Correctly determining the gender of nouns allows you to avoid errors in their agreement with verbs in the past tense form ( the coffee has cooled down or cooled down) and adjectives ( the coffee is delicious or delicious).
Since most often the grammatical gender of nouns does not directly correlate with the lexical meaning of the word, whether a noun is masculine, neuter or feminine has to be memorized (memorized). This is most difficult for those who study Russian as a foreign language.
Native speakers of Russian have difficulty determining grammatical gender with the following types of words:
the largest group is indeclinable borrowed nouns: coffee, cocoa, Bordeaux, whiskey, brandy, boa, brie, argot, euro, Esperanto;
foreign language geographical names: Monaco, Limpopo, Tokyo, Helsinki, Tartu, Capri, Chile, Yellow River;
abbreviations: UN, UNESCO, NATO, CIS, PRO, VAK, TASS, GLONASS.
some nouns ending in -Л in the form im. n. (doubts arise whether these words should be attributed to the second or third declension): tulle, callus, polish, roofing felt, valve.
nouns, plural form including which usually denotes a pair of shoes: shoes, boots, slippers, sandals etc.
compound nouns.
Let's look at each of these types of words in more detail.
Gender of indeclinable borrowed nouns
Most indeclinable nouns that look similar to indeclinable neuter nouns (such as sea And window), belong to the neuter gender: aromatic cocoa, aged Bordeaux, heady Chardonnay, hot cappuccino, locomotive depot, new coat, wicker flowerpot.
Word coffee strict literary norm prescribes the use of a masculine noun: the strong coffee has already cooled down. However, in casual oral speech, neuter agreement is acceptable: the coffee is cold.
It should be noted that there are many exceptions to this rule related to the influence of various analogies (such as the presence of a commonly used inflected Russian synonym; the possibility of substituting an inflected word denoting a generic concept, etc.). Thus, the masculine gender includes the words Euro(since most names of monetary units are masculine, cf.: dollar, ruble, pound, franc, tugrik...), bri, suluguni(the influence of the generic concept cheese), sirocco(the influence of the word wind), penalty(influence of the Russian synonym penalty kick). The feminine gender includes words Avenue(cf. street), kohlrabi(cabbage), salami(sausage), etc.
Some words can be used in two genders. Such words include, for example, nouns that look similar to inflected nouns in the plural form. h.: aged whiskey And aged whiskey; Armenian brandy And Armenian brandy. Therefore, in all doubtful cases, to determine the gender of a word, you should consult Russian dictionaries.
Gender of foreign geographical names
Most often, the gender of such names is determined by the generic word: distant (principality) Monaco, wide (river) Limpopo, densely populated (city) Tokyo. If you can use two different generic words, then agreement options are possible: independent (state) Haiti, independent (country) Haiti, distant (island) Haiti, beautiful (city) Brescia And beautiful (province) Brescia.
In some cases, the gender of a noun is established by tradition, so a dictionary check is required.
Gender of compound words (abbreviations)
The gender of abbreviations is usually determined by the reference word in the decoding of the abbreviation or by the generic word: NATO (alliance) decided, Moscow State University (university) accepted new students, the CIS (commonwealth) took the initiative, UNESCO (organization) declared 2009 the Year of Gogol.
Gender of nouns ending in -Л
The second declension and the masculine gender include, in particular, the following words: aerosol, polish, lampoon, vaudeville, quantile, quartile, endgame, tulle, roofing felt, flat
The third declension and feminine gender include words such as mezzanine, callus, rosin, vacuole, triplet.
Gender affiliation and belonging to the second or third declension are checked in such cases in dictionary order.
Names of shoes and paired items
Things to remember:
And also: gaiters - one gaiter, leggings - one gaiter, sideburns - one sideburn, leggings - one legging.
BUT: knee socks - one golf, rails - one rail, adjustments - one adjustment.
In addition, there is a bigender noun high boots. If in plural h. the emphasis falls on the end of the word (high boots, -ov), then the singular form is one ounce If in plural h. the emphasis falls on the stem ( high boots), form named after p.un. h. - atnta.
Compound nouns
If only one part of a noun changes by case, the gender is determined by the part being changed: personal website. If both parts of the word change in a noun, then the gender is determined by the part that is more significant in meaning.
How to decline abbreviations
What are the abbreviations?
Abbreviation It is customary to call any abbreviated word or phrase. The following types of abbreviations are distinguished:
abbreviations of the initial type (formed from the initial letters of each word in the phrase: Unified State Examination – Unified State Examination; ACS – automated control system);
syllabic abbreviations (formed from a combination of the initial parts of words, for example: state farm, collective farm);
abbreviations of a mixed type, consisting of both the initial parts of words and the initial sounds: social security, KamAZ;
abbreviations consisting of a combination of the initial part of a word with the whole word: spare parts, savings bank, organizational work;
abbreviations consisting of a combination of the initial part of a word with the oblique case form of a noun: head of the department, platoon commander, department manager;
abbreviations consisting of a combination of the beginning of the first word with the beginning and end of the second or only the ends of the second: moped(motorcycle-bicycle), destroyer(destroyer);
graphic abbreviations ( i.e. – that is, since – since).
Let's return to the initial abbreviations. From a pronunciation point of view, they are divided into three types: letters, sounds And letter-sound(mixed).
Letter abbreviations read by letter names, for example: USSR[es-es-es-er], computer[uh-we-um], Moscow State University[um-ge-u], NTV[en-te-ve].
Sound abbreviations consist of the initial sounds of the words of the original phrase, for example: Ministry of Foreign Affairs[mid], university[university], GUM[hum]. As a rule, sound abbreviations are formed when there are vowel sounds inside the abbreviation (this allows you to read the abbreviation by syllables): university(1 syllable), Moscow Art Theater(1 syllable), MGIMO(2 syllables).
Letter-sound abbreviations consist of both the names of the initial letters and the initial sounds of the words included in the original phrase: CSKA[tse-es-ka].
Abbreviations containing the sound [f] have interesting features: Germany And FSB. Originally an abbreviation Germany pronounced as a letter (that is, read by the names of the letters: [ef-er-ge]). But since the letter F in colloquial speech it is pronounced as [fe], which is explained by the economy of speech means, in particular articulatory laws (and our “linguistic laziness”, as K. S. Gorbachevich believes), then today the pronunciation of Germany is recorded as [fe-er-ge] - alphabetic abbreviation, cf.: FSB [fe-es-be] and [ef-es-be].
Behind the abbreviation USA according to tradition, the pronunciation [se-she-a] has been fixed, i.e. it is a special abbreviation: it is read by letters, but not as is customary in the literary language, but as letters WITH[es] and Sh[sha] is called colloquially.
How to decline abbreviations?
In modern Russian, all initial (consisting of the first letters of words) abbreviations ending in a vowel are not declined, for example: MSU, JSC.
Typically, abbreviations of a sound nature with a masculine reference word are declined: Moscow Art Theater, State Bolshoi Theater, GOST.
Indeclinable abbreviations include:
Initial alphabetic abbreviations: CIS, GUVD, FSB etc.;
abbreviations with a reference word of the neuter and feminine gender: TASS, MAPRYAL, gas stations, hydroelectric power stations(But Ministry of Foreign Affairs– it is permissible to incline and not to incline);
borrowed abbreviations ending in a hard consonant (for example, MAN - automobile company);
words like Head of Department, Ministry of Defense, Ministry of Education and Science, Deputy Minister, Deputy Director, Warehouse Manager etc.
In addition, abbreviations of a sound nature with a masculine reference word are often not declined in written and official business speech.
They have a constant morphological characteristic of the genus and belong to the masculine, feminine or neuter gender.
The main expression of morphological gender is extra-verbal - the endings of adjectives, participles in the position of the attribute that agree with the noun, and words with an inconstant gender marker in the position of the predicate, primarily of a verb in the past tense or conditional mood, as well as a short adjective or participle.
Masculine, feminine and neuter gender include words with the following compatibility:
General words
Some nouns ending - A, denoting signs, properties of persons, in them. items are doubly characterized by gender depending on the gender of the designated person:
your-□the ignoramus has come-□,
your ignoramus came.
Such nouns are classified as general family
There are nouns in the Russian language that denote the name of a person by profession, which, when denoting a male person, act as words of the masculine gender, that is, they attach agreed words with masculine endings; when they denote a female person, the definition is used in the masculine gender, and the predicate is used in the feminine gender (mainly in colloquial speech):
new doctor has arrived -□ (male),
a new doctor has arrived (woman).
These words are “candidates” for the general gender; their gender is sometimes called transitional to the general, but in dictionaries they are characterized as words of the masculine gender.
Ways to express gender
There are about 150 words in the Russian language that vary in gender, for example: coffee- masculine/neuter gender, shampoo- masculine/feminine.
Nouns are plural only ( cream, scissors) do not belong to any of the genders, since in the plural the formal differences between nouns of different genders are not expressed (cf.: desks - tables).
Thus, the main expression of gender is non-verbal. Intra-word gender is consistently expressed only in nouns - substantivized adjectives and participles: sentry, ice cream, dining room: in singular forms these words have endings that clearly indicate their gender. For nouns of the 2nd declension masculine and 3rd declension feminine, the entire system of their endings is specific; as for the endings of individual case forms, they may not be indicative, cf. table-□ - night-□.
For all inanimate nouns (and there are about 80% of such nouns in the language), the gender is conditional and is in no way connected with extra-linguistic reality.
Among animate nouns - names of persons or animals, gender is often associated with the gender of the designated creature, cf.: mom - dad, son - daughter, cow - bull. However, it is necessary to understand the difference between grammatical gender and ungrammatical gender. Thus, in the Russian language there are animate nouns of the neuter gender ( child, animal), in nouns - names of animals, male and female individuals are often called the same ( dragonfly, crocodile), among words - names of persons there is also not always a correspondence between gender and gender. Yes, word individual feminine, although it can mean both a woman and a man (see, for example, A.S. Pushkin: Someone wrote to him from Moscow that it was known oh person due soon A enter into legal marriage with a young and beautiful girl).
Gender of compound nouns
It is somewhat difficult to determine the gender of compound words (abbreviations) and indeclinable nouns. The following rules apply to them.
Generic characteristics abbreviations depends on what type the given compound word belongs to.
A type of abbreviation formed by adding the initial parts ( caretaker), the initial part of the first word with the second unabridged ( Sberbank) and the beginning of the first word with the beginning and/or end of the second ( trade mission - trade mission), is determined by the gender of the main word in the original phrase: good organizational work, Russian trade mission, new Sberbank.
A type of abbreviation consisting of initial sounds ( GUM) or letters ( Moscow State University), as well as mixed abbreviations in which the initial part of the first word is combined with the first letters or sounds of other words ( Glavk), is defined ambiguously. Initially, they also acquire the gender of the main word in the original phrase, for example, Bratsk hydroelectric power station. However, during the process of use, the original generic characteristic is consistently retained only by abbreviations from the first letters of the original phrase. Abbreviations consisting of the first sounds behave differently. Some of them acquire a generic characteristic in accordance with the appearance of the word. Yes, words BAM, university, MFA, NEP, registry office and some others became masculine words and acquired the ability to decline in the second declension, like nouns like house. Other abbreviations ending in a consonant with a neuter and feminine stem word may have hesitation: they may have a gender characteristic in accordance with the gender of the main word and not be inflected ( in our housing office) or, when inclined, used as masculine words ( in our housing office). Abbreviations ending in a vowel are not inflected and are predominantly neuter ( our RONO - district department of public education).
Determining the gender of indeclinable nouns
Indeclinable nouns , getting into the Russian language or being formed in it, must acquire a generic characteristic, which will manifest itself only when choosing adjectives, participles and verbs that agree with the noun.
There are the following patterns in the choice of gender characteristics by such nouns: gender depends either on the meaning of the word or on the gender of another Russian word, which is considered as a synonym or as a generic name for a given unchangeable word. For different groups of nouns, different criteria are leading.
If a noun denotes an object, then it usually acquires a neuter characteristic: coat, muffler, metro. However, feminine Avenue(because street), kohlrabi(since it's cabbage), coffee- with hesitation - masculine / neuter, masculine - penalty, euro.
If a noun denotes an animal, it is usually masculine: chimpanzee, cockatoo. Exceptions: Iwasi, Tsetse- feminine gender (since herring, fly).
If a noun denotes a person, then its gender depends on the gender of this person: words Monsieur, couturier masculine, as they denote men; words madam, mademoiselle feminine, since they denote women, and the words counterpart, incognito of a general gender, since they can designate both men and women.
If a noun denotes a geographical object, then its gender is determined by the gender of the Russian word that denotes the type of object: Tbilisi masculine, since it is city(masculine), Mississippi feminine, as it is river, Lesotho neuter, since it is state. Everything that has been said applies only to inflexible words, therefore Moscow- a noun is not masculine, but feminine, although it is a city, since it is inflected.
See Litnevskaya E.I. Russian language: short theoretical course for schoolchildren
1. Independent parts of speech:
- nouns (see morphological norms of nouns);
- verbs:
- participles;
- participles;
- adjectives;
- numerals;
- pronouns;
- adverbs;
2. Functional parts of speech:
- prepositions;
- unions;
- particles;
3. Interjections.
The following do not fall into any of the classifications (according to the morphological system) of the Russian language:
- the words yes and no, if they act as an independent sentence.
- introductory words: so, by the way, total, as a separate sentence, as well as a number of other words.
Morphological analysis of a noun
- initial form in the nominative case, singular (with the exception of nouns used only in the plural: scissors, etc.);
- proper or common noun;
- animate or inanimate;
- gender (m,f, avg.);
- number (singular, plural);
- declination;
- case;
- syntactic role in a sentence.
Plan for morphological analysis of a noun
"The baby drinks milk."
Baby (answers the question who?) – noun;
- initial form - baby;
- constant morphological features: animate, common noun, concrete, masculine, 1st declension;
- inconsistent morphological features: nominative case, singular;
- when parsing a sentence, it plays the role of subject.
Morphological analysis of the word “milk” (answers the question of whom? What?).
- initial form – milk;
- constant morphological characteristics of the word: neuter, inanimate, real, common noun, II declension;
- variable morphological features: accusative case, singular;
- direct object in the sentence.
Here is another example of how to make a morphological analysis of a noun, based on a literary source:
"Two ladies ran up to Luzhin and helped him get up. He began to knock the dust off his coat with his palm. (example from: “Luzhin’s Defense”, Vladimir Nabokov)."
Ladies (who?) - noun;
- initial form - queen;
- constant morphological features: common noun, animate, concrete, feminine, first declension;
- fickle morphological characteristics of the noun: singular, genitive case;
- syntactic role: part of the subject.
Luzhin (to whom?) - noun;
- initial form - Luzhin;
- faithful morphological characteristics of the word: proper name, animate, concrete, masculine, mixed declension;
- inconsistent morphological features of the noun: singular, dative case;
Palm (with what?) - noun;
- initial shape - palm;
- constant morphological features: feminine, inanimate, common noun, concrete, first declension;
- inconsistent morpho. signs: singular, instrumental case;
- syntactic role in context: addition.
Dust (what?) - noun;
- initial form - dust;
- main morphological features: common noun, material, feminine, singular, animate not characterized, III declension (noun with zero ending);
- fickle morphological characteristics of the word: accusative case;
- syntactic role: addition.
(c) Coat (Why?) - noun;
- the initial form is a coat;
- constant correct morphological characteristics of the word: inanimate, common noun, specific, neuter, indeclinable;
- morphological features are inconsistent: the number cannot be determined from the context, genitive case;
- syntactic role as a member of a sentence: addition.
Morphological analysis of the adjective
An adjective is a significant part of speech. Answers the questions Which? Which? Which? Which? and characterizes the characteristics or qualities of an object. Table of morphological features of the adjective name:
- initial form in the nominative case, singular, masculine;
- constant morphological features of adjectives:
- rank according to the value:
- - quality (warm, silent);
- - relative (yesterday, reading);
- - possessive (hare, mother);
- degree of comparison (for quality ones, for which this feature is constant);
- full/short form (for quality ones, for which this sign is constant);
- inconsistent morphological features of the adjective:
- qualitative adjectives vary according to the degree of comparison (in comparative degrees the simple form, in superlative degrees - complex): beautiful - more beautiful - the most beautiful;
- full or short form (qualitative adjectives only);
- gender marker (singular only);
- number (agrees with the noun);
- case (agrees with the noun);
- syntactic role in a sentence: an adjective can be a definition or part of a compound nominal predicate.
Plan for morphological analysis of the adjective
Example sentence:
The full moon rose over the city.
Full (what?) – adjective;
- initial form – full;
- constant morphological features of the adjective: qualitative, full form;
- inconsistent morphological characteristics: in a positive (zero) degree of comparison, feminine (consistent with the noun), nominative case;
- according to syntactic analysis - a minor member of the sentence, serves as a definition.
Here is another whole literary passage and morphological analysis of the adjective, using examples:
The girl was beautiful: slender, thin, blue eyes, like two amazing sapphires, looking into your soul.
Beautiful (what?) - adjective;
- initial form - beautiful (in this meaning);
- constant morphological norms: qualitative, brief;
- inconstant signs: positive degree of comparison, singular, feminine;
Slender (what?) - adjective;
- initial form - slender;
- constant morphological characteristics: qualitative, complete;
- inconsistent morphological characteristics of the word: full, positive degree of comparison, singular, feminine, nominative case;
- syntactic role in a sentence: part of the predicate.
Thin (what?) - adjective;
- initial form - thin;
- morphological constant characteristics: qualitative, complete;
- inconsistent morphological characteristics of the adjective: positive degree of comparison, singular, feminine, nominative case;
- syntactic role: part of the predicate.
Blue (what?) - adjective;
- initial form - blue;
- table of constant morphological features of the adjective name: qualitative;
- inconsistent morphological characteristics: full, positive degree of comparison, plural, nominative case;
- syntactic role: definition.
Amazing (what?) - adjective;
- initial form - amazing;
- constant characteristics of morphology: relative, expressive;
- inconsistent morphological features: plural, genitive case;
- syntactic role in a sentence: part of the circumstance.
Morphological features of the verb
According to the morphology of the Russian language, a verb is an independent part of speech. It can denote an action (to walk), a property (to limp), an attitude (to be equal), a state (to rejoice), a sign (to turn white, to show off) of an object. Verbs answer the question what to do? what to do? what does it do? what did you do? or what will it do? Different groups of verbal word forms have heterogeneous morphological characteristics and grammatical features.
Morphological forms of verbs:
- the initial form of the verb is the infinitive. It is also called the indefinite or unchangeable form of the verb. There are no variable morphological features;
- conjugated (personal and impersonal) forms;
- inconjugated forms: participles and participles.
Morphological analysis of the verb
- initial form - infinitive;
- constant morphological features of the verb:
- transitivity:
- transitive (used with accusative case nouns without a preposition);
- intransitive (not used with a noun in the accusative case without a preposition);
- repayment:
- returnable (there is -sya, -sya);
- irrevocable (no -sya, -sya);
- imperfect (what to do?);
- perfect (what to do?);
- conjugation:
- I conjugation (do-eat, do-e, do-eat, do-e, do-ut/ut);
- II conjugation (sto-ish, sto-it, sto-im, sto-ite, sto-yat/at);
- mixed verbs (want, run);
- inconsistent morphological features of the verb:
- mood:
- indicative: what did you do? what did you do? what does it do? what will he do?;
- conditional: what would you do? what would you do?;
- imperative: do!;
- time (in the indicative mood: past/present/future);
- person (in the present/future tense, indicative and imperative: 1st person: I/we, 2nd person: you/you, 3rd person: he/they);
- gender (past tense, singular, indicative and conditional);
- number;
- syntactic role in a sentence. The infinitive can be any part of the sentence:
- predicate: To be a holiday today;
- subject: Learning is always useful;
- addition: All the guests asked her to dance;
- definition: He had an irresistible desire to eat;
- circumstance: I went out for a walk.
Morphological analysis of verb example
To understand the scheme, let’s conduct a written analysis of the morphology of the verb using an example sentence:
God somehow sent a piece of cheese to the crow... (fable, I. Krylov)
Sent (what did you do?) - part of speech verb;
- initial form - send;
- constant morphological features: perfective aspect, transitional, 1st conjugation;
- inconsistent morphological characteristics of the verb: indicative mood, past tense, masculine, singular;
The following online example of morphological analysis of a verb in a sentence:
What silence, listen.
Listen (what do you do?) - verb;
- initial form - listen;
- morphological constant features: perfective aspect, intransitive, reflexive, 1st conjugation;
- inconsistent morphological characteristics of the word: imperative mood, plural, 2nd person;
- syntactic role in a sentence: predicate.
Plan for morphological analysis of verbs online for free, based on an example from a whole paragraph:
He needs to be warned.
No need, let him know next time how to break the rules.
What are the rules?
Wait, I'll tell you later. In! (“Golden Calf”, I. Ilf)
Caution (what to do?) - verb;
- initial form - warn;
- morphological features of the verb are constant: perfective, transitive, irrevocative, 1st conjugation;
- inconsistent morphology of part of speech: infinitive;
- syntactic function in a sentence: part of the predicate.
Let him know (what is he doing?) - verb part of speech;
- initial form - know;
- inconsistent verb morphology: imperative, singular, 3rd person;
- syntactic role in a sentence: predicate.
Violate (what to do?) - the word is a verb;
- initial form - violate;
- constant morphological features: imperfect form, irrevocable, transitional, 1st conjugation;
- inconstant features of the verb: infinitive (initial form);
- syntactic role in context: part of the predicate.
Wait (what will you do?) - part of speech verb;
- initial form - wait;
- constant morphological features: perfective aspect, irrevocable, transitional, 1st conjugation;
- inconsistent morphological characteristics of the verb: imperative mood, plural, 2nd person;
- syntactic role in a sentence: predicate.
Entered (what did you do?) - verb;
- initial form - enter;
- constant morphological features: perfective aspect, irreversible, intransitive, 1st conjugation;
- inconsistent morphological characteristics of the verb: past tense, indicative mood, singular, masculine;
- syntactic role in a sentence: predicate.
Particular difficulties may arise when determining the gender form of indeclinable nouns. The gender of indeclinable nouns is established on the basis of particular patterns for individual groups of words, taking into account their lexical meaning, animateness/inanimateness, and the possibility of subsuming a specific name under a generic concept.
Indeclinable animate nouns are masculine if they name a male person, and feminine if they name a female person: military attaché, famous maestro, experienced croupier, old bourgeois, polite porter, cheerful entertainer; the simple-minded ingénue, poor Mimi, the elderly madam, the stern lady, the young miss. Also classified as masculine are indeclinable nouns of foreign origin that name animals: funny pony, Australian kangaroo, beautiful cockatoo, Asian zebu, pink flamingo(except tsetse).
For inanimate indeclinable nouns, the rule is that they belong to the neuter gender: wallet, popsicle, cinema, entrechat, role, cocoa, muffler, taxi(except coffee). The neuter gender also includes proper names - the names of sports clubs ( "Dynamo", "Torpedo").
The masculine and feminine gender of inanimate nouns is determined by the grammatical gender of the noun, which denotes a general gender concept. Yes, word penalty - masculine (the generic concept is a penalty kick), and the word tsunami– feminine (generic concept – sea wave). Masculine nouns denoting names of winds ( sultry sirocco, powerful tornado), languages ( Hindi, Urdu, Swahili, Sakha). Feminine words include Avenue(street), kohlrabi(cabbage), take(pear), salami(sausage).
The gender of indeclinable geographical names is established by correlation with the noun that names the generic concept. So, Glasgow, Tbilisi, Delhi– nouns are masculine, as they relate to the word city. There are few nouns that name similar generic concepts: river (Zambezi, Po, Tahoe), lake (Ontario, Erie), state (Peru, Chile, Nicaragua), city (Batumi, Baku, Oslo, Turku), mountain (Jungfrau, Kilimanjaro, Chimborazo), desert (Kalahari, Gobi ), island (Capri, Corfu, Hokkaido), republic (Sri Lanka) etc. In some cases, the orientation towards a generic concept may be ambiguous, which leads to fluctuations in gender: Bangladesh(state, republic), Kilimanjaro(mountain, volcano). Here are the possible options: Bangladesh suffered (suffered) from a flood, Peru (suffered, suffered) from an earthquake. However, such designs are clearly artificial. Much more natural and grammatically “reliable” are such constructions in which indeclinable proper names do not act independently, but as applications to the generic name. Wed: The state of Peru was hit by an earthquake or The Republic of Peru was hit by an earthquake. In this case, the gender of the indeclinable name is practically unimportant.
Determining the gender of indeclinable compound words (abbreviations) is in principle similar to determining the gender of geographical names. You just need to focus not on the generic name, but on the core reference word of the phrase that stands for the abbreviation. So, ATS– a feminine noun, because the supporting word station in the full name “automatic telephone exchange” refers to the feminine gender, SMU – neuter (construction and installation management), traffic police– feminine (state road safety inspection), State district power station, hydroelectric power station– female (power plant), Research Institute – male (research institute), etc.
Since indeclinable abbreviations are inanimate nouns, for them, in accordance with the general rule, in principle the neuter gender can never be excluded. For example: One checkpoint they passed before the conversation about documents began ( K. Simonov. Living and dead; checkpoint checkpoint); …. let them send it to Odessa Cheka (I. Babel, The Sun of Italy); NATO intervened (North Atlantic Union). It can also be explained by grammatical analogy that the neuter gender of nouns like rono, gorono, raifo, general store etc.
Words like university, collective farm, village council are declined, therefore the gender of such words is established in the same way as for other inflected inanimate nouns.
