OFFER

Offer - this is a word or group of words that are related in meaning; from one word to another you can pose a question. A sentence expresses a complete thought.

The first word in a sentence is written with a capital letter, and a period, exclamation or question mark is placed at the end of the sentence.

Every sentence is spoken for a purpose.

According to the purpose of making sentences, there are : narrative, interrogative. incentive.

Declarative sentence - this is a sentence in which something is reported (narrated).

Interrogative sentence is a sentence in which something is asked.

Incentive offer - this is a sentence in which they encourage action, advise or ask to do something.

By intonation there are offers exclamation and non-exclamation.

exclamation clause is a sentence that is pronounced with strong feeling. An exclamation point (!) is placed at the end of an exclamatory sentence.

Non-exclamatory sentence is a sentence that is pronounced calmly, without strong feeling. A period (.) or a question mark (?) is placed at the end of a non-exclamatory sentence.

The offer includes main And minor members.

Main members of the proposal - this is the subject and the predicate.

Subject - this is the main member of the sentence, which names what or whom the sentence is about. The subject answers the question who? or what? The subject is emphasized by one line.

Predicate - this is the main member of the sentence, which denotes what is said about the subject, names what the subject does. The predicate answers one of the questions: what does it do? what are they doing? what will it do? what did you do? what will he do? The predicate is emphasized by two features.

Members of the sentence

Main
Examples	Information
	Subject - the main member of the sentence, which names the one who acts, experiences some state, or has a certain characteristic. Answers questions: Who? What?
	Predicate - the main member of a sentence that names the action, state or attribute of the subject. Answers questions: What does it do? What? What's happened? Who is this?
The subject and predicate are the basis of the sentence.

Minor

Examples	Information
	Addition- a minor member of a sentence that denotes an object. Answers questions about indirect cases.
	Definition- a minor member of a sentence that denotes a feature of an object. Answers questions: Which? Whose?
	Circumstance- a minor member of a sentence that denotes time, place, method of action. Answers questions: Where? When? Where? Where? Why? For what? and How?

Offers

1. Role in language	Expresses a thought that is complete in meaning and intonation.
3. Types of sentences according to the number of grammatical bases	Simple - one stem, complex - two or more grammatical stems.
4. Types of sentences according to the purpose of the statement	Narrative (contains a message); interrogative (contains a question); incentive (inducement to action).
5. Types of sentences by intonation	An exclamation, in which a thought is accompanied by a strong feeling, and a non-exclamation.
6. Types of proposals for the presence or absence of secondary members	Common (besides the main members, there are also secondary ones) and non-common (consist only of the grammatical basis).
7. Types of proposals by complexity	May be complicated by appeals, homogeneous members

Parsing a sentence

Lesson objectives: to acquaint students with the procedure for conducting oral and written syntactic parsing of a one-part sentence, to teach how to perform this syntactic parsing orally and in writing.

Progress of the lesson.

Organizational moment.

Homework: ex. 216.

Updating students' knowledge.

Frontal survey.

- What is the difference between one-part and two-part sentences?

- Name the types of one-part sentences.

- Tell us about one-part noun sentences.

- List the types of one-part sentences in which the main member can be expressed by a verb.

How do O-L, N-O and BL sentences differ in meaning? (in O-L an action performed by a person, speaker or interlocutor is called; N-L sentences name an action performed by some unspecified person; BL sentences are sentences in which the one who performs the action is not named)

What one-part sentences can be used to describe the state of nature, the state of man?

Imagine that a student does not know how to distinguish N-L sentences from O-L sentences. How would you explain how they differ?

III. Determining the topic and purpose of the lesson.

Sentences are written on the board.

The month of September. I'm afraid of thunderstorms. I feel involved in my heart. There's no missing a beat here.

Find the main common feature of sentences and formulate the topic of today's lesson.

(All these sentences are one-part sentences. So, the topic of today's lesson is one-part sentences).

Based on the topic of the lesson and taking into account that you have studied all the educational material on it, reconstruct the purpose of the lesson.

(repeat and systematize the studied material about OP, learn to distinguish between types)

Based on the topic of the lesson, compose a coherent story according to this scheme:

Today we are finishing work on one-part sentences. Let's summarize. Let's complete the work with a syntactic analysis of a one-part sentence.

What kind of parsing is called syntactic?

What do you think we need to know in order to parse one-part sentences?

Let's compare the diagram you described with the diagram given in the textbook.

Textbook: page 100. We read aloud this analysis of the OP.

Explanation of new material. Work on the topic of the lesson.

Syntactic analysis of a one-part sentence.

Based on the knowledge gained in previous lessons, we will parse the sentence.

In the crisp frost we will hurry to the ends of the earth and among the smoky snowdrifts we will get lost in the distance. (Narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, one-component, definite personal, common)

2. Working with text. Work in pairs.

In the text by V.F. Tendryakov, highlight the grammatical basics and determine the types of one-part sentences.

It would be nice to get back into the world of river fogs, haystacks, log huts. But this desire is not immediately fulfilled. The city is like a whirlpool. You won't get out of it quickly.

For several years I dreamed of going north. I wanted to drive without any purpose, to look, to feel. Just watch! Full rivers. Rafts of water lily leaves in black pools. A gloomy gray sky descending to the harsh bristles of spruce forests. Just watch! After all, someday you can bring yourself such modest happiness.

Perform syntactic analysis of 2 one-part sentences on your own.

3. Completing a test task with further self-test.

1. Find the error in the description of the proposal.

We crossed another mountain pass.

a) simple

b) one-part

c) not widespread

d) vaguely personal

2. Mark the one-part sentence.

a) At five years old the boy can already read and write.

b) Did you bring me a book?

c) I'm not feeling well.

d) The samovar is boiling in the house.

3. What characteristic corresponds to this proposal?

There is no point in making an elephant out of a molehill.

a) two-part

b) one-part, impersonal

c) one-part, definitely personal

d) one-part, indefinitely personal

4. What type of one-part sentence does this sentence belong to?

Our train was delayed at the border crossing.

a) vaguely personal

b) definitely personal

c) impersonal

d) nominative

IV. Summing up the lesson. Reflection.

What types of OPs did we talk about?

Name their main features.

How do you evaluate your work in class?

Do you have any questions that weren't answered in today's lesson?

V. Homework.

Ex. 216. on assignment.

Today we continue to study a complex sentence; in this lesson we will learn how to parse it.

1. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement ( narrative, interrogative, incentive).

2. Determine the type of sentence by intonation ( exclamation, non-exclamation).

3. Identify simple sentences within complex ones and determine their bases.

4. Determine the means of communication of simple sentences in a complex one ( allied, non-union).

5. Highlight the minor members in each part of a complex sentence, indicate whether it is common or uncommon.

6. Note the presence of homogeneous members or appeals.

Proposition 1 (Fig. 1).

Rice. 1. Sentence 1

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex (has two grammatical stems), conjunctive (connected by the conjunction And), both the first and second parts are not widespread (Fig. 2).

Rice. 2. Analysis of sentence 1

Proposition 2 (Fig. 3).

Rice. 3. Proposition 2

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, non-conjunctive. The first part is common (there is a definition), the second is not common (Fig. 4).

Rice. 4. Analysis of sentence 2

Parse the sentence (Fig. 5).

Rice. 5. Offer

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, conjunction. The first part is common, complicated by homogeneous predicates. The second part is common.

Rice. 6. Analysis of the proposal

References

1. Russian language. 5th grade. In 3 parts Lvova S.I., Lvov V.V. 9th ed., revised. - M.: 2012 Part 1 - 182 p., Part 2 - 167 p., Part 3 - 63 p.

2. Russian language. 5th grade. Textbook in 2 parts. Ladyzhenskaya T.A., Baranov M.T., Trostentsova L.A. and others - M.: Education, 2012. - Part 1 - 192 pp.; Part 2 - 176 p.

3. Russian language. 5th grade. Textbook / Ed. Razumovskoy M.M., Lekanta P.A. - M.: 2012 - 318 p.

4. Russian language. 5th grade. Textbook in 2 parts Rybchenkova L.M. and others - M.: Education, 2014. - Part 1 - 127 p., Part 2 - 160 p.

1. Website of the festival of pedagogical ideas “Open Lesson” ()

Homework

1. What is the procedure for parsing a complex sentence?

2. What are complex sentences for the means of communication between parts?

3. Underline the grammatical basics in the sentence:

The hasty dawn was approaching, the heights of heaven brightened.

Syntactic analysis of a simple sentence has become firmly established in the practice of primary and secondary schools. This is the most difficult and voluminous type of grammatical analysis. It includes the characteristics and outline of the sentence, analysis by members indicating parts of speech.

The structure and meaning of a simple sentence is studied starting from the 5th grade. The full set of features of a simple sentence is indicated in the 8th grade, and in the 9th grade the focus is on complex sentences.

In this type of analysis, the levels of morphology and syntax are correlated: the student must be able to identify parts of speech, recognize their forms, find conjunctions, understand how words are connected in a phrase, know the signs of the main and minor members of a sentence.

Let's start with the simplest thing: we will help the children prepare for parsing in 5th grade. In elementary school, the student remembers the sequence of parsing and performs it at an elementary level, indicating the grammatical basis, syntactic connections between words, the type of sentence according to the composition and purpose of the statement, learns to draw up diagrams and find homogeneous members.

In elementary schools, different Russian language programs are used, so the level of requirements and student preparation are different. In the fifth grade, I took in children who studied in elementary school under the programs of the educational system "School 2100", "School of Russia" and "Primary School of the 21st Century". There are also big differences. Elementary school teachers do a tremendous job to compensate for the shortcomings of their textbooks, and they themselves “lay” continuity between primary and secondary schools.

In grade 5, the material on sentence analysis is generalized, expanded and built into a more complete form; in grades 6-7 it is improved taking into account newly studied morphological units (verb forms: participle and gerund; adverb and state category; function words: prepositions, conjunctions and particles ).

Let us show with examples the differences between the level of requirements in the parsing format.

Plan for parsing a simple sentence

1. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative, incentive).

2. Find out the type of sentence by emotional coloring (non-exclamatory or exclamatory).

3. Find the grammatical basis of the sentence, underline it and indicate the methods of expression, indicate that the sentence is simple.

4. Determine the composition of the main members of the proposal (two-part or one-part).

5. Determine the presence of minor members (common or non-common).

6. Emphasize the minor members of the sentence, indicate the ways of expressing them (parts of speech): from the composition of the subject and the composition of the predicate.

7. Determine the presence of missing members of the sentence (complete or incomplete).

8. Determine the presence of a complication (complicated or not complicated).

9. Write down the characteristics of the proposal.

10. Create an outline of the proposal.

For analysis, we used sentences from Sergei Kozlov’s wonderful fairy tales about the Hedgehog and the Little Bear.

1) It was an extraordinary autumn day!

2) Everyone’s duty is to work.

3) Thirty mosquitoes ran out into the clearing and began to play their squeaky violins.

4) He has neither a father, nor a mother, nor a Hedgehog, nor a Bear.

5) And Belka took some nuts and a cup and hurried after.

6) And they put things in a basket: mushrooms, honey, a teapot, cups - and went to the river.

7) Pine needles, fir cones, and even cobwebs - they all straightened up, smiled and began to sing with all their might the last autumn song of the grass.

8) The Hedgehog lay, covered up to his nose with a blanket, and looked at the Little Bear with quiet eyes.

9) The hedgehog sat on a hill under a pine tree and looked at the moonlit valley, flooded with fog.

10) Across the river, the forest was dark, blazing with aspens.

11) So until the evening they ran, jumped, jumped off the cliff and screamed at the top of their lungs, setting off the stillness and silence of the autumn forest.

12) And he jumped like a real kangaroo.

13) Water, where are you running?

14) Maybe he's gone crazy?

15) It seems to me that he imagined himself... as the wind.

Examples of parsing simple sentences

When working with various texts, many people need to parse a sentence according to its composition. Carrying out such analysis usually presupposes that a person has appropriate philological knowledge that can help in the correct analysis of the text he needs. At the same time, there are also services on the network that perform online sentence parsing operations. After thoroughly studying the rules for analyzing different composition proposals, I decided to present all my findings in this article.

At the beginning, I note that the expression “parsing a sentence by composition” is somewhat incorrect, since words are usually parsed by composition, and what interests us in this case is called “syntactic parsing of a sentence.”

In this case, the specified syntactic parsing (at school it is also called “parsing by members”) is usually performed as follows:

• Decide which sentence you are analyzing based on the purpose of its statement (declarative, interrogative or motivating in nature);
• Indicate the emotional coloring of the sentence (is it exclamatory or non-exclamatory);
• Note the number of grammatical stems in this sentence (if the sentence is simple, then one stem, if complex, then two or more);

If the sentence is simple:

Example of a simple sentence:

“It was an extraordinary autumn day!”

Having carried out a syntactic analysis, we can see that this sentence is declarative, exclamatory, simple, two-part, complete, and uncomplicated.

If the sentence is complex:

• Decide on the connection in a complex sentence - union or non-union;
• Indicate the connection used in the sentence - intonation, subordinating, coordinating;
• Indicate the type of complex sentence - non-conjunctive, complex, complex.

Example of a complex sentence:

“The bouquet included roses and lilies, but she liked tulips better.”

Having carried out a syntactic analysis of this sentence, we can see that this sentence is of a narrative nature, not exclamatory, complex, has a conjunction, and is complex. The first sentence here is two-part, the grammatical basis is the words “there were roses and lilies”, it is common, and is complicated by homogeneous subjects.

The second sentence in this complex sentence is two-part, its grammatical basis is the words “liked tulips”, the sentence is common and not complicated.

Services for analyzing proposals by composition online

Due to the richness of grammatical structures and the complexity of creating a powerful network tool for syntactic text analysis, the services presented on the network (of which there are few) have rather weak capabilities for conducting a full syntactic parsing of sentences. However, I would highlight the following resources:

Seosin.ru

Among the Russian-language resources for conducting semantic analysis online (de facto they are practically not represented), I would highlight the seosin.ru service. It allows you to identify syntactic and morphological errors, demonstrates the general associativity of the text, and performs other types of analysis. Unfortunately, the service does not always work stably; dysfunctions are often observed in its operation.

1. To work with this service, go to seosin.ru.
2. Enter your proposal in the appropriate window and click on “Analyze”.

Lexisrex.com

For lovers of the English language, the powerful linguistic resource lexisrex.com can help with parsing. Its capabilities make it possible to analyze a proposal by its members. However, this site also has other auxiliary tools for carrying out various types of linguistic analysis online.

1. To use this resource, log in to lexisrex.com.
2. Paste your proposal into the appropriate window and click on the “Analyze” button.

Linguist forums

When parsing sentences online, you can turn to the help of the “human factor” and go to various linguist forums (level gramota.turbotext.ru, rusforus.ru and analogues). Register there, ask your question, and they will definitely help you.

Conclusion

Network resources that allow you to analyze proposals by composition are rather scarce, which is associated with the difficulties of creating such resources. However, there are several such tools available on the Internet (most of them are in English) that make it easy to carry out the text analysis we need. Use the functionality of these services to parse the necessary sentences and conduct parsing online.