Analysis of the poem “Aibolit” by K. I

Chapter 3 Aibolit on two fronts - So, after the successful resolution of the story with the slander in your personal file, you, Savely Evseevich, again found yourself in the national team. How was your return? – Let me clarify: in the speed skating team there was a division into men’s and women’s. Respectively

“Doctor Aibolit” is a wonderful, kind story about how important it is to be merciful and sensitive towards everyone who is in trouble. The fairy tale teaches mutual assistance, empathy, and perseverance in achieving goals.

Brief summary of “Doctor Aibolit” for the reader’s diary

Name: "Doctor Aibolit"

Number of pages: 9. K. Chukovsky “Doctor Aibolit.” Publishing house "Enas-book". 2016

Genre: Fairy tale in verse

Year of writing: 1929

Main characters

Doctor Aibolit is a kind, caring doctor who is ready to undergo any tests for the sake of the recovery of sick animals.

A hippopotamus is an African resident who sent a telegram to the doctor asking him to save the animals.

Wolves, whales, eagles - animals and birds that helped the doctor get to Limpopo.

Karakula is a shark whose young have become ill.

Hippos, baby ostriches, baby sharks, grasshopper– sick animals in need of Aibolit’s help.

Plot

Doctor Aibolit was famous for his kindness and love for animals. Sick animals came to him, and he always helped them improve their health. He even sewed new legs on a little bunny that was run over by a tram.

One day the doctor received an urgent telegram from Hippopotamus, in which he begged Aibolit to quickly come to Africa and cure the sick animals. Without hesitating for a minute, the doctor hurried on the road. On his way he encountered bad weather, an endless blue sea, and inaccessible mountains. But with the help of responsive animals, Aibolit safely reached Limpopo. He immediately began treating sick children, and for ten days in a row he did not leave his little patients.

When the animals recovered, all the inhabitants of Africa began to sing and dance, praising the kind and sympathetic doctor.

Retelling plan

1. Reception of sick animals.
2. The bunny has new legs.
3. Urgent telegram from Africa.
4. Aibolit rushes to the rescue.
5. A tired doctor is being carried away by wolves.
6. The whale helps the doctor swim across the sea.
7. Eagles help to overcome high mountains.
8. Aibolit ends up in Limpopo.
9. Treatment of sick animals.
10. The long-awaited recovery of the children.
11. Praise of Aibolit.

Main idea

A doctor should always provide assistance to patients, no matter where they are.

What does it teach

Kindness is one of the most valuable qualities that helps make the world a better place. It is important to help each other and not leave those who need help in trouble.

Review

The story is very kind and instructive. A sensitive and responsive doctor set an example of how to treat others. He did not think about himself, but sought to help the sick as quickly as possible. This is exactly what you need to do - do good deeds as often as possible.

Proverbs

• Those who have never been sick do not value health.
• The patient is looking for a doctor.
• He who helped quickly helped twice.
• Road help on time.
• No matter how many children there are, I still feel sorry for everyone.

What I liked

What I liked about the fairy tale was that everything ended very well. The doctor got to the sick animals in time and cured them.

Reader's diary rating

Average rating: 4.6. Total ratings received: 8.

Chukovsky K. fairy tale "Aibolit"

Genre: literary fairy tale in verse

The main characters of the fairy tale "Aibolit" and their characteristics

1. Doctor Aibolit, kind and caring, never stops at obstacles in order to cure the animals.
2. Hippopotamus. Sent a telegram to Aibolit.
3. Karakula, a shark whose baby sharks were sick.

1. Aibolit under a tree
2. Treatment of animals
3. New bunny legs
4. Telegram from Africa
5. Aibolit walks through the forest
6. Aibolit sails across the sea
7. Aibolit climbs through the mountains
8. The animals are waiting for Aibolit
9. Aibolit arrives
10. Thermometers and eggnog
11. Recovery
12. Praise of Aibolit.

1. Doctor Aibolit was very kind and treated all the animals.
2. He receives a telegram from a hippopotamus that animals in Africa are sick
3. Aibolit walks through the forest and is helped by wolves
4. Aibolit swims on the back of a whale
5. The eagles deliver Aibolit to Africa and he begins to treat the animals.
6. The animals are recovering and everyone praises Aibolit.

What does the fairy tale "Aibolit" teach?
Teaches loves animals and helping them. Teaches how to take care of your pets, teaches you to contact a veterinarian if the animal gets sick. Teaches you to be kind and sympathetic.

Review of the fairy tale "Aibolit"
This is a very funny tale about a good doctor who, having learned about the illness of the animals, dropped everything and hurried to Africa. I really liked that Aibolit did not think about himself at all, but only worried about sick animals. Aibolit in this fairy tale is a real hero who sets an example of caring for nature.

Proverbs for the fairy tale "Aibolit"
He who helped quickly helped twice.
Road help on time.
Those who have never been sick do not value health.
The patient is looking for a doctor.
No matter how many children there are, I still feel sorry for everyone.

Read the summary, a brief retelling of the fairy tale "Aibolit"
The good doctor Aibolit loved to sit under a tree and treated all the animals that were brought to him. Once he even sewed legs on a bunny that was run over by a tram.
And then Aibolit receives a telegram from Hippopotamus, in which he asks Aibolit to come to Limpopo as soon as possible and cure his children.
Aibolit quickly gets ready to set off and rushes on foot through the forest. He falls from fatigue, but the wolves pick him up and carry him on.
Aibolit gets to the sea and then a whale comes and takes Aibolit across the sea. And now Aibolit is climbing through the inaccessible mountains, but eagles fly to him and he flies on wings.
At this time, all animals in Africa get sick - hippos, ostriches, rhinoceroses. And everyone is looking forward to Aibolit. Even the toothy shark Karakula.
And then Doctor Aibolit arrives and immediately begins to treat the animals. He puts thermometers on everyone and treats everyone to eggnog. And so on for ten days in a row.
And now all the animals are healthy, everyone laughs and rejoices, everyone praises the good doctor Aibolit, who cured them.

Drawings and illustrations for the fairy tale "Aibolit"

Komsomolskaya Pravda, No. 253
01. 12. 1936

K. Chukovsky, "Doctor Aibolit". Detizdat of the Komsomol Central Committee. 1936. 100 pp. C. 7 r.

Korney Chukovsky gave our children a new prose book “Doctor Aibolit”. The name of the hero and even his exploits are familiar to young readers from other works by Chukovsky. Nevertheless, the latest work, “Doctor Aibolit,” is an interesting and very significant literary phenomenon.

Finally, a thick book (100 pages) has been created, which all preschoolers will listen to with bated breath and read with great pleasure by small schoolchildren.

In the book "Doctor Aibolit" the main characters, in addition to the doctor, are the owl Bumba, the crocodile, the monkey Chichi, the parrot Karudo, the dog Ava and other animals and birds. This is not new. In recent years, our literature for preschoolers has paid a lot of attention to depicting the animal world. True, it was in vain that this world was narrowed down in front of the child; he only heard about bears, bunnies and cats. The appearance of translated fairy tales “How Brother Rabbit Defeated the Lion” and “The Tales of Uncle Remus” helped our children become familiar with other animals. But still, the educational value of this literature was low. In fairy tales, the true habits, habits and abilities of animals were not revealed to children.

We know that in fairy tales the techniques of spiritualization, revitalization of the forces of nature, anthropomorphism (endowing nature with human qualities), and hyperbolism (exaggeration) are of great importance. Chukovsky's merit is that, while preserving all the fairy-tale flavor of the story, the fantasy that captivates children so much, he was able to tell a lot of truth about every animal and bird. It fosters a love for animals and teaches them to treat them with care. From the very first page, children will hate the doctor's evil sister Varvara and the organ grinder who tortured the monkey. “Animals are not nasty,” says Dr. Aibolit. And these words run as the main motif throughout the entire book.

After listening to the fairy tale about Doctor Aibolit, little children will clearly understand that doctors are doing a good job. And who among us does not know the fear and hostility that grips children as soon as someone in a white coat appears in front of them or they have to go with their mother to the outpatient clinic.

Goats, foxes, cats, dogs, a crocodile, cranes, bats - everyone was treated by a good doctor. One day a horse comes: “My eyes hurt.” The doctor put glasses on her, and her eyes stopped hurting... And soon all the animals that had bad eyes received glasses from Dr. Aibolit. Now the baby understands why glasses are worn.

We may be accused of taking too one-sided an approach, of simplifying things, of trying too hard to find practical benefits in a fairy tale. This is an incorrect statement. What's wrong when a book that stands out with its simple but colorful language, a book that contributes well to the development of children's imagination, at the same time expands their horizons. Is it bad that the children agree with Aibolit, who praised the crocodile for eating Varvara’s dress: “And he did a good job... The skirt should be hidden in the closet, and not thrown out of the window.” The author imperceptibly and subtly speaks here about the need to maintain order and be neat.

You will read a fairy tale to a preschooler, and he will hear an interesting story about a swallow. Monkey Chichi opened the door and saw: “A swallow in winter! What a miracle! After all, swallows cannot stand frost and, as soon as winter comes, they fly away to hot Africa! Poor thing, how cold it is!” All this is so simple, understandable and convincing that the child remembers why swallows fly away in winter.

“We owls hear better than people,” says Bumba the owl. Penta Aibolit calls the eagles to search for the boy’s missing father. “Eagles have keen eyes,” says the doctor. “Eagles see far. When they fly under the clouds, they see every insect that crawls on the ground.” The dog Ava, talking about his amazing nose, states that “any puppy can smell smells that a person can never smell.” What follows are amazing descriptions of how a dog searches for a person, subtly distinguishing hundreds of smells floating around us. We repeat, few such lines have been written for preschoolers. The episode telling how rats flee from a sinking ship and warn about the danger of Aibolit, just like all the others, will, of course, be saddened in the child’s mind for a long time. Among the heroes of the book is a sailor. Chukovsky gave him the name Robinson. It is Robinson, and not any other. Robinson says little. He willingly provides Aibolit with his ship for a trip to Africa. This name will be deeply etched in the child’s memory. How happy he will be when, as an adult, he picks up a book by Daniel Defoe and meets there a name he heard in early childhood! A bold, successful attempt to gradually introduce children to types of world literature. Chukovsky dares to present the most complex natural phenomena and facts of life to his tiny readers. No one before him had written like this for children about a storm at sea, about a shipwreck or about pirates. We will not be surprised that in many rooms there will be “storms”, “shipwrecks” and, lounging on the floor, children will swim to safety. The author, describing lions, rhinoceroses and tigers, subtly teaches about the need for comradely mutual assistance and attention to the sick. But for children there is only one world. - What the tiger says, dad can also say. That is why, quite unnoticed, children absorb good advice and instructions found in fairy tales. After all, sometimes it’s boring to listen to the instructions of mom and dad. It is much more interesting when the same advice is presented by lions, tigers, swallows, and eagles. The enchanting powers of a fairy tale have a strong effect on the child’s psyche. Unfortunately, many parents do not take this into account.

Chukovsky, knowing well the children’s need to laugh, willingly meets their desires. Wherever possible, he emphasizes the comic, cheerful and joyful. And he's right. Raising a sense of humor in a child is a noble task. This feeling will help him in the future to maintain presence of mind, cope with adversity more easily and live more amicably in a team. We have no doubt that the book will be reprinted again and again. (Of course, Detizdat should significantly reduce its cost). E. Safonova’s drawings are artistically executed, significantly deepen all the images and facilitate the perception of the most complex things discussed in the fairy tale.

This could be the end of the review of Chukovsky’s book. But here we have a letter from one mother - Server Adgamova (from Kazan) in which she writes:

“I have a son, Tansyk... He especially loves reading fairy tales. He asks me a lot of questions about every book or fairy tale he reads. And I don’t know if I have the right to tell him directly that it’s all fiction. If I’m alone the other will begin to pull out the threads from which the fairy tale is woven, then in the end all its fabric will crumble, nothing will remain of it. And, on the other hand, I cannot tell him that witches exist or that a swan can turn into a person. You can’t deprive a child of a fairy tale either.”

In her letter, Adgamova expressed doubts, which, in all likelihood, are still shared by many parents. Parents are often afraid that fairy tales will leave a mark on them for life, that children will not be able to distinguish the unreal from the real, will become dreamers and will be poorly adapted to practical life.

All these concerns are not serious. They are the result of a persecution of fairy tales that took place relatively recently. For a number of years, unfortunate teachers and callous women from the People's Commissariat for Education have tried to deprive our children of the life-giving juices carried by fairy tales. By banishing fantasy from children's books, they thought that they were doing an arch-revolutionary thing. Poor-minded educators considered it necessary to fill children with naked “political” slogans, essentially blocking the entire richly diverse world of reality from children. If some “leftists” preached the stupid anti-Leninist theory of the withering away of the school, then others at that time erased everything bright and fantastic from children’s books. The thoughtlessness of these people is evident from the fact that they seriously believed that introducing children to the history of the past or to the animal world takes them away from “modernity.” They contributed to the trivialization of children’s literature and the narrowing of its topics. Because of this, many teachers and counselors still do. They talk to the children about the exciting events of today in dry language, devoid of memorable images.

By reading fairy tales to a child, we take him out of the circle of limited sensations and ideas that he creates while playing in the room or on the street. Fairy tales teach us to understand the connection between phenomena, enrich the vocabulary and often change the child’s actions. It is imperative to point out the enormous importance of fairy tales for nurturing imagination in children. Unfortunately, we pay little attention to this. But there is no profession in which a rich imagination would not help in its work. Lenin once said about fantasy: “It is in vain to think that only a poet needs it. This is a stupid prejudice! Even in mathematics it is needed, even the discovery of differential and integral calculus would have been impossible without fantasy. Fantasy is a quality of the greatest value...” (vol. XXVII, p. 266).

It is appropriate to recall facts from the life of Karl Marx. Paul Lafargue, in his memoirs about Marx, * says that on Sundays, when Marx was relaxing with his family, during walks out of town, he constantly told “wonderful, magical tales that went on endlessly, composing them along the way, stretching them out, or, conversely, , accelerating events, depending on the length of the remaining path - Marx had an incomparable poetic fantasy...".

Marx's daughter Eleanor recalls that Marx was "an unsurpassed teller of fairy tales" and that the telling of one of Marx's tales lasted month after month. “It was,” she writes, “a whole series of fairy tales. It’s a pity that there was no one to write down these fairy tales, so rich in poetry, wit and humor.”

Comrade Adgamova! Don't ruin the fairy tale in your child's eyes. When he builds a train, a ship or a store out of chairs, he knows that it is not real. Or rather, such a question does not arise before him. The game is his life. As he grows up, he learns more and more deeply about the relationships between phenomena, cause and effect, and begins to evaluate everything differently. “... Yes, we will see an international world revolution,” Lenin said in 1918, “but for now this is a very good fairy tale, a very beautiful fairy tale - I fully understand that children tend to love beautiful fairy tales. But I ask: a serious revolutionary Is it common to believe fairy tales? Every fairy tale has elements of reality: if you presented children with a fairy tale where the rooster and the cat did not speak human language, they would not be interested in it" (vol. XXII, p. 324).

Comrade Adgamova is right about one thing: we will not recommend every fairy tale to children. We will not give our children a mystical fairy tale or one that preaches bourgeois, Christian morality. But how many interesting fairy tales from peoples all over the world can still be republished!

Another burning issue: we don’t have enough fairy tales with modern themes and about the near future. There are several attempts to create Soviet fairy tales, but so far they have been unsuccessful. The most successful, in our opinion, is the tale about the civil war written by Gaidar (it’s strange why Detizdat doesn’t re-publish it). We do not agree with Chukovsky, who states that this fairy tale by Gaidar, “despite the fact that it has such a valuable plot, is completely false and tasteless.” (Chukovsky “From two to five”, p. 143).

Our magazines “Murzilka”, “Chizhe” and others also lack modern fairy tales. Authors don't write and editors don't bother. This cannot be tolerated. Our heroes, the glorious present, the future communist society, the age of technology, the struggle of socialism with capitalism provide exceptionally rich opportunities for creating vivid Soviet fairy tales. Fairy tales, rich in invention, foresight and impressive images of heroes - this is what our children lack. Millions of children and parents have the right to demand such a fairy tale from Soviet writers.

A. BOYM

* Selected works of K. Marx, vol. I, p. 68. Ed. Institute of Marx - Engels - Lenin. 1933