Academician S.N. Fedorov. Svyatoslav Fedorov - biography, personal life: The scientist who opened his eyes

June 2 marks 10 years since the world famous Russian ophthalmologist Svyatoslav Fedorov died in a plane crash.

Ophthalmologist Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov was born on August 8, 1927. in the city of Proskurov (now the city of Khmelnitsky) in Ukraine in the family of the commander of a Red Army division. His father was repressed in 1938 and sentenced to 17 years in the camps.

In 1942, the family was evacuated to Armenia. After graduating from school in 1943, Svyatoslav Fedorov entered the Yerevan Preparatory Artillery School. In 1944 he was transferred to the 11th Preparatory School of the Air Force, but was unable to complete his studies because in 1945 he lost his foot as a result of an accident. Then he decided to devote himself to medicine.

In 1952 Svyatoslav Fedorov (RMI). In 1957 he graduated from clinical residency. In 1958 he defended his candidate's dissertation, in 1967 - his doctoral dissertation.

He worked as a doctor in the village of Veshenskaya, Rostov region and the city of Lysva, Sverdlovsk region. Since 1958, Fedorov headed the clinical department at the Cheboksary branch of the State Institute of Eye Diseases named after. Helmholtz.

In 1960, Svyatoslav Fedorov created an artificial lens and performed an experimental operation of artificial lens implantation. These operations were declared "unscientific" and Fedorov was fired. After the publication in Izvestia of Anatoly Agranovsky’s correspondence about the results of implanting an artificial lens, he was reinstated at work.

In 1961-1967 worked as head of the department of eye diseases at the Arkhangelsk Medical Institute.

In 1967, Svyatoslav Fedorov was transferred to Moscow and headed the department of eye diseases and the laboratory for artificial lens implantation at the 3rd Medical Institute.

In 1972, Fedorov performed the first operation, which marked the beginning of a new direction in ophthalmology - refractive surgery.

In 1973, Fedorov was the first in the world to develop and perform operations to treat glaucoma in the early stages. In 1974, he created a unique surgical technique for the treatment and correction of myopia.

In 1974, the laboratory headed by Svyatoslav Fedorov was separated from the 3rd Medical Institute and was named the Moscow Research Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Eye Surgery of the Ministry of Health of the RSFSR.

In 1974, a laser surgery department was created in the laboratory, which was later transformed into the Laser Surgery Center. Under the leadership of Svyatoslav Fedorov, several generations of domestic infrared lasers for refractive surgery were developed.

In 1979, Fedorov, for the first time in world practice, introduced a medical surgical conveyor for eye operations.

In 1979, the Institute of Eye Microsurgery was created on the basis of the laboratory, of which Fedorov became director.

In April 1986, the Interdisciplinary Scientific and Technical Complex "Eye Microsurgery" was created on the basis of the institute. Svyatoslav Fedorov became the general director of the Eye Microsurgery International Scientific and Technical Complex.

The MNTK created by him conducted completely independent economic activities, had a network of branches in the country and abroad, an aircraft specially equipped for operations and a sea vessel - the ophthalmological clinic "Peter the Great", sailing in the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean.

In the spring of 1990, Svyatoslav Fedorov received land in the Moscow region for MNTK's subsidiary farming. On October 28, 1992, the closed joint-stock company "Protasovo - MG" was registered, which is the legal owner of this land. Svyatoslav Fedorov was elected president of the society.

From February 1991 to 1993, Fedorov was a member of the Supreme Advisory and Coordination Council under the Chairman of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR Boris Yeltsin, later renamed the Supreme Advisory Council (VKS) under the President of the Russian Federation.

In 1989 he was a people's deputy of the USSR; in 1995-1999 - Deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation. In 1996, he took part in the presidential campaign, received more than 699 thousand votes in the first round, and took sixth place out of 11 candidates.

In 1991-1993 Svyatoslav Fedorov participated in the creation of a number of parties and movements and was a member of their governing bodies. In 1995 he created and led the Workers' Self-Government Party (PST).

Fedorov was a full member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (RAMS), a full member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences (RANS), a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS, since 1991, a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences since 1987).

Svyatoslav Fedorov was the author or co-author of 240 inventions, 260 patents and utility models, 126 foreign patents.

For his great services in the field of public health, Svyatoslav Fedorov was awarded the Order of the October Revolution, the Red Banner of Labor, the Badge of Honor, the Order of Lenin and the title of Hero of Socialist Labor. He had the title "Honored Inventor".

For scientific research in the field of ophthalmic surgery, Fedorov was awarded the highest award of the Academy of Sciences - the Lomonosov Gold Medal - and the Prize named after. M.I. Averbakh Academy of Medical Sciences. He was a laureate of the State Prize of the Russian Federation in the field of science and technology, as well as a laureate of the Palaeologus Prize (USA), Pericles Prize (Italy).

On June 2, 2000, Svyatoslav Fedorov died as a result of the crash of the MNTK "Eye Microsurgery" helicopter, in which he was returning to Moscow from a trip to Tambov.

On June 2, 2001, at the site of the tragic death of academician Svyatoslav Fedorov in Tushino (Moscow), at the intersection of the Moscow Ring Road and Salome Neris Street, the chapel of the Mother of God of Feodorov was opened. Every year, on the day of memory of the outstanding ophthalmologist, a memorial service is held in the chapel.

The material was prepared based on information from open sources

Genus. 1927, d. (died in a plane crash) 2000. Ophthalmologist, specialist in eye microsurgery. Founder (1986) and first director of the Interdisciplinary Scientific and Technical Complex "Eye Microsurgery". Corresponding member Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (1982), USSR Academy of Sciences (1987), RAS (1991). Hero of Socialist Labor (1987). Awarded the Gold Medal. Lomonosov Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1987). Fedorov, Svyatoslav Nikolaevich General Director of the Interindustry Scientific and Technical Complex (INTK) "Eye Microsurgery"; born on August 8, 1927 in Proskurov (now Khmelnitsky), Ukrainian SSR; graduated from the Rostov Medical Institute in 1952, residency in 1957, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor; Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1987), full member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences and the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences; He began his medical career as a doctor in St. Veshenskaya, Rostov region, then worked at the hospital in Lysva, Sverdlovsk region; since 1958 - in the Cheboksary branch of the State Institute of Eye Diseases named after. Helmholtz; 1961-1967 - Head of the Department of Eye Diseases, Arkhangelsk Medical Institute; 1967-1974 - head of the department of eye diseases and problem laboratory of the 3rd Moscow Medical Institute; in 1974 he headed the Research Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Surgery of the Ministry of Health of the RSFSR; 1979-1986 - Director of the Institute of Eye Microsurgery; since 1986 - General Director of the MNTK "Eye Microsurgery"; in 1989 he was elected as a people's deputy of the USSR under the CPSU quota, was a member of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, was a member of the Committee on Economic Reform and the Interregional Deputy Group; in 1990 he participated in the creation of the Union of Tenants and Entrepreneurs of Russia, was elected its first president, and since 1992 he has been co-president of this Union (together with P. Bunich); 1991-1993 - member of the Supreme Advisory Council under the Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation, then - under the President of the Russian Federation; in January 1995, at the founding congress of the Workers' Self-Government Party (PST), he was elected chairman of the Supreme Council of this party and remained so until the end of his life; in 1993, he ran for elections to the State Duma of the Russian Federation on the RDDR list, which did not overcome the 5 percent threshold, in 1995, on the PST list, which also did not gain 5 percent, and was elected as a deputy in the majoritarian constituency in Cheboksary; 1995-1999 - deputy of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the second convocation, co-chairman of the parliamentary group "Democracy", chairman of the subcommittee on the formation and financing of alternative forms of ownership in healthcare of the Committee on Health Protection; in 1996 nominated his candidacy for the President of Russia, in the first round he received more than 699 thousand votes (0.93%) and took 6th place out of 11 candidates); since 1996 - Chairman of the Chamber for Science, Health, Education and Culture of the Political Advisory Council under the President of the Russian Federation; since February 1998 - member of the Coordination Council of Domestic Producers; member of the Coordination Council of the public association "Russian Business Round Table", member of the International Russian Club; Hero of Socialist Labor; winner of the gold medal named after. M. V. Lomonosov Academy of Sciences of the USSR, prize named after. V. P. Filatov Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Paleologus Prize (USA), Oscar-87 Prize (USA), Pericles Prize (Italy);

Honored Inventor of the USSR; was married and had four daughters; He was fond of horse riding, swimming, and hunting; died in a helicopter crash in Moscow on June 2, 2000. While working in Cheboksary, in 1960 he created an artificial lens and conducted an experiment on its implantation.

However, the leadership of the Cheboksary branch of the Institute named after. Helmholtz declared these studies by S. Fedorov “unscientific.” He was fired but later reinstated after the Izvestia newspaper intervened in his defense.

Having continued his work in the field of artificial lenses in Moscow, in 1969 he began implanting artificial corneas, and in 1973, for the first time in the world, he developed and performed operations to treat glaucoma in the early stages.

In 1974, he created a unique method of surgical operations for the treatment and correction of myopia.

In 1979, for the first time in world practice, he introduced a medical surgical conveyor for eye surgeries.

On the basis of the laboratory of S. Fedorov, which was separated from the medical institute, an independent Research Laboratory was created under the Ministry of Health of Russia, which developed into the Institute of Eye Microsurgery, and then into the MNTK. MNTK conducted completely independent economic activities, had a network of branches in the country and abroad, an aircraft and a sea vessel specially equipped for operations. In the Moscow region, a subsidiary farm was organized, since 1992 - JSC "Protasovo", whose president was S. Fedorov.

In 1990, he was one of 17 deputies from the CPSU who voted at the Second Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR for the abolition of Article 6 of the USSR Constitution, which established the leading role of the party.

In the fall of 1991, he was considered as a likely candidate for the post of Prime Minister of Russia, but refused the offer. 1992-1993 - co-chairman of the PES, from which he left due to disagreement with K. Borov, who unconditionally supported the “presidential” draft of the 1993 Constitution, which Fedorov himself characterized as “monarchical”, which vested the president with excessive power and authority.

In September 1993, he signed a letter on behalf of MNTK employees, in which he called on B. Yeltsin to cancel the decree on the dissolution of Parliament and restore the functioning of the life support systems of the House of Soviets of Russia, which were turned off on his instructions.

Critically assessed the idea and results of “voucher privatization”. He advocated the transfer of the means of production to the ownership of labor collectives and the decisive participation of workers in the management of enterprises.

These ideas formed the basis of the program created and headed by him PST. In 1996, S. Fedorov's election program was presented as a “new Russian path” under the slogan “From economic slaves to a society of the rich.” It was directed against radical reforms and focused on market popular socialism, on building a socially just society based on self-governing labor collectives and a free individual entrepreneur.

It was proposed to “affirm the priority of collective-private property in production” and strengthen the role of man in the economy.

The program also proposed revising the results of privatization. On July 14, 1998, at a meeting with journalists, he announced that he had no intention of standing as a candidate in future presidential elections. “At my age - and I’m already 71 - it’s too late to run for president,” S. Fedorov emphasized.

According to him, he would be more suited to the role of the Russian Deng Xiaoping, the “gray eminence” of those economic reforms that should be carried out in Russia instead of the current ones.

Millions of people around the world have restored their vision and got rid of glasses forever, and Svyatoslav Nikolaevich went down in the history of world ophthalmology as a brilliant Russian doctor. But how did the brilliant career of an ophthalmologist begin, which made a huge contribution to world medicine?

How Svyatoslav Nikolaevich chose the profession of ophthalmologist.

At less than 16 years old, Fedorov entered the Yerevan Aviation School, but in 1945 he lost his foot and never became a pilot, as he dreamed of as a child. While in the hospital for a long time, Svyatoslav Nikolaevich realized how helpless medicine is in many cases, how doctors cannot help wounded and suffering people. After this, he decided to go to medical school to help people, and did so in 1947. The guy entered the Rostov University, where he was treated for a long time, and five years later he received a medical diploma. After graduation, he entered residency and five years later defended his Ph.D. thesis.

The doctor’s further work took place in the village of Veshenskaya, where the young surgeon finally realized that his calling was ophthalmology. The choice of this particular profession was not accidental. In the post-war years, life was not easy for students, and almost everyone worked part-time, trying to somehow provide for themselves. Fedorov also decided to earn extra money and took up photography - he took pictures, processed film and printed photos. Film cameras of that time resembled the human eye in structure, and the young doctor often wondered what spectrum of light the eyes could cover and what prevented this. These thoughts became defining moments in the life of a young surgeon who decided to connect his life with human vision.

Having not yet graduated from college, Fedorov has already performed one eye operation, which only confirms his talent and the right chosen specialty. On March 8, a mechanic was brought to the Department of Ophthalmology with a serious injury. The young guy damaged his eyeball with a piece of a chisel and the operation was planned to be very serious. For some reason, Associate Professor Lakshin, who taught at the department, entrusted this difficult matter to Fedorov. Svyatoslav Nikolaevich had no choice and, despite the difficulties, he performed the operation brilliantly and preserved the young man’s vision.

Over the course of his entire life, the ophthalmic surgeon, his students and assistants performed several tens of thousands of operations, restored and preserved vision for a huge number of people, not to mention more than 3 million patients operated on using Fedorov’s method all over the world.

The life path of the brilliant ophthalmologist Fedorov.

For six years Fedorov worked at a medical institute in the city of Arkhangelsk, where he held the position of head of the department of eye diseases, and only in 1967 he was transferred to Moscow, where the scientist became the head of the department of eye diseases and also led a problem laboratory. In this laboratory, operations were performed to implant an artificially created lens.

In 1972, ophthalmologist Fedorov performed the first operation, which opened a new direction in ophthalmology.

Founder of refractive eye surgery.

Even before the use of laser technology, people needed an effective method of vision correction, and Fedorov invented such a method. Keratotomy, an operation in which an incision is made in the cornea of ​​the eye to cure a person of myopia, was an innovation that was recognized in many countries around the world. At that time, it was Fedorov who introduced the practice of transferring knowledge to foreign colleagues using licensing contracts of the know-how type. More than 120 agreements were concluded, and specialists from around the world gained experience and knowledge about modern correction techniques.

Currently, refractive surgery is actively developing, safer and more effective methods are emerging, for example, excimer laser correction, through which thin layers of tissue are removed and the center of the cornea changes its shape. Today, there are more than 11 methods of refractive surgery, and the risk of complications after surgery is only 1%.

In 1974, Svyatoslav Fedorov headed the laboratory of the 3rd Medical Institute, which became a separate institution and became known as the Moscow Research Laboratory. In the same year, a laser surgery department was founded in the laboratory, which later became known as the Laser Surgery Center. Thanks to Fedorov’s activities, several generations of domestically produced infrared lasers have been developed for more accurate and safe refractive surgery operations.

In 1979, the inventor introduced a surgical conveyor belt that had no analogues in the world at that time.

Inventions, scientific works and awards of Fedorov.

As for innovation, the famous doctor owns 180 inventions, for which he was awarded the title “Honored Inventor of the USSR.” In addition, about 60 more inventions were created in collaboration with other scientists, 260 patents were acquired, including 126 foreign ones. However, the title for inventive activity was not the only recognition of merit.

The outstanding scientist had membership in the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences and the Academy of Natural Sciences, and was awarded the Orders of the October Revolution and the Red Banner of Labor. The doctor’s collection of awards included the Badge of Honor, the Order of Lenin, and the Lomonosov Gold Medal, the highest award of the Academy of Sciences. In addition to Soviet awards, Fedorov also received the State Prize of the Russian Federation, the Paleologus Prize from the USA, and the Pericles Prize from Italy. Back in 1994 in Canada, at the International Congress of Ophthalmology, Fedorov was recognized as “an outstanding ophthalmologist of the 20th century,” and until the end of his life he fully lived up to this title.

MNTK "Eye Microsurgery" is a large-scale creation of Fedorov.

Fedorov’s non-standard approach provided the establishment with original innovations, including the method of working in teams, rental contracts and mobile operating rooms equipped with the full range of necessary equipment, for example, a bus, a motor ship and a railway carriage.

Currently, 30% of all medical care in the field of ophthalmology in Russia comes from the MNTK, and the clinic’s scientific center trains talented young specialists who continue Fedorov’s life’s work - helping people, restoring vision and developing new, more advanced technologies.

Additional activities of Fedorov.

Inventive and political activities, management of the MNTK, research and operations - all this did not prevent Fedorov from raising four daughters. Three daughters – Irina, Olga and Yulia – followed in their father’s footsteps and work in the field of ophthalmology. Irina is a candidate of medical sciences. The fourth daughter, Elina, was educated as a Spanish philologist.

What helped an ordinary person, the son of a Soviet officer, become such an outstanding figure in world medicine, make so many discoveries in his life and at the same time create a large family? It probably has to do with the personal qualities of this person.

The main thing is energy and real, sincere desire.

Former colleagues and students of Fedorov note that the doctor was a multifaceted personality, full of energy and dedicated to his life’s work. He knew how to awaken bright emotions in people, never lost optimism and was recklessly bold. It was these qualities that helped him live his life with dignity, give the world many wonderful ideas and inventions and leave his name for centuries.

Svyatoslav Fedorovich died on June 2, 2000. The MNTK helicopter crashed while returning to Moscow from Tambov, and the life of an outstanding scientist was cut short. In memory of him, at the site of his death in Tushino, the chapel of the Mother of God of Feodorovskaya was founded, in which a memorial service is held on the day of the death of the Russian ophthalmologist.

A lot has been written about Svyatoslav Fedorov, an amazingly talented man, irrepressibly energetic, infinitely ambitious, amazingly responsive to other people’s pain and misfortune.He left to his relatives, friends, and colleagues the main thing in life - MNTK "Eye Microsurgery". He, the departed one, has something to be proud of. The rest of us have something to continue. Fedorov is a surgeon, a politician, a person... It is difficult to single out just one thing, because no matter what he did, he was both one and the other at the same time: a professional, a fighter, a personality. Here are just some fragments of his biography. In April 1986On the basis of the Institute of Eye Microsurgery, an intersectoral scientific and technical complex "Eye Microsurgery" was created. The rights of the MNTK were unprecedented: it had a foreign currency account, could serve foreign patients, independently set the number of employees and their wages, and engage in economic activities outside of medicine.

Svyatoslav Fedorov led the active construction of MNTK branches throughout the country (opened 11 in total, the Ekaterinburg center of MNTK "Eye Microsurgery" was opened as the seventh) and abroad (in Italy, Poland, Germany, Spain, Yemen, UAE), equipped a vessel - ophthalmological clinic "Peter the Great", floating in the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean.

During his life he managed to do many good and useful deeds. Tens of thousands of people regained their sight because Doctor Fedorov lived and worked in the world. But quite a few plans, ideas and plans remained unrealized due to the unexpectedly interrupted flight.

Some people accepted his ideas immediately, despite their unreality. Some categorically did not share his views, both in medicine and in politics, and did their best to interfere with their implementation. Fedorov left no one indifferent

On June 2, 2000, the life of the founder and general director of the Eye Microsurgery MNTK was tragically cut short. The death of Svyatoslav Nikolaevich, a world-famous ophthalmologist, excellent organizer and public figure, shocked everyone who knew him.

Svyatoslav Fedorov - Biography

One of the outstanding ophthalmologists of our time,born August 8, 1927 in the city of Proskurov (now Khmelnitsky) in Ukraine in the family of the commander of a Red Army division. Russian. His father was repressed in 1938 and sentenced to 17 years in the camps.

After graduationin 1943entered the Yerevan Preparatory Artillery School. In 1944 he was transferred to the 11th Air Force Preparatory School, but was unable to complete his studies because in 1945 he lost his foot as a result of an accident. In 1952 he graduated from the Rostov-on-Don Medical Institute (RMI).

In 1958defended his Ph.D. thesis in1967- doctorate. He worked as a doctor in the village of Veshenskaya (Rostov region) and the city of Lysva (Perm region). Since 1958, he headed the clinical department at the Cheboksary branch of the State Institute of Eye Diseases named after. Helmholtz.

In 1960created an artificial lens and performed an experimental operation to implant it. As a result of a conflict with the director of the branch, Svyatoslav Fedorov was fired, and his research was declared unscientific. But, after the publication in Izvestia of A. Agranovsky’s correspondence about the results of implanting an artificial lens, he was reinstated at work. The publication helped create a problematic scientific laboratory. IN1961-1967worked in Arkhangelsk as head of the department of eye diseases at the Medical Institute.

In 1967was transferred to Moscow and headed the department of eye diseases and the problem laboratory for artificial lens implantation at the 3rd Moscow Medical Institute. In 1969, he began implanting artificial corneas. In 1973, for the first time in the world, he developed and performed operations to treat glaucoma in the early stages (the deep sclerectomy method, which subsequently received international recognition).

In 1974The laboratory headed by Svyatoslav Fedorov separated from the institute and was named the Moscow Research Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Eye Surgery of the Ministry of Health of the RSFSR. In the same year, Svyatoslav Fedorov began performing operations to treat and correct myopia by applying anterior dosed incisions to the cornea using a technique he developed. This technique was subsequently widely used in the clinic of Svyatoslav Fedorov and its branches, as well as abroad. In total, over 3 million such operations have been performed worldwide.

In 1979On the basis of the laboratory, the Institute of Eye Microsurgery was created, the director of which was Svyatoslav Fedorov. As director, he introduced a number of innovations, such as a medical surgical conveyor (an operation is carried out by several surgeons, each doing a strictly defined part of it, and the main stage of the operation is performed by the most experienced surgeon), mobile operating rooms based on buses, and others.

In 1989was elected people's deputy of the USSR according to the CPSU quota. In the spring of 1989, before the First Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR, he became one of the initiators of the creation of the Moscow Deputy Club. Many of the achievements of this club were used at the First Congress by democratically minded deputies, who later joined the Interregional Deputy Group. In the Supreme Council he was a member of the Committee on Economic Reform. At the Second Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR, among 17 deputies, he voted for the abolition of Article 6 of the Constitution, which provided for the leading role of the CPSU.

Since February 1991 was a member of the Supreme Advisory and Coordination Council under the Chairman of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR Boris Yeltsin, later renamed the Supreme Advisory Council (HAC) under the President of the Russian Federation (Svyatoslav Fedorov was not included in the Presidential Council that replaced the HAC in February 1993).

In October-November 1991 Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov was considered as one of the likely candidates for the post of Prime Minister of Russia, but refused the offer to take this post.

In September 1993 signed a letter to President Yeltsin on behalf of the staff of the Eye Microsurgery International Scientific and Research Center demanding that the decree on the dissolution of parliament be canceled and that the life support systems of the White House, where the deputies were located, be restored.

He was a member of the CPSU from 1957 to 1990.In 1991-1993Svyatoslav Fedorov participated in the creation of a number of parties and movements (DPR, PES, RDPR), and was a member of their governing bodies. However, for reasons of principle (disagreement with program guidelines and tactical actions), S. Fedorov left these public associations.

In January 1995 based on numerous proposals from Russian citizens, he created and led the Workers' Self-Government Party (PST). The PST program is to ensure free, highly productive labor, connecting the employee with property, income distribution, and active participation in production management. The main thing is the person, the family, whose condition determines the condition of society. According to S. Fedorov, tax policy is designed to stimulate human labor and the development of production. Categorically rejecting shock therapy, which led to the impoverishment of the people, the merging of the state apparatus with mafia structures, Svyatoslav Fedorov advocated a diverse economy, the protection of national natural resources, the evolutionary path, the use of government regulation, a national idea, and the revival of spirituality.

S. Fedorov's authority as a political leader was very high. Having a qualified team of professionals, he decided to head the party list in the elections to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation inDecember 1995. Svyatoslav Fedorov received numerous appeals from citizens and work collectives, in which they asked him to nominate his candidacy for the post of President of Russia during the elections1996.

In April 1995Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov was elected a full member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (RAMS). He was a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAN), a full member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences (RANS).

Scientific activity of S.N. Fedorova was never an end in itself and did not contain abstract research. Each step was caused by the organic need to provide the most effective assistance to the patient, to restore high-quality vision to him as quickly as possible. Therefore, it is not surprising that the result of a huge number of scientific studies was the development of an invention.Svyatoslav Nikolaevich is the author of 523 scientific works, 7 monographs, 234 inventions, 108 patents. Under his leadership, 86 candidate and 25 doctoral dissertations were completed and successfully defended. .

For scientific research in the field of ophthalmic surgery S.N. Fedorov was awarded the highest award of the Academy of Sciences - the Lomonosov Gold Medal - and the Prize named after. M.I. Averbakh Academy of Medical Sciences. He was a laureate of the State Prize of the Russian Federation in the field of science and technology, as well as a laureate of the Palaeologus Prize (USA), Pericles Prize (Italy).

S. N. Fedorov was the Chairman of the Board of the All-Russian Scientific Society of Ophthalmologists, the editor-in-chief of the journal "Ophthalmosurgery", and also a member of the editorial boards of the journals: "Bulletin of Ophthalmology" (USA), "American Society of Implantologists" (USA), "Refractive Surgery" (USA) , "News of Eye Surgery" (USA), "European Journal of Implantation and Refractive Surgery" Svyatoslav Nikolaevich was a resident of the International Society of Keratorefractologists, an honorary member of the International Society for Artificial Lens Implantation, a member of the International Society for Phacoemulsification and Cataract Surgery, an honorary member of the International Society for Corneoplastic Microsurgery , member of the European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery. For great services in the field of public health S.N. Fedorov was awarded the Order of the October Revolution, the Red Banner of Labor, the Badge of Honor, the Order of Lenin / He had the titles “Hero of Socialist Labor” and “Honored Inventor”

June 2, 2000Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov died tragically in a plane crash.

In memory of Svyatoslav Fedorov...

When the founder of the Eye Microsurgery MNTK, academician Svyatoslav Fedorov, tragically died, all branches of the complex began to think about how to perpetuate his memory. Some got busts of Fedorov, others got portraits. And we at the Yekaterinburg center of the MNTK “Eye Microsurgery” wanted to make not just a sculpture, but to create something special, unusual, large-scale and amazing - after all, this is exactly what Svyatoslav Nikolaevich was.

We did not rely only on ourselves and invited the most talented craftsmen of the Urals to work on the idea of ​​creating a future monument. Proposals came from both young graduates of the local Academy of Architecture and from seasoned artists. As a result, the project of the Sverdlovsk Art Foundation was recognized as the best. Its specialists decided to add a Ural touch to the memorial by making a mosaic portrait of Svyatoslav Fedorov from natural Ural marble.

The rock of the required shades was found at one of the enterprises in the Chelyabinsk region. By special order, the stone was delivered to Yekaterinburg and handed over to the artists. It should be noted that they did a colossal job, because matching pieces of marble to each other in such a way as to convey the soul of a person and achieve photographic resemblance is very difficult. Without exaggeration, the craftsmen approached the matter with pinpoint precision. In total, work on the memorial to Svyatoslav Nikolaevich lasted almost a year. But it was worth it. For fifteen years now he has been guarding the Yekaterinburg center of the MNTK "Eye Microsurgery", and Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov remains close to the patients - with those for whom he served.

There are always fresh flowers near the monumental portrait of Fedorov. And every year on June 2, the day of the death of Svyatoslav Nikolaevich, patients, doctors, nurses and other clinic staff gather at the memorial to honor the memory of the great academician, teacher and doctor with a minute of silence...

And in 2015, the daughter of Svyatoslav Nikolaevich, Irina Fedorova, visited us. Today she is a titled ophthalmic surgeon, the head of a Moscow eye clinic and a successor to the work of her great father. Irina Svyatoslavovna came specifically to open – branch of the Yekaterinburg center MNTK “Eye Microsurgery”.

As a sign of friendship and respect, Irina Fedorova presented the Center staff with a portrait of Svyatoslav Nikolaevich. It was made by the talented Ural artist Nina Kostina. She portrayed Fedorov as we did not know him yet: young, full of hopes and grandiose plans. This painting took its rightful place in the new branch of the Laser Surgery Center on the street. Yasnoy, 31.

The Legend of the Legend: an essay by the famous writer and journalist A. Agranovsky

About young Svyatoslav Fedorov -"The Discovery of Doctor Fedorov" 1965

A real hero, scientist, courageous man, Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov, biography, whose personal life continues to interest the public even today, years after his death, is an example of unprecedented determination and will to live. The intensity of his life, the passion with which he devoted himself to every task, had such intensity that only a real hero could withstand such a rhythm.

Childhood and parents

On August 8, 1927, in the Ukrainian city of Proskurov, which today is called Khmelnitsky, Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov was born. Svyatoslav’s father was once a worker, then became a Red Army soldier, rising to the rank of brigade commander and the rank of general. In 1930, the family moved to Kamenets-Podolsky due to the transfer of his father. Nikolai Fedorov went through the First World War and the Civil War. He was a professional military man, a man of his word and honor. But when the boy was 11 years old, his father was arrested following a denunciation and sentenced to 17 years. Fedorov was labeled an enemy of the people. Svyatoslav tried his best to prove that he was no worse than others, perhaps it was then that a steely, fighting character began to form in him. After the arrest of the father, the family moves to relatives in Rostov-on-Don to avoid repression.

Studies

At school, Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov studied well, although chemistry was difficult for him. He also didn’t like writing essays, but he did well in a foreign language and graduated from school with a silver medal. Like many boys of that time, he was fanatically in love with aviation and dreamed of becoming a pilot. When the war began, Fedorov wanted to volunteer, but due to his youth, of course, no one took him into the army. Then, in 1943, he entered the Yerevan Preparatory School in order to quickly master piloting skills. For two years he studied hard, dreaming of the sky and how he would beat the enemy. But life turned out differently.

Tragic twist

In 1945, Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov, whose biography takes a sharp turn, gets into an accident. The young man was in a hurry to attend a festive evening at the school. While trying to catch up with the tram, he tripped and injured his left leg. At the hospital where he was taken, it turned out that his heel was crushed, and the doctor decided to amputate his foot and a third of his lower leg. Fedorov had to forget about aviation. He spent several months in the hospital and there he made several of the most important decisions in his life. He saw masses of crippled men who gave up and believed that their lives were over. Svyatoslav, overcoming the pain, began swimming and even won several competitions with full-fledged athletes. Then he realized that he had to work hard - and anything was possible. And for the rest of his life, Fedorov worked tirelessly. He proved to everyone that he was not disabled, and later many simply had no idea about his disability. The second decision made by the young man during these years is related to the choice of a professional field.

Medicine

In 1947, Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov entered the Rostov Medical Institute. After graduating in 1952, he entered residency and then graduate school. While still a student, Svyatoslav chose his specialization, ophthalmology. He realized that the human eye is a complex optical instrument and needs fine tuning. After graduating from university, he begins working as an ophthalmologist in the village of Veshenskaya, where the famous writer Mikhail Sholokhov once lived and worked. Fedorov has said more than once that the writer became a moral ideal for him for many years. In 1957 he defended his Ph.D. thesis. Fedorov spent his first one while still a student. He happened to operate on a mechanic who had a piece of an iron chisel embedded in his eyeball. The manipulation was extremely difficult, but Svyatoslav managed it and was able to save the patient’s sight.

Doctor's career

Since the mid-50s, Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov has been working as a practicing doctor. After the Don village, he moved to the Urals, where he practices eye surgery. While working in Cheboksary, he performed a unique operation for the USSR to replace the affected lens with an artificial one. Soviet medicine could not tolerate such a step, and Fedorov was fired from his job “for quackery.” He moves to Arkhangelsk, where he becomes head. Department of Eye Diseases at the Medical Institute. Quite quickly, a team of like-minded people forms around Fedorov, the fame of magic doctors spreads throughout the country, and people who dream of restoring their sight flock to Arkhangelsk.

In 1967, official confirmation of Svyatoslav Nikolaevich’s achievements came. He is transferred to Moscow, where he is at the Third Medical Center. Institute headed the department of eye diseases and headed the laboratory for the creation of an artificial lens. Here Fedorov begins to experiment with operations to install an artificial cornea. In 1974, Stanislav Nikolaevich's laboratory separated from the structure of the institute and became an independent research institution in the field of eye surgery.

Scientific activities

Since the 50s, Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov began to study science and did not abandon his research until the end of his life. In 1962, he created the best hard lens in the world, the so-called Fedorov-Zakharov lens. In 1967, he successfully defended his doctoral dissertation. In 1973, for the first time in the world, he performed surgical therapy for glaucoma in the early stages. The sclerectomy method he discovered has received worldwide recognition and is still used in all leading clinics in the world. In 1987, Fedorov became a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1995, he was elected a full member of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the Russian Federation.

Clinic

In 1979, the laboratory, managed by Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov, was turned into a research institute for eye microsurgery. And in 1986, the institute was transformed into the scientific and technical complex “Eye Microsurgery”. Fedorov performs the most complex operations, actively shares his experience with young surgeons, and conducts scientific research. The fame of his clinic reaches a global scale. Changes are just taking place in the country, a market economy is starting to work. And during this period, Fedorov showed himself in yet another form. The clinic had legal and financial freedom; Svyatoslav Fedorovich could set the cost of operations himself. Eye Microsurgery is starting to earn a lot, including in foreign currency. Fedorov established high salaries for doctors and staff, he creates comfortable conditions for patients. Over the course of several years, he opens several modern branches in the regions of the country where his best students work. Eye surgeries become commonplace, and Fedorov becomes a successful entrepreneur and wealthy person. But the clinic is also getting richer. In just a few years, he turns the complex into an entire empire. Eye Microsurgery not only has many branches in the country and abroad, but also a huge complex “Protasovo” with hotels and residential buildings, a dairy plant, a plant for the production of drinking water, two large enterprises for the production of frames, lenses, and surgical instruments. The clinic even had a specially equipped ship, the Peter the Great, on which operations were carried out. Fedorov built his own aviation facility for the clinic with a hangar, a helicopter, an airplane, a runway, a radio station and a gas station. The academician himself was in charge of everything, but there weren’t enough hands for everything, and in recent years many people began to appear in the clinic who only craved profit. This undermined the team spirit, discontent and envy appeared. For Fedorov, all this was a difficult problem.

Main achievements

Academician Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov made many discoveries in his life; he owns the right to 180 patents for various inventions. His main achievement is more than 3 million people around the world who have been successfully operated on using his technique. He published several serious works, which still allow us to develop ophthalmology today.

Awards

Fedorov Svyatoslav Nikolaevich, whose biography is filled with constant work, received many titles and awards during his life. In 1987 he was awarded the title of Hero of Social Labor. Fedorov was a holder of the orders: Lenin, Red Banner of Labor, October Revolution, Badge of Honor, Friendship. The list of his medals is very long, among them: the gold medal “Hammer and Sickle”, the medal named after. M. Lomonosov Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Svyatoslav Nikolaevich was awarded the title “Honored Inventor of the USSR.” In 2002, he was awarded the international title of “The Greatest Ophthalmologist of the 19th and 20th Centuries.” He has won many awards, including the State Prize of the Russian Federation, the Paleologus Prize, the Pericles Prize, and the. and M. Averbukh from the Academy of Medical Sciences.

Political activity

With the beginning of perestroika, Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov (photo attached to the article) became actively interested in politics. In 1989, he was elected people's deputy of the USSR and for 2 years participated in the lawmaking of a new, emerging country. He actively met with voters, conducted political campaigning, and served on the editorial board of the Ogonyok magazine. Fedorov created and led the party of self-government of workers, which was based on left-liberal views. In 1995, Stanislav Nikolaevich was elected to the State Duma. In 1996, he even participated in the presidential elections of the Russian Federation, taking sixth place with 0.92% of the vote. Having served one term in the Duma, Fedorov did not run for office again, since he did not see a real return from his activities, and he was a man of action and results. In the last years of his life he focused on developing the clinic.

Personal life

Fedorov Svyatoslav Nikolaevich, whose personal life interests many, was married three times. He exuded incredible charm and magnetism, and women fell in love with him instantly. If in his professional activities Fedorov was purposeful, assertive, and extremely hardworking, then in his private life he was a very calm and compliant person. He never scolded, considering this an unworthy thing, he loved to rely on someone else in everyday matters, and easily joined the opinions of other people. Therefore, some considered him henpecked, but, most likely, this was simply his position. At work he was a force and leader, and at home he was a companion and assistant. Fedorov Svyatoslav Nikolaevich, for whom the family was a safe haven, a refuge, treated women with respect and reverence, and therefore calmly gave them a leading role in everyday life. Although this did not relate to issues of principle - they could not be twirled like a puppet, he always adhered to his convictions.

Wives and children

Academician Fedorov had three wives in his life. The first marriage happened at the beginning of Svyatoslav Nikolaevich’s medical career. Lilia, the first wife, was a chemist by training. They met on vacation in a youth group, the girl was smitten by Fedorov’s advances. And six months later, secretly from her parents, she married him, coming to him. For the first six months, the couple lived in different cities, Lilia completed her studies at the institute. And then there were 13 years of happy life. Stanislav's letters to his wife, which are full of love and tenderness, have been preserved. The couple had a daughter, Irina. Since childhood, she was fascinated by her father’s profession and already from the 9th grade she knew that she would follow in his footsteps. Today she is a practicing surgeon, working at the Fedorov clinic. Fedorov's second wife was Elena Leonovna. This marriage also produced a girl, Olga. Today she is engaged in the activities of the memorial office at the Eye Microsurgery clinic. This marriage also broke up. Irene burst into Fedorov’s life. One day she came to his office to arrange an operation for her relative, and was immediately struck by the strength and energy of the surgeon. There were no children in this marriage, but he raised the two twin girls that Irene had from her first marriage as his daughters. Both girls today work at the Foundation for the Popularization of Surgeon Fedorov’s Methods. After the death of the head of the family, newspapers wrote about conflicts among the heirs. Fedorov Svyatoslav Nikolaevich, for whom children were a very important part of his life, until the end of his days maintained good, friendly relations with all his daughters, and arranged for them to work in various positions with him. But his relationship with his previous wives did not work out.

Hobbies and lifestyle

In addition to work and family, Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov, whose wives and children were a large, but not the only part of his life, had many hobbies. All his life he played a lot of sports: he swam and was an excellent horseman. He did not smoke, hardly drank, and was not a fan of any food. At 62, he was able to realize his youthful dream and took the helm of his own plane. He flew by helicopter to regional offices to conduct operations. His life, of course, was mostly filled with work, but he also managed to get pleasure from it.

Death and memory

On June 2, 2000, tragic news spread around the world: Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov died. His death was the result of a plane crash; he was at the controls of a helicopter that crashed due to malfunctions. After the death of the academician, his family repeatedly said that the tragedy was not an accident. But investigators and journalists never found evidence of this. The surgeon's memory was immortalized in the names of streets in cities such as Kaluga and Cheboksary. There are 6 monuments to Svyatoslav Fedorov erected in Russia. Two ophthalmological institutions in Moscow bear his name.