Composition of the population of Tatarstan by nationality. Population of Tatarstan: number, national composition

According to Rosstat, the population of Tatarstan is represented by one hundred and fifteen nationalities, its total number is about four million people (3,885,253 according to 2017 data). Of this number, seventy-six percent of people live in cities. In terms of density, the population of Tatarstan is settled quite closely: on average, fifty-seven people per square kilometer. The working people in the republic are forty-seven percent of the total number, which is a lot.

About the republic

The Republic of Tatarstan is a subject of the Russian Federation, part of the Volga Federal District as part of the economic region of the Volga region. Formed in May 1920 with the name Tatar SSR with its capital in Kazan. Geographically, it is located next to the Ulyanovsk, Kirov, Orenburg, Samara regions, Chuvashia, Udmurtia, Mari El and Bashkorstan. The Republic of Tatarstan has two state languages ​​- Tatar and Russian, and Chuvash is also widely spoken.

The population of Tatarstan has inhabited these territories since ancient times. The location is very advantageous: the center of European Russia, the East European Plain with fertile lands, two great rivers - the Kama and the Volga - flow here and merge together. The population of Tatarstan willingly and often visits Moscow, fortunately the Russian capital is only eight hundred kilometers away. The total area of ​​the republic is 67,836 square kilometers: two hundred and ninety kilometers from south to north and four hundred and sixty from east to west.

Protected area

There are mainly plains, forests and forest-steppes with low elevations (the right bank of the Volga and the southwest), ninety percent of the territory is no higher than two hundred meters in relation to sea level. The forests here are very rich in berries, mushrooms, and animals. More than eighteen percent of the territory is covered with them: huge oaks, fragrant lindens, aspens, birches, and in the thickets - conifers: pines, spruces, fir. The places are exceptionally beautiful, with a rich history and preserved folk traditions.

It is not surprising that there are more than one hundred and fifty protected areas on approximately one hundred and fifty thousand hectares, which is more than two percent of the total area. These are the Volzhsko-Kama nature reserves, where more than seventy species of rare plants and sixty-eight species of animals coexist, of which there are few left on Earth, as well as the Lower Kama National Park with exceptional forest areas.

Rest of territory

Tatarstan is rich not only in forests. There is an abundance of valuable minerals here, and the main resource that the republic is supplied with is oil, which is approximately eight hundred million tons, and according to production forecasts - more than a billion tons. Along the way, natural gas is also produced everywhere.

Tatarstan is also rich in coal deposits; one hundred and eight deposits have already been identified. There are industrial-scale reserves of dolomite, limestone, and a lot of building materials - clay and sand, suitable for making bricks, which is what the factories of Tatarstan do. There are building stones, gypsum, gravel mixtures, and peat. The reserves of oil bitumen, oil shale, copper, bauxite and much more are also quite promising.

Water

Tatarstan is not only a republic of forests, which the flag of Tatarstan symbolically depicts with a green stripe, it is a republic of rivers and lakes, although the blue color is not present on the flag. The beautiful Volga flows through the territory of Tatarstan for one hundred and seventy-seven kilometers, and the full-flowing Kama - all three hundred and eighty. And how many more tributaries, rivers, streams! The Vyatka River runs across the republic for sixty kilometers and the Belaya River for fifty. The total flow is two hundred thirty-four billion cubic meters per year.

It is difficult to list all five hundred rivers that fill Tatarstan with drinking water, and it is impossible to count constantly flowing streams at least ten kilometers long. Water resources do not end there: there are two largest reservoirs in the country - Nizhnekamsk and Kuibyshev. And two more - smaller ones: Karabashskoye and Zainskoye. And also more than eight thousand lakes and ponds. And the groundwater in the republic has enormous reserves, including mineral ones - from fresh to slightly salty.

Cities of Tatarstan

First of all, you need to tell at least briefly about the capital of Tatarstan - Kazan. This is a large port on the Volga and one of the largest political, scientific, economic, educational, sports, cultural, and religious centers in Russia. The Kazan Kremlin is a UNESCO site. Not long ago, Kazan registered a brand and is now rightfully called the third capital of Russia.

This is not surprising, since other cities of Tatarstan do not have a thousand-year history. And in Russia there are few of them. Tourism is very developed here. Such famous cities as Elabuga, Bugulma, Chistopol are worthy of a separate article; a lot can be said about them. But now it makes sense to dwell in more detail on industrial ones.

Industry

Naberezhnye Chelny, a city that for several years in a row bore the name of Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev. Founded in 1626. Famous for industry - OJSC "KAMAZ", PA "Tatelektromash", a mechanical repair plant, as well as the Nizhnekamsk hydroelectric power station - this is truly an asset. In addition to industrial giants, there are many different smaller factories. There are several universities, theaters, museums.

The city of Zelenodolsk is on the Volga, founded in 1865. Mechanical engineering, a famous shipyard, and a furniture and clothing factory are developed here. Students study at a branch of Kazan University. Nizhnekamsk is a city of oil workers and students, since the main oil production and refining are located here, plus four famous universities for such a small city. Also one of the largest oil centers is Almetyevsk, a young city, but already famous. There are many factories here - machine-building, pipe, tire, construction materials factories. The Druzhba gas pipeline and several oil pipelines begin in Almetyevsk.

History of Tatarstan

History says that in the territories where the Republic of Tatarstan is now located, ancient settlements were already in the eighth century BC. Later, the state of the Volga Bulgars was formed, in the Middle Ages the Mongols reigned here, then Tatarstan was a subject of the Golden Horde. In the fifteenth century, the Kazan Khanate declared itself, and in the sixteenth it fell at the hands of the Moscow Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, nicknamed the Terrible. In 1552, Kazan was included in the Moscow state. Tataria received its name only in 1920 with the light hand of V.I. Lenin, before that no one had called these territories either Tatarstan or Tataria.

Today Tatarstan is the sixth-largest region of the Russian Federation in terms of production volume with one and a half trillion rubles of GRP. Tatarstan’s share in the country’s production is very large; it is a donor region. Briefly: polyethylene - 51.9% of total production in the country, rubber - 41.9%, cars - 30.5%, tires - 33.6%, oil production - 6.6% and so on. The flag of Tatarstan flies proudly over the country - a green-white-red cloth symbolizing spring, purity and life. The republican coat of arms features a winged leopard on a solar disk, a symbol of fertility, and, as evidenced by the history of Tatarstan in ancient legends, an ancient patron of children.

Culture and religion

Tatarstan was originally located at the junction of the largest civilizations - Western and Eastern, which is what explains such a diversity of cultural wealth. There are two World Heritage Sites here that have been included by UNESCO in this famous list. The most popular is the Kazan Kremlin with its majestic symbols of the peaceful coexistence of two religions - the Annunciation Cathedral and the Kul Sharif Mosque. A historical and architectural reserve and an art museum have been created on the territory of the Kremlin. The second object is Ancient Bolgar, the former capital of Volga Bulgaria. In addition, Tatarstan is a territory of a high level of culture and art. More than eight hundred magazines and newspapers are published here in the Chuvash, Udmurt, Tatar and Russian languages. There are many museums, theaters, and a strong national tradition in all forms of art.

According to the Constitution, Tatarstan is a secular state, all confessions are separated from it and are absolutely equal before the law. There are more than a thousand associations of different religions here. The most numerous are Islam and Orthodoxy. Islam in Tatarstan is preached in the Sunni direction, and it was adopted as the official religion more than a thousand years ago - in 992. For the most part, the population of Tatarstan professes Islam. However, numerous Russians, Mari, Chuvash, Udmurts, Kryashens and Mordovians chose Orthodoxy for themselves.

Power

The highest official in the republic is the president. In 1991, the first president of Tatarstan, Mintimer Shaimiev, was elected and served in this post until 2010. After that, he became a state adviser, and Rustam Minnikhanov took his place.

The President of Tatarstan has not yet changed, but just recently the Prime Minister of the Republic, Ildar Khalikov, left at his own request, who moved to a more “live” job and became the General Director of Tatenergo, still heading the boards of directors of all companies in the energy sector of Tatarstan .

- a republic within the Russian Federation. The head of state and highest official of the Republic of Tatarstan is the President. He heads the system of executive bodies of state power in the republic and directs the activities of the Cabinet of Ministers - the executive and administrative body of state power. The Cabinet of Ministers is responsible to the President. The candidacy of the Prime Minister is approved by the Parliament of Tatarstan at the proposal of the President.

The highest representative and legislative body of state power of the Republic of Tatarstan is the unicameral State Council (parliament).

The State Council of the Republic of Tatarstan is a permanently operating highest representative legislative body of state power. Parliament is elected for a period of five years and consists of 100 deputies. The State Council is headed by the Chairman of the State Council of the Republic of Tatarstan.

President of the Republic of Tatarstan

Prime Minister of the Republic of Tatarstan

Local government acts independently within the limits of its powers. Local governments are not included in the system of state authorities. Local self-government throughout the Republic of Tatarstan is carried out in urban, rural settlements, municipal districts and urban districts.

Judicial power is exercised by the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Tatarstan, federal courts of general jurisdiction, the Arbitration Court of the Republic of Tatarstan and justices of the peace. Legal proceedings and records management in courts are conducted in accordance with federal law.

The capital of the republic is Kazan - one of the largest economic, scientific, cultural and sports centers in Russia.

The official languages ​​in Tatarstan are Tatar and Russian.

The Republic of Tatarstan is multi-confessional. As of January 1, 2008, 1,398 religious associations were registered. The traditional confessions for the republic are Sunni Islam and Orthodoxy. State policy in the republic is aimed at maintaining a balance of interests of Islam and Orthodoxy, the equality of all religions before the law.

In terms of the number of functioning religious communities, Tatarstan is one of the leaders among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. There are about 1,400 religious buildings in the republic, of which: 1,150 mosques, 200 churches, 50 religious buildings of other faiths.

In political and administrative terms, Tatarstan is divided into 43 municipal districts, 22 cities, 20 urban-type settlements, 897 rural settlements.

The Republic of Tatarstan is one of the most densely populated regions of Russia. In terms of population, Tatarstan ranks eighth among 83 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The total population of Tatarstan in mid-2011 was 3 million 787 thousand 355 people.

Throughout the 20th century and the first decades of the 21st century, the population of the region grew at a low rate: 1920 - 2.7 million people, 1970 - 3.13 million people, 1989 - 3.64 million people ., 1999 – 3.78 million people, 2002 – 3.77 million people.

In general, demographic processes in the Republic of Tatarstan repeat all-Russian trends. The total fertility rate varied slightly between 2005 and 2011, reaching a minimum in 2010 (9.6%) and a maximum in 2009 (11.8%).

In 2011, for the first time in the last 20 years, the number of births exceeded the number of deaths, and the natural population growth of the republic became positive (Fig. 1).

A similar trend continued in 2012. In July 2012, the rate of natural population growth increased to 1.2% and the population of the republic increased by 2996 people. There has been an increase in the number of births not only of first and second children, but also of third and subsequent children in the family.

The gender structure of the population of Tatarstan is dominated by the female population: the share of women is 53.9%, and men – 46.1%.

Women numerically predominate in the urban settlements of the republic. Thus, in cities, there are 1,015 women per 1,000 men of working age, and 2,652 women per 1,000 men of retirement age. Only among urban children of children (0-15 years old) is there a predominance towards the male population: for every 1000 boys there are 956 girls.

In 2010, the average life expectancy of the population of the republic was 70.8 years (the average for the Russian Federation is 69 years).

The Republic of Tatarstan has maintained a positive migration balance for several decades, which indicates the economic attractiveness of the region both among the population of neighboring regions and among residents of the CIS countries. The main migration flows are directed to Tatarstan from the Chuvash Republic, the Mari El Republic, Bashkortostan, and among the CIS countries - from Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and other republics.

In 2010, 62.7% of the total number of migrants participated in intra-republican migrations. Among the cities of Tatarstan, the cities of Mamadysh (10.5‰), Buinsk (7.9‰), Menzelinsk (7.0‰), Kazan (6.9‰), Mendeleevsk (5.4‰) have the largest balance of migration.

Large industrial cities have either a low or negative balance migration rate: Nizhnekamsk (-3.2‰), Naberezhnye Chelny (-0.9‰), Almetyevsk (0.1‰).

In total, representatives of 115 nationalities live on the territory of Tatarstan. The national composition of the population is characterized by a predominance of representatives of three national groups - Tatars (53%), Russians (39.4%), Chuvash (3.3%). All other national groups are less numerous, and the share of each of them does not exceed 1%. For example, the fourth national group after the Chuvash is the Udmurt population, whose share is 0.6% of the total population.

The total share of other national groups is 4.2% of the total population of the republic. The ratio of the leading national groups of the republic according to the results of individual population censuses is presented in table. 1.

Table 1 . Ratio of leading national population groups according to the results of individual population censuses

The main areas of settlement of the predominantly Tatar population are Zakazanye - a vast area to the north and northeast of Kazan, as well as the east and south of the republic. Tatars numerically predominate in most districts and cities, and their share has increased throughout almost the entire territory of the republic (Fig. 3). The peripheral regions of the southwest are traditionally inhabited by the Chuvash and Mordovians, the Mari in the northwest, and the Udmurts in the northeast. The Russian population slightly predominates in areas located on both banks of the Volga and near the wide mouth of the Kama, flooded by the reservoir, as well as in the cities of Zelenodolsk, Chistopol (more than 60% of the population), Bugulma and Elabuga (more than half). Large communities of Ukrainians and Bashkirs were formed as a result of labor migrations of the 1960–1970s; they are concentrated in Naberezhnye Chelny and Nizhnekamsk (more than 40% of Ukrainians and 55% of Bashkirs of the republic).

The population density of the republic is 55.8 people/km2. In terms of this indicator, Tatarstan is noticeably superior to most neighboring regions, second only to the Samara region (59.2 people/km2) and the Chuvash Republic (69.9 people/km2). For example, the same figure in the Republic of Mari El is 30.2 people/km2, in Udmurtia – 38.6 people/km2, Kirov region – 11.6 people/km2, in Bashkortostan – 28.3 people/km2.

Rural population density map

In the Republic of Tatarstan, the rural population density is only 13.7 people/km2, which indicates high urbanization.

75.4% of the republic’s population lives in urban settlements, and 24.6% in rural areas. The urban population tends to grow steadily and slowly.

The cities of the republic differ in the number of inhabitants and play a different role in the internal and external socio-economic processes of the republic. The largest cities with a population of more than 100 thousand people have a diversified industry, participate in the intraregional division of labor, producing products aimed at both the domestic and foreign markets (Table 2).

table 2. Classification of cities by population(2010)

Due to historical and economic reasons, the urban population of the republic is distributed unevenly. Most of it is concentrated in the north-west, north-east and south-east of Tatarstan (Fig. 4). Here systems have formed, clusters of cities that are developing agglomerations.

The most established is the Kazan agglomeration, which includes the cities of Kazan, Zelenodolsk and the settlement zone between them. About 1 million 300 thousand people live within the Kazan agglomeration, which is approximately 34.4% of the population of the republic and 45.5% of all citizens of the region.

Kazan is the capital of the republic, the only millionaire city in the region (1145.4 thousand people). This is the economic, cultural, political center of Tatarstan. The area of ​​Kazan is 425.3 km2. The birth rate and death rate are the same and amount to 13.1‰. Migration increase – (+4.6‰). The ethnic composition of the residents is diverse, but the leading national groups are Russians (48.8%) and Tatars (47.5%).

The Nizhnekamsk agglomeration, formed on the basis of the young cities of Naberezhnye Chelny and Nizhnekamsk, as well as ancient Yelabuga, has about 850 thousand inhabitants, which is 22.4% of the population of the republic and 29.8% of the urban population.

Naberezhnye Chelny is a large industrial and cultural center in the northeast of the republic. This is the main city of the polycentric Nizhnekamsk agglomeration and the center of the Nizhnekamsk TPK, the second most populous and important city in Tatarstan.

City area – 171 km2; population – 513.2 thousand people, which is about 13.5% of the population of Tatarstan. The rate of natural population growth is positive and amounts to 5.7‰. Migration population growth is negative and amounts to (-0.9‰). The national composition of the city's population is represented by the following main national groups: Tatars - 45.7%, Russians - 45.1%, Chuvash - 1.9%, Ukrainians - 1.6%, Bashkirs - 1.4%.

Nizhnekamsk is a major industrial center of the republic. It is the third most populous city in Tatarstan, the administrative center of the Nizhnekamsk municipal district.

The area of ​​Nizhnekamsk is 61.0 km2, the population is 234.1 thousand inhabitants. The natural increase coefficient is positive and amounts to 5.7 ‰, the balance migration coefficient is (-3.2 ‰). The national composition of the population is represented mainly by Tatars (46.5%), Russians (46.1%), Chuvash (3.0%), Ukrainians (1.0%), and Bashkirs (1%).

Elabuga (a city since 1780) is the industrial, cultural and historical center of the republic. It is the seventh most populous city in Tatarstan. Its area is 18.4 km2, population is 70.9 thousand people. Natural population growth is positive and amounts to 3.5‰, and the balance migration coefficient is also positive (+ 3.5‰).

The cities of the southeast of the republic (Almetyevsk, Bugulma, Leninogorsk, Aznakaevo, Bavly), closely connected by industrial, economic and cultural ties, form an industrial hub that contributed to the emergence of a new agglomeration.

About 337 thousand people live within the Almetyevsko-Bugulma agglomeration, which is 8.9% of the population of the republic and 11.9% of the urban population of the region.

Almetyevsk is the administrative center of the Almetyevsk municipal district, the largest city in the polycentric Almetyevsko-Bugulma agglomeration, the center of the Almetyevsko-Bugulma TPK of the republic, the fourth city in Tatarstan in terms of population and importance.

The area of ​​the city is 41 km2, the population is 146.2 thousand people. Natural population growth is positive and amounts to 1.3‰. Migration population growth has slowed down and amounts to 0.1‰. The national composition of the population is represented by the following national groups: Tatars - 50.4%, Russians - 42.9%, Chuvash - 2.4%, Mordovians - 2.4%.

Republican agglomerations are large industrial centers, concentrating a total of 65.7% of the total population and 87.1% of the urban population of Tatarstan, and act as “growth points” of the regional economy.

The number of labor resources in the Republic of Tatarstan is 2434.3 thousand people, and the economically active population is 2092.8 thousand people. (July 2012).

The Republic of Tatarstan ranks eighth in terms of population among other subjects and regions of the Russian Federation, behind Moscow and the Moscow region, the Krasnodar Territory, St. Petersburg, the Sverdlovsk and Rostov regions, as well as the Republic of Bashkortostan. The population of Tatarstan is distinguished by its heterogeneous national composition, a fairly high number of urban residents even in comparison with the national average, and positive growth dynamics in the last ten years.

Population dynamics of Tatarstan

The first statistical data on numbers began to be collected in 1926 - six years after the formation of the Tatar Autonomy as part of the Soviet Union. Tatarstan then had a little over two and a half million inhabitants.

Since the establishment of Soviet power, the dynamics of numbers has been positive. Even in the difficult 1990s, the population of Tatarstan grew annually by at least ten to twenty thousand people. The record annual increase in the 90s was recorded in 1993 (compared to the previous period) and amounted to 27 thousand people.

Growth slowed in 2001. The negative trend continued until 2007. It is likely that the decline in fertility and the simultaneous increase in mortality were associated primarily with the general situation in the Russian Federation. The reasons for this phenomenon are considered:

• low quality of medical care;
• high level of violence, unfavorable crime situation;
• alcoholization of the population;
• poor environmental situation in the country;
• lack of prevalence of healthy lifestyle ideas;
• generally low standard of living.

At the beginning of 2017, the population of Tatarstan numbered three million and almost nine hundred thousand people. This is 18 thousand more than in the previous year, and 31 thousand more than according to the 2015 census.

Localities by population

As expected, the capital of the republic, the city of Kazan, leads in number. 31% of all residents of the region (1.2 million people) live there. The population of the Republic of Tatarstan by city further distributes settlements in the following order:

• Naberezhnye Chelny (13% of the population).
• Nizhnekamsk (6%).
• Almetyevsk (almost 4%).
• Zelenodolsk (2.5%).

Below is a map with symbols of cities, commensurate with the percentage of the number of residents of the municipality compared to other settlements of the republic.

The number of urban residents in Tatarstan is 76%, which indicates a high level of urbanization in the region.

National composition of residents

The population of Tatarstan is distinguished by significant national diversity. The main ethnic group is the Tatars (53% of the inhabitants), followed by the Russian population (almost 40% of the republic's inhabitants). Other groups are represented by the Chuvash, Udmurts, Mordovians, Ukrainians, Mari, Bashkirs and many more nationalities and ethnic entities. A total of 7% of the republic’s residents indicated during the census a nationality other than Tatars or Russians.

By the way, the number of indigenous people of the republic is gradually increasing. If in 1926 Tatars made up 48.7% of the population, then by 2002 the figure increased by 4.2%. The share of Russians, accordingly, decreases: from 43% in 1926 to 39.5-39.7% in 2002-2010. Tatars form a majority in 32 of the republic's 43 settlements, while Russians form a majority in 10. In another municipality, the largest population group is the Chuvash.

Other demographics

The growing population of Tatarstan is associated with high birth rates in the republic. A long-term decline was observed only in the 1990s, then the birth rate decreased in 2005. Over the past ten years, the number of births per thousand population has not been recorded as less than 10.9 people; in 2014, the birth rate was 14.8 people. (the average for Russia is 13.3).

Natural population growth in Tatarstan (as of 2014) is positive and amounts to 2.6. For comparison: in all regions this indicator is no more than 0.2. Life expectancy has been increasing since 2011 and, according to the latest data, is 72 years.

Kazan is a beautiful city, the capital of Tatarstan. Among the residents of our vast homeland there is an opinion that the population of Kazan is exclusively Muslim. This opinion is erroneous, since Russians, Tajiks, Azerbaijanis, and representatives of other nationalities live comfortably on the territory of this picturesque settlement. In this article we will find out how many people live in this beautiful, cosmopolitan city.

Tatarstan is a large republic with over 4 million inhabitants. Kazan is rightfully considered one of the historical cities of the whole world. In 2015 he turned 1010 years old. Today, this administrative center is one of the most multinational in our country, since the city is home to over 115 categories of people representing different nationalities.

Population of Kazan in 2020

According to official statistics, the population of Kazan for 2020 is 1,231,878 people. If we take this number as 100%, we get the following picture: 51% of the total is allocated to the Tatars living in this territory; 45% are Russian citizens (before 1907 this figure was 81.7%). The remaining 4% are Chuvash, Azerbaijanis, Ukrainians and representatives of other nationalities located close to the administrative center.

Historical data

In the first years after the founding of the city, the population density was approximately 20,000 inhabitants. Every year the population increased, and soon reached 100,000 people.

The positive dynamics of population growth is increasing every year. One of the key factors contributing to progression is an established fertility process. Families in the city of Kazan are large. Often parents raise at least 2 children. Another positive aspect contributing to the increase in population is that in Kazan the birth rate is higher than the death rate (the demographic situation in the region was negative until 2009).

The density and number of residents of the capital of Tatarstan is increasing due to residents who come to the city for a stable and significant income. According to official data, 70% of the city's population are people of working age. Accordingly, children and the elderly have approximately equal percentages in the population – 15% each.

Modern Kazan is a city of millions, which is divided into 7 large administrative and industrial districts. In view of these facts, there is a strong overcrowding of residents in some areas, and a large overcrowding of industrial sectors in others, respectively.

Kazan is a cozy, beautiful city with a centuries-old history, which a large number of tourists around the world want to visit. Cozy and clean local attractions attract travelers. Documentary historical facts confirm the popularity of the city at all times.

Data from Wikipedia:

The current population of Kazan is:

• 1,200,000 people (8th place in Russia) - according to the results of the 2010 All-Russian Census.
• 1,231,878 people (6th place in Russia) - registered population as of January 1, 2017.
• 1,231,878 people (6th place in Russia) - population estimate as of January 1, 2017
• 1,560,000 people - expert estimate of the size of the Kazan agglomeration, a compact spatial grouping of settlements, one of the largest in Russia.

Story

Having been founded as a northwestern outpost of the Bulgars, Kazan for a long time did not play a significant role in the life of Volga Bulgaria, and therefore it is impossible to estimate the population of the city with any accuracy. The first estimates of the population of Kazan date back to the era of the Kazan Khanate: by the middle of the 16th century, from ≈25,000 to 100,000 people, mostly Tatars by nationality, lived in the city. The subsequent capture of the city in 1552 was accompanied by complete ruin and depopulation, the population of Kazan fell many times, while the national composition of the city also changed dramatically - it became predominantly Russian.

Imperial period

According to the general census of 1738, 192,422 people lived in Kazan, which is more than in any other city of the Empire. However, although such statements are found in some sources, it is incorrect to call Kazan the largest city in Russia at that time, since in the general census the population of the city was taken into account with a county with an area of ​​​​about 5 thousand km², which also included numerous peasants from the district villages and hamlets . With some stretch, it can be said in modern terms that in the middle of the 18th century, Kazan had the most populated metropolitan area (complete urban agglomeration) in the Russian Empire.

In 1907, 81.7% of Kazan residents were Russian.

Soviet period

The revolution and the subsequent Civil War are associated with a noticeable demographic failure - in 3 years the population decreases by more than a quarter.

Subsequently, throughout the Soviet period of history, Kazan experienced significant growth. In the pre-war years of intensive industrialization, sharp growth was associated with the creation of new industrial sites in the riverine and eastern parts of the city and the command-administrative attraction of labor for their construction and subsequent work in new plants and factories. The city's population doubled.

During the Great Patriotic War, Kazan received a significant number of large factories and all-Union scientific organizations evacuated from the western and northwestern parts of the country, along with a large number of civilians. The city's population almost doubled, and after the war, a significant part of the evacuees settled in Kazan, increasing its total population by almost one and a half times.

In the following decades, the city's major growth continued due to urbanization. Due to the fact that in the rural areas of the TASSR, where the bulk of migration to the city came from, Tatars predominated, the shares of the Russian and Tatar populations leveled off, first to parity values, and by the end of the Soviet period the Tatar share began to predominate and further increase.

The millionth resident of the city was born in 1979. Contrary to the prevailing belief of even some Kazan residents, this was not achieved artificially through the annexation of the large exclave villages of Yudino and Derbyshki, which became parts of the city long (four decades) before.

Modern period

Depopulation observed since the early 1990s. in almost all Russian cities, including millionaires, did not appear in Kazan, and the city continued to grow. In the list of Russian cities by population, the city rose from 10th to 6th place. Although the birth rate continued to remain lower than the death rate until 2009 (when natural population growth was recorded), the resulting increase in the city's population was associated with the migration influx and the inclusion of new settlements within the city. At the same time, the population of the annexed territories was about 20 thousand people (about 14 thousand in 14 villages in 1998, about 2 thousand in 2 villages in 2001, about 4 thousand in 5 villages in 2008), and the population growth of the city amounted to 52 thousand people. A larger (by another 30 thousand people) increase in the city’s population due to the proposal proposed and defended in 2003-2004. The administration of the mayor of Kazan Iskhakov did not increase the territory of the city by annexing Vasilyevo and the surrounding area due to the fact that these plans met with opposition from the district authorities and were not supported by the republican leadership.

According to the master plan for the development of the city, in force since 2007, due to some further annexation of new territories to the city and the development of them and previously annexed lands through the construction of new blocks of mass multi-storey residential development and settlements of individual cottage construction, it is planned to increase the population of the city to 1 million 123 thousand in 2010, 1 million 180 thousand in 2020 and 1 million 500 thousand in 2050. In 2010, the planned indicators were exceeded - the city’s population amounted to 1 million 139 thousand.

In addition, the already partially implemented and planned further virtually continuous expansion of Kazan in the western direction (Zalesny - Orekhovka - Vasilyevo), including the construction of a 100,000-person “bedroom” multi-story satellite city “Salavat Kupere” starting in 2012 under the socio-economic program after Zalesny and the proposed creation by the republican authorities of another satellite city “Green Dol” between Vasilyevo and Zelenodolsk for 157 thousand people. , make it possible in the future to join Kazan from its agglomeration not only of Orekhovka, Vasilyevo, but also of these satellite cities and Zelenodolsk with a population of 100 thousand.

Kazan is one of the most multinational territories of Russia: representatives of over 115 nationalities live in the city. The two largest nationalities in Kazan are Russians (48.6% or 554.5 thousand people according to the 2010 census) and Tatars (47.6% or 542.2 thousand people). Also represented in the city are Chuvash (0.8% or 9.0 thousand people), Ukrainians (0.4% or 4.8 thousand people), Mari (0.3% or 3.7 thousand people). ), Bashkirs (0.2% or 1.8 thousand people), Udmurts (0.1% or 1.4 thousand people), etc.

The Russian Federation, in addition to Russian cities, also includes various republics of other nationalities. These include Tatarstan, whose population consists not only of Tatars. This state has a huge cultural heritage, the study of which is very fascinating. The cities of Tatarstan seem to be very different from each other, but at the same time they have a large number of similar features. It is these moments that we will talk about.

About the republic

Tatarstan is located in the middle Volga region. It belongs to the Volga Federal District. The area of ​​Tatarstan is limited by such regions as Ulyanovsk, Samara, Kirov and Orenburg, as well as the republics of Mari El, Chuvashia, Udmurtia and Bashkiria. The capital of this subject of the Russian Federation is the city of Kazan.

The entire area of ​​Tatarstan is about 68 thousand square kilometers. The total population is 3868.7 thousand people. Among the subjects of the Russian Federation, the republic is in seventh place in terms of the number of residents living in the territory. The population density of Tatarstan is fifty-seven people per square kilometer. This is much higher than the national average of 8.57 people per square kilometer.

In ancient times, Finno-Ugric tribes lived on the territory of this subject of the Russian Federation. They were displaced by the Bulgar communities, who were able to create their own state. But their time did not last long - the Mongol-Tatars destroyed everything. The current territory of Tatarstan was part of the Golden Horde. And only after its collapse the Kazan Khanate appeared. Ivan the Terrible included it into the Russian kingdom. Afterwards the Kazan province was created, which during the revolutions was renamed the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, the republic acquired a new name - Tatarstan.

About the settlements and main nationalities of the republic

The number of settlements, in addition to the million-plus city of Kazan, includes another twenty-six cities. Three of them (Naberezhnye Chelny, Nizhnekamsk, Almetyevsk) have more than 100 thousand inhabitants. More than 50 thousand live in settlements such as Zelenodolsk, Bugulma, Elabuga, Leninogorsk, Chistopol. The Republic of Tatarstan is incredibly multinational. Its population is diverse. It has more than 173 nationalities. Among them:

• Tatars (about 53.2% of the total population);
• Russians (39.7%);
• Chuvash (3.1%);
• Udmurts (0.6%);
• Bashkirs (0.36%);
• other nationalities (less than 3.1%).

The population size by region shows that the percentage of Tatars in almost all regions is somewhat less than that of Russians.

Kazan – the heart of the republic

The capital of any state is its pride. The same can be said about Kazan. The origin of this city is as ancient as the origin of the Republic of Tatarstan itself. It is not for nothing that in Old Slavic times the territory of the subject of the Russian Federation was called “Kazan Khanate”.

Kazan is the pearl of the Republic of Tatarstan; the population does its best to support the preservation of cultural heritage, but at the same time introduces modern features into the appearance of the city. Today, the settlement is a modern center that has not lost its former grandeur at all.

A little more than a million people live on the territory of Kazan. This is the largest city in the republic. It is predominantly populated by Russians and Tatars (approximately 48% and 47% respectively). Other nationalities are relatively rare. That is why two directions predominate in religious views: Orthodox Christianity and Sunni Islam.

Distinctive features of other cities of the republic

In addition to the million-plus city, there are other notable settlements on the territory of Tatarstan. For example, Naberezhnye Chelny. During the Soviet Union, this city was the leading city in the country in terms of production of KamAZ trucks. It was this event that turned an ordinary small town into a progressive center. In that era, the city was even renamed Brezhnev, but somehow this decision did not take root. The administration had to return the previous name.

Another very interesting city is Almetyevsk. This is the oldest settlement in the Republic of Tatarstan, whose population is a valuable bearer of the traditions and legends of the former Kazan Khanate. At the same time, Nizhnekamsk is the youngest city of the republic. But, surprisingly, it is in third place after Kazan and Naberezhnye Chelny in terms of the number of residents.

In addition to the cities listed, there are other notable settlements. All of them, even in the photo, have some kind of elusive similarity in buildings, streets and other little things. But at the same time, the difference between these cities is also felt.

Finally

Tatarstan is one of the ten largest subjects belonging to the Russian Federation. The beauty of its capital does not deteriorate over the years. The city is getting better and more modern. The population mainly consists of Russians and Tatars, so those wishing to visit this glorious republic will not have any difficulty communicating with the local residents. And their friendliness and hospitality will impress anyone.