This material will help parents, teachers and educators introduce children to watches, teach their child to tell time using a watch, learn the history of watches and learn other interesting details about watches.
What is time?
Time cannot be seen, heard, touched. And yet it is there. After all, all events in the world around us occur in time!
Time is always in motion. It doesn't stop for a single moment! Moreover, time always “flows” in only one direction - from the past to the future. Time cannot be turned back, delayed or stopped.
The ancient Greeks believed that an invisible river flowed next to people, which forever carried away days, weeks, months and years. They called this river Lethe - the river of time.
Let's think a little about time.
Have you ever felt like time flies on wings? An hour has passed, two, three, but it seems to you that an instant has flashed by! When does this happen?
When you are busy with an interesting game or exciting activity. No wonder they say: “Happy people don’t watch the clock.”
But it also happens that it seems to you that time is crawling slowly, like a snail. If you have to wait for someone or have nothing to do, time seems to slow down. “The day until the evening is boring if there is nothing to do,” people remarked.
There are many proverbs and sayings about time. Among them are the following: “Time is more valuable than gold”, “No amount of money can buy time.” Why do they say this? - Yes, because a person’s life is limited in time, and precious time needs to be used for interesting and good deeds.
Do you know what time is? It is invisible and meaningless. Time is unstoppable. It flies on wings forward and forward.
Read the story about a boy and time - fairy tale "Time and the Baby".
Time and baby
A Tale of Time
One day, time flew into a park where there were full of flowers, tall rose bushes growing and a gentle scent of jasmine. Time sat down on a bench and decided to rest a little. Children ran around along the paths, rode bicycles and scooters, played hopscotch, and girls jumped over a rope. One boy sculpted a tall palace out of sand and decorated it with pebbles.
Time turned its attention to the baby. He has such clear big blue eyes, chubby arms and legs, curly hair - a real person!
Time involuntarily thought. But this baby will soon grow up and become an awkward teenager. Then he will become prettier, stronger and turn into a beautiful young man. A lot of girls will start pining for him. But he will choose the most charming and sweetest one. They will get married and have children. And when the children grow up, they will have children of their own, and our angel-like baby will turn into a grandfather. His face will be cut into deep wrinkles, he will become hard of hearing, and will lose his hair and teeth.
“No, I don’t want this wonderful boy to become an old man!” thought Time. “Yesterday I flew into the palace of my beloved queen. She was getting ready for a ball. I remember her when she was very young, and now, because of me, she has turned into an old woman."
The chambermaid adorned her hair with a golden crown, the queen’s dress shone and shimmered with diamonds, and expensive diamonds also played on her hair and ears. Even the buckles on the shoes were diamonds.
The Queen took the mirror, looked into it and threw it away from her.
Time! Ruthless time has turned me from a young beauty into a disgusting old woman. Even wonderful stones are no longer able to decorate me! I hate time! No one can stop him!
Time, very sad, flew out of the palace unnoticed. Tears glistened in his eyes; he felt sorry for the old queen.
Time shook his head to drive away the unpleasant memory.
- Really, I can’t make sure that the adorable baby in the park doesn’t become an old man?
Perhaps I’ll fly to the wizard who lives in a crystal castle on a high, high mountain, and ask him for advice.
Time did just that.
The old wizard received him kindly, listened to the story and took out a bottle of clear liquid from a dark oak cabinet.
- Here, take it! Tomorrow go to the park and spray exactly three clear drops on your baby. See what happens!
Time thanked the wizard and in the morning he found himself in the park again. The sun was shining and children were playing on the playground.
Time splashed exactly three drops of enchanted liquid onto the baby. They hit him on the head.
Ay! It's raining! - exclaimed the child.
“It’s not raining, it just seemed like it to you,” his friend remarked, and they continued to play.
Meanwhile, time passed, sometimes it flew into the park and noticed that the children around the baby had stretched out and grown over the summer, but he still remained the same.
A year has passed. One spring day, Time flew into the park. His favorite was still playing with a shovel and molds in the sand, and other children were already racing with all their might on roller skates and bicycles, playing ball.
They were growing up, and many of them were already going to school in the fall. Several more years passed. The baby’s friends had grown up long ago, and he was already playing with other little ones, still blue-eyed and curly-haired. Time sat down on the bench again and thought deeply: “What awaits my pet? Will he remain a baby forever? He won’t go to school, he won’t meet a beautiful bride, he won’t have any children or grandchildren.
How many interesting things will pass him by!
No! Let his life go the same way as other people. This is her great wisdom!
Time again took out a vessel with a magical liquid and splashed three golden drops on the baby’s face. The next morning the boy jumped out of bed and did not recognize himself: his pajamas were too small for him, and his feet did not fit into his slippers.
- Mommy! Look quickly what happened to me! I've grown up!
Yes, son, thank God! You grew up exactly overnight! I'll go and buy you new clothes. I think you'll be going to school soon.
T. A. Shorygina "Conversations about space and time." Methodical manual
Before explaining to your child how to tell time using a clock, you need to explain to him:
What is a day?
What is clockwise and counterclockwise?
History of watches or what types of watches are there?
What is a day?
Talk to your child about the day.
Do you know what makes up a day?
From night and day. No wonder they say: “Day and night - a day away.” There are 24 hours in a day. During this time, planet Earth makes one full revolution around its axis.
Do you know what a globe is and what it looks like?
This is a model of the globe. The globe can rotate around an axis passing through its center, just as the Earth rotates around its invisible axis.
On that part of our planet that is not illuminated by the sun's rays, night reigns, and on the illuminated part of the Earth, bright day shines. The earth rotates continuously, so day and night follow each other.
Several centuries ago, people's lives proceeded at a more measured and slower pace. After all, there were no cars, no airplanes, no electric trains, no telephone communications, no radio, no television. People traveled from city to city on horseback for several days, weeks or months, depending on the distance.
People did not need special accuracy when determining time in everyday life. Therefore, the time of day was determined approximately - morning, afternoon, evening, night.
The peasants knew the time by the ringing of church bells or by the position of the sun.
Important tasks usually began in the morning. No wonder the proverb says: “The morning is wiser than the evening.”
Listen to the poem "What is a day?"
Remember, son, remember, daughter,
A day is day and night.
The day is bright and the sun is shining,
Children playing in the yard:
They take off on a swing,
They're circling on carousels.
The sky turned pink -
The sun is setting
The gloom of the garden fell on the shoulders -
So it's evening.
Following the first star
The month will be young.
The sun has set behind the river,
Night has come, everything has become dark.
And in beds until the morning
The child falls asleep.
Remember, son, remember, daughter,
A day is day and night.
Is it possible to divide the day into four parts?
Of course you can! Let's talk about the four parts of the day: morning, afternoon, evening and night.
In the morning the sun rises, the sky becomes bright, the clouds turn pink, birds wake up and chirp, the corollas of flowers open.
To visualize this picture, listen to the poem “Morning Rays”,
The first ray fell on the bird,
For a small titmouse.
She woke up: “Shadow-shadow-shadow,
Oh, what a wonderful day!"
The second beam fell on the bunny,
He suddenly raised his eyebrows,
He galloped onto the lawn
Behind the dewy grass.
The third ray of dawn, playing,
Woke up the chickens and geese.
He penetrated through the crack of the barn -
It immediately became brighter!
On the perch, above
The cockerel woke up.
HE sang: "Ku-ka-re-ku"
He picked up the scarlet comb.
The fourth ray raised the bees.
He told them: “The flower has bloomed!”
The fifth ray penetrated me,
Lighted up my bed
Ran up the wall
And he whispered: “It’s time to get up.”
Let's remember what we do in the morning?
We wake up, wash and brush our teeth, do exercises, and have breakfast.
After breakfast, adults rush to work, older children rush to school, and kids go to kindergarten or play at home, and then go for a walk.
The sun rises higher, shines brighter, the day begins
The day is filled with study and work. In the middle of the day everyone sits down to have lunch. After lunch, the kids rest, and then go for a walk, play or study again.
Gradually the sun sinks lower and lower, and everything around is softly enveloped in a silvery-gray twilight. Evening is coming. The moon appears in the sky and the stars light up.
What do we do in the evenings?
We get together with the whole family for dinner and evening tea, share news, talk about what happened during the day. Someone is reading a book or watching TV. In a word, in the evening everyone relaxes after a hard day, and then goes to bed.
Evening is replaced by night - the time of day intended for sleep.
Listen to a lullaby.
The stars have become clearer
Go to sleep, son, quickly.
Maybe you'll dream
Bright feather of the firebird
Or a scarlet flower.
Go to sleep quickly, son!
The moon is shining in the dark sky,
Like a seven-flowered flower.
The star choir sings: "Bye-bye!"
Sleep, son, sleep!
In winter, the nights are long and the days are short. In summer, on the contrary, there are fewer dark hours at night than light hours during the day. And only on the days of the equinox - September 23 and March 21 - days and nights are equal.
Listen to the poem "There is as much light as there is darkness!"
The red maiden is coming
It's not water he carries in buckets.
She smiles herself:
There is light and darkness in her buckets.
We looked into the buckets:
So much light, so much darkness!
Questions and tasks:
1. How many hours are there in a day?
2. What two parts can a day be divided into?
3. What four parts can a day be divided into?
4. What time of day is the lightest?
5. What time of day is the darkest?
6. Tell us about morning, afternoon, evening, night.
7. What is an equinox?
What are hour hands
CLOCKWISE AND COUNTERCLOCKWISE
Ask your child if he has seen a clock: a wall clock or a floor clock, a wrist clock or an alarm clock. Show your child a beautiful watch and look at it carefully. But first ask, why do we need a watch?
A clock is a device for measuring time. We look at the clock when we want to know what time it is.
The circle in the center of the watch is called the dial. There are numbers on it. The clock has two hands. One is short, thicker, moving slowly. When she makes one circle around the dial, exactly one hour has passed. This hand is called the hour hand.
Recite the poem "Hour Hand".
Hour hand
Hour after hour goes by,
Without haste, without falling behind,
And he takes us with him.
In what direction does the hour hand move?
Take a closer look at its movement on the clock, look at the drawing. Movement in the indicated direction is called clockwise movement.
The clock has one more hand. It is longer, thinner than a sentry and moves 60 times faster. While the hour hand travels one full circle around the dial, the minute hand runs 60 circles. After all, there are exactly 60 minutes in one hour!
Write a poem about the minute hand.
Minute hand -
You are the sentry sister.
Minute hand -
You are long and fast!
Counting down the minutes -
This is no joke!
Look at the clock! In what direction does the minute hand move?
Same as the sentry. The movement of the minute hand coincides with the direction of movement of the hour hand.
Play some slow music. Hold hands, walk slowly in a clockwise circle and recite in unison.
Following the hour hand,
Slowly, let's go with you.
Tick-tock, tick-tock -
We are going step by step!
Tick-tock, tick-tock
Step-step, another step!
The music sounds faster.
Now, speed up your pace and run after the minute hand. Run in a circle and say:
Behind the minute hand
We're running fast
We're in a hurry
We're in a hurry!
Minute hand
We want to catch up.
Just a minute, just a minute,
Just a minute again!
Now, together wave your right hand clockwise and say:
Let's wave together
Right hand
We are in the clockwise direction!
What movement is called counterclockwise movement? This is a movement in the opposite direction. Look at the picture.
Hold your hands again and slowly walk counterclockwise, speaking.
Counterclockwise
We are starting to move
Now you and I know
This is the direction!
Now take the multi-colored flags in your left hand and wave them counterclockwise.
Read the poem "Ballerina".
Spinning and spinning
A ballerina on stage.
Lace skirt,
Silk cape.
How she flutters -
Airy and light!
Sometimes it reminds me
Big moth.
Ballerina spins
To the tune of a living
Ballerina spins
Clockwise!
You noticed and understood that the direction of movement clockwise is movement to the right, and counterclockwise is movement to the left.
Tell a story "How the mouse Khitrushka taught the little mice time"
How the mouse Khitrushka taught the little mice time
A Tale of Time
Once upon a time there lived a girl, Tanya. Very big, smart, knows everything,
But she doesn’t know how to tell the time by looking at the clock. But soon she will become a schoolgirl.
How so? Tanya remembers that at exactly three o'clock in the afternoon her beloved
the cartoon will be shown. Yes, not just a cartoon, but a long, very interesting animated series. One episode every day.
After lunch, Tanya begins to pester her grandmother:
- Grandma, tell me, what time is it?
The grandmother will put on her glasses, look at the walkers hanging] on the wall in the kitchen, and answer her granddaughter:
- It's quarter past three.
- In how many minutes will it be three o’clock? - Tanya interrogates.
“In forty-five minutes,” the grandmother answers.
“Grandma, dear little one,” she sucks up in a gentle voice.
to Grandma Tanya, - please turn on the TV for me at five minutes to three. I'm afraid to miss the cartoon about the talkative crow - a mischievous old woman.
- OK! “I’ll turn it on if I don’t forget,” the grandmother agrees.
- And I’ll remind you, so you won’t forget! - Tanya answers joyfully.
- Eh, Tanya, Tanya! - the grandmother remarks reproachfully. “You’re a big girl, but you don’t know how to tell time by the clock.” This is not the point!
I'll ask your dad to work with you this weekend and teach you about watches.
- Fine! - Tanya was delighted. - I myself want to learn how to tell the clock. Then I won’t pester anyone. I’ll look at my watch myself and find out what time it is.
- Well done! “I’m sure you’ll succeed, because you learned the numbers a long time ago,” the grandmother praised her granddaughter.
By the way, in Tanya’s apartment there is a clock in every room. And they are different everywhere. In the kitchen hang antique clocks with a pendulum and a cuckoo. The wooden cuckoo lives in a cozy house. Every half hour she looks out of the window and crows loudly and cheerfully: “Pucko-coo,” reminding us that half an hour has passed. Dad has a massive bronze clock on his desk in his office. Dad brought them from Spain when he went to this country on a business trip. They do not have a loud, melodic fight. Grandpa has a small and plastic alarm clock, Grandpa always starts it when he needs to get up early and go fishing with friends.
There is also a clock in the bedroom; it is white and pink, porcelain, decorated with angels, and is placed on the table by the bed. There is a clock in the children's room, with different animals drawn on it. What's the point of having a lot of clocks in the house! Tanyusha still doesn’t know how to tell the time using them.
But on Sunday, when dad had a day off, he called his daughter:
- Tanya, we will study the clock with you. Bring your own pencils and markers.
- Fine! - the girl agreed.
Meanwhile, dad laid out a large sheet of cardboard on the desk and brought an ordinary glass from the kitchen. I also took out scissors and a ruler from my desk drawer!
- Did you bring pencils and markers? - he asked Tanya. - I brought it! - she answered.
- Well, that’s great! - Dad praised Tanya. He took the glass, put it upside down and very carefully traced it with a simple pencil. - You see, we have an even circle - this is a dial. Try to draw the same circle yourself.
Tanya tried it and it worked. And I must tell you that the mouse Khitrushka, who usually hid in a hole, stuck out her black curious nose, then crawled out from under the carpet and began to watch dad and daughter. You may be surprised and ask why she needed this?
The fact is that Khitrushka has long dreamed of teaching her kids to tell time using a clock. It's very convenient! For example, my grandmother always goes to bed to rest after dinner at the same time. You can look out of the hole and find out what time it is. So now there is no one in the kitchen! And in the buffet there are a lot of delicious things: cookies, crackers, crackers. Under the table you can find a lump of sugar and even sausages. Grandma rests for two whole hours. This means that by looking at the clock, you can find out when it’s time to hide in a hole.
“So,” dad began his lecture. - Come on, Tanyusha, let's take scissors and carefully cut out both dial circles. First me, and now you.
When the circles were cut out, dad used a ruler and pencil to divide them into exactly four parts. He drew horizontal and vertical lines. I wrote the number 12 at the very top of the vertical line with a black felt-tip pen, and the number 6 at the very bottom.
On the left on the horizontal line he wrote the number 9, and on the right 3.
Tanya did everything exactly like dad. ’
Then dad placed all the other numbers at the same distance from each other.
This is what happened between dad and daughter.
Khitrushka watched them carefully and tried to remember everything better.
Then dad drew two arrows. One is short and thick, the other is long and thin. And he cut them out.
- The short hand is the hour hand. It shows the hours, and the long one shows the minutes. With its help we find out the minutes.
Tanya also made two arrows and painted them blue. Tanyusha's dial numbers and hands were dark blue, while dad's were black.
Finally, dad took a needle and attached the hands to the very center of the dial - Tanya did not lag behind dad.
“We have almost a finished model of the clock,” dad noted in a satisfied voice.
He taught his daughter how to mark the minutes and explained that while the short hour hand moves slowly, one hour passes, the fast minute hand manages to run around the dial 60 times, because there are exactly 60 minutes in one hour.
“Aha!” Kitrushka realized. “I didn’t even know that there are exactly 60 minutes in one hour. You have to remember that.”
Then dad explained to his daughter how to tell time:
- Just imagine that the short hand is exactly at the number 9, and the long hand is at 12. That means the clock shows 9 o’clock. Now put the short hand on number 4, and the long hand on number 12. What time does the clock show?
“Four o’clock,” the girl answered briskly.
- Good girl! - Dad praised her. “Well, I think that’s enough for today,” he remarked. - Tomorrow we will continue our lessons with clocks.
Grandma called everyone into the kitchen for dinner.
When dad and Tanya left the room, Khitrushka pulled off the sheet of paper from the table on which the girl had practiced setting the clock, and dragged it into the hole. She called the little mice: Rezvushka, Brave, Baby, Smyslenishka and began to explain to them everything that she remembered. The smart little mouse children soon understood everything.
The next day, dad continued his lessons with the girl, and soon she answered his questions smartly and correctly.
And Khitrushka also listened attentively to her father’s lessons, so that she could later teach time to her mouse children.
- Hooray! - Tanya shouted joyfully at the end of the lesson. - Now I know what time it is. It's now ten minutes past eight! Right, daddy?
- Right! Well done! - Dad praised his daughter.
“Now I won’t pester my mother, you, or my grandparents anymore.” I won’t bother them with the question: “What time is it?” I’ll look at my watch myself and find out what time it is.
By the way, the smart Khitrushka taught the little mice to tell the time by the clock.
The mouse will look out of the hole, look at the walkers and immediately know when grandma leaves the kitchen to rest, and Tanya watches her favorite cartoon.
Listen to the poem.
Time by hour
I'm already big, I'm on my own
I find out the time by the clock.
I'll look at the dial
And I'll go to kindergarten.
I won’t ask my grandfather,
How long will we have to wait for lunch?
I can teach you too
Find out what time it is!
Questions and tasks:
1. Draw a circle. Use an arrow to indicate clockwise movement. Color the arrow with a red felt-tip pen, and the circle with yellow.
2. Draw a circle. Use an arrow to indicate counterclockwise movement. Color the arrow with a blue felt-tip pen, and the circle with red.
3. Color the seven-flowered flower. The first petal is red and then clockwise: orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet.
T. A. Shorygina "Conversations about space and time." Methodical manual.
History of watches or what types of watches are there?
History of watches for children
Let's talk about the types of watches.
Tell me, what is the name of the device that keeps track of time within a day?- This device is called a clock.
The most ancient clocks that people used to approximately know the time were solar clocks. The dial of such a watch was placed in an open place, brightly illuminated by the sun, and the clock hand served as a rod that cast a shadow on the dial.
The hourglass also came to us from ancient times. Maybe some of you have seen them? After all, hourglasses are still used in medicine, when you need to measure a small but very specific period of time.
An hourglass consists of two small cone-shaped vessels connected at the tops to each other, with a narrow hole at the junction of the vessels. The upper vessel contains sand, which seeps in a thin stream through the hole into the lower vessel. When all the sand from the upper vessel is in the lower one, a certain time passes, for example, one minute.
Now let's talk about modern watches. Each of us has a clock in our house. Maybe not alone. This is a home clock.
Try to talk about them. Where are they located? What is their shape?
Watches can be wristwatches. They are put on the hand using a bracelet or strap.
Fashionistas love a beautiful watch in the form of a pendant or ring. A pendant on a chain is worn around the neck, and a ring on the finger.
Some men prefer chunky pocket watches. They are attached with a chain to a belt and carried in a trouser pocket.
You probably have an alarm clock at home.
Why do we need such a watch? - The alarm clock can be set for a certain hour, and with its bell or melody it will wake us up at the right time.
A clock that is usually placed on a desk is called a table clock, a clock hanging on the wall is called a wall clock.
Where do you think the grandfather clock is located? - Such a clock is on the floor. They are tall, massive, with heavy weights attached to chains, and with a melodic beat. Mantel clocks decorate indoor fireplaces.
Listen to the poem "The striking clock."
Once upon a time there lived an old lady
(I've been retired for a long time)
And they were at the old lady's
Carved striking clock.
"Ding-dong, ding-dong!" -
They chimed every hour
The house was filled with noise
And they woke us up at night.
We, of course, were not silent,
We knocked on the old lady's door:
"Spare our ears,
Stop the clock chiming!"
But the old lady answered us
She answered: “No and no!
The clock speaks to me
I love their gentle fight.
Ding dong! Ding dong!
How beautiful is their chime!
At least he's a little sad
But transparent and crystal!
Days and weeks passed.
But the clock suddenly wheezed,
The arrows trembled and stood up,
And the clock stopped striking.
It became quiet. Even creepy!
We have long been accustomed to battle,
(But this is not a joke!)
There was something alive in him!
We, of course, did not remain silent,
There was a knock on the old lady's door:
"Why can't you hear the fight?
We need a master watchman!"
The watchmaker has arrived -
Wise, experienced old man,
And he said: “That’s it!
Here the spring has weakened,
The mechanism will receive lubrication,
And the watch - love and affection!"
He changed the spring.
And the bell rang again,
Silver chime:
"Ding-dong! Ding-dong!"
Revived the whole house!
What kind of watch “can cuckoo”?- Cuckoo clock! A “cuckoo” is hiding in a clock made in the shape of a patterned wooden hut. Every hour the door of the house opens and the cuckoo appears on its threshold. She sings loudly: “Ku-ku, kuk-ku,” reminding us of what time it is.
Listen to the poem "The Cuckoo Clock".
Lives in a carved hut
Merry cuckoo.
She crows every hour
And early in the morning he wakes us up:
"Kuk-ku! Kuk-ku!"
It's seven in the morning!
Cuckoo! Cuckoo!
It's time to get up!"
The cuckoo does not live in the forests,
And in our old watch!
There are also clocks on city streets and squares. They are installed on towers, station buildings, theaters and cinemas.
The most famous clock in Russia is the Kremlin chimes, installed on the Spasskaya Tower of the Moscow Kremlin.
The first clock on the Spasskaya Tower appeared at the beginning of the 17th century. They were created by the English master Christopher Galovey. For his work, he received a royal gift - a silver cup and, in addition to it, satin, sable and marten fur.
After some time, Russian Tsar Peter I ordered another watch from Holland. At first they were transported by ship by sea, then delivered on 30 carts to the Kremlin.
Master Galovey's old watch was removed and replaced with a Dutch watch. When this clock also became dilapidated, another large chiming clock was installed in its place, which was kept in the Armory Chamber.
For several centuries, the Kremlin's Spasskaya Tower has been decorated with clocks. A whole team of experienced watchmakers maintains their work, making sure that the watches do not lag behind and are not in a hurry. There are 117 stone steps leading to the chimes. Behind them begin the cast-iron steps of a spiral staircase leading to the eighth floor. The chiming mechanism is located here.
“The iron colossus is all shiny, oiled. The polished copper discs of the dials shine, the levers are painted red, the gilded pendulum disc, similar to the circle of the sun, shines. It reigns over this system of shafts, cables, gears, forming a complex mechanism for keeping time” (L . Kolodny).
On December 31, with the first strike of the Kremlin chimes, the country enters the New Year. Having heard the chime of the famous clock, we wish each other happiness and congratulate each other on the New Year!
The watches that modern people use are mechanical. Then they need to be started at certain intervals.
Mechanical watches were invented in the 17th century. scientist Christian Huygens, since then they have served us faithfully.
In the second decade of the 20th century. Electronic and quartz watches appeared. They run on batteries or mains power.
And the most accurate clocks are atomic ones.
Do you know what watches are called natural or living?
In the old days, such a living clock in the village was, of course, Petya the Cockerel. The peasants noticed that the rooster crowed for the first time at about two o'clock in the morning, and the second time at about four o'clock in the morning.
Listen to the poem "Cockerel" about this.
Crow-crow!
The cockerel crows loudly.
The sun shone on the river,
A cloud is floating in the sky.
Wake up, animals, birds!
Get to work.
The dew sparkles on the grass,
The July night has passed.
Like a real alarm clock
The cockerel woke us up.
He fluffed his shiny tail
And straightened the comb.
Have you heard of flower clock?
In the morning, in a sunny meadow where dandelions grow, you can find out the time without a wristwatch. Dandelions open up at five o'clock in the morning, and by two or three o'clock in the afternoon they extinguish their golden lanterns.
Listen to a poem about dandelions.
There is a green meadow by the river,
Dandelions around
They washed themselves with dew,
They opened their doors together.
Like the lanterns are burning,
They tell you and me:
"It's exactly five o'clock,
You can still sleep!"
Dandelions are meadow clocks... But water lilies are river clocks. No wonder they are called “tourists’ watches.” At seven o'clock in the morning they open their snow-white petals to the sun's rays and turn to follow the sun throughout the day.
Questions and tasks:
1. What is a clock?
2. What antique watches do you know?
3. What types of watches are you familiar with?
4. What types of clocks are considered household clocks?
5. What watches are considered street watches? How are they different from home ones?
6. Tell us about the Kremlin chimes.
7. What “natural” clocks do you know?
T. A. Shorygina "Conversations about space and time." Methodical manual.
What items do you use in the morning, afternoon, evening, night?
Color the circles around them (if in the morning - yellow, in the afternoon - red, in the evening - green, and at night - blue)
What time of day comes after night? And what follows in the morning?
What time of day do we have breakfast, lunch, dinner?
What do you drink in the morning: tea, milk, cocoa? When does your mom or dad come home from work?
Which time of day do you think passes very quickly, and which time seems long: morning, afternoon, evening or night?
Say the opposite: morning-..; day -..; East -..; north -...
Find the extra word: Sun, star, Moon, rain, Venus, comet.
We say: hello, hello,... (continue), goodbye, see you soon... (continue)
The parent sets an alarm clock in front of the child and draws the child’s attention to the following: there are two arrows on the dial. The small hand shows the hours, the big hand always shows the minutes.
Some dials also have a third hand. It's called a second and stands for seconds. 60 seconds is 1 minute.
Questions and tasks:
1. What does an hour consist of? (of minutes).
2. How many minutes are there in an hour? (60).
3. How many seconds are there in a minute? (also 60).
4. Tell us about the hands of the clock.
5. Say: “Ra-a-az” - one second has passed. And if you slowly count to 60 (“ra-a-az,” “two-a-a,” etc.), then about one minute will pass. What can you do in one minute? Ask your mom to time it and try to write as many sticks or circles as possible in one minute. Do the math.
6. The clock face usually has large numbers indicating the hours: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12.
7. Count how many minutes fit between any two large numbers. That's right, 5.
8. Each segment is one minute. When the big arrow moves from one big number to another, it means 5 minutes have passed.
9. How many minutes are there in half an hour?
10. How many minutes are there in a quarter of an hour?
11. Find the extra word: minute, hour, second, time, half an hour.
12. Why do they say: “Time is more valuable than gold”?
Once you have clarified what an hour, a minute and a second are, move on to the following concepts of time: week, month and year.
Materials used in the article:
1. T. A. Shorygina “Conversations about space and time.” Methodical manual
2. G. P. Shalaeva “Measures of time, length, mass, value.” Little genius
The article itself in the forum is about early childhood development.
Girls, I started studying this material with my son, and I want to say that the progress is excellent! Then I’ll add material about week, month and year.
So what are they, when were they invented, how long do they measure time and where are they used in our time? I will try to answer all these questions in this article. And so first things first.
Hourglass This is an invention that allows you to count time. It consists of two flasks connected to each other. Inside they have sand, which, pouring from one flask to another, counts down a certain period of time, which depends on the size of the watch itself.
Hourglasses began to be used around the 14th century. This is evidenced by a message dated 1339, which was found in Paris. It contains instructions on how to prepare sand for watches.
Sand The accuracy of such watches depended on several factors. One of them is sand. It was made from sifted black marble powder, then boiled in wine and dried in the sun. Also from burnt fine-grained sand, which was sown through fine sieves and dried. This sand had a reddish tint. Other sand was made by carefully grinding eggshells, thereby giving it a light white color. The use of sand from zinc and lead dust was different in that it abraded the inner walls of the flask less; such sand had a gray tint.
Flasks watches were made of glass; by that time people had already learned to work with it. The two flasks were connected to each other with a thread and filled with resin in order to give hardness to the joint and prevent moisture from penetrating inside, which would impair the accuracy of the watch. Later, solid flasks began to be made.
Dignity hourglasses were considered easy to use, reliable, and inexpensive. Therefore, they were accessible to many people of that time. They were widely used in shipping to measure speed and watch duration, as well as in medicine.
Flaws Of course there were too. One of the main ones is the short period of time that they could count (mostly 30 minutes or 1 hour). To count more time, it was necessary to make a truly large clock. Also, over time, the sand particles became smaller and the flasks were worn out from the inside, which had a bad effect on accuracy.
Some inventors tried to increase the amount of time by automatically overturning the clock and building several flasks into one clock. The first flask was emptied within 15 minutes, the second within 30 minutes, the third 45, the fourth within 1 hour. On top they had a dial with an arrow; when the sand from the last flask was poured down, they turned over and the arrow moved an hour forward.
Currently, they are used mainly for interior decoration and as souvenirs. Also in some cases during court hearings and in medicine, during medical procedures.
Monument, dedicated to this invention stands in Budapest (Hungary). They are 8 meters high, and the sand is completely poured into their lower part in 1 year. Japan also has big clocks. they are kept in the sand museum of the city of Nîmes.
That's probably all. If you have anything to add or disagree with something, write in the comments.
Elena Krylova
Summary of the lesson-presentation “The History of Clocks” (for children of the middle group)
History of watches
As the clock ticks, the teacher reads riddles.
Two girls, two friends
They walk together, one after another
Only the one that is more authentic
Walks a little faster
And the other one, in short,
It's like he doesn't want to move
So they go round and round
Two girls, two friends
And meeting every time
They say what time it is. (hands on the clock)
He's been walking all his life.
Not a person. (Watch)
They knock, they knock -
They don't tell you to be bored.
They're going, they're going,
And everything is right here. (watch)
Walking around
One after another. (arrows)
It is impossible to imagine modern life without a watch. In the morning they wake us up for work, in the evening we set the alarm clock so as not to oversleep, and every New Year we greet the chimes.
A technological miracle, watches or not, it took mankind seven thousand years to create them. Over these millennia, a huge variety of different devices for measuring time have been invented.
Slides 4-5. The very first clock on earth is the sun. Their structure was simple: a pole was installed in the center of the circle, and the circle was divided into sectors. The time was determined by the shadow of the pole. Such clocks were installed in the city center in squares.
But such watches had a number of disadvantages. What do you think? (children's answers)
The sundial had one significant drawback: it could only “walk” outside, and even then on the sunlit side. In addition, it was impossible to take them with you or put them in your pocket.
That's why the water clock was invented (slide 6). Water flowed drop by drop from one vessel to another, and how much time had passed was determined by how much water flowed out. Such watches have served people for a long time. In China, for example, they were used 4.5 thousand years ago.
Water clocks were usually public. Fire clocks were used in houses, mainly candle clocks (slide 7-8). Marks were placed on the candle, and thus time was measured by the burning of the candle. Painted marks could replace carnations. Falling onto an iron tray, they ringingly announced the passage of time.
Unlike water and fire, the hourglass was used mainly as a timer (sdid 9). The first hourglass appeared around the 11th century AD and became widespread. Inexpensive and compact, they were used by scientists, cooks, priests, sailors and artisans.
(slide 10).At the end of the 16th century a new discovery was made. The young scientist Galileo Galilei, observing the movement of a variety of lamps in the Pisa Cathedral during worship, established that neither the weight nor the shape of the lamps, but only the length of the chains on which they are suspended, determines the periods of their oscillations from the wind rushing through the windows. He came up with the idea of creating a clock with a pendulum (slide 11).
Physical education minute (slide 12).
Tick-tock, tick-tock-
All clocks go like this:
(Tilt your head to one or the other shoulder)
Look quickly what time it is:
Tick-tock, tick-tock, tick-tock.
(Swing to the rhythm of the pendulum)
To the left - once, to the right - once.
We can do this too
(Legs together, hands on the belt. On the count of “one,” tilt your head to your right shoulder, then to your left, like a clock)
Pendulum clocks were usually bulky and heavy. (slide 13).After the flat spring was invented in the second half of the fifteenth century, replacing weights, master Peter Haenlein from Nuremberg made a watch that could be carried with you. Flat pocket watches are widely used. (slide 14) For such watches, special pockets were sewn on clothes. Now you and I can find such pockets in jeans pockets. (The pocket on the children’s jeans is demonstrated).
By the end of the nineteenth century, watches began to be mass-produced. The first wristwatches were women's models. Richly decorated with precious stones, they looked like jewelry. Men fastened their watches with a chain to their vest pocket, but by the 90s of the nineteenth century, Russian army officers began to wear chronometers with a ring through which they could be tied to their hand with a rope. Since then, watches have not left the wrists of the stronger half of humanity. (slide 15).
Many inventors tried to improve watches, and at the end of the 19th century they became an ordinary and necessary thing.
Some watches are world famous, and even have names. What watches do you know?
Listen carefully when you and I hear this clock. ( chimes of the Spasskaya Tower of the Moscow Kremlin). On New Year's Eve at midnight, to the sound of these chimes, we celebrate the New Year.
The most famous watches (slides 16-18): Moscow Kremlin Astronomical Clock Big Ben Prague Astronomical Clock Zimmer Tower
Summing up.
What types of watches are there?
Which watch did you like?
Publications on the topic:
"New Year's story." Holiday for middle group children Children enter the hall, perform a dance composition, then stop in a semicircle. Festive roll call. 1 child: New Year.
Summary of a game situation for children of the middle group (4–5 years old) “Garden story” Summary of a game situation for children of the middle group (4-5 years old) “Vegetable garden story” Educational area: speech development Integration of educational.
Summary of an open lesson in the senior group “The history of the origin of watches” Topic: “The history of the origin of watches.” Goal: to generalize and systematize children’s knowledge about watches and time. Objectives: 1. Educational Consolidate.
Summary of a lesson on speech development for children of the senior group using the presentation “Vegetables for Luntik.” Goal: to consolidate children's knowledge about vegetables. Corrective and developmental tasks: teach children to form nouns with a diminutive.
Lesson summary for children of the senior group “History of Moscow streets.” Goal: to introduce children to the streets of Moscow and the history of their name. secure.
Summary of a lesson on traffic rules in the middle group “The Story of the Little Frog” (displayed on a flannelgraph) Purpose of the lesson: to continue to introduce the rules of the road, to learn how to practically apply them in various situations; develop thinking.
Summary of the presentation lesson for children of the preparatory group “Walk around the city of Solvychegodsk” Lesson summary - presentation for children of the preparatory group “Walk around the city of Solvychegodsk” Goal: To educate patriotic children.
Short-term project “The history of watches” Short term project
Marina Gerasimova
GCD “The History of Clocks” preparatory group
GCD " History of watches" V preparatory group
Software tasks.
Educational:
Introduce children to the dial hours. To consolidate and expand children's knowledge about different species hours, about the principles of their work, their role in human life. Activate your vocabulary, improve your verbal communication skills.
2. Developmental:
Develop creative imagination and logical thinking, the ability to draw conclusions and express thoughts. Promote the development of independent thinking.
Educational:
Cultivate interest in technology, determination, mutual assistance and the ability to interact with peers.
Material for the lesson:
Laptop, projector, presentation « History of watches» ", tape recorder, music recording, colored pencils, sheets of white paper, layout hours with moving arrows.
Preliminary work: looking at illustrations, reading books, conversations, asking riddles, excursion to the library.
Progress of the lesson:
Children stand in a circle, holding hands.
We are a big, friendly family, let's convey our warmth to each other by hugging. Let's smile at each other.
Today we will go on an unusual journey, and where, you must guess riddle:
We walk at night, we walk during the day,
And yet we won’t leave our place.
We strike regularly every hour,
And you, friends, recognized us. (Watch)
What is it? (This is a clock)
That's right, it's a watch. Today we are going to the planet of time. Is everyone ready? Let's go. They stood in a circle, put their hands on each other's shoulders, and closed their eyes. Imagine your flight, look how many stars, how many different planets, how flawlessly beautiful the celestial space is (space music sounds).
Here we are. Look what an unusual planet it is. This is the planet of time (slide1)
What do you think we will talk about? (about watches)
Now I will introduce you to history of watches.
A long time ago, when there was no hours, people recognized the time by the sun. The sun has risen - it's time to get up; It’s getting dark – it’s time to finish work and get ready for bed. (slide 2)
The most ancient clock that people used to approximately know the time was the sundial. The dial of such hours placed in an open place, brightly illuminated by the sun, and the arrow watch rod served, casting a shadow on the dial (slide 3)
-Guess what kind of watch this is?
This clock walks importantly around the yard, flaps its wings and, flying up onto the fence, shouts “cuckoo.”
- Did you find out who it is? (children's answers) (Slide 4)
The sun has not yet risen, but the rooster is already crowing, morning is coming! stop sleeping!
This is a rooster watch.
Look what an extraordinary watch the flowers are. (slide 5). A long time ago, people noticed that some flowers open in the morning and close during the day, others open in the evening, and others only at night, and are always closed during the day. Flowers open not when they please, but when "one's own" time.
And this is a water clock (slide 6)
Water was poured into a tall glass vessel with a hole at the bottom. Drop by drop it oozed from the hole. Marks were made on the walls of the vessel, which showed how much time had passed since the moment when water was poured into the vessel. It was a water clock.
- (Slide 7)
People began to think about how to come up with a better clock so that it would show time equally accurately day and night, in winter and summer, and in any weather. And they came up with it. These there are no clock hands, no mug with numbers, no gears inside. They are made of glass. Two glass vials are connected together. There is sand inside. When the clock is running, sand flows from the upper bubble into the lower one. Sand spilled out, which means a certain amount of time has passed. This clock was called an hourglass.
Life does not stand still, people began to value their time more and more, and watches have become a necessity for everyone. Watches began to constantly improve. Electronic clocks, wrist watches, wall watches appeared (slide 8)
Why do you think people need watches? (children's answers)
What would happen if people didn’t know the time? (children's answers)
Dynamic pause.
- Now let's rest:
Tick tock, tick tock.
Who in the house can do this?
This is the pendulum in the clock,
Beats every beat (tilts right - left)
And there is a cuckoo sitting in the clock,
She has her own hut. (squats, showing the hut - arms above head)
The bird will crow for time,
He'll hide behind the door again, (squats)
The arrows move in a circle,
They don't touch each other. (torso rotation to the right)
You and I will turn around
Against arrow hourly. (torso rotation to the left)
And the clock goes, goes, (walking in place)
Sometimes they suddenly fall behind (slow down walking pace)
And sometimes they are in a hurry,
It's like they want to run away! (running in place)
If they don't get started,
Then they completely stand up. (the children stop,
Please come to me.
Children approach the table on which posted: case, dial with numbers; arrows; clockwork; watch.
Educator (picks up the watch):
What parts does a watch consist of?
(Children's answers)
That's right, everyone watch has a case, there is a dial. There are numbers on the dial.
- Educator: How are they located?
Children's answers: (in a circle, in order).
What happens if the numbers are mixed up? (children's answers).
Game "Collect the watch"
- Educator: Well done! Everyone got the job done. And now I invite you to come up with your own watch or draw the one that you liked the most. And someone may come up with their own watch of the future. Before we start, let's stretch our fingers.
Warm-up for arms.
We wrote, we wrote,
Our fingers are tired
We'll rest a little
And let's start writing again.
Children draw (to music)
Our journey has come to an end. What new did you learn today (children's answers)
Let's take a look at your work (Analysis of children's work)
Tell me how we would live if it weren't for hours? (Children reason).
What was interesting to you about the planet of time? (children's answers)
What was difficult? (children's answers)
Next time we will go with you to another planet, where there are a lot of interesting things.
To use presentation previews, create a Google account and log in to it: https://accounts.google.com
Slide captions:
Prepared by Elena Vladimirovna Guzenko THE HISTORY OF CLOCKS
COCKER Who woke people up in the morning? Well, there’s a clock sitting on the fence. Cockerel - cockerel golden comb Why do you get up early? Don’t let the kids sleep. – How will the people’s cockerel be? Ku-ka-re-ku! Wake up good people, it's time to go to work. - Is it possible to determine the exact time by looking at the cockerel? - What happens if a cockerel falls from its perch at night and screams at the top of its lungs? - And if the fox takes away the cockerel, who will wake people up? And people decided to come up with other clocks.
They could show the time both day and night. They say about such watches: >. A vessel with a hole at the bottom. There are lines on the wall that show the time. Water flows out of the vessel, time is running out. These clocks were powered by water, which means they were called water clocks? Will there always be water running in such a watch? As soon as all the water runs out, you need to pour in new water, i.e. wind the water clock. And people decided to come up with other clocks. WATER CLOCK
FIRE CLOCKS The first fire, or candle, clocks are thin candles about a meter long with a scale printed along the entire length. They showed the time relatively accurately, and at night they also illuminated the homes of church and secular dignitaries, including such rulers. Metal pins were sometimes attached to the sides of the candle, which, as the wax burned out and melted, fell, and their impact on the metal cup of the candlestick was a kind of audible time signal. Such clocks have never been instruments that could be compared in accuracy to sundials or water clocks.
Such clocks were powered by the sun, which means they were called what? Such watches were invented in Ancient Rome. The sun rose - everyone woke up and got to work. Overhead, it turned out that it was time for lunch. And hid behind the blue sea, behind the high mountains, it was time to retire. And then one day a man noticed that the shadow of a tree falls in one direction in the morning, and in the other in the evening. He dug a pillar into the ground, drew a circle around it, and divided it into parts. The sun rose, and the shadow of the pillar moved in a circle. Such a clock was called - Solar. SUNDIAL
HOURGLASS The hourglass appeared so late in Europe that it spread quickly. This was facilitated by their simplicity, reliability, low price and, last but not least, the ability to measure time with their help at any moment of the day or night. Their disadvantage was a relatively short time interval, which could be measured without turning the device over. Ordinary clocks were designed for half an hour or an hour, less often - for 3 hours, and only in very rare cases were huge hourglasses built for 12 hours. Combining several hourglasses into one did not provide any improvement.
TOWER CLOCK The world's first tower clock was installed in London on the tower of Westminster Abbey back in 1288. The costs of maintaining tower clocks have always been enormous - you need to constantly lubricate them and adjust the hands, but, in essence, they “provided” time for the entire city. But in Russia, the first tower clock appeared on the tower of the Moscow Kremlin only in 1865.
WALL CLOCK Wall clocks appeared in the 15th century. As a rule, they were made of wood, but other materials could be used. The peculiarity of wall clocks was that they had very long pendulums, so they had to hang the clock high on the wall. Many people still have them, only slightly modified and often with the main function - as an element of room interior.
GRAND CLOCK Grandfather clocks appeared in the 17th century. They combined wall and tower clocks, since their body was made in the form of a tall cabinet, which thickened at the top - there was a dial, and the entire mechanism and, most importantly, the pendulum were covered with walls. In the 18th and 19th centuries, grandfather clocks began to be made from expensive types of wood and decorated with carved patterns.
WATCHES Wristwatches appeared quite recently - about 100 years ago, naturally in Switzerland. At first, wristwatches were only for women and were decorated with precious stones; men preferred to wear watches on a chain. But due to the inconvenience of wearing a watch on a chain, men soon began to wear them on their wrists.
On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes
"The History of the Clock"
The presentation can be used when studying the topic “From the Past of Objects” as illustrative material....
Summary of an integrated lesson in the preparatory group History of watches..
Objectives: To introduce the history of watches. - To lead to an understanding of their purpose. Strengthen the ability to draw a variety of watches. -Develop logical thinking and creative imagination -Educate the mind...
