What is adjacency control. Main types of subordinating connections

Connection of words in a phrase: agreement, control, adjacency

Target : introduce various methods of communication in phrases,teach to identify methods of communication in phrases, construct them, consolidate the concept of the structure and meaning of phrases, consolidate the ability to make diagrams.

Methodical techniques:repetition of what has been covered, explanation from the teacher, construction of phrases, work with diagrams, vocabulary work.

Lesson progress

1. Org. moment.

2. Recording words in a dictionary.

Tradition, ideal, scholarship, scholarship holder, devotion, rally, candidate, delegate, deputy, monument, obelisk.

Checking homework (exercise 65), “in a chain”.

3. Student survey.

-What is a phrase called?

Tell us about the structure of phrases?

What are the main features of phrases?

What general types are phrases divided into based on their morphological properties?

What does the collocation scheme show?

Practical tasks to consolidate the material.

Selective dictation.

Words are written on the board. Write down only the phrases.

Near the forest, coniferous forest, the forest is noisy, the forest and the field, the table clock, the reception clock, the clock has stopped, the investigation is over, play masterfully, I play on the computer, dry summer, during the game, from drought and heat, for an hour.

Explain why the phrases are not: near the forest, forest and field, from drought and heat, for an hour.

4. Working with ex. 66, p. 31. We work orally.

5. Explanation of new material. Working with material p. 7, p. 32.

1. connection of words in a phrase..

Independent parts of speech are combined into phrases using three types of communication: coordination, control, adjacency. The type of connection is determined by the grammatical properties of dependent words.

1. Coordination. Students are asked to write down phrases in a column, leaving the first line for writing after the explanation; find main and dependent words; determine which part of speech the dependent word is expressed by; Write down the patterns of word combinations in the column on the left.

Unpleasant news adj. + noun

Excellent result adj.+ noun

Coastal thickets adj. + noun

The approaching storm proverb + noun

This haven of places.+ noun.

Second invitation no. (order)+ noun

if the dependent word answers the questions what? which? whose?, then this type of communication is coordination. The dependent word agrees with the main word in gender, number and case. (we write down questions, diagrams and type of connection on the board).

Questions:

What parts of speech can answer these questions? (Adjectives, possessive pronouns, ordinal numbers, participles)

Give examples of coordination. (early autumn - early autumn, your own game - your own game, the fifth element - the fifth element, the attending physician - the attending physician).

2) Management.

X__________

Reduction to the denominator of nouns. + noun

X________

Saw a ghost ch. + noun

X__________

Rush to you ch. + places

X________

Think about the problem in Chap. + noun

If the dependent word is a noun or words with the characteristics of a noun, this is control. The main word controls the dependent. When controlling, the form of the dependent word does not change when the form of the main word changes: study at school - study at school; schoolmate - schoolmate, meet you - met you).

3) Adjacency.

X__________

Arrive unexpectedly + adv.

Gently touch adv. + undefined form ch.

Very carelessly adv. + adv.

X__________

Slept sitting up + participle

X__________

He spoke smiling. + participle

If the dependent word is an adverb, gerund, or initial form of the verb, it is an adjunct. The dependent word is adjacent to the main word in meaning: to think quickly, quite quickly, naval pasta, I walked along humming, I’m going to leave.

2. The meaning of phrases.

There are three types of meanings in the phrase: attributive, adverbial, and additional.

1) The attributive meaning is expressed in phrases where the dependent word means a feature of an object and answers questions of definitions (which, which? Whose?): the seventh seal, mother’s gloves, the girl with blue eyes, my friend.

2) adverbial meaning is expressed in phrases where the dependent word means an action or sign, and the dependent word means a sign. The addict answers questions of circumstances (where? when? how? why? for what purpose, etc.): fishing on the lake, getting up early, shivering from the cold, called to protect.

3) Additional meaning is manifested in phrases where the main word also means an action or sign, and the dependent word is the object in relation to which this action is performed or this sign is manifested. The dependent word answers questions of additions (questions of indirect cases: read the chapter, hug your grandmother, talk to you, far from the shore.

Securing the topic.

6. Working with ex. 71, p. 34. We do it in writing, with comments “in a chain”.

7. Explanation of new material. Working with material p. 7, p. 35-36.

8. Working with ex. 77, p. 37.

9. Independent work with exercise. 72, page 34

10. Test work on the degree of assimilation of the studied material. Test work.

Which pairs of words are not phrases?

A. the bear roared

B. roared furiously

V. roared and grabbed

G. grabbed the overalls

Find the phrase based on its grammatical feature -

"action and its sign"

A. go down the mountain

B. jogging

V. easy to overcome

G. walk through the forest

Mark the phrases whose type of connection is agreement.

A. sit in the car

B. happy music

V. very warm

G. smile happily

Mark the phrases whose type of connection is management

A. waving flag

B. was not interested in anything

V. walked slowly

D. attend the rally

Mark the phrases whose type of connection is adjacency.

A. gray with dust

B. very dirty

B. turn left

D. return from a hike.

Find errors in management.

A. store director

B. rely on facts

B. believes in victory

D. confidence in victory

D. z. & 7, ex. No. 8

Topic: Participles in phrases. Adjacency

Lesson type: lesson on discovering new knowledge.
Goals as student activities:
M/n: analyze, compare, summarize, classify, draw conclusions, process and transform information from one form to another (keywords, algorithm, diagram), use listening skills.
M/c: negotiate and come to a common decision in joint activities, exercise mutual and self-control, build reasoning.
6LR: analyze the syntactic connections between the gerund and the predicate verb, the gerund and words dependent on it, determine the type of connection - adjunction, distinguish it from agreement and control.
3LR: construct phrases and sentences with participles, determining their connections with other words.

Lesson steps
Lesson progress
Formation of UUD and assessment technology, spiritual and moral education

I. Organizational moment.
Greetings. Checking readiness for the lesson. Identification of missing persons.

II. Language warm-up.

Repetition of the theory.
Continue the sentences started by the teacher:
- The participle is-
-The participle combines signs
-The participle is like an adverb
-The gerund is formed using...
-The participle in a sentence is
-An adverbial phrase is-
-The participle and participial phrase in writing are always
Exchange notebooks and cross-check with the slide.
2.Aural graphic dictation
The teacher reads the sentences. Students determine by ear the presence or absence of a gerund (adverbial phrase) and its place (beginning, middle, end of the sentence). In notebooks only graphic notations are made:

Two people work on closed boards.

1. Gaidar wrote his books in a very special way. 2. He walked around the garden and muttered, telling aloud to himself a new chapter from the story he had begun. 3.Then he corrected it on the fly, changing words and phrases, laughed, frowned, and then went to his room.
4. When preparing to read a new story to me, Gaidar did not take any manuscript out of his pocket. 5He stopped, put his hands behind his wide back and, swaying, began to calmly and confidently read the story by heart.6. He read page after page, almost never missing a beat.
Collective review with commenting.

Full syntactic analysis of sentence 5.

Cognitive UUD
1. Proficient in different types of listening (introductory, selective).
2. Analyze, group, generalize, establish analogies.
3. Represent models of objects in a symbolic form.

III. Updating what has been learned with elements of checking homework.
-What participle did you come across in the sentence?
What are its morphological characteristics?
Give an example of a morphological analysis of one of the gerunds from your homework (optional).
2. – Select features common to gerunds and adverbs. (Feature of action, secondary action, immutability, form of comparison, circumstance, type.) (Immutability, circumstance.)

Cognitive UUD
1. Analyze, compare, group.
2. Establish analogies.
3. Identify patterns based on observations.

IV. Introduction to the topic of the lesson.

What are the names of the semantic segments presented on the screen? (Phrase combinations)
What special verb form does each of them have? (gerund participle)
Knowing these key words, formulate the topic of the lesson. (Adverbial participle in a phrase.)
Read the topic of the lesson and make sure you are right. What other word is present in the topic statement? (Adjacent)
What do you need to remember to move on to studying this topic? (What is adjunction. A type of subordinating connection in which the dependent word does not change.)
Write down phrases with adjacency from the sentence in the language warm-up.
How do you find this connection? What is the first “step” in your quest? (Find an adverb and see what word it is associated with.)
(5He stopped, put his hands behind his broad back and, swaying, calmly and confidently read the story by heart.)
Read calmly, read confidently, read by heart.
Can there be any other words, besides adverbs, that are connected by adjacency? (Which do not change: gerunds, indefinite form of the verb).
Prove it by writing out this phrase and indicating the syntactic connection.

X
Chitatl (how?) swaying.

Regulatory UUD
1. Make assumptions based on observations.
2. Establish an algorithm of actions.

V. Solving the problem. Discovery of new knowledge.

1. Observation.
Ex. 308 – observation of the syntactic connections of gerunds with main and dependent words.
Work in pairs on questions and tasks for the exercise.
Formulate the 1st conclusion: what is the connection between gerunds and words dependent on them? Show with examples.
Formulate the 2nd conclusion: what is the connection between gerunds and the main words for them - predicate verbs? Prove with examples.
2. Theory.
Reading text in a frame.

Present the types of connections between gerunds in a phrase using a diagram. (See the materials on the subject disk - interactive graphic diagram “Gerundial participles in phrases” - first a diagram with gaps is given, then a check is provided via the hyperlink.)

What phrases illustrate the subordinating relationship management? (I put my hands behind my back, read the story)
- Why didn’t you call He stopped? (Not a phrase - grammatical basis)
What else is not a phrase? (Homogeneous members).

What other types of connections in a phrase do you know? Can gerunds form these types of connections? Why?
- Find in the sentence a phrase with a subordinating connection agreement (wide back).
Regulatory UUD
1. Look for ways to solve the problem.
2. Carry out cognitive and personal reflection.

Cognitive UUD
1. Highlight the main thing, reduce information to keywords.
2. Analyze, compare, draw conclusions, establish patterns.
3. Convert information from one form to another (make a diagram, present a model, select analogies).

Communicative UUD
1. Be proficient in monologue and dialogic speech.
2. Adequately use speech means to solve educational problems.

VI. Lesson summary.

Remember what adverbs and gerunds have in common (see the actualization stage). (Immutability, circumstance.)
What else can complement this similarity? (Adjacency.)
What is the main indicator when determining the type of connection - adjacency? (Immutability of the dependent word.)
Work in groups.
Complete the information in the diagram about the studied types of connections between words in a phrase. (See the subject disk material for § 32 and the addition in the dotted box.)

TYPES OF SUBORDINATION CONNECTION

coordination control adjacency
13 SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT 1415
13 SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT 1415 13 SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT 1415 13 SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT 1415
adjective
noun
adverb

Communion
place-noun
participle

local - adj.

number order

Practical part.
Replace the phrase WITH DIFFICULTY TRAINED, built on the basis of management, with a synonymous phrase with the connection adjacency.
Replace the phrase EXCITEDLY ASKED), built on the basis of adjacency, with a synonymous phrase with the connection management.
Replace the phrase LINDEN BARRELS, built on the basis of CONCORDING, with a synonymous phrase with the connection management.
Replace the phrase LOG FENCE, built on the basis of coordination, with a synonymous phrase with the connection management
Replace the phrase WITH THE PARENTAL ESTATE, built on the basis of agreement, with a synonymous phrase with the connection management.

Reflection.
Group review test.
Regulatory UUD
1. Correlate the goals and results of your activities.
2. Develop evaluation criteria and determine the degree of success of the work.
Cognitive UUD
1. Draw up an algorithm of actions.
2. Analyze, compare, group; design.

Communicative UUD
1. Argument, build a coherent monologue statement.
2. Provide mutual assistance and exercise mutual control.

VIII. Homework.

N Ex. 311 – write down all phrases from one sentence, determine the types of connections between words (one sentence for a row).
P Select material for language warm-up, create assignments for it (computer presentation).

© Balass, 2015

DEPENDENT WORD

Figure 1Figure 1vHeading 5u–Heading 6vHeading 715

B3 - types of subordinating connection

Teacher's comments

Syntax. The concept of sentence and phrase

Syntax is a section of grammar that studies the structure and meaning of phrases and sentences.

A sentence is a basic unit of syntax that expresses a thought, containing a message, a question or an incentive. The sentence has intonation and semantic completeness, i.e. it is framed as a separate statement.

It's cold outside (message).

When does the train leave? (question).

Please close the window! (motivation).

The offer has grammatical basis(subject and predicate). Based on the number of grammatical stems, sentences are divided into simple (one grammatical stem) and complex (more than one grammatical stem).

The morning fog over the city has not yet cleared, although it has thinned(simple sentence).

The one with the gold tooth turned out to be a waiter, not a swindler(complex sentence).

According to the nature of the grammatical basis, simple sentences are two-part and one-part.

Based on the completeness of their implementation, proposals are divided into complete and incomplete.

According to the purpose of making sentences, there are narrative, motivating and interrogative.

According to the intonation of sentences there are exclamation marks And non-exclamatory.

By phrase two or more words are called, united in meaning and grammatically (using subordinating connection).

A phrase consists of a main and a dependent word. From the main word you can ask a question to the dependent one.

Go (where?) into the wilderness.

Charging (what?) the battery.

A phrase, like a word, names objects, actions and their signs, but more specifically, precisely, because the dependent word concretizes the meaning of the main thing. Let's compare:

Morning - summer morning;

Sleep - sleep for a long time.

There are three types of subordinating connections between the main and dependent words in a phrase: agreement, control and adjacency.

There is such a thing in linguistics as a subordinating relationship. In Russian, subordinating connections occur in phrases and sentences. This happens in speech all the time. But what is a subordinating phrase and clause?

First, let's look at what a subordinating relationship means. It connects independent (notional) words and phrases with each other through the fact that one part is the main one and the other is the dependent one. This is very easy to check. From the main part you can ask a question to the dependent part. Such a connection is determined both in meaning and grammatically. For example, a beautiful flower, where from the word “flower” you can ask the question “which one?” to the word “beautiful” and determine that the dependent adjective here is.

Types of subordinating connections in phrases

Coordination

The gender, number and case form of the dependent part are fully consistent with the main part, that is, they are similar to it. From the main word you can ask questions “which?” and “whose?” (these questions may vary depending on the form).

When agreeing, the main noun is always the noun, and the dependent ones can be:

1. Adjectives: blue sea, clear image, bright light.
2. Ordinal numbers: first place, (on) the tenth floor, hundredth film.
3. Participles: a person writing, a running kitten, a bouncing ball.
4. Possessive pronouns (except their, his, her): our hearts, my treasure.

Coordination also can be complete or incomplete. In the first case, the dependent word in all forms is likened to the main one, and in the second case - only partially. But the incomplete form rather concerns only exceptions and vernaculars. An example of incomplete (or partial) agreement is the case when a word denoting a profession (as we know, many such words are in the masculine form, but the person himself can be a woman) has an adjective next to it, but in a different gender (our doctor).

Control

When controlling, the dependent word changes under the influence of the main word only by case, one word “controls” the other. Control phrases can be: verb + noun, gerund + noun, participle + noun, two nouns or cardinal number + noun. Happens two types of control: with a preposition, when there is a preposition, or without a preposition. When controlling, the dependent word is asked an indirect case question or an adverbial question (where, to where, from where), since the word can answer two questions at the same time.

Examples: smoking a cigarette, living in a house, a toy cat, six players, dropping out of school, writing books.

Adjacency

With this type of connection, one part is “adjacent” to another. In other words, such phrases determined only by meaning, since both parts retain all their shapes. The main sign of adjacency is that the dependent word is an unchangeable part of speech (the infinitive of the verb, the gerund, the adverb, the pronouns his, her, their).

The main difference from management and coordination is precisely the “independence” of the parts and dependence on each other only in meaning. An adjacency is a connection between two nouns if they denote a name (Lake Baikal, the country of Russia, the Volga River). You can ask an adverbial question (not to be confused with management!): what to do, what to do, what by doing, what by doing and whose (his, her, theirs).

Examples: his jacket, planet Earth, live well, drive without stopping, grew up quickly.

Phrases that do not have a subordinating connection

• Word and functional part of speech (near the house).
• Compound words (more vivid).
• Words joined by the conjunction “and”.
• Phraseologisms.
• Verb and subject.

Subordinating communication in sentences

Sentences also have a subordinating relationship, but this only applies to non-complex sentences. A complex sentence differs from a complex sentence in that both parts cannot be broken. If they are used separately, the sentence will lose its meaning, while parts of a complex sentence can be completely use separately from each other and divide the letter with a dot.

The types of subordinating connections in such sentences are distinguished only if there are several subordinate clauses. For example: he told me that he would only go to the place where he was directed. Here we see one main clause and two dependent clauses.

• sequential;
• parallel;
• homogeneous.

Sequential a sentence can be determined if a question goes from the main part to a subordinate clause, and from this subordinate clause to another subordinate clause. For example: I bought a jacket (which one?), which was sewn for me in an atelier (which one?), which is located far from my home.

At parallel In the form of subordination to all subordinate clauses, questions from the main part are asked, but from different words. Thus, a sort of “parallel” is obtained. In such cases, usually the main part is located between the dependent ones. (Example: when the school bell rang, I was talking to a new classmate who had recently transferred to our class).

At homogeneous In this type, dependent clauses refer to the same word in the main part. (For example: today I went for a walk in the park, where there are usually very few people and where I forgot my jacket).

Coordination, Control, Adjacency remind? and for example, if it’s not difficult!

1. 
   
   Adjunction is a type of subordinating connection in which the words in a phrase are connected only by meaning (speak while smiling, invite to enter
2. Coordination is a type of subordinating connection in which the dependent word is used in the same forms as the main one (tiny creature, grown flower).
   Control is a type of subordinating connection in which the dependent word is placed with the main word in a certain case (to be interested in art, to be at the guardhouse).
   Adjunction is a type of subordinating connection in which the words in a phrase are connected only by meaning (speak while smiling, invite to enter).
3. Coordination is a type of subordinating connection in which the dependent word is used in the same forms as the main one (tiny creature, grown flower).
   Control is a type of subordinating connection in which the dependent word is placed with the main word in a certain case (to be interested in art, to be at the guardhouse).
   Adjunction is a type of subordinating connection in which words in a phrase are connected only by meaning (speak while smiling, invite to enter)
4. Control is a type of subordinating connection, where the dependent word is located with the main word in the form of an indirect clause.
5. they said everything correctly, but in short, control - one word controls another and puts it in a certain case
   agreement - the words are “agreed”, that is, both words are in the same form
   adjacency - a type of connection in which words are adjacent only in meaning
6. agreement is a type of subordinating connection in which the dependent word is used in the same forms as the main one (tiny creature, grown flower).
   Control is a type of subordinating connection in which the dependent word is placed with the main word in a certain case (to be interested in art, to be at the guardhouse).
   Adjunction is a type of subordinating connection in which the words in a phrase are connected only by meaning (speak while smiling, invite to enter).
7. These are three ways to connect words in a phrase. Agreement - a pair of words “agrees” with each other, that is, they are combined in gender, number and case, a classic example of agreement is noun. + adj. (red tie). Control is a pair of words where one word is the main one, that is, it controls the other, thus changing the form of the other word - this is usually a verb and other parts of speech (drink tea, embroider a pattern, dig a garden bed).
   Adjacency - a pair of words adjacent to each other without affecting each other's form, usually one of a pair of adverbs (to speak loudly).
8. Think for yourself
9. ayapyvyap
10. When adjoining, the dependent word is always an unchangeable part of speech (YELL LOUD)
    When agreeing, you need to change the main words and see what happens to the dependent one. If the dependent word changes after the main one. this is an agreement (WILD CAT, WILD CAT, WILD CAT)
    When controlling, the main word changes, and the dependent word can change, but does not change when the main word changes (EDG OF THE EARTH, END OF THE EARTH; RACE FROM THE MOUNTAIN, RACE FROM THE MOUNTAIN, RACE FROM THE MOUNTAIN)
11. I don’t know the rule, but I can tell you exactly how to distinguish this bad guy:
    agreements answer the questions of the adjective: which? which?
    n. p.: beautiful rainbow rainbow (which one?) beautiful

    control is used with a preposition (but can also be an adjunct, so it’s better to check with a question). management answers the questions of the genitive case: whom? what?
    n. p.: Read (about whom?) to yourself