Work battalions. Truth and lies about Soviet prisoners of war

Labor armies of 1942-1946 Temporary labor collectives, period 1942-1946 - a system of forced labor service that existed in Soviet Russia and the USSR of the population conscripted into labor organizations organized on a military model, officially considered part of the NKVD, and later the Ministry of Internal Affairs of republics and regions, in connections with a special period (the Great Patriotic War) in the USSR. Temporary labor collectives were created during the Great Patriotic War in the form of work battalions included in the system of the NKVD and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR. Separate labor collectives continued to exist in the post-war period. N. A. Morozov applied the term “labor army” to temporary labor collectives and gave it a definition: ““Trud army” is a militarized form of labor for certain categories of Soviet citizens in 1941-1945, which is a type of labor settlements and “colonization.” This term is not mentioned in Soviet documents during the Great Patriotic War. The wartime labor policy of the Soviet state was associated with the terms “labor conscription,” “labor legislation,” and “labor reserves.” Formally, all those mobilized were considered free people who were protected by Soviet laws. But in reality, their lives were regulated by decrees, instructions and regulations of the Defense Committee. Control over the mobilization and maintenance of the mobilized was assigned to the NKVD. Workers worked in mining, logging and construction.

Mobilization into labor collectives of 1942-1946. The first Soviet citizens mobilized into “worker battalions” were ethnic Russians, Ukrainians, Germans, Finns, Romanians, Hungarians, Italians, and so on. Later, Koreans, Russians and Ukrainians, Belarusians and Kalmyks, representatives of many other nations and nationalities were mobilized. Soviet ethnic Germans were considered especially unreliable during the Great Patriotic War. That is why they made up the bulk of those mobilized in the Labor Army. Released prisoners of war were also sent to the Labor Army.

Stages of the formation of labor collectives. According to some: The first stage - from September 1941 to January 1942. At this time, on the basis of the resolution of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks of August 31, 1941 “On Germans living on the territory of the Ukrainian USSR” in the republic, labor mobilization of German males of military age takes place. The second stage is from January to October 1942. At this stage, there is a massive conscription into work detachments and columns of German males from 17 to 50 years old, initially those who were resettled, and then those permanently residing in the eastern regions of the country. The third stage - from October 1942 to December 1943 - the mass mobilization of Soviet Germans, which involved not only men, but also German women. The fourth stage - from January 1944 to the bulk of the Labor Army Living and working conditions are being simplified, work detachments and columns are being partially liquidated, their replenishment is now coming from the arrival on the territory of the USSR of citizens of German nationality repatriated from countries liberated by the Red Army and Germany. The labor of prisoners of war and mobilized civilians was used until the mid-1960s.

Work battalions

Work battalions

The parties were formed mainly on August 19-21, 1941, at the proposal of the Leningrad City Committee, from workers and employees who were not subject to priority conscription into the army. They were intended for the protection of factories, factories, institutions, as well as for conducting street battles in the event of an enemy breakthrough into the city. Acquisition of R. b. Special district headquarters were in charge, headed by the secretary of the district party committees. By the end of August, 79 rubles had been created in Leningrad and its suburbs. (over 40 thousand people). Each battalion consisted of 500-600 people, uniting workers and employees of one enterprise. Some battalions included workers from several factories. With the aggravation of the situation at the front, a significant part of the fighters of the Republic of Belarus. joined the 5th, 6th and 7th divisions of the people's militia. Small work detachments were created from the people who remained in the Republican Bolsheviks, which in November 1941 were consolidated into 4 work brigades and 1 Vsevobuch brigade (later reorganized again into the Republican Bolsheviks). Some battalions created in the suburbs of Leningrad entered the battle directly at the walls of their enterprises.

Saint Petersburg. Petrograd. Leningrad: Encyclopedic reference book. - M.: Great Russian Encyclopedia. Ed. board: Belova L.N., Buldakov G.N., Degtyarev A.Ya. et al. 1992 .

See what “Worker battalions” are in other dictionaries:

labor battalions- Soldiers of workers' battalions are withdrawing the population from the front-line areas of the city. Autumn 1941. Soldiers of workers' battalions lead the population out of the front-line areas of the city. Autumn 1941. Leningrad. working battalions were formed mainly... ... Encyclopedic reference book "St. Petersburg"

- (1941) volunteer formations created in 1941 during the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union 1941 45 from communists, Komsomol members and non-party workers, employees and students during the defense of Moscow and a number of large cities of the USSR.... ...

- ... Wikipedia

This article lacks links to sources of information. Information must be verifiable, otherwise it may be questioned and deleted. You can... Wikipedia

45, volunteer military and paramilitary formations from persons who were not subject to priority conscription for mobilization, created to help the Red Army; one of the forms of participation of the Soviet people in the armed struggle against the Germans... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

It was formed from persons who were not subject to priority conscription for mobilization. The initiator of the creation of N. o. The Leningrad party organization spoke out. The Military Council of the Northern Front and the City Party Committee on June 27, 1941 turned to... ... St. Petersburg (encyclopedia)

SOVIET DISPLACED PERSONS, 1944 1952, Soviet citizens who found themselves outside the USSR as a result of the Great Patriotic War (see GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR) (1941 45). Composition of displaced persons and their mood The bulk of displaced persons... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary

Under capitalism, the working class (proletariat) is a class of hired workers, deprived of the means of production, forced to live by selling their labor power. With victory, socialist. revolution, the establishment of the dictatorship of the proletariat of the RK, headed by the Communist. party... ... Soviet historical encyclopedia

Latvian SSR- LATVIAN SSR, Latvia. Formed on July 21, 1940, from August 5. 1940 as part of the USSR. Located in the north. zap. parts of the USSR compare in the Baltic states. Pl. 63.7 thousand km2. Us. 1.9 million people (1939). 56 cities. Capital Riga. Restoration in 1940 Soviet... ... Great Patriotic War 1941-1945: encyclopedia

One of the stereotypes that is persistently introduced into the public consciousness is the myth about the fate of Soviet prisoners of war after their release from German captivity. “Democratic” historians and publicists paint a kind of heartbreaking picture of how former Soviet soldiers, liberated from German concentration camps, were sent almost entirely to the Kolyma camps or, at least, to penal battalions.

In fact, basic common sense dictates that military personnel returning from captivity should be subjected to checks by counterintelligence agencies, if only because there are obviously a number of enemy agents among them. The Germans actively used this channel to send their agents. Here is what W. Schellenberg wrote about this in his memoirs:

“Thousands of Russians were selected in prisoner-of-war camps, who, after training, were dropped by parachute deep into Russian territory. Their main task, along with the transmission of current information, was the political disintegration of the population and sabotage. Other groups were intended to fight partisans, for which they were dropped into as our agents for the Russian partisans, in order to quickly achieve success, we began to recruit volunteers from among Russian prisoners of war right in the front line." .

Thus, the creation at the end of 1941, by order of the People's Commissar of Defense No. 0521, of filtration camps to check those released from captivity was an urgent need.

Not only former prisoners of war were tested in these special camps. The contingent entering there was divided into three accounting groups:
1st - prisoners of war and encirclement;
2nd - ordinary police officers, village elders and other civilians suspected of treasonous activities;
3rd - civilians of military age who lived in territory occupied by the enemy.

But maybe former prisoners were really driven en masse from the filtration camps to Kolyma? Let us consider the archival data published on this topic.

According to information provided by Memorial employees A. Kokurin and N. Petrov in the magazine Svobodnaya Mysl, as of March 1, 1944, 312,594 former Red Army soldiers who were captured or surrounded were checked through the NKVD. Their further fate was as follows:

Thus, 75.1% of former prisoners successfully passed the test and were sent some to the army, some to the national economy, some for treatment. Another 0.6% died, which is not surprising given the living conditions in the German concentration camps from which they were liberated. Only 6.2% were subjected to repression (arrested or sent to penal battalions).

The attentive reader has probably already noticed that the categories listed above do not cover the entire number of former prisoners. The fate of 56,403 military personnel (18.1%) is not indicated. However, one can be sure that these people were by no means lost in the endless expanses of Siberia - the democratic conscience of the authors would not allow them to silence such a sad fact. Most likely, these 56,403 people simply had not yet been tested by that time and continued to be in special camps. True, here Kokurin and Petrov write that at that time 75,314 people were being tested in special NKVD camps. But let’s not demand too much from them - people who started and support the myth about tens of millions of victims of Stalin’s repressions are simply obliged to suffer from a pathological ignorance of arithmetic.

Almost simultaneously, the same information was given by A.V. Mezhenko in the Military Historical Journal:

Unlike A. Kokurin and N. Petrov, A. Mezhenko’s ends meet, in addition, he indicates the archival source where he got his data from.

So, as of March 1944, 256,200 former prisoners passed the NKVD inspection. Of these:

successfully passed the test - 234,863 (91.7%)
sent to penal battalions - 8255 (3.2%)
arrested - 11283 (4.4%)
died - 1799 (0.7%).

A similar ratio remained in the autumn of 1944. Here is an excerpt from the document:

V.F. Nekrasov gives almost the same figures in his book:

"In accordance with the resolutions of the State Defense Committee of December 27, 1941 and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of January 24, 1944, all Red Army servicemen who were surrounded and captured through collection points were sent to special NKVD camps for inspection, from where those who were verified were transferred for sending to the Red Army through military registration and enlistment offices, partly to work in industry, and partly arrested by Smersh bodies. Thus, by October 20, 1944, 354,590 people were admitted to such NKVD special camps, of which, after verification, 249,416 were returned to the Red Army, 51,615 were under verification. 36,630 were transferred to industry and security, 11,566 were arrested by Smersh authorities, they left for various other reasons, including to the hospitals of the People's Commissariat of Defense, and 5,347 people died." .

Since the “Help” contains more detailed data than V. Nekrasov’s, we will analyze them. So, the fates of former prisoners of war who were tested before October 1, 1944 are distributed as follows:

Since the document cited above also indicates the number of officers for most categories, we calculate the data separately for privates and non-commissioned officers and separately for officers:

Thus, among the privates and sergeants, the test was successfully completed over 95%(or 19 out of every 20) former prisoners of war. The situation was somewhat different with the officers who were captured. Less than 3% of them were arrested, but from the summer of 1943 to the fall of 1944, a significant proportion were sent as privates and sergeants to assault battalions. And this is quite understandable and justified - there is more demand from an officer than from a private.

In addition, it must be taken into account that officers who ended up in penal battalions and atoned for their guilt were restored in rank. For example, the 1st and 2nd assault battalions, formed by August 25, 1943, showed excellent performance during two months of fighting and were disbanded by order of the NKVD. The fighters of these units were restored to their rights, including officers, and then sent to fight further as part of the Red Army.

And in November 1944, the State Defense Committee adopted a resolution according to which released prisoners of war and Soviet citizens of military age until the end of the war were sent directly to reserve military units, bypassing special camps. Among them were more than 83 thousand officers. Of these, after verification, 56,160 people were dismissed from the army, more than 10 thousand were sent to the troops, 1,567 were stripped of their officer ranks and demoted to privates, 15,241 were transferred to privates and sergeants.

So, after getting acquainted with the facts, including those published by avowed anti-Stalinists, the myth about the tragic fate of the liberated Soviet prisoners of war bursts like a soap bubble. In fact, until the end of the war, the overwhelming majority (over 90%) of Soviet military personnel released from German captivity, after the necessary checks in the NKVD special camps, returned to duty or were sent to work in industry. A small number (about 4%) were arrested and about the same number were sent to penal battalions.

After the end of the war, the mass liberation of Soviet prisoners of war and civilians deported for forced labor in Germany and other countries began. According to Headquarters Directive No. 11086 of May 11, 1945, the People's Commissariat of Defense organized 100 camps to receive repatriated Soviet citizens liberated by Allied troops. In addition, 46 collection points operated to receive Soviet citizens liberated by Soviet troops.

On May 22, 1945, the State Defense Committee adopted a resolution in which, on the initiative of L.P. Beria, a 10-day period for registration and verification of repatriates was established, after which civilians were to be sent to their place of permanent residence, and military personnel to reserve units. However, due to the massive influx of repatriates, the 10-day period turned out to be unrealistic and was increased to one or two months.

The final results of the verification of Soviet prisoners of war and civilians released after the war are as follows. By March 1, 1946, 4,199,488 Soviet citizens had been repatriated (2,660,013 civilians and 1,539,475 prisoners of war), of which 1,846,802 came from the zones of action of Soviet troops abroad and 2,352,686 were accepted from the Anglo-Americans and arrived from other countries.

Thus, of the prisoners of war released after the end of the war, only 14.69% were subjected to repression. As a rule, these were Vlasovites and other accomplices of the occupiers. Thus, according to the instructions available to the heads of the inspection bodies, from among the repatriates the following were subject to arrest and trial:
- management and command staff of the police, “people's guard”, “people's militia”, “Russian liberation army”, national legions and other similar organizations;
- ordinary police officers and ordinary members of the listed organizations who took part in punitive expeditions or were active in the performance of duties;
- former soldiers of the Red Army who voluntarily went over to the enemy’s side;
- burgomasters, major fascist officials, employees of the Gestapo and other German punitive and intelligence agencies;
- village elders who were active accomplices of the occupiers.

What was the further fate of these “freedom fighters” who fell into the hands of the NKVD? Most of them were told that they deserved the most severe punishment, but in connection with the victory over Germany, the Soviet government showed leniency towards them, releasing them from criminal liability for treason, and limited themselves to sending them to a special settlement for a period of 6 years.

Such a manifestation of humanism came as a complete surprise to the fascist collaborators. Here is a typical episode. On November 6, 1944, two British ships arrived in Murmansk, carrying 9,907 former Soviet soldiers who had fought in the German army against the Anglo-American troops and were captured by them. According to Article 193 of the then Criminal Code of the RSFSR, only one punishment was provided for the defection of military personnel to the side of the enemy in wartime - the death penalty with confiscation of property. Therefore, many “passengers” expected to be shot immediately at the Murmansk pier. However, official Soviet representatives explained that the Soviet government had forgiven them and that not only would they not be shot, but they would generally be exempt from criminal liability for treason. For more than a year, these people were tested in a special NKVD camp, and then were sent to a 6-year special settlement. In 1952, most of them were released, and no criminal record was listed on their application forms, and the time they worked in the special settlement was counted as work experience.

In total in 1946-1947. 148,079 Vlasovites and other accomplices of the occupiers arrived at the special settlement. On January 1, 1953, 56,746 Vlasovites remained in the special settlement; 93,446 were released in 1951-1952. upon completion of the term.

As for the accomplices of the occupiers, who stained themselves with specific crimes, they were sent to the Gulag camps, where they formed a worthy company for Solzhenitsyn.

A few words should be said about former Soviet prisoners of war enlisted in labor battalions. Many unscrupulous researchers and publicists include them in the category of repressed people. However, this is absolutely not true.

In 1945, after the Red Army soldiers of those ages who were subject to the demobilization order were transferred to the reserve, private and non-commissioned prisoners of war of the corresponding ages were also released to their homes. It is quite natural and fair that the remaining prisoners of war, whose peers continued to serve in the army, should have been reinstated in military service. However, the war was already over, and now the country needed workers, not soldiers. Therefore, in accordance with the GKO decree of August 18, 1945, some of them were enrolled in workers' battalions.

According to the directive of the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces of July 12, 1946, these battalions, which were an analogue of modern construction battalions, were disbanded, and their personnel received the status of “transferred to permanent industrial personnel.” According to the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of September 30, 1946, the current labor legislation was fully extended to them, as well as all the rights and benefits enjoyed by workers and employees of the relevant enterprises and construction sites. They retained the status of full citizens of the USSR, but without the right to leave their place of work established by the state.

In 1946-1948. Military personnel of a number of ages were demobilized from the Red Army. Accordingly, their peers, previously enrolled in labor battalions, were allowed to return to the places where they lived before the war.

Let's summarize. As we could see, of the prisoners of war released during the war, they were subjected to repression less than 10%, from those released after the war - less than 15%, and most of the “repressed” fully deserved their fate. There were also innocent victims, but this was the exception to the rule, and by no means the rule.

In conclusion, a few words about the moral side of the issue. Generally speaking, voluntary surrender is a shameful act, regardless of whether it is punishable by the Criminal Code or not. And therefore, to declare former prisoners of war heroes means to mock the memory of those Soviet soldiers and officers who chose to die rather than surrender.

21. GARF. F.9526. Op.7. D.44. L.251.

22. GARF. F.5446. Op.52. D.6723. L.34.

23. V.N.Zemskov. Repatriation of Soviet citizens and their further fate // Sociological studies. 1995. No. 6. P.10.

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This year marks the 75th anniversary of the start of the Great Patriotic War. One of the most tragic pages of this war is the story of captured Soviet soldiers. The exact numbers are still unknown and range from 3 million 400 thousand to 5 million 270 thousand people. Between 40 and 50 percent of them died in captivity. They were destroyed or died from hunger and disease. In the fall of 1944, the Red Army entered Europe and the mass liberation of prisoners of war from Nazi camps began. Former prisoners underwent special checks in NKVD camps, many were sent back to military units and went to the front. After the end of the war, on August 18, 1945, the State Defense Committee of the USSR adopted the GKO resolution “On sending Red Army soldiers released from German captivity and repatriates of military age to work in industry.” Based on this decree, working battalions of the People's Commissariat of Defense were formed. Prisoners of war who served in the German army, units of the Russian Liberation Army (ROA) or who actively collaborated with the German authorities were eliminated. The privates and sergeants were divided into two large groups based on age - demobilized and non-demobilized ages. Prisoners of war and civilian repatriates of non-demobilizable ages were enrolled in work battalions. At the same time, male civilian repatriates who were of conscription age in 1941 were sent to work battalions, and those who were pre-conscription age in 1941 and had now reached it were called up for military service on a general basis. The work battalions were tasked with providing labor for the largest industrial enterprises and construction sites of the Soviet Union. Dismissal from working battalions and sending repatriates to their place of residence was made by the People's Commissariat of Defense dependent on the future demobilization from the army of conscripts of the corresponding ages. Work battalions were part of the People's Commissariat of Defense system only during the period of their formation, and later became subordinate to the departments to which the enterprises belonged. According to data as of February 6, 1946, out of 578,616 repatriates enrolled in work battalions, 256,300 people were transferred to the People's Commissariat of the coal industry, ferrous metallurgy - 102,706, timber industry - 25,500, oil - 27,800, chemical - 15,440, to various construction organizations - 37,750, to construction sites and enterprises in the NKVD system - 3500, to the People's Commissariat of Power Plants - 10 thousand, the People's Commissariat of Railways - 11 thousand, the building materials industry - 9070, the shipbuilding industry - 2800, rubber - 2850, paper - 5450, fish - 8 thousand, mica - 2200, non-ferrous metallurgy - 7 thousand, for the procurement of firewood for Moscow - 10 thousand, for the Glavstalingrad restoration system - 12 thousand and at the disposal of other people's commissariats and departments - 29,250 people. Since 1946, the fighters of the workers' battalions began to transform into ordinary civilian workers and employees. According to the directive of the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces of July 12, 1946, the working battalions were disbanded, and the term “transferred to permanent industrial personnel” began to be applied to this category of repatriates. By decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated September 30, 1946, the current labor legislation was fully extended to them, as well as all the rights and benefits enjoyed by workers and employees of the relevant enterprises and construction sites. They retained the status of full citizens of the USSR, but without the right to leave the place of work determined by the state (not a designated place of residence, like special settlers, but namely the place of work). For leaving work without permission, they were threatened with imprisonment in the Gulag for a term of 5 to 8 years (in May 1948, this penalty was reduced - from 2 to 4 months). In 1946-1948, military personnel of a number of ages were demobilized from the Red Army, and, accordingly, their peers, who had previously been enrolled in working battalions, were demobilized. The workers' battalions tried to get permission to return to the places where they lived before the war. The management of the enterprises tried with all their might to keep them at work and persuade them to conclude long-term employment contracts. Escapes from enterprises and construction sites have become widespread. “The fugitives, whose number numbered in many tens of thousands, risked the fact that they could be brought to criminal liability for leaving without permission from their place of work, but in practice the risk was not so great, since they were not put on the all-Union wanted list, and local searches usually resulted didn't give it. A common method of exemption from work resulted in non-return from vacation (since repatriates - former “Arbeit battalion soldiers” were declared that they had all the rights of Soviet workers and employees, therefore, they had the right to annual leave). Only the Baltic states and residents of the Caucasian republics could legally return to their homeland. According to decisions of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of April 13, 1946, October 2, 1946 and June 12, 1947, repatriates of all ages (except for Germans, Meskhetian Turks, Kurds and some others) who were residents of Lithuania and Latvia were returned to their homeland , Estonia, Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan. Already by the beginning of 1948, the number of repatriates among the permanent industrial workforce had more than halved” (http://scepsis.net/library/id_1234.html). There were also working battalions in Mosenergo. About a thousand former prisoners of war and civilian repatriates were sent in 1945 to Moscow at CHPP-11. A special card index was preserved in the archives of the power plant, in which the basic biographical data of the workers’ battalion fighters was recorded: full name, year and place of birth, party affiliation, education, profession, marital status and nationality. In addition, the card index reflected the military path - places and years of service - and places of captivity. The records were made by personnel service employees from the words of the repatriates. Therefore, they are often difficult to decipher. First of all, this concerns geographical names - the names of German, Polish, Baltic cities, villages, camps, recorded by ear.

Some of the repatriates were sent to CHPP-11 not from filtration camps and military units, but after work on the restoration of Stalinogorskaya GRES-10 Mosenergo, where they were sent in 1944. All records from the card index were verified with data from the Archive of the Russian Ministry of Defense. These data are given in full after the biographical data from the CHP file. Differences in information most often speak for themselves, but after the publication of the entire card index we will make a special addition in the form of general statistics of these differences (the number of registered/unregistered, passing through the archive lists as dead, but in fact - survivors, etc.). d.). We do not know what the future fate of the former fighters of the working battalion of TPP-11 was. Most of them left for their homeland in 1946-1947. They had neither health nor strength after the German camps. But families were waiting at home, and often small children. And there it was necessary to restore life, save the civilian population from hunger and cold, and raise cities and villages from the ruins. The fighters of the workers' battalions did not receive post-war glory; they took full advantage of the hardships that 1941 brought to our country. Their life, most likely, was short-lived. This can be seen from the number of recipients in the anniversary year of 1985. But thanks to the workers of CHPP-11, who preserved the card index for future generations, today we can remember them by name and bow. And once again look into the terrible face of war.

Preparation and publication by G.L. Andreeva.

Litvinov Danil

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State budgetary educational institution cadet school - boarding school "Kurganin Cossack Cadet Corps"

“Trophy service during the Great Patriotic War”

Performed by a student of GBOU KSHI

"Kurganin Cossack Cadet

Corps" Litvinov Daniil

Teacher: Pshebyshevskaya S.S.

History teacher

2015

Time inexorably moves us away from the events of the Great Patriotic War, around which ideological and political disputes are still flaring up. There is no person in our country who has not been affected by the war. Every family of our great country carefully preserves the memory of the heroes who fought at the front with arms in hand, forged Victory at the machines, and worked in the rear, providing the army with bread.

In my work I would like to talk about one little-studied topic in the history of the Great Patriotic War - the history of Trophy battalions. The great-grandfather of cadet GBOU KSHI “Kurganin Cossack Cadet Corps” Sergei Golovkin served in the First Order of Alexander Nevsky captured battalion.

No books are written about the TROPHY service, no films are made, and it is very rarely mentioned in the media. Therefore, many do not know that such a service existed as part of the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War. Perhaps it would still be useful today during local wars, armed conflicts and counter-terrorism operations.

Meanwhile, the importance of trophies is difficult to overestimate. During the war years, for example, the captured service collected 24,612 tanks and self-propelled guns, which would have been enough to staff 120 German tank divisions. The 72,204 guns captured on the battlefields could equip 300 infantry artillery divisions.

Trophies always accompanied wars as symbolic and material results of victory over the enemy.In the modern era (according to international laws and customs of war), trophies are usually understood as weapons, military equipment, food, military-industrial equipment, stocks of raw materials and finished products captured from the enemy, intended to meet the needs of the armed forces of the warring state.

By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the Soviet Army did not have an independent trophy service.The collection and sale of trophy property was carried out by trophy commissions created from representatives of food services. Only after a radical restructuring of the rear system of the Soviet Army (August 1941) was the first attempt made to unite the trophy business in the hands of a single body. In the center, such a body was the evacuation department of the rear headquarters of the Soviet Army, formed from the economic department of the General Staff.

The order of the People's Commissariat of Defense of the USSR dated December 18, 1941 stated that “in the rear of the Western Front, no organized collection of captured property is carried out... The absence of any protection of property abandoned by the enemy leads to the fact that the population freely takes this property.”

In accordance with the resolution, two permanent commissions were created under the State Defense Committee - the Central Commission for the collection of captured weapons and property, chaired by Marshal of the Soviet Union S. M. Budyonny, and the Central Commission for the collection of ferrous and non-ferrous metals in the front line, chaired by N. M. Shvernik. As part of the Main Directorate of Logistics of the Soviet Army, a Directorate was formed for the collection and use of captured weapons, property and scrap metal, and in the fronts and combined arms armies.

In April 1942, instructions were issued for the collection, cutting and removal of captured weapons, property and scrap metal. (Appendix 2) It determined the main tasks of the captured service to identify, collect and sell captured weapons, property and scrap metal.

New tasks faced the captured service after the defeat of the Nazi troops at Stalingrad and the subsequent winter offensive of the Soviet Army.

To clear the battlefields of a huge amount of military equipment and weapons, a special reinforced trophy department was created on the basis of the trophy department of the former Don Front (headed by Lieutenant Colonel Pletnitsky). The department was assigned seven army trophy companies, five army battalions, a front-line trophy brigade, an evacuation unit, seven army trophy warehouses, three separate work battalions, evacuation and evacuation diving detachments 463.

The increased scope and pace of offensive operations required further strengthening of captured units and increasing their maneuverability. After all, during the winter offensive of the Soviet Army alone (November 1942 - March 31, 1943), our troops captured 1,490 aircraft, 4,679 tanks, 15,860 guns of various calibers, 9,835 mortars, 30,705 machine guns, over 500 thousand rifles, 17 million shells, 123 thousand vehicles, 890 steam locomotives, 22 thousand carriages, 1825 warehouses, a large number of radio stations, motorcycles and much other military property 464.

Along with the trophies, our troops recaptured from the enemy equipment, valuable metals, various national economic property, food, works of art, cultural values, etc., looted on Soviet soil. A lot of such property ended up on supply and evacuation routes, at railway junctions in trains, at bases and warehouses, in troop transports. All this had to be identified, concentrated, preserved and transferred to the appropriate organizations. The Trophy Service actively participated in assisting local authorities and the population of liberated areas in providing food, restoring enterprises, homes, hospitals, schools, repairing agricultural equipment, etc. All this urgently required bringing the system of captured organs, their structure, forces and means into line with the increased tasks.

The further the fighting moved to the west, the more our troops captured from the enemy looted Soviet equipment, economic property and cultural property intended for export to Nazi Germany. In Odessa alone, captured authorities of the 3rd Ukrainian Front discovered 1,900 wagons loaded with property looted by the Nazis in Ukraine. On the Danube, as well as in the ports of Romania and Bulgaria, over 109 barges with various national economic cargo (equipment, food, etc.) were returned.And if it was enough for local economic facilities (factories, warehouses, etc.) to be taken into account, protected, and then transferred to local authorities, then in relation to the mentioned property it was also necessary to establish its ownership and organize shipment to its destination.

The scale of economic work especially increased after the entry of our troops into East Prussia. At first, the situation was difficult here. The population was completely forcibly removed by the Nazi command, all areas of the economy were inactive. Meanwhile, among the huge number of abandoned enterprises and household property, there was more and more Soviet industrial and energy equipment, agricultural machinery, cultural and other valuables taken by fascist robbers from the USSR. The captured bodies of the 3rd Belorussian Front discovered: machine equipment from the Minsk plant named after S. M. Kirov, scales from the Minsk weighing plant "Udarnik", furniture and theatrical costumes of the Belarusian Opera and Ballet Theater and the Vitebsk State Drama Theater, furniture from the House of Government of the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic etc. In total, in a small area (25–30 km along the front and 12–15 km in depth) there were 3,200 wagons of various equipment and property.

In June 1944, the captured authorities received the task of clearing the most important railway stations and ports that were part of the army and front-line rear areas of trophies and explosive objects. By August 17, 1944, 1,433 railway stations were cleared and about 8 million explosive shells, mines, aerial bombs, etc. were destroyed. By January 1, 1945, 3,574 railway stations and 12 ports had already been completely cleared 466.

Despite the large diversion of effort and resources for work in national economic facilities, the captured service also coped with its most important task - the collection, sale and shipment of weapons, military equipment and scrap metal. The volume of this work in 1944 increased significantly compared to all previous periods. The government plan for the collection and shipment of scrap metal has been fulfilled by 126 percent for ferrous scrap, and 220.8 percent for non-ferrous scrap. The volume of evacuation work of the captured service in 1944 is evidenced by the following data: 130,344 wagons were shipped with weapons and scrap metal alone. Chairman of the Trophy Committee, Marshal of the Soviet Union K.E. Voroshilov wrote: “In the offensive operations of the Soviet Army, captured units ensured the timely collection and removal of captured and domestic weapons, ammunition, and military equipment, taking their place in the combat formations of the active troops. Captured units in 1944 successfully completed their assigned tasks" In 1944, 3,674 officers, sergeants and soldiers of the captured service were awarded orders and medals.

As Soviet troops advanced deeper into Nazi Germany, the number of captured military-economic facilities increased - bases and warehouses for weapons, food and fodder, fuels and lubricants, strategic raw materials, military enterprises, etc. In the order of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief dated February 23, 1945, among The trophies that our troops won during the 40 days of the offensive indicate military factories producing tanks, aircraft, weapons and ammunition. All these trophies had to be taken into account and protected, which caused a dispersion of the forces and resources of the trophy bodies.

On the 1st Ukrainian Front, for example, during the Vistula-Oder operation, captured units in a short time scattered all the personnel so much to guard bases, warehouses and other objects that the captured artillery depot in Valya Wisnava, which had a perimeter of 14 km, was guarded only 36 fighters 467. Tens and hundreds of small warehouses were left without security, not to mention scattered trophy national economic property. At the same time, the volume of tasks related to the collection and evacuation of captured military equipment, weapons, ammunition and other property has also increased. During the Berlin operation alone, in the zones of the 1st Belorussian and 1st Ukrainian fronts, according to far from complete data, 4510 aircraft, 1550 tanks and self-propelled guns, 565 armored vehicles and armored personnel carriers, 8613 guns, 2304 mortars, 19,393 machine guns, 179 071 rifles and machine guns, 876 tractors and tractors, 9,340 motorcycles, 25,289 bicycles, 8,261 carts, 363 steam locomotives, 22,659 wagons, 34,000 shells, 360,000 screw cartridges, 34,886 faust cartridges, etc. Considering the lack of forces and means of the captured service, the front command provided it with possible assistance. For example, the commander of the 1st Belorussian Front, by directive of January 20, 1945, ordered the allocation of one rifle company in addition to the captured teams in each division, providing them with transport and tractors.

One of the important tasks of the captured service at the final stage of the war was to take care of the protection of historical and cultural values ​​(museums, art galleries, etc.) in the territory liberated from the enemy.

At the end of the war in Europe, a special period began for captured service. Along with completing work on clearing the theater of military operations, evacuating and selling the remains of captured property, it was entrusted with solving the problems of military-economic disarmament of Nazi Germany, carried out in accordance with the decisions of the Potsdam Conference. In this regard, in June 1945, separate trophy departments were created on the basis of the trophy departments of the fronts. After the creation of the military command and control system, captured commands were strengthened and became part of groups of forces subordinate to commanders.

Drawing conclusions about the work of the captured service in the Great Patriotic War in the West, and later in the East, it should be emphasized that, despite enormous difficulties and a number of shortcomings, the captured service during the war years successfully coped with large and diverse tasks. The enormous military-economic significance of her work is evidenced by the following summary data. The captured bodies collected 24,615 tanks and self-propelled artillery units. They would have been enough to staff 120 German tank divisions of that time. 72,204 captured guns constitute the artillery armament of almost 300 infantry, 100 artillery, 30 anti-aircraft divisions and 35 heavy artillery units. The 122,199,556 captured shells collected and evacuated by the captured service during the war were three times the total availability of shells in the German army at the end of the First World War .

A serious military-economic task of the captured service was to identify new products and achievements of the enemy’s military equipment, as well as the technology of its production.For example, captured organs of the 3rd Ukrainian Front, on a special assignment from the center, searched for and discovered an underground FAU plant.

When the first fascist planes were shot down over Moscow at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, they were placed on Sverdlov Square for public viewing. This was the “germ” of a future trophy exhibition. And on June 22, 1943, by decision of the State Defense Committee, the Central Exhibition of captured weapons was opened, which lasted until 1948. In total, more than 7 million people visited it during the exhibition period. There are many reviews from visitors. Sergeant Chupinov writes: “With legitimate pride, every soldier, every officer of our army is aware of the superiority of our weapons, our equipment, which was so recently confirmed.” The commander of the partisan brigade, Comrade. Khramov wrote: “Having looked at the exhibition, I admire our glorious warriors, the tamers of these monsters “panthers” and “tigers.” The recording of two lieutenants of the French Normandy squadron is typical: “The exhibition gave us the opportunity to get acquainted with the machines that we have to fight against.”

At the end of the war in Europe, a special period began for captured service. Along with the completion of work on clearing the theater of military operations, evacuating and selling the remains of captured property, it was entrusted with solving the tasks of military-economic disarmament of Nazi Germany, carried out in accordance with the decision of the Potsdam Conference. In this regard, in June 1945, separate trophy departments were organized on the basis of the trophy departments of the fronts. After the creation of the military command and control system, captured commands were strengthened and became part of groups of forces subordinate to commanders.

Appendix 1.

REMINDER
for collecting captured weapons and property

WHAT ARE TROPHIES AND WHO COLLECTS THEM

All weapons, military and economic property abandoned by the enemy or captured by our troops on the battlefield, in populated areas, at railway stations are considered trophies.

All captured weapons and property captured from the enemy areproperty of the state.Its theft, damage or concealment is regarded as an act aimed at undermining the state and defense power of our Motherland.

The collection of trophies and domestic weapons and property left on the battlefield is carried out by regimental captured teams and army companies for the collection of captured weapons, property and scrap metal.

In addition, part of the captured weapons and property is selected during the battle by military units for direct use against the enemy.

Regimental trophy teams are responsible for the collection and removal of light weapons, property and scrap metal. The team leader keeps records of what is collected according to the forms established by the division’s trophy authorities.

All captured and domestic weapons, property and scrap metal collected by the regimental trophy team are demolished or taken to temporary collection points, organized at the direction of the assistant regiment commander for logistics, in the area of ​​the rear border of the regiment.

The collection point is usually located near roads or driveways.

As weapons, property and scrap metal accumulate at the collection point of the regiment, the latter is transported to the divisional exchange point or, if there is an accompanying empty load, directly to the army trophy warehouse.

Army companies for collecting captured property and scrap metal produce:

Collection and removal from the battlefield of heavy weapons and property;

Collection of light weapons and property that were not collected for one reason or another by captured regiment teams;

Collection of metal scrap - ferrous and non-ferrous metals.

Platoon and company commanders keep records of everything collected and exported according to the forms established by the army’s trophy department,

All weapons, property and scrap metal collected by the army trophy company or located at divisional exchange points are evacuated by the army trophy company on its own or passing vehicles directly to the army trophy salary or its collection points.

The army trophy department gives instructions on which army collection point to send the property to.

ORGANIZATION OF COLLECTION AND EXPORT OF TROPHY AND DOMESTIC WEAPONS AND PROPERTY

Area reconnaissance

1. Upon the liberation of territory occupied by the enemy, a captured regimental command or a captured army company sends reconnaissance to search for and clear the abandoned weapons and property.

Reconnaissance must be carried out carefully, combing a designated area or area, inspecting all rooms, basements, abandoned trenches, and dugouts.

2. All discovered weapons and property, especially guns, tanks, armored and motor vehicles, tractors, etc., are entered into a statement in the following form:

In the note, indicate specific features, for example: “Mined”, “Is under enemy fire”

3. After reconnaissance, the completed statement is handed over to the commander who assigned the reconnaissance for use in collecting weapons and property.

4. To prevent theft (“dismantling”), an advertisement is placed on vehicles, tanks, transport, warehouses and other large types of weapons, in which the registration number is affixed:

5. If a large amount of captured weapons and property, as well as captured warehouses are discovered, you must immediately notify your command, which must allocate appropriate security, and set up a post before the security arrives.

It is necessary to ensure that no one takes captured food and fodder before laboratory testing, as there have been cases of poisoning by the enemy.

6. Inspection of captured equipment must be carried out in compliance with all precautions, since the enemy often mines the equipment and weapons he throws.

These precautions are as follows:

a) When inspecting captured vehicles, guns, tanks, the presence of mining specialists is mandatory. Mine reconnaissance of tanks that were blown up in minefields must be carried out especially carefully.

The doors of cabins of vehicles abandoned by the enemy, if they are closed, and hinged hood covers should be opened only after a thorough inspection.

If there is a suspicion of installed booby traps (“surprises”), the cabin doors and hood lids are opened using a rope no less than 25 m long. Signs of traps will be thin wires, which upon careful inspection can be detected through the cabin window or if you carefully open the hood of the car, if present. wires there is a slight resistance to opening.

b) If you find a large number of small arms on the battlefield or in a populated area - machine guns, rifles, machine guns, pistols - you need to be especially careful, since mining them is widely used by the enemy.

If there is a suspicion that the weapon is mined, it is best to hook it with a grapple on a rope (35-45 m long), move away the entire length of the rope, lie on the ground, and sharply pull the grapple towards you so that the wire breaks. If there is no explosion, wait 2-3 minutes and, approaching the lying weapon, carefully lift it. If you don’t have a cat in winter, you need to carefully rake away the snow with your hand and carefully inspect the weapon to see if there are any signs indicating that it is mined. Most often, such signs are traces of freshly dug earth.

One of the simplest and most common “traps” is tying a weapon to the pull ball of a German M-24 (or M-39) hand grenade or to an anti-tank mine that is buried in the ground. Having discovered such a connection, the wire or string must be carefully cut, and the grenade or mine must be removed from the ground or destroyed by explosion.

c) Reconnaissance of chemical weapons abandoned by the enemy - chemical shells, cylinders with toxic substances, chemical equipment - must be carried out in compliance with the rules of anti-chemical protection. Carry chemical shells and cylinders with toxic substances only in a gas mask.

It must also be borne in mind that the enemy uses self-igniting liquid to douse weapons and property.

d) Mines, shells, grenades and explosives found on the battlefield can only be collected after they have been thoroughly inspected and neutralized by an artillery technician. He also establishes the procedure for collecting ammunition.

Ammunition that is not subject to collection is blown up on the spot, always with the permission of superior officers and in the presence of an artillery technician.

7. In winter, if there is deep snow cover, it is recommended to mark the location of weapons discovered during reconnaissance with poles or stencil indicators, which will make it easy to find weapons when collecting them.

Collection and evacuation of light weapons and property

The collection of light weapons and equipment is carried out, as a rule, in the area of ​​the first echelon of the regiment. To properly organize the collection, the following must be observed:

1. Divide the battlefield into sections. Each site is inspected by a group of fighters (2-4 people). The size of the area is determined depending on the specific conditions of the situation.

2. Each group of fighters carefully combs its area and collects small arms and property abandoned by the enemy. Everything collected is immediately demolished or transported on vehicles, carts or sleighs to the nearest temporary collection point or to a divisional exchange point. When evacuating weapons and property, it is necessary to make maximum use of passing empty transport.

3. Temporary collection points are organized mainly near roads or in places convenient for the access of horse-drawn transport and are camouflaged.

4. Particular care must be taken when transporting mines to mortars, since they can easily explode from strong shocks; transporting them without packaging is prohibited.

5. The removal of weapons, ammunition and other property from captured enemy warehouses to the rear must be forced, since the enemy, knowing exactly the location of his warehouses, can destroy them by air bombing or long-range artillery fire.

As a last resort, if it is impossible to immediately evacuate weapons and property from captured warehouses to the rear, the warehouses need to be relocated at least 1-2 km to the side and carefully camouflaged.

Collection and evacuation of heavy weapons and equipment

1. The collection and removal of heavy weapons, guns of various systems, aircraft, tanks, armored vehicles) and equipment (vehicles, tractors, transporters, engineering equipment) is carried out by the forces and means of an army company for collecting captured property, evacuation companies of armored forces of the army or working battalions of the air force strength

2. Equipment and weapons evacuated from forward positions are sent to addresses at the direction of the captured authorities of the division, army and front, as well as the heads of supply services. To evacuate heavy vehicles, passing empty transport is used as much as possible.

3. When transporting tanks, vehicles, tractors from the battlefield, when there is a suspicion of mining, the following rules must be observed:

a) At the beginning of transportation of cars, tractors, tanks, it is recommended to use a steel cable at least 50 m long with hooks or loops at the end.

b) The rear wall and top of the tractor driver’s cabin should preferably be lined with iron sheets 5 mm thick to protect against splinters.

c) One driver begins transporting the evacuated weapons or equipment, and all other fighters either retreat 100 m or hide in cover.

d) Having towed a vehicle (tractor, tank) 10-15 m from its initial parking place, you need to carefully inspect it inside (body, cabin, tank hull) and remove all foreign objects (shells, cartridges, grenades, etc.) . Particular care must be taken to inspect the inside of tanks, which, as a rule, contain dozens of shells and hundreds of cartridges. Not removed from cars, they more than once led to accidents at stations and repair bases, where curious people, having discovered the shells and not knowing how to handle them, caused an explosion with an accidental blow.

After inspecting the transported vehicle, the towing cable is shortened to 10 m and towing continues. to the place where the trophies are concentrated.

Tractors and tanks, in cases where they have been previously checked by miners, are transported immediately on a 10 m long cable,

4. Captured vehicles that have a working rear ramp and a faulty front one can be transported to the concentration sites on the rear wheels, loading the front part of the transported vehicle onto the transporting body. In this way, German passenger cars and trucks weighing up to 2.5-3 tons can be transported. Heavy German cars weighing 5-12 tons can only be transported by tractors.

5. In winter, when there is deep snow cover, tanks, tractors, heavy vehicles and guns are transported on special sleighs, runners or skis.

Loading a tank (tractor) onto a sled, runner or skis is done in two ways:

The first method: the tank is hung with jacks (light tanks can be hung with jacks), sleds, runners and skis are brought under it, after which the tank is lowered onto them;

The second method: the tank is pulled onto a sled, runners or skis along two guide pads using a tractor, winch or hoist.

Before loading, the tank must be prepared: checked for mine safety, dug out of snow and cleared the access path to it.

Sorting trophy property

All collected trophy property is sorted into the following groups;

1) serviceable or in need of minor repairs;

2) requiring military repairs;

3) requiring factory repair;

4) worthless.

Captured weapons and property that can be immediately put into service are considered serviceable (for example, cars, tanks, tractors and motorcycles on the move, guns, machine guns, machine guns that the enemy abandoned before they were damaged).

Property requiring minor repairs should be understood as property that can be repaired on site by military units (for example, cars with bullet-proof cylinders, with removed batteries, carburetors or other small parts).

Requiring military repairs are weapons and property, the repair of which requires machine equipment and qualified labor. Medium repairs are carried out in divisional artillery repair shops and front-line repair bases.

In the warm season, outside the zone of constant shelling, medium repairs can be carried out directly on the spot (in the field) by mobile repair teams of divisional artillery repair shops and front-line repair bases.

Factory repairs are required by those machines, tanks or guns on which important units and parts have been removed (or broken), or the wear of the mechanisms reaches such a value that a complete restoration repair with replacement of worn parts is necessary.

During sorting, a pyrotechnician must be present, whose responsibility is to check the explosion safety of the property.

From equipment and weapons, especially from tractors and vehicles intended for scrap metal, usable parts and assemblies must be removed, which are used as spare parts for the repair and restoration of machines.

The right to determine the unfitness of weapons and property is granted only to representatives of the relevant services, who draw up a report on its unfitness for each object.

INVOLVING THE LOCAL POPULATION IN THE COLLECTION OF TROPHY AND DOMESTIC WEAPONS AND PROPERTY

The local population can provide great and valuable assistance in collecting captured and domestic weapons and property from the battlefields.

In rural areas, the population who watched the Germans retreat often knows where the enemy abandoned or hid weapons and property that he was unable to remove. Children aged 10-13 are especially well aware of this; With the observation characteristic of Soviet children, they notice where the enemy left or hid, and can often provide extremely valuable information.

Village councils and district executive committees must organize the collection by the population of small weapons and property located in the fields and forests. It is necessary to carry out appropriate work among the population, explaining the importance of collecting captured property for the needs of the Red Army.

Local residents who are actively involved in the collection of captured and domestic weapons and property receive a monetary reward. For example, for collecting our steel helmets, the person who returns the helmet is paid.

and for each helmet over 100 pieces, 6 rubles. per piece. For German helmets, the reward is reduced by 25%.

With the rapid advance of our troops, when it is not possible to simultaneously organize the removal of trophies to the army trophy warehouse, it is possible, as an exception, to involve the local population to guard the collected trophies. In this case, the collected captured weapons and property are handed over to the chairman of the village council or collective farm against a receipt with the issuance of a safe conduct letter:

The spine of the safe conduct remains with the person who issued it. The Department of Captured Weapons of the Army is notified of the issuance of a safe-conduct certificate, with a copy of the safe-conduct and inventory attached,

When captured army bodies receive weapons and property left in the custody of local authorities, the latter is issued a corresponding receipt.

Appendix 2.

“I approve”

Deputy People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR

General of the Army BULGANIN

REGULATIONS ON TROPHY BODIES, UNITS AND INSTITUTIONS OF THE RED ARMY

I. General provisions

1. Trophy bodies, units and institutions of the Red Army provide:

a) identification, accounting and dismantling by decision of the Government of enterprises, loading, transportation with security along the way of equipment, materials, finished products captured by our troops in cities, towns and industrial centers on enemy territory;

b) transfer, by decisions of the military councils of the fronts, armies, of food, fodder, fuel and commissary property to the content of the services of the fronts (armies);

c) collection, accounting, protection and transfer to the provisioning services in the fronts and armies of captured weapons, ammunition, military equipment and military-technical property;

d) collection of scrap metal in the front-line zone and shipment to factories and industrial enterprises;

e) accounting of captured property and weapons collected, exported and transferred to the provision services of the Red Army and the People's Commissariats. 2. Trophy bodies in the Red Army are:

A) in the center - the Main Trophy Directorate of the Red Army;

B) at the front - captured control;

B) in the army - trophy department;

D) in military formations of the active army - captured sections of the corps and divisions;

D) assistant commandants of cities and towns on economic issues.

3. The captured units of the Red Army include:

Front-line captured brigades;

Army captured battalions;

Work battalions;

Separate dismantling battalions;

Evacuation trains;

Automobile shelves;

Motor battalions;

Army bases;

Transshipment bases;

Army captured companies;

Evacuation motors;

Evacuation and lifting platoons;

Dismantling platoons;

Army trophy warehouses;

Cutting bases.

4. The collection, accounting and transfer of captured and abandoned domestic weapons and military equipment on the battlefield in the military rear is carried out by captured teams created by the commanders of military formations and units of all branches of the military, in accordance with GOKO Resolution No. 4329 of October 15, 1943.

II. Main Trophy Directorate of the Red Army

The Main Trophy Directorate of the Red Army is entrusted with:

1. Organization of dismantling of captured enterprises, loading and security of exported captured equipment, materials and finished products along the way.

2. In accordance with Government decisions, drawing up plans for the dismantling, removal and delivery of equipment from captured industrial enterprises and national economic property.

3. Management of accounting and collection of captured weapons and military equipment.

4. Accounting for captured national economic property, weapons, ammunition, military equipment and other military property collected and transferred to the Red Army's provision services and people's commissariats.

5. Organization of collection and removal of scrap metal from the front line.

6. Management of captured units and institutions and their logistics.

7. Development of issues regarding the formation of captured units and institutions.

8. Publication of manuals, work instructions and programs for combat and special training of captured service units and institutions.

9. Management of combat and special training of subordinate units and formations.

10. Drawing up estimates, production and financial plans and making cash payments.

11. Head of the Main Trophy Directorate of the Red Army in terms of the duties assigned to him:

a) issues orders and instructions to captured units and formations;

b) issues orders for the personnel of captured units, formations and institutions on appointment and transfer to positions.

12. Directly subordinate to the head of the Main Trophy Department are:

a) captured front departments;

b) front-line captured brigades;

c) captured, dismantling and working battalions;

d) evacuation trains and evacuation shorts;

e) transshipment bases; e) cutting bases.

III. Trophy Department of the Front and Trophy Department of the Army

The captured departments of the fronts and the captured departments of the armies are entrusted with:

1. Dismantling of captured enterprises and shipment of equipment, materials and finished products to the rear of the country in accordance with decisions of the Government of the USSR.

2. Ensuring transportation and security during the journey of captured equipment, materials and finished products.

3. Accounting and collection of captured weapons, ammunition and military equipment.

4. Transfer of weapons, ammunition, military equipment, food, fodder, and fuel to sufficient services.

5. Involvement of local labor and horse-drawn vehicles for the collection and removal of trophies.

6. Accounting for all captured national economic property, weapons, ammunition, military equipment and other military property collected and transferred to the provision services and people's commissariats.

7. Issuance of orders for the transfer and transportation of national economic property, weapons, ammunition, military equipment and other military equipment according to decisions taken,

8. Management of the work of captured units and institutions, as well as checking all reports on the scope of their activities.

9. Collection of metal scrap and shipment to factories and industrial enterprises.

10. Management of combat and special training, manning and provision of horse-drawn transport, special lifting and rigging equipment and other service equipment to captured units and institutions.

11. Management and control over the operation and repair of the automotive and tractor fleet of captured parts.

12. Management of ensuring explosion safety at work and during transportation of trophies.

13. The following are subordinate to the head of the trophy department of the front: trophy departments of armies and trophy units of the front.

14. The head of the captured army department is subordinate to captured army units, captured departments of corps and divisions and assistant commandants of cities and towns on economic issues. osam.

15. The heads of captured departments of fronts and army departments issue orders to subordinate units.

IV. Trophy squad of corps and division

The captured department of the corps (division) is entrusted with:

1. Management of corps, divisional and regimental non-standard trophy teams for the collection, protection, accounting of captured and domestic weapons, ammunition and military property.

2. Transfer to the heads of services of regiments and divisions of service weapons and other military equipment collected in the military rear for restoration of losses, and surpluses to army trophy warehouses and collection points.

3. Maintaining a trophy map (scheme).

4. Ensuring explosion safety during the collection and transportation of weapons, ammunition and other military equipment.

V. Assistant commandants of cities and towns on economic issues

Assistant commandants of cities and towns on economic issues are guided in their work by the Regulations on assistant commandants on economic issues, announced by order of the NPO dated January 19, 1945 No. 04*.

Chief of Logistics of the Red Army

General of the Army A. KHRULEV,