britain. The number of ducks, geese and other water fowl has diminished during recent years.

There are many threats to wildlife and ecological balance around the coast. The biggest threat to the coastline is pollution. Even much-loved.

Blackpool is not officially asafe. More than 3.500 million tons of industrial waste is pumped into the North Sea every year. "We cannot continue to use our seas as a dustbin and expect our coastline to survive," says Greenpeace. Many other ecological problems may be caused by privatization of the coast. Many of the rivers are "biologically dead", i.e. unable to support fish and wildlife.

The climate in Great Britain is generally mild and temperate due to the influence of the Gulf Stream. The south-western winds carry the warmth and moisture into Britain. The climate in Britain is usually described as cool, temperate and humid. British people say: “Other countries have a climate, in England we have weather”.

The weather in Britain changes very quickly. One day may be fine and the next day may be wet. The morning may be warm and the evening may be cool. Therefore it is natural for the people to use the comparison “as changeable as the weather” of a person who often changes his mood or opinion about something.

The weather is the favourite topic of conversation in Britain. When two Englishmen are introduced to each other, if they can’t think of any thing else to talk about, they talk about weather. When two people meet in the street they will often say something about weather as they pass, just to show their friendliness. Every daily paper publishes a weather forecast. Both the radio and television give the weather forecast several times each day.

The English also say that they have three variants of weather: when it rains in the morning, when it rains in the afternoon or when in rains all day long. Sometimes it rains so heavily that they say “It’s raining cats and dogs”. Rainfall is more or less even throughout the year. In the mountains there is heavier rainfall then in the plains of the south and east.

The driest period is from March to June and the wettest months are from October to January. The average range of temperature is from 15 to 23 degrees above zero. During a normal summer the temperature sometimes rises above 30 degrees in the south. Winter temperatures below 10 degrees are rare. It seldom snows heavily in winter, the frost is rare. January and February are usually the coldest months, July and August the warmest. Still the wind may bring winter cold in spring or summer days. Sometimes it brings the whirlwinds or hurricanes.

We may say that the British climate has three main features: it is mild, humid and changeable. That means that it is never too hot or too cold. Winters are extremely mild. Snow may come but it melts quickly. In winter the cold is humid cold, not the dry one. This humid and mild climate is good for plants. The trees and flowers begin to blossom early in spring.

In the British homes there has been no central heating up till recently. The fireplaces are often used, but the coal is not used as it’s very expensive. Britain has no good coal now and imports it itself. Many schools and universities have no central heating either, and the floors there are made of stone. The British bedroom is especially cold, sometimes electric blankets or hotwater bottles are used.

Britain was originally a land of vast forests, mainly oak and beech in the Lowlands and pine and birch In the Highlands, with great stretches of marshland and smaller areas of moors. In the course of time, much forest land was cleared and almost all Lowlands outside the industrial areas were put under cultivation.

Today only about 6 per cent of the total land area remains wooded. Extensive forests remain in eastern and northern Scotland and in south-eastern and western England. Oak, elm, ash, and beech are the commonest trees in England, while Scotland has much pine and birch. The Highlands with thin soil are largely moorland with heather and grasses. In the cultivated areas that make up most of Britain there are many wild flowers, flowering plants and grasses.

The fauna or animal life of Britain is much like that of north-western Europe, to which it was once joined. Many larger mammals such as bear, wolf have been hunted to extinction, others are now protected by law. There are many foxes. Otters are common along rivers and streams, and seals live along much of the coast. Hedgehogs, hares, rabbits, rats and mice are numerous. Deer live in some of the forests in the Highlands of Scotland and England.

Some 230 kinds of birds live in Britain, and another 200 are regular visitors, many are songbirds. The most numerous are blackbirds, sparrow and starling. Robin Redbreast is the national bird of Britain. The number of ducks, geese and other water fowl has diminished during recent years.

There are many threats to wildlife and ecological balance around the coast. The biggest threat to the coastline is pollution. Even much-loved Blackpool is not officially asafe. More than 3.500 million tons of industrial waste is pumped into the North Sea every year. “We cannot continue to use our seas as a dustbin and expect our coastline to survive”, says Greenpeace.

Вершинская Инга. Колледж предпринимательства №11, Москва, Россия
Сочинение на английском языке с переводом. Номинация Наш мир.

Unique Wildlife of Russia and Great Britain

Great Britain and Russia - they are so different! Historically, geographically, politically… It seems that these are absolutely different countries … But everything is changing.

We can say that the cardinal and rapid transformations of the last decades have considerably changed the picture of the world. Currently the world is going to the global integration. Economical, political, cultural relations between Eastern and Western countries are becoming closer year by year. Greater and greater contact between people of various countries, races and communities, and more and more knowledge of each other`s culture, gradually tend to evolve a common world culture in which in course of time the best elements of the various cultures may be incorporated and synthesized. And we think nowadays it is a favourable time for people from different countries to understand each other cultures and lifestyles. But in this paper we would like to discuss the wildlife of two countries - the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and Russia.

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a country that differs from Russia in many aspects. Therefore we can suggest that the wildlife of these two countries should be different, too. Let us compare the wildlife in the United Kingdom and the Russian Federation, find the differences and similarities.

First of all, let us compare the climates of the two countries. As everyone knows one of the most influential factors that affect a country`s nature and wildlife is the climate. The United Kingdom is a relativelysmall country which is situated on the island. That fact determines the specificity of the climate. It is mild and maritime, and the weather is changeable from day to day. Summers in the UK are warm and wet and winters generally mild and wet. As the territory is small, there are no great differences from one part of the country to another.

As for the Russian Federation, it is a very big country, that`s why the climate varies greatly. Russia is the largest country in the world, with nine time zones, and the climate can be different in various areas of the country. The cold arctic climate is in the north Siberia and the sub-tropical hot climate is near the Black Sea. But the most of the country has a continental climate, typically characterized by long cold winters and short summers.

The differences in climate cannot but influence the wildlife in these countries. The wildlife, as everyone knows, includes its flora and fauna and their natural habitats. Let us review the unique wildlife of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Russian Federation.

British fauna includes an incredible selection of animals. A wide variety of different animals can be found in and around the country. Rodents make up 40% of the total number of mammal species in Great Britain. These include squirrels, mice, voles, rats and the recently reintroduced European beaver. There is also an abundance of rabbits, hares, hedgehogs, shrews, moles and several species of bat. Carnivorous mammals include the fox, badger, otter, weasel, stoat and elusive wildcat. The largest land-based wild animals in the UK today are deer. The red deer is the largest species on the British Isles, with roe deer and fallow deer also prominent; the latter was introduced by the Normans.

There is a wealth of birdlife in Britain, 583 species in total, of which 258 breed on the island or remain during winter. Because of its mild winters for its latitude, Great Britain hosts important numbers of many wintering species, particularly ducks, geese and swans. Other well known bird species include the golden eagle, grey heron, kingfisher, pigeon, sparrow, pheasant, partridge, and various species of crow, finch, gull, auk, grouse, owl and falcon.

Various species of seal, whale and dolphin are found on or around British shores and coastlines.

As for the landscape of Russia it includes every kind of habitat found in the northern latitudes: among them are Arctic tundra; great, meandering rivers; vast, windswept plains; mountain ranges; cold, dark seas; and sprawling forests of conifers and birches. So Russia houses a great number of various animal species. We can name mammals of more than 300 species, birds of more than 700 species, amphibians of about 30 species and reptiles of 80 species. Along the coast of the Arctic Ocean live polar bear, walrus, and seal. The reindeer, lemming, arctic fox, hare, and ermine are among the most commonanimals inland. Birds are plentiful, especially such migratory waterfowl as ducks and geese.

The forests of Russia are the most extensive in the world. Animals include brown bears, wolves, elk, deer, lynxes, gluttons (animals similar to wolverines), foxes, sables, martens, badgers, and more than 200 species of birds.

In the north is a region, sometimes called the forest steppe. This region has been settled for centuries. There are a great number of burrowing animals - hamsters, jerboas, lemmings, moles, rabbits, rats, skunks, and, especially, ground squirrels. There are also many kinds of birds, including bitterns, and hawks.

It`s not a secret that (unfortunately) unmanaged commercial exploitation has driven some species of wild animals to the edge of extinction. In both countries there is the same problem - the extinction of some animals. For example, over the last 1,000 years several native animals have become extinct in Britain, mainly as aresult of human activities. 100 species have become extinct in the UK during the 20th century. Many more of wild animals could become extinct unless people take care. However, some species, such as the brown rat, red fox, and grey squirrel, are well adapted to urban areas. In the UK the consistent lack of extremes provides an excellent footing for wide varieties of animals.

And what about Russia? The problem is similar! Some native animals have become extinct in Russia, and some others are in danger. Among the currently endangered species are the Siberian (or Amur) tiger, Far Eastern (or Amur) leopard, snow leopard, green sturgeon, goral, Steller`s sea eagle, scaly-sided merganser, and Blakiston`s fish owl. Other notable animals whose habitats are a conservation priority in the country are the lynx, Asiatic black bear, brown bear, yellow-throated marten, snow sheep, and eight species of salmon (appendix 6).

As we can see, the problem is the same for both countries.

And now let us discuss British and Russian flora.

Before the British Isles were separated from the Continent, there were 32 established species of broad-leaved trees, 3 species of conifer and a few shrubs. All other trees now growing in the territory of the country were introduced by man; among them we can name many hundreds of species of trees and shrubs that may now be found growing in Britain.

The island has a wide variety of trees, including native species of birch, beech, ash, hawthorn, elm, oak, yew, pine, cherry and apple. Other trees have been naturalized, introduced especially from other parts of Europe (particularly Norway) and North America. Introduced trees include several varieties of pine, chestnut, maple, spruce, sycamore and fir, as well as cherry plum and pear trees. The tallest species are the Douglas firs; two specimens have been recorded measuring 212 feet (65 meters). The Yew is the oldest tree in Europe.

There are at least 1500 different species of wildflower in Britain. Some 107 species are particularly rare or vulnerable and are protected by the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981. It is illegal to uproot any wildflowers without the landowner`s permission. The vote in 2002 nominated various wildflowers to represent specific counties. These include red poppies, bluebells, daisies, daffodils, rosemary, gorse, iris, ivy, mint, orchids, brambles, thistles, buttercups, primrose, thyme, tulips, violets, cowslip, heather and many more.

There is a great number of plants in the vast territory of Russia. Biologists argue that there are over 11,400 species of plants throughout the country. Russia has several soil and vegetation zones, each has its characteristic flora. Mosses, lichens, sedges, and small shrubs, such as dwarf birch, willow, and juniper, are the chief plants of tundra.

The taiga, a coniferous forest, makes up the northern and central part of the forest belt.Pines, firs, and larches predominate there. The southern part of the forest belt is made up mainly of deciduous trees, such as oak, aspen, hornbeam, linden, ash, alder, elm, maple, and, above all, birch.

Caucasus Mountains are not just a mountain ridge. This is a rich habitat for many species of flora and fauna which feel great on the wooded slopes, and alpine meadows. In the semidesert zone, we can find such plants as xerophytic grasses and shrubs. So, Russian flora is extremely different and various, too.

Having reviewed the wildlife in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Russian Federation, we can make some comparisons. First of all, there is no doubt that the wildlife in the two countries differs from each other. It can be explained with a number of factors, such as the difference in the size of the territories, geographical positions, climate, landscape, etc.

But at the same time I can see some similarities between the wildlife in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Russian Federation. Both countries have a great number of animals, birds and fish, and many of them are the same in the UK and Russia. There is also a great number of plant species in the two countries, and many of them are the same.

In my opinion the United Kingdom and the Russian Federation have the common problem - the problem of extinction of some rare animals, birds and plants. Both countries have the same task - to prevent the extinction, to safe the endangered species. This problem can unite scientists and common people from both countries, and all together we will certainly be able to safe the unique wildlife of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Russian Federation. The UK and Russia can join their efforts to solve this problem.

Великобритания и Россия - это такие разные страны! В историческом, географическом, политическом плане… Кажется, что это абсолютно разные страны. Но все меняется.

Можно с уверенностью сказать, что события последних десятилетий поменяли картину мира. В настоящее время мир стремится к всеобщей глобализации. Экономические, политические и культурные связи между Востоком и Западом становятся теснее год за годом. Тесные связи между людьми разных стран, рас и обществ, обмен культурными ценностями постепенно приводит к тому, что появляется единая мировая культура, где элементы различных культур переплетаются и объединяются. Я считаю, что сейчас благоприятное время для того, чтобы люди общались и понимали понять культуру и образ жизни людей из других стран. Но в данном сочинении я хотела бы поговорить о дикой природе двух стран - Великобритании и России.

Соединенное Королевство Великобритания и Северной Ирландии - страна, отличающаяся от России по многим аспектам. Следовательно, можно предположить, что и дикая природа страны должна отличаться. Давайте сравним природуэтих стран, найдем схожее и отличное.

Прежде всего, сравним климат двух стран. Все знают, что климат - это один из факторов, влияющих на природу страны. Соединенное Королевство относительно небольшое государство, расположенное на острове. Этот факт определяет климат страны. Он мягкий и морской. Погода может меняться каждый день. Лето в Великобритании теплое и влажное, зима обычно мягкая и влажная. Поскольку территория небольшая, климат не особенно отличается в различных частях страны.

Российская Федерация - большая страна, поэтому климат резко отличается. Россия самая большая страна в мире и включает в себя 9 часовых поясов. Климат различается в разных частях страны: холодный арктический климат в северной Сибири и субтропический жаркий климат на побережье Черного моря. Но все-таки характерный климат на большей территории стран - континентальный. Он характеризуется длинной холодной зимой и коротким летом.

Различия в климате не могут не влиять наприроду этих стран. Природа, как все знают, делится на флору и фауну. Давайте рассмотрим уникальную дикую природу Великобритании и России.

Британская фауна включает в себя бесчисленное разнообразие животных. В этой стране можно встретить различных животных. В Великобритании грызуны составляют 40% от всех млекопитающих. Это белки, мыши, полевки, крысы и недавно привезенные из Европы бобры. На территории этой страны также живут разные виды кроликов, зайцев, ежей, землероек, кротов и летучих мышей. Плотоядные млекопитающие, обитающие в Великобритании, - это лиса, барсук, выдра, ласка, горностай и неуловимая дикая кошка. Самое большое дикое животное, обитающее на суше, - это олень. Вид благородного оленя - самый многочисленный вид на Британских островах, а также здесь известны косуля и лань, которая была привезена когда-то викингами.

В Британии большое разнообразие птиц: 583 вида, из которых 258 видов остается на зиму. Поскольку в Великобритании мягкие зимы, сюда прилетают птицы на зимовку, например, утки, гуси и лебеди. Также среди известных птиц можно отметить золотого орла, серую цаплю, зимородка, голубя, воробья, фазана, серую куропатку, различные виды ворона, зяблика, чайку, куропатку, сову и сокола.

Вокруг островов и вдоль береговой линии можно увидеть различные виды тюленей, китов и дельфинов.

Что касается ландшафта России, то на ее просторах мы можем встретить Арктическую тундру, большие извилистые реки, обширные равнины, горные цепи, холодные и глубокие моря, дремучие хвойные и лиственные леса. Поэтому в России обитают разнообразные виды животных: млекопитающих более, чем 300 видов; птиц боле, чем 700 видов, земноводных около 30 видов и рептилий около 80 видов. Вдоль побережья Арктического океана живут полярные медведи, моржи и тюлени. Северный олень, лемминг, арктическая лиса, заяц и горностай - привычные обитатели арктического побережья. Здесь же живут множество птиц, например, перелетные водоплавающие птицы - утки и гуси.

Огромные территории в России занимают леса. В лесах живут бурые медведи, волки, лоси, олени, рыси, росомахи, лисы, соболи, куницы, барсуки и свыше 200 видов птиц.

На севере России есть регион, называемый лесными степями. Здесь обитают норные животные: хомяки, лемминги, тушканчики, кроты, кролики, крысы, скунсы и земляные белки. Также здесь обитают птицы, например, выпь и ястреб.

К сожалению, неуправляемое коммерческое использование растений и животных привело в тому, что некоторые виды находятся на грани исчезновения. Это проблема для обоих стран. Например, за последнее тысячелетие некоторые виды животных исчезли в Великобритании, в основном в результате деятельности человека. Только 100 видов исчезло в Великобритании в 20 веке. Однако, некоторые виды, например, коричневая летучая мышь, красная лиса, серая белка приспособились к городским районам.

Какова же ситуация в России? Здесь мы видим одну и ту же проблему! Одниживотные находятся на грани исчезновения, а другие подвергаются опасности. Среди них сибирский (амурский) тигр, дальневосточный (амурский) леопард, снежный леопард, зеленый осетр, горал, морской орел стела, крохаль и блэкистон рыба-сова. А проблема сохранения таких важных животных как рысь, азиатский черный медведь, коричневый бурый медведь, желторотая куница, снежная овца и восемь видов лосося имеет первостепенное значение для страны.

Как мы видим, эти проблемы одинаковы в обеих странах.

А теперь поговорим о британской и российской флоре. Давайте обсудим британский и российский растительный мир.

Когда британские острова еще были частью континента, было зафиксировано 32 вида широколиственных деревьев, 3 вида хвойных и несколько видов кустов. Остальные деревья, растущие на территории страны, были завезены людьми: среди них можно обнаружить многие сотни видов деревьев и кустов, которые в настоящее время растут в Британии.

Наострове существует большое разнообразие деревьев, включая первичные виды березы, бука, ясеня, боярышника, вязь, дуба, тиса, сосны, вишни и яблока. Другие деревья были специально завезены из других частей Европы (частично из Норвегии) и Северной Америки. Завезенные деревья включали несколько видов сосен, каштана, клена, ели, платана и пихты, а также вишню, сливу и грушу. Самым высоким видом была дуглаская ель, два экземпляра которой достигали высоты 212футов (65 метров). Тис - старейшее дерево в Европе.

В Британии существуют, по крайней мере, 1500 разновидностей диких цветов. 107 видов из них особенно редкие, находятся на грани исчезновения и охраняются организацией Wildlife с 1981 года. Срывать дикие цветы без разрешения землевладельца незаконно. Голосованием в 2002 году было решено, что разнообразные дикие цветы будут служить для представления каждого графства. Туда входят красные маки, колокольчики, маргаритки, нарцисс, розмарин, дрок, ирис, плющ, мята, орхидея, ежевика, репейник, чертополох, лютик, примула, тимьян, тюльпан, фиалка, первоцвет, вереск и многие другие.

На обширной территории России тоже существует огромное число растений. Биологи спорят о том, что их более 11,4000 видов по всей стране. В России есть несколько почвенных и растительных зон, каждая из которых представлена своей флорой. Мох, лишайники, осока и карликовые кусты, такие как карлик-береза, ива и можжевельник - главные растения тундры.

Тайга, место хвойных лесов, составляет северную и центральную часть лесного массива. В ней преобладают сосны, ели и лиственница. Южную часть леса составляют в основном лиственные деревья, такие как дуб, осина, граб, липа, ясень, ольха, ель, клен и среди них береза.

Кавказские горы представляют собой не просто горный хребет. Это богатое место обитания для многих представителей природы, которые хорошо чувствуют себя на лесных склонах и альпийских лугах. В степной зоне можно найти такие различные растения, травы и кусты. Итаким образом, российская флора также разнообразна и уникальна.

Познакомившись с природой Великобритании и России, мы можем провести некоторые сравнения.

Во-первых, нет сомнения, что дикая природа двух стран отличается друг от друга. Это можно объяснить рядом факторов, таких как различия в размере территории, географическое расположение, климат, ландшафт и т.д.

Но в то же время мы можем увидеть сходства между двумя государствами. В обеих странах есть одни и те же виды животных, птиц и рыб. Также существует огромное число растений в двух странах и многие из них схожи.

На наш взгляд, в России и Великобритании существует одна общая проблема - проблема исчезновения некоторых редких видов животных, птиц и растений. Обе страны имеют общую задачу - предотвратить вымирание и сохранить исчезающие виды. Эта проблема может объединить ученых и людей из обеих стран, и все вместе, несомненно, смогут спасти уникальную дикую природу Великобритании и России. Эти страны могут объединить свои усилия для решения общей проблемы.

The climate in Great Britain is generally mild and temperate due to the influence of the Gulf Stream. The south-western winds carry the warmth and moisture into Britain. The climate in Britain is usually described as cool, temperate and humid.

British people say: "Other countries have a climate, in England we have weather."

The weather in Britain changes very quickly. One day may be fine and the next day may be wet. The morning may be warm and the evening may be cool. Therefore it is natural for the people to use the comparison "as changeable as the weather" of a person who often changes his mood or opinion about something. The weather is the favourite topic of conversation in Britain. When two Englishmen are introduced to each other, if they can"t think of any thing else to talk about, they talk about weather. When two people meet in the street they will often say something about weather as they pass, just to show their friendliness.

Every daily paper publishes a weather forecast. Both the radio and television give the weather forecast several times each day.

The English also say that they have three variants of weather: when it rains in the morning, when it rains in the afternoon or when in rains all day long. Sometimes it rains so heavily that they say "It"s raining cats and dogs".

Rainfall is more or less even throughout the year. In the mountains there is heavier rainfall then in the plains of the south and east. The driest period is from March to June and the wettest months are from October to January. The average range of temperature (from winter to summer) is from 15 to 23 degrees above zero. During a normal summer the temperature sometimes rises above 30 degrees in the south. Winter temperatures below 10 degrees are rare. It seldom snows heavily in winter, the frost is rare. January and February are usually the coldest months, July and August the warmest. Still the wind may bring winter cold in spring or summer days. Sometimes it brings the whirlwinds or hurricanes. Droughts are rare.

So, we may say that the British climate has three main features: it is mild, humid and changeable. That means that it is never too hot or too cold. Winters are extremely mild. Snow may come but it melts quickly. In winter the cold is humid cold, not the dry one.

This humid and mild climate is good for plants. The trees and flowers begin to blossom early in spring.

In the British homes there has been no central heating up till recently. The fireplaces are often used. but the coal is not used as it"s very expensive. Britain has no good coal now and imports it itself. Many schools and universities have no central heating either, and the floors there are made of stone. The British bedroom is especially cold, sometimes electric blankets or hotwater bottles are used.