For the first of September, Knowledge Day, the Ministry of Education gave everyone a gift: it issued an order
"On approval of the list of grammars, dictionaries and reference books containing the norms of the modern literary language when used as the state language Russian Federation".
This is a long title about introduction (change) norms of literary language.
Serious discussions developed, especially regarding some words that were previously considered the height of illiteracy.
For example, now you can conclude as you wish, and "agreement" and "agreement", and according to "Wednesdays", and on "Wednesdays". But here's something new: double stress in the word "yogurt" - "yogurt".(However, it turns out that it’s not so new: in Nabokov’s time (and he himself) it was YogUrt that was spoken).
People don’t understand why the word “getting married” is a mistake; it’s correct to say “getting married”, and the word “karate” should be written with an “e”.
The following are also noted as incorrect norms:
quarter, beets, funds, provision, facsimile - one should say quarter, beets, funds, provision, facsimile. But cottage cheese or cottage cheese - to our taste, i.e. both options are correct.
For some reason, there is especially a lot of noise about the translation of the word “coffee” from the currently accepted masculine gender to the neuter gender - delicious strong coffee . Or rather, both options are now applicable (although, in fairness, it is worth noting that in some dictionaries the neuter gender was previously allowed).
Yes, here’s another piece of news - the word “Internet” should now only be written with a capital letter (out of great respect, or what? Are “telephone”, “television” worse?)
The words “ciao” and “fife-o”klok” became “Russian” - I have been using “ciao” (in the sense of “for now”) for “a hundred years”, but somehow it didn’t work out with this English tea at 5 o’clock.. .
There are many examples that can be given, I will express my first impressions “about”...
Naturally, language reacts to changes occurring in life. And we are talking about adjustments in accordance with modern language practice.
It has always been this way - once they were indignant at the transition from “kram” to “cream”, but who now (without irony) says “kram”?
There was a time when the word “chauffeur” did not offend anyone’s ears, what does the driver think about it now?
Previously, the word "hall" was feminine ("zala"), but now the use of this word in the feminine gender is considered illiterate.
In other words, the use of words changes, and the dictionary records how it is customary to speak in a given era.
However, some linguistic innovations can be regarded as a step backwards. In general, the rules of the Russian language have already been simplified, for example, at the beginning of the last century, when the problem of combating illiteracy was being solved. But then the complex academic language was adapted to teach the illiterate population to read and write. Now, it seems, on the contrary, illiterate speech is being introduced.
But what about profanity, which is also too often found in speech. Does this mean that it will soon become the norm?
Some believe that the language began to be faked by illiterate leaders...
I don't know what about the leaders, but to be honest, many, if not most, said and " agreement”, and “on Wednesdays”, and “calls”, and “beautiful”, and “to lie”, “theirs” without realizing that this is illiterate.
I also heard Volfovich’s curious arguments on this topic - after all, he has his own opinion on all issues. He says: yes, it should be written as it is heard... By the way, this is a very popular point of view (especially among people who are not very good with spelling). Dear mother! This will be a circus - whatever anyone hears!.. The simplest argument against such “liberalism” is that Muscovites will curse, northerners will curse. How will people write for whom Russian is not their native language? In general, we will come to the point that neighbors on the site will begin to speak and write in different Russian languages - each in their own. Look, let's build our own Tower of Babel.
The vast majority of people today are educated, studied at schools, graduated from universities, but there are two dozen words and expressions in which very often we continue to make mistakes.
Birthday
It happens in the Russian language that the frequency of use of words and stable phrases completely erases all language norms. This happened, for example, with “birthday”. No matter how they distort it!
Firstly, there can be no “I’m going to your birthday” or “I congratulate you on your birthday.”
Secondly, there is a “birthday”, but there is no “birthday”. Finally, many people write both words with a capital letter, which seems to add significance to the expression, but according to the rules of the Russian language, this is incorrect. It is acceptable, although not entirely correct (a birthday is not an international celebration), to capitalize the first word, but not both.
Theirs, theirs, theirs
What our creative people can do with possessive pronouns! They say “ichniy” (theirs), and “evonyy” (his), and “eenyy” (her). We are not purists and will not argue that such words should not exist. They exist, only these are colloquial words, the use of which can be justified either in colloquial speech or in fiction as a device.
All in all
There are the words “in general”, “in general”, finally, but the use of the words “in general” and “in general” is unacceptable. Despite the obviousness of this thesis, this mistake remains one of the most common.
Company and campaign
There are sociable people, it’s good to go with them to some party for company. Actually, the word “company” itself comes from the Latin word panis (bread), that is, a company was originally called a group of dining companions.
The word "campaign" comes from another word - campus, that is, "field", including a battlefield. Initially, the word “campaign” meant a military campaign.
These two words are homophones, meaning they sound the same but are spelled differently. You can remember the difference this way: the company decided to run a campaign.
Lay down
There is a perfective verb “put”. The imperfective form is “put”, but not “lay down”, as you often hear. This form is colloquial; it is recommended for foreign spies to use it in order to pass as one of their own in a rural village.
Not and neither
A real headache for proofreaders and editors. The legal use of these particles is sometimes not always obvious. The particle “nor” is usually intensifying and is used to negate the predicate; it can also be used as a connecting conjunction. The particle “not” usually expresses negation. When in doubt, it's best to look in the dictionary.
Dress and put on
Another very common mistake in oral speech. You can dress someone and put something on yourself or someone else. To master this simple rule, it is enough to remember the mnemonic phrase “Put on clothes, put on Hope.”
Tsya and tsya
Despite the fact that the spelling of “tsya” and “tsya” in verbs is very easy to check (You need to ask the question “what (s)does?”, “what (s)do?”. If there is a soft sign in the question, then it will be and in “tsya”) this error occurs extremely often.
Unit
It would seem that you write the word “one”, check it with the word “one” and everything will fall into place, but no... For some reason, many persistently write “one” and that’s it... Don’t do that.
As if
Writing hyphens anywhere is a common whim of many people. “How” is written with a hyphen if it is followed by “then”, “either”, “either”. The particle “as if” is written separately.
Well, it's unlikely
Everything is simple here: the particle “li,” no matter how much one would like to add it with a hyphen, is written separately. Just need to remember. As a mnemonic device, you can think of Bruce Lee and imagine what he would do to someone who misspelled such simple words.
What time is it?
If a person comes up to you and asks, “What time is it?”, you will probably answer, but know that he asked incorrectly. The correct word would be “what time?” and “what time is it?”
Espresso
Overseas words are unlucky in Russian. They are constantly being changed. Among the words now commonly used, one can recall the names of coffee “espresso”, “latte” and “cappuccino”. They always want to call the first “expresso”, in the second they constantly strive to put the emphasis on the last syllable, although it’s correct on the first, in the third, for some reason, they put two “ch” when writing it.
Borrow and lend
Financial literacy in Russia leaves much to be desired, so it is not surprising that the words “borrow” and “lend” are constantly confused in our country. “Borrow” means borrowing, so saying “loan me money” is wrong. You also cannot borrow from someone, you can only borrow from someone. The correct answer would be “lend me some money” or “can I borrow from you?”
For
Starting from school, the words “during” and “during” are often written incorrectly. Firstly, they write together, which is a serious mistake, and secondly, they confuse the letters at the end of words.
Here's how to remember how to write correctly: A preposition with a noun “during” can be separated by a dependent word, but the preposition “during” is inseparable. For example, in a fast flowing river (preposition with a noun), during the evening.
Why do people pronounce words incorrectly?
As soon as we hear from our lips “your phone is ringing”, “put yourself down”, “that dress is beautiful”, we ask ourselves: why do people say things wrong? After all, everyone once studied at school, placed emphasis in words and pronounced them protractedly with the correct stress.
The thing is that in the Russian language there is no single rule for stressing words, unlike, for example, Spanish, where there are only two pronunciation rules.
New words with incorrect stress come to us from different regions. So, for example, in the southern dialect of the Russian language there are the following pronunciations: meansA, understood, raised.
Our neighbors from Belarus and Ukraine also have a huge influence on the language. The languages are close enough that they often mix. This is especially noticeable in areas that border each other. As a result, new variants of pronunciation of words are born in our speech.
As soon as we hear the distorted sound of a word, we begin to doubt ourselves: “Am I pronouncing the words correctly?” In order not to be misled, we have selected 30 of the most tricky words with incorrect pronunciation. This is where we most often make mistakes.
Borrowed words in Russian
In speech we use a large number of borrowed words. Meanwhile, each language has certain pronunciation rules that need to be taken into account.
French words
A large number of words in our language were borrowed from France. They have become so integral to Russian speech that sometimes we mistake them for native words.
But they do not lose their roots and are also intertwined with family ties. The French language has its own rules for pronouncing words. In most cases, the stress falls on the last syllable.
- dispensary;
- apostrophe;
- partner;
- blinds.
Despite the fact that in most cases the stress falls on the last syllable, there are exception words in the language:
- CREAMS;
- phenomenon.
English words
Our speech is constantly enriched with English words. The most noticeable tendency of this language is stress at the beginning of a word. The examples below will help you see this:
- marketing;
- barman (bar).
In English, like in any other language, there are exception rules:
- pull over;
- login.
German words
Words from Germany have been coming into Russian speech for many years. There are many compound words borrowed from other languages and formed from two or more roots. Therefore, each linguistic unit has its own accent.
- quarter. Comes from the German word qartal, and it comes from the Latin quartus;
- shoe. Borrowed from German tyffel;
- kitchen. In German, this word was borrowed from Latin;
- scarves. Derived from the German scharpe.
Related words
In Russian there is a movable stress. Therefore, it is simply impossible to check the pronunciation of a word using one rule. It is important to remember a few simple rules here:
- In the words beetroot and the newborn vowel sound “Ё” is always stressed.
- Pamper, call, facilitate - in these words the main thing to remember is that in verbs the stress never falls on the first syllable. Also, in words belonging to the group of verbs ending in -it, the stress falls on the last syllable.
- Wholesale, cakes, exhaust - these words have a fixed stress; in all norms of the word, the stress will fall on the same consonant.
- Bochkovoe (barrel), kitchen (kitchen) - pronounced with the same stress as in the noun.
- SORREL, MASTERLY, BELT - the pronunciation of these words needs to be remembered.
- Dancer - according to the rules of the suffix of nouns after the consonant “C”, it is written under the accent “O”.
- Plum - the stress in a word always falls on the first syllable. This is indicated in all spelling dictionaries of the Russian language.
- MEANS. The word is singular, the stress falls on the first syllable.
People remember images better
Write the words on sticky notes, highlight the stressed vowel in bold, and stick them around the house so you don't forget.
Draw in your mind not the words, but the object itself. For example, the word “barmen”. Imagine that you came to a bar, and the bartender’s badge did not have his name written on it, but the word bartender itself with a bold letter “A”.
Rhymes
Make up rhymes for words where you are confused about the pronunciation:
- calls - excuses, knocks, approves;
- cakes - still lifes, spoiled, erased;
- creams - chrysanthemums, schemes.
There are many interesting poems on the Internet about the correct stress of words. Learn memory rhymes - this will help you not make mistakes in pronunciation:
Flew away from the fire
And went out quickly
If it’s wrong, then a spark
If true - Spark!
Make friends with reference books
Go to the library, buy a spelling reference book at a bookstore, look at electronic reference books as soon as a controversial issue arises.
So, let's remember:
dispensary |
beet |
apostrophe |
newborn |
partner |
pamper |
blinds |
It's calling |
CREAMS |
Even the most advanced fashionistas sometimes do not know how to correctly pronounce the names of some brands. Knowledge of the English language from school will not help in this case - the names of many well-known brands come from the names of their founders, who come from different countries: French, Italians, British, Americans... Therefore, the brand name is often (not always) pronounced as their surnames are read according to the rules of their native language. To prevent trips to fashion boutiques and beauty corners from turning into an illiteracy test, we have compiled a list of how to pronounce brand names that most often cause difficulties with correct pronunciation. How to correctly pronounce the names of fashion brands Buying clothes and shoes from famous brands seriously complicates our lives. Now we not only cannot live without our favorite Christian Louboutin pumps, but we also don’t know how to correctly pronounce the name of the brand. You should not try to translate the brand name into Russian on your own; at best, they simply won’t understand you, and at worst, you will look funny. Azzedine Alaïa is a French designer with Tunisian roots. Usually, difficulties in pronunciation are caused by his surname with a letter of the Latin alphabet. Azzedine Alaïa – everything is simple and easy. Balenciaga - The correct answer is "Balenciaga". It's very simple! Balmain – according to English rules it sounds like “Balmain”, but the brand is named after the surname of its creator, French designer Pierre Balma, which means it’s correct to say Balmain. Chloé - Chloe - just like that, with an emphasis on the “e”. Don't tell me you were thinking "Chloe." Christian Lacroix – the name of the Christian Lacroix brand sounds correct with the emphasis on the last syllable. Moreover, the sound “r” is practically not pronounced, as if you were burring. Christian Louboutin - the name of the French shoe designer, recognizable by its signature red sole, sounds like Christian Louboutan. But even professionals make mistakes when they say: “Louboutin”, “Louboutin”, “Lobutan”. Givenchy is a French fashion house created by designer Hubert Givenchy, so we should say Givenchy. Guy Laroche – the name of the French designer is correctly spelled Guy Laroche. But many people sometimes call him “Guy”. Hermés – the brand name is often pronounced Hermé. It seems that according to the rules this is correct (the sound “s” in French transcription should be absent), but in in this case It's correct to say Ermes. The same applies to the Rochas brand – Rochas sounds right. Hervé Léger is a French brand that became famous thanks to the invention of the bandage dress. Previously Hervé Peugnet, but Karl Lagerfeld advised the designer to change the unpronounceable surname to Léger. Pronounced Hervé Leger. Lanvin – I immediately want to say Lanvin, but Lanvan is correct. Louis Vuitton is the correct pronunciation of the brand name Louis Vuitton, not Louis Vuitton or Louis Vuitton. Maison Martin Margiela - even for a beginner, even with good knowledge of the French language, it is difficult to correctly pronounce the name of the famous French brand. And it actually sounds quite simple - Maison Martin Margiela. Rochas - Rocha with emphasis on the last syllable. Please note that the letter "s" is not pronounced. Sonia Rykiel – Sonia Rykiel – this is the name of the queen of knitwear and the founder of the fashion house of the same name Sonia Rykiel. Yves Saint Laurent is a French fashion house founded by Yves Saint Laurent, which is why we say nothing less than Yves Saint Laurent. Zuhair Murad - literally sounds like Zuhair Murad in Russian. Anna Sui – very often the name of a famous designer can be heard as Anna Sui, but it sounds correctly Enna Sui. Burberry Prorsum is an English company, recognizable by its trademark – “cage”. It's pronounced Burbury Prorsum, but not "Burbury" or "Barbury". Carolina Herrera is a Venezuelan-American designer. Usually difficulties arise with pronunciation of the surname. You need to speak in the Spanish manner, that is, Carolina Herrera. Gareth Pubh - in Russian the name of the English designer sounds like Gareth Pugh. Coach – many people love bags from the famous Coach brand, but not everyone knows how to correctly pronounce the brand name. Coach is the name of a brand known in Russian for its fashion accessories. Levi's - the creator of the famous jeans was named Levi and according to all the rules you should say Levis, not Levis. Although both options have long been in common use. By the way, in the states everyone says “Levis”. You can argue on this topic endlessly. Manolo Blahnik is an English brand specializing in the production of women's shoes. In Russian, the correct name of the brand is Manolo Blahnik. Marc Jacobs – the designer and founder of the fashion brand of the same name is named Marc Jacobs. Although some people manage to pronounce Marc Jacobs – it sounds funny. Marchesa is an English brand, but its name is pronounced according to the rules of the Italian language - Marchesa. Mary Katrantzou – despite the fact that the designer was born in Greece, the brand is English. That’s why we pronounce it in the British manner – Mary Katrantzou. Monique Lhuillier - The name of the famous luxury wedding dress designer is correctly pronounced as Monique Lhuillier. Naeem Khan – the name of the American designer of Indian origin sounds like Naeem Khan, but it’s definitely not “Khan”. Prabal Gurung - both written and read - Prabal Gurung. Proenza Schouler – no “Schuler”, it’s correct to say Proenza Schouler. This is how the American brand is correctly pronounced. Ralph Lauren – despite the fact that the designer’s last name is French and many people mistakenly pronounce “Laurent”, the brand is American. And it’s correct to say Ralph Lauren with an emphasis on the “o.” Rodarte - Rodarte. Roksanda Ilincic – but the brand name Roksanda Ilincic, despite the fact that it is English, is pronounced according to the rules of Serbian transcription, since the designer was born in Belgrade. And she sounds like Roksanda Ilincic. Vera Wang - the surname Wang can be pronounced as Wang and Wong, but the first option is still preferable. And the designer herself introduces herself as Vera Wang. The same applies to the Alexander Wang brand. As a bonus, we present another name of a popular brand, which does not get along in the minds of Russian fashionistas. Nike - everyone knows the brand as Nike. Actually, it's correct to say Nike. But the first option has taken root in Russia so much that even the official representative office of the company in our country sounds differently than Nike. Bvlgari - the brand name is based on the Latin alphabet, where “V” is equivalent to “U”. There is one more “but” - emphasis, so we say: “BulgAri”, and not like many “Bulgari”. DSquared2 is an Italian brand founded by Canadian brothers, it should be pronounced Disquared, but not Disquared. Ermenegildo Zegna is a real brain explosion. It’s quite difficult to pronounce the first time, but with practice, Ermenegildo Zegna is pronounced as easily as the well-known brands Chanel and Christian Dior. Fausto Puglisi is another Italian brand that can often be difficult to pronounce. It's correct to say Fast Puisy. Miu Miu is an Italian brand that is pronounced according to the rules of Italian transcription - Mew Mew. Moschino – this Italian brand is read by the same rules. It is pronounced Moschino, not Moscino as it sounds in English. Giambattista Valli - nothing complicated - Giambattista Valli. Other designer brands and brandsAnn Demeulemeester – the Belgian designer would be correctly called Ann Demeulemeester and nothing else. Dries Van Noten – it’s hard to make a mistake in the name of this brand. As you may have guessed, Dries Van Noten sounds right. Elie Saab is a Lebanese designer whose name sounds like Elie Saab, but not Elie Saab. Issey Miyake – finally, a Japanese designer has made it onto our list of “hard to pronounce brand names”. The name of the Japanese fashion legend is correct to say Issey Miyake. The name of the second famous designer Yohji Yamamoto from the land of the rising sun is Yohji Yamamoto. Loewe – when pronounced, it should sound something between Lowewe and Loewe. Peter Pilotto - the name of the international brand is correctly pronounced Peter Pilato, and not “Pilotto”, as it seems at first glance. Philipp Plein is a German designer, which is why the name is pronounced Philipp Plein, not Plein. The same case as with Calvin Klein - after all, we say Calvin Klein. To find out, the British magazine i-D decided to conduct a fashionable lesson on illiteracy by releasing an educational video. In a four-minute lesson, along with a demonstration of the collections, models voice the names of brands, from Azzedine Alaïa to Zegna. How to correctly pronounce beauty brand namesIt's the same story with the pronunciation of the names of cosmetic brands. For example, everyone knows the l’occitane brand, many of us even use it. But they call it whatever they call it: Lokitan, Lossitane, and Lochitan. There is even a joke that the brand name has about 40 pronunciation options, but only one is correct - Locsitane. Kiehl's is an American brand founded by John Keel, which is why it is pronounced the same way as his last name is pronounced - Keel's. Sephora - most of us pronounce the name correctly, the only thing is that the emphasis should be on the last syllable, on “a”, that is, Sephora. Babor – the name of the German brand also confuses many. BAbor is read correctly with the emphasis on “a”. La Roche-Posay - the name of the cosmetics brand is read according to the rules of French transcription - La Roche Posay. Pierre Fabre is another representative of pharmaceutical high-quality French cosmetics. Reading: Pierre Fabre. Payot – we bet you didn’t even suspect that the brand has Ukrainian roots – its founder was born in Odessa. Only at the time of the creation of the brand she was already Mademoiselle Payot, which is why the name of the brand is read in the French manner - Payot, without pronouncing the letter “t”. Sothys - Satis. La Biosthetique - La Biosthetique. Methode Jeanne Piaubert - it seems that French cosmetics are trying to win the love of Russian beauties. Another popular beauty brand founded in France is Method Jean Pubert. Guerlain - Guerlain, and nothing else. Estée Lauder - Estee Lauder - this is how the name of the founder and the name of the brand itself is pronounced. La Prairie is one of the best beauty brands producing luxury cosmetics, read as La Prairie. Erborian is another cosmetic brand that combines traditional Korean medicine methods and modern European technologies. The Korean-French brand Erboria sounds like Erborian in Russian. Oribe – Orbe Canales is a famous stylist and creator of the eponymous brand of professional hair products. By the way, this is one of any Jennifer Lopez stylists. Essie – a brand of nail polishes popular throughout the world is correctly called Essie. Lalique - the creator of unique fragrances is called Rene Lalique, so we pronounce the name of the brand only as Lalique. NYX is the name of an American brand consisting of three letters, pronounced briefly and clearly - Nyx. If you carefully read everything to the end, you will no longer make stupid mistakes in pronouncing the names of famous brands. Speak clearly and confidently, as if you always knew that the correct word to say was SephorA, not SifOra or Sephora. You need to speak your native language correctly! Save it on your wall. And stay tuned! 1. How long can you doubt “come” or “come”? Remember once and for all, correctly - “ COME«. 2. Did you order espresso? To cook it faster? The coffee is called " ESPRESSO«! 3. Which is correct: “WIN” or “WIN”? No way! The verb “to win” does not have a 1st person singular form. numbers in the future tense. " I will win“, “I can win” completely replace this form. 4. Repeat! There are no words “in general” and “in general”! There are words " AT ALL" And " ALL IN ALL". And period. 5. The documents say “ SIGNATURE", but in the Sistine Chapel on the altar wall - " PAINTING". Don't confuse, friends, don't confuse! 6. From the point of view of lexical compatibility, the expression “the best” sounds as ridiculous as “more beautiful”. A big hello to the directors of “The Best Movie.” 7. " Borrow" - this is to borrow! “Lend me some money” is wrong. You cannot borrow from SOMEONE, you can only FROM SOMEONE. " Lend me some money“, “Can I borrow from you?” - Right. 8. " For"(for some time, in continuation), but" within"(for example, rivers, flow as a direction in art). Please note, always separately! 9. Hadron collider! Not “ANDronny”, who is this “Andron”? Hadrons- these are elementary particles, and the collider was named in their honor. " Collider“By the way, with two “l”. 10. WinPlay! Don't win! We sincerely don’t understand what motivates people who put “Y” there. The test word is GAME. 11. Which is correct: “go” or “drive” or “drive”? No way! The imperative form of the verbs “to go” and “to go” is only “ GO" or " Come on in«, « Come", etc. The use of the word "ride" without a prefix is considered acceptable, but undesirable in colloquial speech. 12. Everyone who still says “IHNY” will burn in hell! 13. For writing “IzVeni” instead of “ Sorry“It’s time to introduce monetary fines. 14. Do you doubt which is correct: “to lie” or “to lie”? 15. Girls, do not continue communicating with the person who writes to you “you are a pretty girl.” Help natural selection! 16. “What should I WEAR?” - only Yudashkin can think. Well, remember: “ put on socks” - “take off your panties”, “dress Masha” - “undress Katya”. Therefore, it is correct: “What would I WEAR?». 17. Don’t replace “sorry” with “I apologize.” " Sorry" - I was wrong and please excuse me, “I’m sorry” - I’ve already excused myself for this nonsense, and you do as you wish. 18. “Do you like it?” - “No, I don’t like it!” - this is horror! 19. Put stress in words correctly: 20. Who is from Moscow? Step forward to the village! 21. " In my opinion«, « according to you" - written WITH A HYPHEN! No “garbage” or other nonsense! 22. It’s correct to say: “I love ICE CREAM(not ice cream, not ice cream). I want CAKE(not cake, not cake).” 23. Remember how words are written: 24. Classic. " Will you call me?" - the emphasis is always on the last syllable! No exceptions! We check with the song “ Call me, call me«. 25. Don’t say “sausages”, there was no soft sign in this word. Did you like the article? Share with your friends!
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