Decline numerals with nouns. Collective numbers

For schoolchildren it happens in the sixth grade. This part of speech is necessary in order to communicate in literal terms the number or order of objects when counting.

To determine the case y, ask a question about it. You probably know that there are six cases in the language. They are determined using auxiliary questions: - nominative case - who? What?
- genitive case - whom? what?
- - to whom? what?
- accusative case - whom? What?
- - by whom? how?
- prepositional case - about whom? about what?

Depending on the case, they change their shape. For example, the numerals “two”, “three”, “four” are modified as adjectives. For example, in the genitive case there will be “two”, and in the instrumental case - “two”, in the prepositional case - “about two”.

Try to decline the numeral “fifty” and you will see that in the genitive, dative and prepositional cases it will end in “and”.

Know that in compound cardinal numbers all words change form, but in ordinal numbers only the last word changes form. Moreover, it changes like an adjective.

You must remember that in the numerals from two hundred to four hundred, denoting round hundreds, the same endings will be observed in different cases as in nouns belonging to the first declension. This can be seen by using the numeral " " in different cases: - nominative case - four hundred;
- genitive case - four hundred;
- dative case - four hundred;
- accusative case - four hundred;
- instrumental case - four hundred;
- prepositional case - about four hundred.

If you decline the numerals "forty", "ninety" and "one hundred", you will see that they will either have the ending "o" in the nominative and accusative cases, or the ending "a" in the genitive, dative, instrumental and prepositional cases.

The masculine numerals "both" and the feminine "both" are inflected in the same way as adjectives. So in the genitive, accusative and prepositional cases there will be “both”, in the dative - “both”, and in the instrumental - “both”.

Learn to determine the case of numerals. This will allow you to avoid mistakes in writing.

Sources:

• how to change numerals by case

Unlike the Finnish and Hungarian languages, in which there are one and a half to two dozen cases, in Russian grammar there are only six of them. The endings of words in different cases may be the same, so to determine the case, you need to ask the correct question about the word being checked.

Instructions

To determine the case of a noun, carefully read the phrase in which it appears. Find the word that the noun you are checking refers to - that’s why words you will ask a question. For example, you are given the phrase “I love dogs,” and you need to determine the case of the noun “dogs.” The word “dogs” in this sentence is subordinate to the word “love”. Therefore, you will ask a case question as follows: “I love whom?”

Each of the six cases has its own special question. So, in the nominative case they answer the question “who?” or “what?” The auxiliary word “is” can be substituted for this case. For example, there is (who?). The question of the genitive case is “who?” or “what?” The auxiliary word “no” can be substituted for the noun in this case. Dative to the question “to whom?/what?” and is combined with the auxiliary word “to give”. The question of the accusative case is “who?” or “what?”, and its auxiliary word is “blame.” Nouns in the instrumental case answer the question “by whom?/what?” and are combined with the words “created” and “pleased.” Finally,

The Russian language course in the school curriculum provides for the study of all auxiliary and significant parts of speech. To study each of them there is its own section of the language, which is given a certain amount of time. One of the extensive topics is “Numerals”. It contains many sections. This is also the structure of this part of speech, in which there are quantitative, ordinal, integer, fractional and collective numerals. As well as ways of using words denoting numbers in a sentence, their change by gender and declension by case.

Definition

The study of the section on begins in third grade and continues throughout the school course. In a textbook on the Russian language, the definition sounds approximately like this: this is an independent part of speech, which is formed by a non-replenishable group of words indicating the quantity and number of objects, as well as their serial number when counting and answering questions Which? and how much? The initial form of the numeral is the nominative case.

Morphological features of the numeral

Like other nouns, a numeral has variable and constant characteristics. The first includes gender, number and case form, and the others include belonging to the category and type in the system of numerals. It is these morphological features that are the basis for recognizing this part of speech as independent.

Number places

According to their meaning, all numerals are divided into two categories:

1. Quantitative. As a rule, words belonging to this category denote the quantity and number of objects. Among cardinal numbers there are three types: integers ( five, eight, twenty), fractional ( one fifth, three fourths) and collective ( two, both, five). It should be noted that some types of cardinal numbers can be used simultaneously, forming mixed numbers. For example: two whole and three quarters, one whole and one second. Collective and fractional numbers cannot be used together.
2. Ordinal. Words that belong to this category indicate the serial number of an object or person when counting. For example: fifth, seventh, thirty-third, one hundred and fifty-eighth. As can be seen from the example, such numerals can consist of one word or several.

Structure of numerals by composition

Depending on how many words the numeral name consists of, it can be simple ( one, forty), complex ( sixty, seventy) and composite ( twenty five, two thirds). It should be noted that complex numeral names are those that are built on the basis of simple ones, for example, five and ten - fifty.

Collective numbers and their signs

Collective numerals are a special group of words that indicate a collection of objects or persons. Quite often, schoolchildren confuse simple numbers with collective numbers. To prevent this from happening, you need to learn to distinguish between them. For example: two fishermen- simple numeral; two fishermen- collective numeral. This type is formed on the basis of a cardinal number by adding a suffix -o- or -er- and endings -e or -o. For example: two - two, three - three, four - four, five - five, six - six, seven - seven, eight - eight, nine - nine, ten - ten.

Declension of numerals

As already mentioned, one of the inconsistent features of this part of speech is the change in cases. This topic is quite difficult to master, and many people make mistakes when declension of numerals by case, even as adults. And the reason for this is the special forms of declension of some words. Each type of numeral is declined according to certain rules:

• Declension of collective numerals is done in the same way as in the case of plural adjectives.
• When changing the case form of a fractional number, the first part is declined as a simple integer, and the second as an ordinal, in the plural.
• Cardinal numerals have their own characteristics during declension: the number “one” is declined according to the type of the pronoun “this”, and the remaining numbers should be considered with an example. It is also worth noting that when declining, all parts of the number are declined.

Examples of declension of numerals

It is also worth noting that cardinal numbers such as little, a lot, can only be used in the nominative and But the words a little, a lot, several And How many when used in, they acquire endings similar to plural adjectives.

Syntactic compatibility of numerals

Another important topic in the section on numerals is the use of this part of speech. Quite often in everyday life you come across collective numerals, and therefore you should know how to pronounce and write them correctly. And in order to avoid mistakes, you should study not only the declension of numerals by case, but also a topic that reveals what the collective numeral can be combined with. A noun is the main syntactic compatibility partner of a numeral. And there are a lot of features that every educated person should know.

Use of cardinal integers and ordinal numbers

If a numeral in a sentence is used in the nominative and accusative cases, then the noun must be in the genitive case. For example: d nine notebooks, twenty roses, five people.

It should also be noted that numerals such as one and a half, four, three And two, are combined only with singular nouns, and all others - in the plural. For example: two notebooks, three roses, four people.

The examples discussed above show syntactic compatibility, which is called control, since the case of the noun depends on the numeral.

Another type of compatibility is agreement, when both one and the other parts of speech are used in the same case. The only exception in this case is the word one, which agrees with the noun in all cases.

When agreeing ordinal numbers with a noun, they behave in the same way as adjectives. For example: eighth week, tenth day, fourth day. When declining such a numeral by case, it should be taken into account that only the ending of the last word changes. For example: one hundred fifty-fifth paragraph.

Use of collective numerals

Collective numbers are combined with nouns only in the genitive case. The exception is the word both, in which the companion should only have For example: seven kittens And both are friends.

Numerals are used in the language to lexically designate the number, quantity or order of counted objects. They can be simple (with one stem - two, five), complex (with two stems - twelve, sixty) and compound (represented by several words - one hundred forty-seven, four thousand three hundred twenty-nine). Depending on their grammatical meaning and lexical use, numerals are divided into cardinal, ordinal, collective and fractional.

Compound cardinal numbers answer the question “how many?” and consist of several words written separately, corresponding to the number of significant figures, with the exception of zeros, but with the addition of “thousands”, “millions” and other words denoting numbers. Cardinal numbers change according to cases. Change by number and gender is available only for ordinal (seventh, twentieth, thirty-first) numerals.

When declension of compound cardinal numerals by case, all parts change:

I.p. four thousand three hundred twenty five

R.p. four thousand three hundred twenty five

D.p. four thousand three hundred twenty-five

V.p. four thousand three hundred twenty five

Tv.p. four thousand three hundred twenty five

Pr.p. (about) four thousand three hundred twenty-five

The declension of cardinal numerals does not have a common pattern for all. The numerals “two”, “three”, “four” are declined according to the type of mixed declension of adjectives:

I.p. two, three, four

R.p. two, three, four

D.p. two, three, four

V.p. two, three, four

Tv.p. two, three, four

Pr.p. (0) two, three, four

I.p. seven, seventeen, seventy

R.p. seven, seventeen, seventy

D.p. seven, seventeen, seventy

V.p. seven, seventeen, seventy

Tv.p. seven, seventeen, seventy

Pr.p. (o) seven, seventeen, seventy

When the numeral “eight” is declined in the genitive, dative and prepositional cases, it loses the fluent vowel “e” (it changes to a soft sign - eight).

The numerals “eight” and all ending in “-ten” can have two forms of declension: literary (see above) and colloquial (colloquial) - “eight”, “fifty”, “eighty”.

Numerals indicating hundreds (“two hundred”, “three hundred”, “four hundred” and all ending in “-hundred”) change by case in the same way as first declension plural nouns:

I.p. two hundred, six hundred

R.p. two hundred, six hundred

D.p. two hundred, six hundred

V.p. two hundred, six hundred

Tv.p. two hundred, six hundred

Pr.p. (o) two hundred, six hundred

Compound cardinal numbers in colloquial speech tend to have a simplified case change. We often hear how the internal foundations in them cease to change (“three thousand three hundred and twenty-five” - instead of the prescribed “three thousand three hundred and twenty-five”). It also happens that only the last element of a compound cardinal number is declined: (c) “three thousand three hundred twenty-five” instead of (c) “three thousand three hundred twenty-five.”

In colloquial speech, simplified declension of numerals is considered acceptable, but in written speech it is not. In order not to make mistakes, it is best to immediately correctly change each component of a compound numeral by case. This is difficult, it requires some language practice, but there is nothing impossible about it. Practice on the proposed tables, and you will be able to use compound cardinal numerals in the desired declension without any problems.

How many? and Which? - these are the questions that the numeral answers. This part of speech has a case category, and errors are often made when writing it. This article describes the types of numerals, as well as the features of their declensions by case with examples.

An independent part of speech that denotes the quantity and number of objects, as well as their order when counting, is called a name numeral. It answers questions How many? And which?, a sentence can act as both a main and a secondary member. This part of speech has a case category. Very often, many of us make mistakes and use the wrong case form in words. On our website you can decline different types of numerals online at any time. To use the correct endings, you need to know the rules2a of all types and categories.

Cardinal numbers

• The simple form of these words is declined according to the type of nouns of the 3rd declension (ending -And has genitive, dative, prepositional case; ending -yu- instrumental). For example: five - five - five.
• Word one declines depending on gender and number. The ending in the accusative case also depends on the animate/inanimate nature of the object. Example:

Case	Singular			Plural
	One pencil, one crucian carp	One lily	One cloud	Some sleds, some people
	One pencil, one crucian carp	One lily	One cloud	Some sleds, some people
	One pencil, one crucian carp	One lily	To one cloud	One sled, one people
	One pencil, one crucian carp	One lily	One cloud	Some sleds, some people
	One pencil, one crucian carp	One lily	One cloud	Some sleds, some people
P.	About one pencil, about one carp	About one lily	About one cloud	About the same sleds, about the same people

• Words two, three, four in the accusative case they have the nominative form in the meaning of an inanimate object. For animate objects, the genitive case form is applicable.
• Words that are complex in structure are inclined like this:

Case
	twenty	sixty	ninety	three hundred	seven hundred
	twenty	sixty	ninety	three hundred	seven hundred
	twenty	sixty	ninety	three hundred	seven hundred
	twenty	sixty	ninety	three hundred	seven hundred
	twenty	sixty	ninety	three hundred	seven hundred
P.	about twenty	about sixty	about ninety	about three hundred	about seven hundred

• In the compound form, each word is inflected separately.

Fractional numbers

A feature of fractional forms is that the numerator of the fraction is declined as a quantitative digit, and the denominator as an ordinal digit. The change in case endings occurs in two parts. If the numerator ends in one, then the denominator is declined like feminine ordinal numbers ( one fifth - one fifth, thirty-one twenty-seventh - thirty-one twenty-seventh).

Collective numbers

Conjugation of this type occurs by analogy with plural adjectives. The ending of the accusative case depends on the animate/inanimate nature of the object (two horses - two horses, four heads).

Words both/both have special rules for declension.

Ordinal numbers

This type has gender and number, which is necessarily taken into account when declension. In a compound form, only the last part changes. All other words in structure are conjugated as relative adjectives.

TOP 4 articleswho are reading along with this

Table of declensions of numerals indicating order when counting

Test on the topic

Article rating

Average rating: 4.1. Total ratings received: 308.

This article will become a cheat sheet for those who want to learn how to inflect numerals by case.

When inflecting numerals into cases, many people make mistakes. Wrong endings can be seen all over the place. And if in oral speech this is not so obvious, then in written speech one can immediately see the errors. The difficulty of correct declension of this part of speech lies in the fact that there is no single rule. To correctly decline numerals, you should know several rules.

Important: Numerals are not declined according to a pattern or a single pattern. There are several types of declinations.

We will look in more detail using examples in sentences, as well as in general tables.

How to correctly decline cardinal numerals from 0 to 10 billion: rule, table, examples with nouns

Important: Quantitatives are one of the categories of numeral names, have a gender and answer the question “how many?”

Above we have already considered the general rules for declension of numerals. Now let's look at how to correctly decline cardinal numerals using the example of a table.

If you need, for example, to decline the number 300 or 900, just look at the table to understand the principle.

Table 1

Let's look at examples with nouns:

1. Roman didn’t have enough one thousand two hundred rubles to buy a bicycle.
2. Masha wanted to manage the hundred rubles she had donated on her own.

How to correctly decline ordinal numerals: rule, table, examples with nouns

Important: The digit of ordinal numbers indicates the number of an object when counting. They answer the question “which”, “which”, “which”, “which”. For example: fifth ball, thirty-first mile.

Table 2

Examples with nouns:

1. The second participant in the competition showed the best results.
2. Vanya is now ten years old.
3. The fourth friend was not at home.

How to correctly decline collective numerals: rule, table, examples with nouns

Important: Collective numbers are a narrower category than cardinal numbers. Used with nouns, they serve to generalize several objects to one whole. For example, three friends, seven kids.

Table 3

Example sentences:

1. Five students took part in the annual Mathematics Olympiad.
2. Dinner for two at a restaurant will be the best gift on Valentine's Day.
3. Our cat brought six kittens.

How to correctly decline numeral compounds: rule, table, examples with nouns

Important: Numeral names are divided according to their composition into: simple, complex, compound. Compounds are made up of two or more words. For example: forty-two, three hundred twenty-five, one thousand nine hundred and eighty-eight.

When declining compound numerals by case, do not forget to change all words, see table. 4.

Table 4

Examples of sentences with compound numerals:

1. Victory in the Great Patriotic War occurred in nineteen forty-five.
2. Twenty-two houses underwent major renovations.
3. The meeting was held with two hundred and forty-three employees of the company.

Important: In colloquial speech, the declension of compound numerals is simplified. It is permissible to inflect only the first and last word or only the last.

How to correctly decline complex numerals: rule, table, examples with nouns

Examples of complex numerals: eighty, two hundred thousandth, four hundred. Complex numerals combine two roots in one word: five + hundred.

Examples of sentences with complex numbers:

1. More than two hundred children of different ages attend the kindergarten.
2. Sixty schoolchildren were given vouchers to the sanatorium.
3. More than three hundred applications were submitted to the competition.

How to correctly decline the numerals of ordinary fractions by case: rule, table, examples with nouns

Fractions consist of cardinal (numerator) and ordinal (denominator) numbers. For example, 1⁄2 is one half; 4⁄5 - four fifths.

To correctly decline a fractional number, you need to decline all its parts.

Table 5

Examples with nouns:

1. Add one third spoon of salt to the dough.
2. To two point three sixths add two point one eighth.

How to correctly decline the numerals of decimal fractions by case: rule, table, examples with nouns

Let us separately consider the declination of decimal fractions in Table 6.

Table 6

Examples with nouns:

1. One tenth of a kilometer has already been passed.
2. Work has already been completed on one hundredth of the site.

How to correctly decline numerals of mixed numbers by case: rules, examples

Important: If the fraction contains a whole zero, for example 0.5, then the word “whole” is not declined.

Table 7

Examples of sentences with fractional numbers:

1. Multiply four point five by three point seven.
2. Subtract one tenth from three point two hundredths.

Declension of the numeral one and a half, one and a half hundred by cases: features of declension

The peculiarity of the declension of these numerals is that for the nominative and accusative cases there is one form, for other cases - another. This can be seen in the table below.

Declension of the numeral one, one by case: features of declension

The numeral one is declined in exactly the same way as the pronoun "this".

Declension of the numeral two, two in cases: features of declension

Declension of the numeral both, both in cases: features of declension

The words both, both are collective numerals. The table in the figure below shows how these words should be declined.

Now you know how to decline numerals. And if you forgot, you can read this article again.

Video: Rules for declension of numerals