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Presentation on the topic: Writers and poets of the 19th century

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Writers and poets of the 19th century 1. Aksakov S.T. 2. Ershov P.P. 3. Zhukovsky V.A. 4. Koltsov A.V. 5. Krylov I.A. 6. Lermontov M.Yu. 7. Marshak S.Ya. 8. Nekrasov N.A. 9. Nikitin I.S. 10. Prishvin M.M. 11. Pushkin A.S. 12. Tolstoy L.N. 13. Tolstoy A.K. 14. Tyutchev F.I. 15. Ushinsky K.D. 16. Fet A.A. 17. Chekhov A.P. Svetlana Aleksandrovna Lyalina, primary school teacher, Kulebaki, Nizhny Novgorod region

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Sergei Trofimovich Aksakov Famous Russian writer. Born into a noble family of the famous Shimon family. The future writer inherited his love of nature from his father. Peasant labor aroused in him not only compassion, but also respect. His book "Family Chronicle" was continued in "The Childhood Years of Bagrov's Grandson."

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Pyotr Pavlovich Ershov Born on March 6, 1815 in the Tobolsk province into the family of an official. Russian poet, writer, playwright. He was the initiator of the creation of an amateur gymnasium theater. He worked as a director in the theatre. He wrote several plays for the theater: “Rural Holiday”, “Suvorov and the Station Agent”. Ershov became famous for his fairy tale “The Little Humpbacked Horse”

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Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky Born on January 29 in the village of Mishenskoye, Tula province. Father, Afanasy Ivanovich Bunin, landowner, owner of the village. Mishensky; his mother, Turkish Salha, was taken to Russia as a prisoner. At the age of 14, she was taken to Moscow and sent to the Noble boarding school. I lived and studied there for 3 years. Studied Russian and foreign literature. In 1812 he was in Borodino and wrote about the heroes of the battle. His books: Little Thumb Boy, No Mother Sky, The Lark.

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Alexey Vasilievich Koltsov A.V. Koltsov is a Russian poet. Born on October 15, 1809 in Voronezh, into a merchant family. Father was a merchant. Alexey Koltsov delved into the various economic concerns of a rural resident from the inside: gardening and arable farming, cattle breeding and forestry. In the boy’s gifted, empathetic nature, such a life fostered a breadth of soul and versatility of interests, direct knowledge of village life, peasant labor and folk culture. From the age of nine, Koltsov studied reading and writing at home and showed such extraordinary abilities that in 1820 he was able to enter the district school, bypassing the parish school. Started writing at the age of 16. He wrote a lot about work, about the land, about nature: Mower, Harvest, etc.

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Ivan Andreevich Krylov I.A. Krylov is a great fabulist. Born on February 2, 1769 in Moscow in the family of a poor army captain, who received the rank of officer only after thirteen years of military service. Krylov was 10 years old when his father died and he had to work. Russian writer, fabulist, academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. In St. Petersburg, in the Summer Garden, there is a bronze monument where the fabulist is surrounded by animals. His works: Swan, Pike and Cancer. Siskin and Dove. Crow and Fox.

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Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov was born in Moscow in the family of captain Yuri Petrovich Lermontov and Maria Mikhailovna Lermontova, the only daughter and heiress of the Penza landowner E.A. Arsenyeva. Lermontov spent his childhood on Arsenyeva’s estate “Tarkhany” in the Penza province. The boy received a home education in the capital, and since childhood he was fluent in French and German. In the summer of 1825, my grandmother took Lermontov to the Caucasus; childhood impressions of the Caucasian nature and life of the mountain peoples remained in his early work. Then the family moves to Moscow and Lermontov is enrolled in the 4th grade of the Moscow University Noble Boarding School, where he receives a liberal arts education.

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Samuil Yakovlevich Marshak S.Ya. Marshak is a Russian poet. Born on October 22, 1887 in Voronezh in the family of a factory technician and a talented inventor. At the age of 4 he wrote poetry himself. A good translator from English, Russian poet. Marshak knew M. Gorky. Studied in England at the University of London. During the holidays, I traveled a lot on foot around England, listening to English folk songs. Even then he began working on translations of English works.

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Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov is a famous Russian poet. He came from a noble, once rich family. Born on November 22, 1821 in Podolsk province. Nekrasov had 13 brothers and sisters. The poet spent his entire childhood and youth on Nekrasov’s family estate, the village of Greshneva, Yaroslavl province, on the banks of the Volga. He saw people's hard work. They pulled barges across the water. He dedicated many poems to the lives of people in Tsarist Russia: Green Noise, Nightingales, Peasant Children, Grandfather Mazai and the Hares, Motherland, etc.

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Ivan Savvich Nikitin Russian poet, born in Voronezh to the sons of a wealthy merchant, owner of a candle factory. Nikitin studied at a theological school and seminary. I dreamed of graduating from university, but my family went broke. Ivan Savvich continued his education himself. He composed poems: Rus', Morning, Meeting Winter, Swallow's Nest, Grandfather.

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Mikhail Mikhailovich Prishvin Mikhail Mikhailovich Prishvin was born on January 23, 1873 in the Oryol province near Yelets. Prishvin's father is from a native merchant family of the city of Yelets. Mikhail Mikhailovich is educated as an agronomist and writes a scientific book about potatoes. Later he leaves for the North to collect folklore from folk life. He loved nature very much. He knew the life of the forest and its inhabitants well. He knew how to convey his feelings to readers. He wrote: Protecting nature means protecting the Motherland! His books: Guys and Ducklings, Pantry of the Sun, Nature Calendar, etc.

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Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy Lev Nikolaevich is a great Russian writer. He wrote the first ABC and four Russian books for reading for children. He opened a school in Yasnaya Polyana and taught the children himself. He worked hard and loved work. He plowed the land himself, cut the grass, sewed boots, and built huts. His works: Stories about children, Kids, Filipok, Shark, Kitten, Lion and dog, Swans, Old grandfather and granddaughter.

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Alexey Konstantinovich Tolstoy A.K. Tolstoy was born in St. Petersburg, and the future poet spent his childhood in Ukraine, on the estate of his uncle. While still a teenager, Tolstoy traveled abroad, to Germany and Italy. In 1834, Tolstoy was assigned as a “student” to the Moscow archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Since 1837 he served in the Russian mission in Germany in 1840. received service in St. Petersburg at the royal court. In 1843 - the court rank of chamber cadet. During Tolstoy's lifetime, the only collection of his poems was published (1867). Poems: The last snow is melting, Cranes, Forest Lake, autumn, etc.

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Konstantin Dmitrievich Ushinsky Konstantin Dmitrievich Ushinsky was born on February 19, 1824 in Tula in the family of Dmitry Grigorievich Ushinsky, a retired officer, a small nobleman. Konstantin Dmitrievich's mother, Lyubov Stepanovna, died when he was 12 years old. Konstantin Dmitrievich was a teacher, he created books himself. He called them "Children's World" and "Native Word". He taught me to love my native people and nature. His works: The Scientist Bear, Four Wishes, Geese and Cranes, Eagle, How a Shirt Grew in a Field.

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Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet Afanasy Afanasyevich - Russian lyric poet, translator. Born in the Novoselki estate in the Oryol province. Since childhood I loved the poems of A.S. Pushkin. At the age of 14 he was taken to St. Petersburg to study. He showed his poems to Gogol. The first book was published in 1840. His poems: A Wonderful Picture, The Swallows Are Missing, Spring Rain. For the last 19 years of his life, he officially bore the surname Shenshin.

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Anton Pavlovich Chekhov Anton Pavlovich Chekhov is an outstanding Russian writer, playwright, and doctor by profession. Born on January 17, 1860 in Taganrog, Ekaterinoslav province. Anton's early childhood was spent in endless church holidays and name days. On weekdays after school, he guarded his father’s shop, and at 5 am every day he got up to sing in the church choir. At first, Chekhov studied at a Greek school in Taganrog. At the age of 8, after two years of study, Chekhov entered the Taganrog gymnasium. In 1879 he graduated from high school in Taganrog. In the same year, he moved to Moscow and entered the medical faculty of Moscow University, where he studied with famous professors: Nikolai Sklifosovsky, Grigory Zakharyin and others. His works: White-fronted, Kashtanka, In Spring, Spring Waters, etc.

Aksakov Ivan Sergeevich (1823-1886) – poet and publicist. One of the leaders of Russian Slavophiles. The most famous work: the fairy tale “The Scarlet Flower”.

Aksakov Konstantin Sergeevich (1817-1860) - poet, literary critic, linguist, historian. The inspirer and ideologist of Slavophilism.

Aksakov Sergei Timofeevich (1791-1859) - writer and public figure, literary and theater critic. Wrote a book about fishing and hunting. Father of writers Konstantin and Ivan Aksakov.

Annensky Innokenty Fedorovich (1855-1909) - poet, playwright, literary critic, linguist, translator. Author of the plays: “King Ixion”, “Laodamia”, “Melanippe the Philosopher”, “Thamira the Kefared”.

Baratynsky Evgeniy Abramovich (1800-1844) - poet and translator. Author of the poems: “Eda”, “Feasts”, “Ball”, “Concubine” (“Gypsy”).

Batyushkov Konstantin Nikolaevich (1787-1855) - poet. Also the author of a number of well-known prose articles: “On the character of Lomonosov”, “Evening at Kantemir’s” and others.

Belinsky Vissarion Grigorievich (1811-1848) - literary critic. He headed the critical department in the publication Otechestvennye zapiski. Author of numerous critical articles. He had a huge influence on Russian literature.

Bestuzhev-Marlinsky Alexander Alexandrovich (1797-1837) - Byronist writer, literary critic. Published under the pseudonym Marlinsky. Published the almanac "Polar Star". He was one of the Decembrists. Author of prose: “Test”, “Terrible fortune-telling”, “Frigate Nadezhda” and others.

Vyazemsky Pyotr Andreevich (1792-1878) - poet, memoirist, historian, literary critic. One of the founders and first head of the Russian Historical Society. Close friend of Pushkin.

Dmitry Vladimirovich Venevetinov (1805-1827) - poet, prose writer, philosopher, translator, literary critic. Author of 50 poems. He was also known as an artist and musician. Organizer of the secret philosophical association “Society of Philosophy”.

Herzen Alexander Ivanovich (1812-1870) - writer, philosopher, teacher. The most famous works: the novel “Who is to Blame?”, the stories “Doctor Krupov”, “The Thieving Magpie”, “Damaged”.

Glinka Sergei Nikolaevich (1776-1847) - writer, memoirist, historian. The ideological inspirer of conservative nationalism. Author of the following works: “Selim and Roxana”, “The Virtues of Women” and others.

Glinka Fedor Nikolaevich (1876-1880) - poet and writer. Member of the Decembrist Society. The most famous works: the poems “Karelia” and “The Mysterious Drop”.

Gogol Nikolai Vasilievich (1809-1852) - writer, playwright, poet, literary critic. Classic of Russian literature. Author: “Dead Souls”, the cycle of stories “Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka”, the stories “The Overcoat” and “Viy”, the plays “The Inspector General” and “Marriage” and many other works.

Goncharov Ivan Aleksandrovich (1812-1891) – writer, literary critic. Author of the novels: “Oblomov”, “Cliff”, “An Ordinary Story”.

Griboyedov Alexander Sergeevich (1795-1829) - poet, playwright and composer. He was a diplomat and died in service in Persia. The most famous work is the poem “Woe from Wit,” which served as the source of many catchphrases.

Grigorovich Dmitry Vasilievich (1822-1900) – writer.

Davydov Denis Vasilievich (1784-1839) – poet, memoirist. Hero of the Patriotic War of 1812. Author of numerous poems and war memoirs.

Dal Vladimir Ivanovich (1801-1872) – writer and ethnographer. Being a military doctor, he collected folklore along the way. The most famous literary work is “Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language.” Dahl worked on the dictionary for more than 50 years.

Delvig Anton Antonovich (1798-1831) – poet, publisher.

Dobrolyubov Nikolai Alexandrovich (1836-1861) - literary critic and poet. He published under the pseudonyms -bov and N. Laibov. Author of numerous critical and philosophical articles.

Dostoevsky Fyodor Mikhailovich (1821-1881) - writer and philosopher. Recognized classic of Russian literature. Author of works: “The Brothers Karamazov”, “Idiot”, “Crime and Punishment”, “Teenager” and many others.

Zhemchuzhnikov Alexander Mikhailovich (1826-1896) - poet. Together with his brothers and the writer Tolstoy A.K. created the image of Kozma Prutkov.

Zhemchuzhnikov Alexey Mikhailovich (1821-1908) - poet and satirist. Together with his brothers and the writer Tolstoy A.K. created the image of Kozma Prutkov. Author of the comedy “Strange Night” and the collection of poems “Songs of Old Age”.

Zhemchuzhnikov Vladimir Mikhailovich (1830-1884) - poet. Together with his brothers and the writer Tolstoy A.K. created the image of Kozma Prutkov.

Zhukovsky Vasily Andreevich (1783-1852) - poet, literary critic, translator, founder of Russian romanticism.

Zagoskin Mikhail Nikolaevich (1789-1852) - writer and playwright. Author of the first Russian historical novels. Author of the works “The Prankster”, “Yuri Miloslavsky, or the Russians in 1612”, “Kulma Petrovich Miroshev” and others.

Karamzin Nikolai Mikhailovich (1766-1826) – historian, writer and poet. Author of the monumental work “History of the Russian State” in 12 volumes. He wrote the stories: “Poor Liza”, “Eugene and Yulia” and many others.

Kireevsky Ivan Vasilievich (1806-1856) - religious philosopher, literary critic, Slavophile.

Krylov Ivan Andreevich (1769-1844) - poet and fabulist. Author of 236 fables, many of which became popular expressions. Published magazines: “Mail of Spirits”, “Spectator”, “Mercury”.

Kuchelbecker Wilhelm Karlovich (1797-1846) - poet. He was one of the Decembrists. Close friend of Pushkin. Author of works: “The Argives”, “The Death of Byron”, “The Eternal Jew”.

Lazhechnikov Ivan Ivanovich (1792-1869) - writer, one of the founders of the Russian historical novel. Author of the novels “The Ice House” and “Basurman”.

Lermontov Mikhail Yurievich (1814-1841) - poet, writer, playwright, artist. Classic of Russian literature. The most famous works: the novel “Hero of Our Time”, the story “Prisoner of the Caucasus”, the poems “Mtsyri” and “Masquerade”.

Leskov Nikolai Semenovich (1831-1895) – writer. The most famous works: “Lefty”, “Cathedrals”, “On Knives”, “Righteous”.

Nekrasov Nikolai Alekseevich (1821-1878) - poet and writer. Classic of Russian literature. Head of the Sovremennik magazine, editor of the Otechestvennye Zapiski magazine. The most famous works: “Who Lives Well in Rus'”, “Russian Women”, “Frost, Red Nose”.

Ogarev Nikolai Platonovich (1813-1877) - poet. Author of poems, poems, critical articles.

Odoevsky Alexander Ivanovich (1802-1839) - poet and writer. He was one of the Decembrists. Author of the poem "Vasilko", the poems "Zosima" and "Elder Prophetess".

Odoevsky Vladimirovich Fedorovich (1804-1869) - writer, thinker, one of the founders of musicology. He wrote fantastic and utopian works. Author of the novel “Year 4338” and numerous short stories.

Ostrovsky Alexander Nikolaevich (1823-1886) – playwright. Classic of Russian literature. Author of plays: “The Thunderstorm”, “Dowry”, “The Marriage of Balzaminov” and many others.

Panaev Ivan Ivanovich (1812-1862) – writer, literary critic, journalist. Author of works: “Mama’s Boy”, “Meeting at the Station”, “Lions of the Province” and others.

Pisarev Dmitry Ivanovich (1840-1868) - literary critic of the sixties, translator. Many of Pisarev’s articles were dismantled into aphorisms.

Pushkin Alexander Sergeevich (1799-1837) - poet, writer, playwright. Classic of Russian literature. Author: the poems “Poltava” and “Eugene Onegin”, the story “The Captain’s Daughter”, the collection of stories “Belkin’s Tales” and numerous poems. Founded the literary magazine Sovremennik.

Raevsky Vladimir Fedoseevich (1795-1872) - poet. Participant in the Patriotic War of 1812. He was one of the Decembrists.

Ryleev Kondraty Fedorovich (1795-1826) - poet. He was one of the Decembrists. Author of the historical poetic cycle "Dumas". Published the literary almanac "Polar Star".

Saltykov-Shchedrin Mikhail Efgrafovich (1826-1889) - writer, journalist. Classic of Russian literature. The most famous works: “Lord Golovlevs”, “The Wise Minnow”, “Poshekhon Antiquity”. He was the editor of the journal Otechestvennye zapiski.

Samarin Yuri Fedorovich (1819-1876) – publicist and philosopher.

Sukhovo-Kobylin Alexander Vasilievich (1817-1903) - playwright, philosopher, translator. Author of the plays: “Krechinsky’s Wedding”, “The Affair”, “The Death of Tarelkin”.

Tolstoy Alexey Konstantinovich (1817-1875) - writer, poet, playwright. Author of the poems: “The Sinner”, “The Alchemist”, the plays “Fantasy”, “Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich”, the stories “The Ghoul” and “The Wolf’s Adoptive”. Together with the Zhemchuzhnikov brothers, he created the image of Kozma Prutkov.

Tolstoy Lev Nikolaevich (1828-1910) - writer, thinker, educator. Classic of Russian literature. Served in the artillery. Participated in the defense of Sevastopol. The most famous works: “War and Peace”, “Anna Karenina”, “Resurrection”. In 1901 he was excommunicated from the church.

Turgenev Ivan Sergeevich (1818-1883) - writer, poet, playwright. Classic of Russian literature. The most famous works: “Mumu”, “Asya”, “The Noble Nest”, “Fathers and Sons”.

Tyutchev Fedor Ivanovich (1803-1873) - poet. Classic of Russian literature.

Fet Afanasy Afanasyevich (1820-1892) – lyric poet, memoirist, translator. Classic of Russian literature. Author of numerous romantic poems. Translated Juvenal, Goethe, Catullus.

Khomyakov Alexey Stepanovich (1804-1860) - poet, philosopher, theologian, artist.

Chernyshevsky Nikolai Gavrilovich (1828-1889) - writer, philosopher, literary critic. Author of the novels “What to do?” and “Prologue”, as well as the stories “Alferyev”, “Small Stories”.

Chekhov Anton Pavlovich (1860-1904) - writer, playwright. Classic of Russian literature. Author of the plays “The Cherry Orchard”, “Three Sisters”, “Uncle Vanya” and numerous short stories. Conducted a population census on Sakhalin Island.

The 19th century in Russian poetry and literature is called the Golden Age. During this period there was a tremendous leap in the entire literary process of the country. Then the formation of a literary language took place. The heroes of this celebration of culture were Russian poets of the 19th century and especially the great poet Pushkin. He stands at the top of the pedestal of the golden age of Russian poetic history.

Genius on Olympus

Pushkin began his ascent to the Russian poetic Olympus with the fairy-tale poem “Ruslan and Lyudmila.” Romantic features remained in his work forever. “Gypsies” was written in the same spirit. After reading the poem, it takes your breath away from the rise of creativity in any Russian person. Also, the poem “The Fountain of Bakhchisarai” forever took one of the highest places in the ranking of the popularity of artistic themes not only in literature, but also in music, as well as ballet.

Other gods on Olympus

Of course, before Pushkin and at the same time with him, there were also great Russian poets of the 19th century: Baratynsky, Zhukovsky, Fet, Tyutchev. It is believed that a unique century ends with Tyutchev. In this precious golden time, the poet was revered in Russia as a messenger of God, as an exponent of the most beautiful and noble in every soul. Lermontov inherited Pushkin's traditions. The poem "Mtsyri" is just as beautiful and romantic than "The Demon". Lermontov's poems are permeated with the spirit of sublime romance. But 19th-century Romanticism was concerned with social life from the very beginning. However, both themes sounded in the same key and did not contradict each other. There are witnesses to this - Pushkin’s odes and poems dedicated to the Decembrists, as well as Lermontov’s immortal poem “On the Death of a Poet.”

Question about today's topic

Perhaps romanticism began to fade by the middle of the century. This observation will sound even more convincing if we use Nekrasov’s social lyrics as evidence. The question of his poem is: Who can live well in Rus'? - has become an aphorism and is very relevant in our time.

Then completely different melodies began to sound, no longer golden. A new, 20th, Silver Age stood on the threshold.

Nature

What themes of 19th century poetry equated it to the immortal creations of Russian culture? Perhaps the eternal theme of nature was the bridge that united entire centuries. Any Russian person will say with pride that he understands nature no less deeply than Pushkin. And he will be right. Are the words: “Sad time! The charm of the eyes! belong to Pushkin? No! They are part of the soul of all Russian people. Lermontov also felt nature very subtly. For him, nature is the element of will, the romance of a free soul. The poet draws stars, clouds, moonlight, mountains and plains with his pen.

Nightingale as a metaphor

The 2nd half of the 19th century continues the traditions of previous years. During this period, wonderful poets of the 19th century worked, the list of which is very large here. In the poems of the poetic luminaries of this period, the theme of the nightingale is very popular. In Polonsky, the nightingale becomes a metaphor-symbol of love, a participant in a romantic date. Nekrasov has a poem about a nightingale. It sounds like an allegory in the problem of freedom and unfreedom. For the Russian poet, the nightingale has always been a symbol of will, the impossibility of existence in conditions of oppression of the individual.

Brilliant master of words Fet

Afanasy Fet is especially great on this topic. The author's symbol of the nightingale is incredibly beautiful in his poems. All nature around the nightingale is saturated with brilliance, the shine of diamonds on the grass under the moon. And against this background the powerful voice of the great singer sounds. Fet uses a new combination - the nightingale echo, replacing traditional trills or songs with it.

Balmont, sunset and new sunrise

The decline of the golden period was marked by the appearance of new names of poets of the 19th century on the poetic stage. First of all, this is the poet Konstantin Balmont. His first collection was published at a time when he was expelled from the university for freethinking. But the poet’s main work took place already at the beginning of the 20th century. Then he became one of the innovators of a new poetic direction - symbolism.

The poets of the 19th century already had Crimea. It is believed that this is a symbol of Silver Age poetry. In fact, Crimea became involved in Russian literature much earlier. Even the great Derzhavin dedicated his ode “For the acquisition of Crimea” to this poetic place. Pushkin discovered Bakhchisarai. He was there in 1820 and saw with his own eyes Bakhchisarai, the capital of the Crimean Khanate. He was especially delighted with the fountain of tears. Crimea is a symbol of poetry and a logical transition to the future.

» » Famous Russian poets of the 19th century

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Pyotr Pavlovich Ershov Born on March 6, 1815 in the Tobolsk province into the family of an official. Russian poet, writer, playwright. He was the initiator of the creation of an amateur gymnasium theater. He worked as a director in the theatre. He wrote several plays for the theater: “Rural Holiday”, “Suvorov and the Station Agent”. Ershov became famous thanks to his fairy tale “The Little Humpbacked Horse” Svetlana Aleksandrovna Lyalina, primary school teacher, Kulebaki, Nizhny Novgorod region

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Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky Born on January 29 in the village of Mishenskoye, Tula province. Father, Afanasy Ivanovich Bunin, landowner, owner of the village. Mishensky; mother, Turkish Salha, was taken to Russia among the prisoners. At the age of 14, he was taken to Moscow and sent to the Noble boarding school. I lived and studied there for 3 years. Studied Russian and foreign literature. In 1812 he was in Borodino and wrote about the heroes of the battle. His books: Little Thumb Boy, No Mother Sky, The Lark. Svetlana Aleksandrovna Lyalina, primary school teacher, Kulebaki, Nizhny Novgorod region

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Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov Svetlana Aleksandrovna Lyalina, primary school teacher, Kulebaki, Nizhny Novgorod region Born in Moscow in the family of captain Yuri Petrovich Lermontov and Maria Mikhailovna Lermontova, the only daughter and heiress of the Penza landowner E.A. Arsenyeva. Lermontov spent his childhood on Arsenyeva’s estate “Tarkhany” in the Penza province. The boy received a home education in the capital, and since childhood he was fluent in French and German. In the summer of 1825, my grandmother took Lermontov to the Caucasus; childhood impressions of the Caucasian nature and life of the mountain peoples remained in his early work. Then the family moves to Moscow and Lermontov is enrolled in the 4th grade of the Moscow University Noble Boarding School, where he receives a liberal arts education.

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Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov Svetlana Aleksandrovna Lyalina, primary school teacher, Kulebaki, Nizhny Novgorod region Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov is a famous Russian poet. He came from a noble, once rich family. Born on November 22, 1821 in Podolsk province. Nekrasov had 13 brothers and sisters. The poet spent his entire childhood and youth on Nekrasov’s family estate, the village of Greshneva, Yaroslavl province, on the banks of the Volga. He saw people's hard work. They pulled barges across the water. He dedicated many poems to the lives of people in Tsarist Russia: Green Noise, Nightingales, Peasant Children, Grandfather Mazai and the Hares, Motherland, etc.

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Ivan Savvich Nikitin Russian poet, born in Voronezh into the family of a wealthy merchant, owner of a candle factory. Nikitin studied at a theological school and seminary. I dreamed of graduating from university, but my family went broke. Ivan Savvich continued his education himself. He composed poems: Rus', Morning, Meeting Winter, Swallow's Nest, Grandfather. Svetlana Aleksandrovna Lyalina, primary school teacher, Kulebaki, Nizhny Novgorod region Monument to Nikitin I.S.

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Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin Born on June 6, 1799 in Moscow. His father, Sergei Lvovich, came from a wealthy family, but little of his ancestors’ estates (in the Nizhny Novgorod province) reached Pushkin. Pushkin spent his childhood in Moscow, going for the summer to Zakharovo County, to his grandmother’s estate near Moscow. In addition to Alexander, the Pushkins had children: the eldest daughter Olga and the youngest son Lev. Little Sasha grew up under the supervision of his nanny Arina Rodionovna. He loved nature and his homeland very much. He wrote many poems and fairy tales. Svetlana Aleksandrovna Lyalina, primary school teacher, Kulebaki, Nizhny Novgorod region

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Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy Lev Nikolaevich is a great Russian writer. He wrote the first ABC and four Russian reading books for children. He opened a school in Yasnaya Polyana and taught the children himself. He worked hard and loved work. He plowed the land himself, cut the grass, sewed boots, and built huts. His works: Stories about children, Kids, Filipok, Shark, Kitten, Lion and dog, Swans, Old grandfather and granddaughter. House in Yasnaya Polyana Svetlana Aleksandrovna Lyalina, primary school teacher, Kulebaki, Nizhny Novgorod region

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Alexey Konstantinovich Tolstoy Svetlana Aleksandrovna Lyalina, primary school teacher, Kulebaki, Nizhny Novgorod region A.K. Tolstoy was born in St. Petersburg, and the childhood of the future poet was spent in Ukraine, on the estate of his uncle. While still a teenager, Tolstoy traveled abroad, to Germany and Italy. In 1834, Tolstoy was assigned as a “student” to the Moscow archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Since 1837 he served in the Russian mission in Germany in 1840. received service in St. Petersburg at the royal court. In 1843 - the court rank of chamber cadet. During Tolstoy's lifetime, the only collection of his poems was published (1867). Poems: The last snow is melting, Cranes, Forest Lake, autumn, etc.

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Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev Fyodor Ivanovich - Russian poet, diplomat. Born on November 23, 1803 in the Oryol province in the village of Ovstug. As a child, he was educated at home. His teacher was Semyon Egorovich Raich, who instilled a love of nature. At the age of 15, Fyodor Ivanovich was a student at Moscow University. I wrote a lot about Russian nature: Spring waters, Enchanted winter, I love thunderstorms at the beginning of May, Leaves that exist in early autumn. On July 15, 1873, Tyutchev died in the Tsar’s village. Svetlana Aleksandrovna Lyalina, primary school teacher, Kulebaki, Nizhny Novgorod region Estate MuseumF. I. Tyutchev in the village of Ovstug.

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Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet Afanasy Afanasyevich - Russian lyric poet, translator. Born in the Novoselki estate, Oryol province. Since childhood I loved the poems of A.S. Pushkin. At the age of 14, he was taken to St. Petersburg to study. He showed his poems to Gogol. In 1840 the first book was published. His poems: A wonderful picture, The swallows have disappeared, Spring rain. For the last 19 years of his life, he officially bore the surname Shenshin. Svetlana Aleksandrovna Lyalina, primary school teacher, Kulebaki, Nizhny Novgorod region

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Anton Pavlovich Chekhov Svetlana Aleksandrovna Lyalina, primary school teacher, Kulebaki, Nizhny Novgorod region Anton Pavlovich Chekhov is an outstanding Russian writer, playwright, and doctor by profession. Born on January 17, 1860 in Taganrog, Ekaterinoslav province. Anton's early childhood was spent in endless church holidays and name days. On weekdays after school, he guarded his father’s shop, and at 5 am every day he got up to sing in the church choir. At first, Chekhov studied at a Greek school in Taganrog. At the age of 8, after two years of study, Chekhov entered the Taganrog gymnasium. In 1879 he graduated from high school in Taganrog. In the same year, he moved to Moscow and entered the medical faculty of Moscow University, where he studied with famous professors: Nikolai Sklifosovsky, Grigory Zakharyin and others. His works: White-fronted, Kashtanka, In Spring, Spring Waters, etc.

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Ministry of Health and Social Development
Volgograd State Medical University
Department of History and Cultural Studies

Abstract on the topic: “Russian poetry of the 19th century”

Completed by: 1st year student of the Faculty of Dentistry
Gamayunova A.A.
Checked by: Bushlya A.A.Volgograd, 2015
Content
Introduction
1. The Golden Age of Russian poetry: general characteristics of the period
2. Golden age of Russian poetry: main representatives
Conclusion
List of used literature

Introduction
In the history of the thousand-year culture of Russia, the 19th century is called the “Golden Age” of Russian poetry and the century of Russian literature on a global scale. This was the rise of the Spirit, a cultural upsurge that can rightly be considered the great Russian Renaissance.
The 19th century fully expressed the synthesizing, philosophical-moral, conciliar-collective character of Russian culture, its patriotic-ideological character without which it loses its soil and destiny. It manifests itself everywhere - from universal-cosmic quests to almost practical “instructions” for answering eternal Russian questions: “Why? Who is to blame? What to do? Who are the judges?”
Literature in the 19th century was the most influential form of national culture. This is the time when its largest representatives worked, who gave spiritual food to two centuries of all mankind! Thus, Paul Valery called Russian literature of the 19th century one of the three greatest wonders of human culture.
Poets A.S. Pushkin, V.A. Zhukovsky, K.N. Batyushkov, D.V. Davydov, F.N. Glinka, P.A. Katenin, V.F. Raevsky, K.F. Ryleev, A A. A. Bestuzhev, V. K. Kuchelbecker, A. I. Odoevsky, P. A. Vyazemsky, A. A. Delvig, E. A. Baratynsky, N. M. Yazykov, I. I. Kozlov, D. V. Venevitinov and others. Their poetry left a noticeable mark on Russian literature.
Thus, this topic is still quite relevant today.

1. The Golden Age of Russian poetry: general characteristics
The engine of development of Russian literature of the 19th century, which continues to “work” to this day, was poetry.
The beginning of the “Golden Age” can be called 1808, because already in some of the first mature works of Zhukovsky, the individual intonation so characteristic of poetry that has become “higher” is very clearly visible. In the early 20s, Byron's influence was noticeable, and such a form of expression as the poetic story became popular.
What was the peculiarity of the Russian "golden age"?
Firstly, the breadth and enormity of the tasks we have set ourselves. Secondly, the high tragic tension of poetry and prose, their prophetic effort. Thirdly, the inimitable perfection of form.
Another feature of the “golden age”: the tragic, prophetic tension of poetry and prose is expressed even more strongly by his direct heirs than Alexander Pushkin himself. The poems of this time are very original, in contrast to the fact that earlier eras borrowed more.
Most of what was written by our classics in the 19th century has long become a literary anthology. Today it is impossible to imagine a person who would not know and have not read such a cult novel in verse by Pushkin as “Eugene Onegin” or Lermontov’s great poems “The Demon” and “Mtsyri”. Dozens of poems memorized since school still evoke feelings of warmth and joy in our hearts; these poems, just like many years ago, continue to breathe and live in our souls. They continue to warm us, give us hope, help us not to lose heart; they are always ready to become our guiding light.
"Golden age"...