Formation of basic values. Formation of life values ​​and priorities

1. Introduction...................... ........................... ...........................page 3
2. Value orientations.............................................................. .. ...p. 11
3. Formation of professional interests......................... page 14
4. Professional and personal goals and values...................p. 17
5. Conclusion.................... ............................. .........................page 20
6. List of references..............................................................p. 21

Introduction

Modern interest in the study of life goals and career choice is due to a change in ideology, the need to rethink old and search for new ideals, a new justification for goals and careers. Today's ideal of society, presented through the media (newspapers, radio, television) is a person who has achieved success.

Let's analyze the lives of people who have achieved significant success in life. What unites these people? Success is achieved by those who have learned to control their brain potential and their emotions, the viewer concludes. They rightfully sit on the “throne of success.”

If we imagine a luxurious throne, our imagination will not skimp on gold, expensive wood and silk. Let its design be the most refined and the most stable. The stability of the throne of success must be guaranteed by the massiveness of its four legs, four supports. Let's now think about what kind of supports these are?

1. The ability to use your head and use all the capabilities of your intellect.
2. The ability to set realistic goals.
3. Ability to solve complex problems, perseverance in achieving goals, ability to influence other people.
4. Ability to plan and build your career

Success is an internal concept. It cannot be bought, it will not fall on your head like manna from heaven. Yes, external circumstances have an impact on people. But truly “successful” people create these circumstances themselves.

What exactly separates “successful” people from everyone else?

• They are open to the world;
• They have an extraordinary thirst for novelty;
• They are not afraid of change and know how to take risks;
• They always have a strong desire for success;
• Their resilience and endurance are admirable;
• They are able to overcome any obstacles;
• A huge thirst for new knowledge and excellent learning ability;
• They are organized and internally disciplined;
• They know how to plan wisely and achieve goals.

Success can only be achieved when you have a clear idea of ​​what you want. To be successful in general – this does not happen.

Unfortunately, most people live as if in a dream, without setting any specific goals for themselves. If there is no goal, there is no need to achieve it. But then you don’t have to complain that you’re a loser. Even a single-celled creature, like an amoeba, turns out to always move towards its goal. As biologists have noticed, even if there are obstacles on the amoeba’s path, it bypasses them and moves on - towards its goal. This is what nature guides us towards!

In general, human activity is usually characterized by a purposeful nature. This means that action is preceded by conscious goal setting - i.e. anticipation in thinking of the result of an activity and the ways to achieve it using certain means.

If you see your goal, determine the means and ways to achieve it and mobilize your strength to realize your desire - you are the master of your destiny, you achieve career growth.

Most employees, as studies show, tend to be passive about their careers, preferring that their managers deal with these issues. Therefore, in the West today, a business career is an object of management. It comes down to a set of activities carried out by personnel services (and consulting firms) that allow employees to discover their abilities and apply them in the most beneficial way for themselves and the organization.

Career advancement in an organization can be carried out in accordance with such principles as performance, competence and potential, diligence, ability to organize the formal side of things, please management, seniority, general abilities.

An integral part of such management is business career planning (in many companies it is mandatory), which involves taking into account and linking the needs of the organization’s goals and employees, studying and assessing the potential for their career growth; familiarizing people with real prospects and conditions for promotion; determination of criteria and paths of movement to avoid career dead ends. Such investments in human resources are usually highly profitable. Moreover, the more developed it is, the greater the amount of resources it allows to be involved in the process of personal investment. According to the American economist W. Bowen: “Investment in human capital is similar to investment in physical capital in several important respects. Both accumulate as a result of the application of economic resources that could be used to produce other goods and services for current consumption; over a long period of time, both of them produce profits; finally, both of them are limited by their lifespan: machines wear out, people die."

However, in our country, such an investment is only gaining strength, and the majority of university graduates are not ready for career growth, do not imagine the stages of growth, and, sometimes, choose a job, plan career growth, undergo interviews, write a resume. Moreover, they do not know their abilities and do not know how to set goals.

The nature of actions to set goals and achieve goals varies from person to person, and it also changes from person to person over time. But, despite this, these processes have common features and patterns, which makes it possible, based on the analysis of empirical information regarding individual ways of developing and implementing life strategies, to formulate a uniform toolkit.

Thus, many Western researchers talk about a three-phase model of the human life cycle, while Japanese experts distinguish four phases (from birth to graduation from school; entering work and starting a family; working life; old age). By purposefully managing the qualitative and quantitative parameters of phase changes, a person can maximize the usefulness of the return from each stage.

The content of self-government at different stages of the life cycle has different content. In childhood, a person is completely dependent on his parents; he, as a rule, is not able to make the most important decisions on his own. In adulthood, independence is gained, and the degree of responsibility for decision-making increases significantly. In general, it is necessary to divide into an exogenous stage, when third parties help a person develop and implement a life strategy (at an early stage - usually parents, later friends, teachers, managers and respected people join them), and an endogenous stage, when a person does this work relatively independently .

Using this toolkit, a person can try to optimally form and effectively implement a personal life strategy.

The ideology is based on the idea that every person wants to achieve something in life.

Making a career means achieving a prestigious position in society and a high level of income. This refers to prestige from the point of view of broad public opinion. A graduate of an educational institution who understands WHAT needs to be done and HOW to do it correctly has much more success in life compared to everyone else.

2. Formation of life values ​​and priorities

The need to determine personal values, priorities and the meaning of life arises in every person. This is one of the most important needs of the individual. In youth, this need is felt especially acutely.

The characteristics of personality development depend on the economic and cultural level of development of the society in which the child grows up, and on what historical stage of this development he finds.

Personal development and the formation of a scale of life values ​​are also determined by what family and society expect from him, what values ​​and ideals are offered to him, what tasks he faces at different age periods.

Over the long history of human society, fundamental universal values ​​and norms of moral behavior have been developed. In society, kindness, loyalty, honesty, mutual assistance have always been and are valued and cynicism, deception, greed, vanity, and crime are rejected.

In modern society, the main human values ​​are family, health, education, and work. Universal human values ​​are closely related to a person’s personal values, which can be divided into material and spiritual (moral). The implementation of all these values ​​is necessary for self-affirmation and recognition of personality. Each person gives preference to certain values. His choice can be judged by the richness or scarcity of his inner world, diversity of interests, and unique human individuality. Throughout his life, a person develops his worldview and way of life. A significant role in this is played by his environment (family, friends), as well as various national, religious and social views and traditions. The moment of formation of one’s own scale of values ​​in adolescence is very important - during the period of gradual entry into adulthood.

For a teenager, life values ​​are perceived only in a personal, concrete embodiment. This trait goes so far that the value he seeks and finds is completely identified for him with a living person in whom he sees it embodied. A teenager's faith in an ideal is, first of all, faith in the person he has chosen, whom he selects from his environment. This could be a family member, a teacher, or one of your peers. If this person does not live up to that faith, the entire ideal world may collapse. That is why it is very important for a teenager who surrounds him and what kind of relationships he develops with adults and peers during this difficult period. Unfortunately, the behavior of adults very often diverges from the moralizing conversations they have with teenagers. “Do as I say” - such a parenting stereotype does not suit a teenager. “Do as I do” - this is what should become the moral basis for an adult’s communication and work with a teenager.

“The life of every person consists of actions, they express the moral essence of a person,” said V. A. Sukhomlinsky.

The immediate social environment - parents and other family members, later kindergarten teachers and school teachers (sometimes family friends or a priest) - directly influences the development of the child’s psyche. It should be noted that with age, the social environment expands: from the end of preschool childhood, peers begin to influence the child’s development, and in adolescence and high school age, some social groups can significantly influence - through the media, organizing rallies, sermons in religious communities, etc. .

A teenager (12-15 years old) comes to understand reality largely “from himself,” through his experiences. A high school student (16-18 years old), on the contrary, learning about his surroundings, returns to himself and asks ideological questions: “What do I mean in this world?”, “What place do I occupy in it?”, “What are my capabilities?”, “ What am I?" He seeks clear, definite answers and is categorical in his views and not flexible enough. No wonder they talk about youthful maximalism.

The formation of one’s own scale of values ​​occurs already in early childhood. That is why it is so important in what family a child is raised as he grows into a teenager, young man, or adult.

A teenager’s value orientations, his understanding of social problems, and his moral assessments of events and actions depend primarily on his parents. If happy moments in the family are associated only with acquisition and accumulation, it is difficult for the child to become happy in the future. Material needs are limitless, and failure to satisfy them can result in tragedy.

If spiritual values ​​prevail in the family, for example, mutual support, kindness, honesty, the joy of communicating with each other, the need to give rather than take, then the child is unlikely to feel lonely and disadvantaged in the future. The habit formed in childhood of enjoying communication with nature, music, works of art and a good book will allow young people to withstand and make the right decisions in the most difficult life situations.

The most important thing for a teenager is the confidence that he is loved by his parents, that adults see his strengths and not just his weaknesses. We must remember that only the love of loved ones will help a growing child overcome the painful transitional period of adolescence, when a teenager becomes uncontrollable.

In order for a teenager to turn to his parents or teachers for help and advice in difficult life situations, adults need to realize that from early childhood the child is an individual and experiences his childhood troubles, which seem trivial to adults, very acutely and emotionally.

The position of adults in this situation is very important for future contacts and creating an atmosphere of trust between the child and the adult. Here is one such example. One warm holiday day, a young mother was leading a five-year-old boy by the hand who was eating ice cream. Mom was in a hurry, the child almost ran next to her and, having stumbled, fell, dropped the ice cream, and stained his holiday suit.

Job description

Modern interest in the study of life goals and career choice is due to a change in ideology, the need to rethink old and search for new ideals, a new justification for goals and careers. Today's ideal of society, presented through the media (newspapers, radio, television) is a person who has achieved success.

Contents of the work

Introduction........................................................ .............................page 3
Formation of life values ​​and priorities....p. 6
Value orientations........................................................ .....p. 11
Formation of professional interests......................p. 14
Professional and personal goals and values...................p. 17
Conclusion................................................. ...........................p. 20
List of references.................................................. p. 21

Good afternoon, dear readers! Have you ever thought about why some people’s lives are easy and joyful, while others seem to attract all sorts of ridiculous moments into their lives and find themselves in unpleasant life situations? A person’s value system plays a huge role in choosing a life path and following it correctly. This is everyone’s guideline, rules and ideas about normal life, work, study, leisure, communication. These characteristics play a key role in every action, intention, deed, as well as in reactions to situations and even people's words.

Thanks to this, each person knows exactly what is central to life and what is not so important. Consequently, the model of his behavior in different situations is based on this.

What are the values?

Depending on the sphere to which the values ​​relate, they can be divided into:

• cultural;
• universal;
• individual.

All values, except individual ones, are formed on the basis of the opinions of others, as well as the characteristics of the area in which a person was born, traditions and trends in communication. But individual values ​​include exclusively subjective features of an individual’s worldview. Let's look at each type in detail.

Universal

The system of universal human life values ​​includes:

• Health. Probably, for every sane person it is an undeniable value of life, without which neither material nor spiritual benefits are absolutely necessary. Obviously, when something hurts us, we don’t need anything other than to get rid of the illness. We spend any money, any amount of time and effort on restoring the usual healthy state of our body.
• Life success. Of course, it all starts with school education. Each of us strives to do well at school, so that in the future we can enter a prestigious higher education institution, and then find a good job in our specialty. All this promises us good earnings and, as a result, a successful career. We feel fulfilled in life and enjoy it. Although these days, many, having achieved such results, cannot withstand social pressure and resort to the so-called downshifting - a return to a simple life, away from densely populated cities and towns and closer to nature.
• Family. For many, a career is of no value if there is no one to share this success with. Many people feel the need to work and achieve results not for themselves, but in order to care for and provide for their family. After all, your family and friends are the ones who are always waiting for you, who will understand and hear you. Formation of a family for such people can begin already in high school or college.
• Children- flowers of life. And many live following this principle. They see their reflection and continuation in them. We pass on our life experience and strength to them, often even to our own detriment. It is worth noting that although nowadays there is propaganda of abandoning offspring under the name “childfree”, for many children have been and remain the main value of life.

As a result of the above, it is important to note that such a system has a tendency to. Some realize themselves in career growth, some in the family, some in children. This all has one goal - to consolidate one’s own importance and broadcast it into the future.

Cultural

Cultural life values ​​include:

• creativity and;
• close communication with relatives;
• Friends;
• freedom of opinion;
• and self-confidence;
• independence;
• respect for others;
• work that suits interests;
• courage and masculinity;
• responsibility;
• realization in creativity and work;
• travel, etc.

Individual

Individual life values ​​include the most important things for each person. Their foundation is formed in childhood due to the environment. For some it will be truth, honor and justice, for others it will be a lot of money and a good job, for others it will be a healthy family and the happiness of people close to him.

All people have their own psychological type. This is why we think and behave differently in identical situations and strive for different goals.

Correct formation of life values

Life guidelines and values ​​begin to form in early childhood. The process and result depend on the conditions in which the child is located. The key role is played, of course, by the family, as well as close people and friends with whom the baby spends the most time.

Nobody knows how to determine what will be important. It all depends on the individual's own ideas. The child’s personal value system will be created and improved not only according to his personal experience, but also according to your tips and example.

To correctly form the child’s life values, you need to try to do the following:

• show by personal example what is important in life and what can be left to chance;
• surround the child with kindness and understanding;
• watch and read books with a moral meaning, where greed and lies are punished, and honesty, generosity, and truth are encouraged;
• help and give advice in choosing friends and people to look up to, reinforcing the words by comparing the achievements of these individuals;
• listen to the child even if he is wrong, talk to him and give unobtrusive advice.

Values ​​are formed over the years not only from your personal experience, but also from the opinions of people significant to you. These could be parents, mentors, teachers, school friends, etc. These are the people you admire and respect immensely.

The process is indirectly influenced by religion, trends in society, cultural characteristics of the territory in which a person lives, and many other factors. It is important to try to surround your child with good and kind people. The main thing is, if possible, to isolate him from negatively influencing individuals for as long as possible.

How to determine your life values?

Own values ​​are determined in 3 steps:

• Take a piece of paper and write down everything that you think is important on it. It doesn't matter how big or small the list gets.
• Review it in detail and analyze each point. Constantly ask yourself the question: is this really important or can you do without it? If even the slightest doubt arises, feel free to cross out this item.
• Repeat the steps from the previous paragraph, reducing the list to 7-10 points - these are your personal values.

It is worth noting that people who are distinguished by a cheerful character and optimism, in any situation, try to take into account the influence of factors influencing their life values ​​and cut off everything unnecessary. This approach allows, over time, to form from them a truly powerful mechanism that dictates the direction of movement in any, even the most confusing life situation.

A clear understanding of your values ​​is important, as this allows you to deliberately and purposefully control your actions, desires and, of course, decisions.
We all have different ones. But by looking deep into ourselves, analyzing our actions and deeds, we can unmistakably determine what is most important to us, what is the guideline for each of our decisions. This will help you make only informed choices, make decisions on your own, think about and model the results, and only then act.

If you are not satisfied with the values ​​that were instilled in you as a child, then this needs to be corrected. Based on my experience, I will say that this is not very easy. As already written above, values ​​are instilled from childhood and deposited in our subconscious.

One of the very effective methods of replacing attitudes is working with the subconscious. To get started, you can read these 30 free lessons. I think these lessons will be enough for you.

Conclusion

All the best, friends! I hope you learned something new and interesting for yourself that you can successfully apply in your life. Be honest with yourself. Always remember what is important and do not focus on unimportant things. See you for a new interesting conversation!

What are life values ​​and their role for us?

Life values ​​and guidelines are certain absolute values ​​that occupy first place in the worldview and determine a person’s behavior, his desires and aspirations. They help solve assigned tasks and set priorities in their own activities.

Each person has his own hierarchy of values. Values ​​determine how a person builds his life, how he makes friends, chooses a place to work, how he gets an education, what hobbies he has, and how he interacts in society.

Over the course of life, the hierarchy of values ​​usually changes. In childhood, some significant moments come first, in adolescence and adolescence - others, in youth - third, in adulthood - fourth, and by old age everything can change again. The life values ​​of young people always differ from the priorities of older people.

Events happen in life (happy or tragic) that can turn a person’s worldview 180 degrees, force him to completely rethink his life and re-establish priorities exactly the opposite of what they were before.

This is a natural process of development of the human psyche and personality. Adapting to changing environmental conditions is a protective function of the body, part of the evolutionary process.

Each individual needs to be clearly aware of the hierarchy of his own value system. This knowledge helps in various difficult situations, for example, when it is necessary to make a difficult choice between two important things in favor of one. Focusing on primary values, a person will be able to correctly determine what is truly important for his own well-being.

Let's look at a typical example from life. A responsible workaholic often stays late at work in order to successfully complete all assigned tasks. The work is really interesting, well paid, promising, etc., but never-ending. There is always a gnawing feeling that it is not being completed and that it is not being done in time. His beloved family is eagerly awaiting him at home. The wife periodically makes complaints about her frequent absence from home, which also causes some discomfort. The feeling of dissatisfaction drags on and becomes chronic.

It is in such situations that you need to learn how to set priorities correctly. It is important to decide what comes first. Solve the problem within yourself and stop rushing around. It is impossible to always have time to do everything, but choosing what is of paramount importance is quite possible. By examining such cases and accepting your own hierarchy of priorities, chronic personality conflicts can be minimized.

There are no right or wrong systems of life values. For some, a successful career and recognition come first, for some, love and family, for others, education and constant development.

But there is an awareness of one’s own hierarchy of priorities and internal consistency with them. And there is an internal conflict when a person has difficulty determining the true importance of things for himself.

Basic life values

Conventionally, life values ​​can be divided into two groups:

1. Material:, comfort, home, feeling of financial solvency and stability.
2. Spiritual:

• Family: intimate long-term stable in a couple, procreation, a sense of self-need for other people, a sense of community.
• Friends and work team: feeling of belonging to a group.
• Career: achieving a certain social status, respect from significant people.
• Favorite thing: business project or hobby (music, sports, gardening, etc.), revealing one’s own purpose and talents.
• Education and development any skills, qualities, personal growth.
• Health and beauty: slim, good physical shape, absence of diseases.

Both categories intertwine with each other and transform into adjacent values. In the modern world it is difficult to separate material values ​​from spiritual ones. To implement some, the presence of others is necessary. For example, to obtain an education you need a certain financial status that needs to be earned. Money brings financial comfort and the opportunity for leisure and interesting hobbies to the family. Health and beauty also require material investments. The social status of a modern person is largely determined by acquired material wealth. Thus, material values ​​have become an integral part of spiritual ones.

Life values ​​are:

1. Universal (cultural). These are people's general ideas about what is good and what is bad. They are formed in childhood, and their development is influenced by the society surrounding a person. The model, as a rule, is the family in which the child was born and grew up. Parents' priorities become fundamental when forming their own value system.

Universal priorities include:

• physical health;
• life success (education, career, social status, recognition);
• family, children, love, friends;
• spiritual development;
• freedom (of judgment and action);
• creative realization.

2. Individual. They are formed in every person throughout life. These are the values ​​that a person stands out from the generally accepted ones and considers important for himself. The priority may be politeness, kindness, faith in people, literacy, good manners and others.

How to discover your values

Currently, psychologists have developed a large number of methods for diagnosing life values.

Tests can be taken online. They usually take no more than 15 minutes. The result appears within a few seconds. Methods are a series of questions with multiple answer options or a list of statements for further ranking. Answers are not right or wrong, and results are not good or bad. Based on the test results, a list of the respondent’s core values ​​is issued.

These methods help a person quickly get a picture of his own hierarchy of priorities.

Test results can sometimes be confusing. It may seem to you that they are incorrect and that your priority system does not correspond to the program issued. Try another test, and then another.

While you are answering the questions, you will be able to decide for yourself what specifically is most significant for you in life and what is of secondary importance.

Another option for determining your own value system is an independent analysis of your priorities.

To do this, you need to write on a piece of paper all the things that are significant to you in life. Everything you respect, appreciate and treasure. It is not necessary to use terminology and peer-reviewed criteria and definitions. List exactly the words that things are called in your head.

After making your list, take a short break. Switch to another activity. Then take your list again and look at it carefully. Choose the 10 values ​​that are most important to you and cross out the rest. Now the list needs to be halved again. To make it easier to decide on priorities, go through different life situations in your head, determining what is more important.

As a result, the 5 most significant values ​​remained. Rank them (list them in order from 1 to 5 in order of importance). If you can’t choose what is more valuable to you, imagine a situation in which you would have to decide what would be more difficult for you to lose. And this is exactly what you cannot part with even in your thoughts, and will be your highest priority life value. The rest will also remain important, but still secondary.

This way you will get a picture of your life priorities.

How to instill life values ​​in the process of education

The question of instilling life values ​​is usually asked by young parents. I would like to raise my loved one “correctly” and happy.

The fundamental factor when choosing a system of priorities that you want to put in the child’s head is the parents’ own understanding of the “correct” values.

Ideas about important things formed in childhood will be fixed in the subconscious for the rest of your life and, without serious shocks, will remain unchanged. We are talking about universal human values ​​(family, love, desire for self-development and education, career growth, material enrichment).

In a family where close people always come first, a child will grow up who values ​​love and interpersonal relationships. In a family of careerists, an ambitious personality will most likely be formed, craving a certain status. Etc.

The value system of a growing person is built on life experience. On what he “cooks” in every day. It is useless to tell the younger generation that the most important thing in life is family, when the father disappears at work, and the mother does not get out of her gadgets, depriving the child of attention. If you want to form what you think are “correct” life priorities in your child, show this by your own example. The life values ​​of children are in the hands of their parents.

Rethinking values

The formation of basic life values ​​begins in the first year of human life and ends at approximately 22 years of age.

Throughout life, a person faces various situations that entail a rethinking of values. Such moments are always associated with strong emotional shocks (both positive and negative) or prolonged depressive states. These could be:

• marriage;
• birth of a child;
• loss of a loved one;
• sudden change in financial situation;
• serious illness (your own or a loved one’s);
• tragic events on a global scale that claimed many lives);
• falling in love with a person who does not live up to ideals;
• life crises (youth, maturity);
• old age (end of life's journey).

Sometimes a change of priorities occurs involuntarily, when a person instinctively chooses the optimal path for his future life.

Sometimes, for example, in cases of crisis, long-term mental anguish leads to rethinking and a new choice of life values. When in long-term depression a person feels his own unhappiness and cannot find a way out - and the problem of life values ​​becomes acute. In this case, rearranging priorities requires a conscious approach and a clear desire.

Rethinking values ​​gives a person a chance to “start life from scratch.” Change yourself, radically change your existence. Often such changes make a person happier and more harmonious.

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