For two days in the village. Palaces of the Dzerzhinsky district of the Kaluga region will recreate episodes of the events of 1480. In the floodplain of the Ugra River, in the area of the Vladimir skete of the Tikhonov Monastery, military camps of Muscovite Rus' and the Great Horde will be deployed, as close as possible to the times of hostilities in 1480.
A large-scale festive event will take place on the eve of the Day of the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God, which the Russian Orthodox Church will celebrate on July 3. With the help of this image, many victories of the Russian army in confrontation with the external enemy are associated. The victory won by the Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan III in the confrontation with the Horde on the banks of the Ugra in 1480 is also connected with it, moreover, a victory won at the cost of little blood.
The head of the culture department of the Kaluga Metropolis of the Russian Orthodox Church, Father Sergius Tretyakov, told us about the Church’s attitude to this historical event:
The victory won on the banks of the Ugra in 1480 is the beginning of the formation of Russian statehood and the country's sovereignty. The year 1480 became a turning point in our history, and it is no coincidence that later the Ugra began to be called the Belt of the Most Holy Theotokos.
The Russian Orthodox Church honors this event, when, at the cost of little blood, skillful tactics of Russian soldiers in confronting an external enemy and with the intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos, they managed to win a victory.
Program for military-historical reconstruction “The Great Stand on the Ugra River in 1480”
Venue: Village of Dvortsy, Dzerzhinsky district, Kaluga region, Vladimir monastery, floodplain of the Ugra River
Vladimir monastery
12.00 - 13.00 - Grand opening of the holiday, laying flowers at the Worship Cross.
13.00 - 18.00 - Work of the museum exhibition and diorama of P.V. Ryzhenko “The Great Stand on the Ugra River”.
Floodplain of the Ugra River.
A memorial sign dedicated to the Great Stand on the Ugra River.
Site of military-historical reconstruction
Operation of interactive platforms:
Camp of the Russian Army;
Great Horde Camp;
Warrior competition;
Equestrian competitions.
Performance of folklore groups.
Vintage rides and amusements.
City of masters, master classes.
Historical fair.
Refectory.
15.00 - 15.30 - Ceremony dedicated to the 537th anniversary of the Great Stand on the Ugra River.
15.30 - 16.30 - Reconstruction of the battle between Russian and Horde troops on the Ugra River in 1480.
11.00 - 15.00 - Opening of interactive platforms:
Camp of the Russian Army;
Great Horde Camp;
Vintage rides and amusements;
Folk festival;
History Fair;
Refectory.
13.00 - 15.00 - Buhurt (reconstruction of a military competition).
15.00 - 16.00 - View. Ceremonial closing of the military-historical reconstruction “The Great Stand on the Ugra River in 1480”
16.00 - 17.00 - visit to the Vladimir monastery, museum-diorama of P.V. Ryzhenko “The Great Stand on the Ugra River”.
According to the Information Policy Department
Ministry of Internal Policy and Mass Communications
Kaluga region
The Great Stand on the Ugra lasted several months and was accompanied by local military clashes between the united Russian troops and the Horde hordes. There was no general battle. The Great Standing ended on November 11, 1480, when Akhmat left the banks of the Ugra, heading to his land, to the capital, devastated by the Russian Cossacks together with the Crimean Tatars.
This led to the birth of an independent Russian state with its center in Moscow, to the birth of Russian sovereignty. That is why Kaluga land is the birthplace of Russian sovereignty. Our statehood November 11, 2017 will be 537 years old.
After the great stand on the Ugra, neighboring countries recognized the Moscow state both legally and in fact. On the banks of the Ugra a power was born that never again lost its sovereignty. The names of the country changed (Moscow State, Russia, Russian Empire, USSR, Russian Federation), eras changed (the Great Troubles, Peter’s reforms, the Decembrist uprising, liberation reforms and counter-reformation, a series of revolutions, etc.), but, despite everything , Russian statehood has never been interrupted.
Ivan III, the conqueror of Khan Akhmat, is the founder of the sovereign Russian state.
At the present stage of social development, the problem of the sovereignty of national states comes to the fore. In the era of globalization, all national states, without exception, experience comprehensive pressure from various transnational structures, redistributing a significant part of their sovereign powers in their favor. The Russian Federation is not going to dissipate its sovereignty, maintaining it to the maximum extent possible. President of Russia V.V. Putin, patriotic forces and the state-oriented Russian elite are doing everything possible to strengthen the sovereignty of our country.
In addition to the measures being taken, a system of symbols is needed that emphasizes the value of Russia’s sovereignty. One of these symbols is a significant historical event - the Great Stand on the Ugra in 1480, the result of which was the liberation of the Russian people and other peoples of our country from the Horde yoke. The main result of this liberation was the appearance on the political map of the world of a new independent state, initially large, initially multinational. Neighboring countries recognized the Russian state with its center in Moscow both de jure and de facto. On the banks of the Ugra a power was born that never again lost its sovereignty. The names of the state changed (Moscow State, Russia, Russian Empire, USSR, Russian Federation), eras changed (the Great Troubles, Peter's reforms, the Decembrist uprising, liberation reforms and counter-reformation, a series of revolutions, etc.), but, despite everything , Russian statehood has never been interrupted.
The nationwide celebration of the anniversary of the Great Stand on the Ugra River is a celebration in honor of the birth of Russian sovereignty, in honor of the triumph of Russian statehood. It is proposed to make Kaluga, the birthplace of Russian sovereignty, the center of the celebration. In the Kaluga region, on the territory of the Vladimir monastery, there is a diorama by the famous artist Pavel Ryzhenko “The Great Standing on the Ugra”. The united Russian troops stood on this section of the Ugra coast.
November 11, 1480 - this is the day when Khan Akhmat, who lost the military campaign, left the banks of the Ugra for the devastated Sarai. The Horde forever lost power over the Russian land, which gained independence. This happened 536 years ago.
On July 13, 2019, in the floodplain of the Ugra River, near the village of Dvortsy, Dzerzhinsky District, Kaluga Region, the Military Historical Festival “The Great Stand on the Ugra River” will be held, dedicated to the events that took place here in 1480.
The festival is held as part of the implementation of the National Project “Culture” with the direct participation of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation and with the support of the All-Russian public-state organization “Russian Military Historical Society”. The organizers of the festival are the Government of the Kaluga Region, the Kaluga Diocese, the Municipal District “Dzerzhinsky District”, “Ugra National Park”.
The military-historical festival “The Great Stand on the Ugra River” dates back to 2002, when a program aimed at studying and popularizing the events of the Great Stand on the Ugra River began to be implemented in the Kaluga region.
Among the significant events in Russian history, the Great Stand on the Ugra River occupies a special place. In 1480, Khan Akhmat, in alliance with the Polish-Lithuanian king Casimir IV, launched a campaign against Russian soil. Akhmat's troops moved through Mtsensk, Odoev and Lyubutsk to Vorotynsk. Here the khan expected help from Casimir IV, but without receiving the promised help, he sent troops to the Ugra. Akhmat stood on the shore against the Russian regiments, concentrated here in advance by Ivan III. Several times Akhmat tried to break through to the other side of the Ugra, but all his attempts were stopped by Russian troops. Soon the river began to freeze. Ivan III ordered all troops to be withdrawn to Kremenets, and then to Borovsk. But Akhmat did not dare to pursue the Russians and on November 11 retreated from Ugra. The Horde's last campaign against Rus' ended in complete failure. The successors of the formidable Batu turned out to be powerless before the state united around Moscow.
The stand on the Ugra River put an end to the Tatar-Mongol yoke and became the prologue to the death of the Great Horde. It was on Kaluga land, in the floodplain of the Ugra River, that the fate of our Fatherland was decided. The Great Stand became the prologue to the birth of the Moscow state - the direct successor of which is modern Russia.
Since 2012, a military-historical festival dedicated to 1480 has been held annually on the banks of the Ugra River, the culmination of which is the reconstruction of the episode of confrontation between Moscow and Horde troops. Every year the festival becomes more and more large-scale. In 2019, the festival plans to involve more than 300 participants and 10,000 spectators. The organizers of the military-historical reconstruction and “live” history lessons on interactive platforms will be the military-historical clubs “Russian Fortress” (Moscow), “Battalion” (Kaluga), etc.
The festival will be held at two venues:
A solemn service and procession to the memorial sign dedicated to the Great Stand will take place at the Vladimir Skete. Also from 13.00 to 18.00 there will be museum expositions and a diorama of Pavel Ryzhenko.
And on the banks of the Ugra there will be a military camp. There will be military-historical sites, master classes, fairs, an exhibition of paintings by P.V. Ryzhenko “Belt of the Virgin”, city of craftsmen and refectories. Performances by folklore groups are also planned. At 14.30 a solemn ceremony dedicated to the 539th anniversary of the Great Stand will take place, and then at 15.00 the main action will begin: Russian and Horde troops will fight on the banks of the Ugra.
The military-historical festival is aimed at popularizing historical knowledge about the formation of Russian statehood and the place in this process of the events of the Great Stand on the Ugra River in 1480. The main result of the festival will be the preservation of the historical memory of a significant event in the history of Russia, which put an end to political dependence on the horde and which became the beginning of the development of a sovereign state. Turning to the epic pages of the past will help foster a sense of patriotism, responsibility for the fate of Russia and the continuity of selfless service to the Fatherland. The festival is designed to consolidate the efforts of people who are not indifferent to the preservation of the heroic pages of the country’s history, and to contribute to the development of the military-historical reconstruction movement as the most effective means of popularizing military history and patriotic values among the younger generation.
We are waiting for you July 13, 2019
at the address: Kaluga region, Dzerzhinsky district, village. Palaces,
The floodplain of the Ugra River is the supposed site of the Standing in 1480.
VILLAGE OF PALACES (KALUGA REGION), July 14 - RIA Novosti. The reconstruction of the Great Stand on the Ugra River in 1480, as a result of which Rus' gained independence from the Horde yoke, became the central event of the Days of Moscow in the Kaluga region.
The stand on the Ugra in 1480 marked the end of the Tatar-Mongol yoke in Rus'. From October 8 to November 11, 1480, the Horde tried to cross the river, but eventually abandoned their attempts when faced with resistance from Russian artillery.
The celebration began with prayer singing with the participation of Metropolitan Clement of Kaluga and Borovsk in the Vladimir monastery, on the territory that in 1480 was occupied by troops participating in the Standing.
“Today we celebrate the next anniversary of the Standing on the Ugra River, we remember the year 1480. It was here that the future of our Russian state, the future of our Russian land, our Russian people was decided, because the enemy was moving in order to put an end to the confrontation between Moscow, the Russian people, the Orthodox Church not only with the Horde - and the Polish king Sigismund wanted to quickly end Russia, with Orthodoxy,” said Metropolitan Clement, addressing those gathered after the end of the prayer service.
The main event of the celebration was the reconstruction of the events of 1480, in which about 300 reenactors from Kaluga, Moscow, Moscow region, Orel, St. Petersburg, Tula, Tatarstan and Bashkortostan took part.
According to the director of the United Museum-Reserve of the Kaluga Region, Vitaly Bessonov, who was involved in organizing the military-historical festival “The Great Stand on the Ugra River,” the event has already become traditional, and reenactors from all over Russia, involved in the Middle Ages, are proactively offering their participation.
“All this is here today so that those who come to the field will immerse themselves in the atmosphere of the 15th century and become complicit in this process,” Bessonov said.
According to him, the costumes are created specifically for the festival.
“Costumes are everything that is made by the reenactors themselves. Their peculiarity lies in the fact that each person individually recreates a certain character, a certain image, and then reconstructs this image and presents it to the public. The more accurately, the more detailed a person is immersed in the era, the more interesting is the image that he recreates. And today there are quite a lot of such specialized reenactors,” explained the director of the joint museum.
This is not the first time that reenactor Alexey from the Moscow club of military-historical reconstruction “Russian Fortress” has visited the Kaluga region. At the festival he represents the Russian army. According to him, they made all the costumes themselves.
“We focus on various sources. For example, an analogue of this belt was found in Novgorod, this element of armor is called “Boat”, it was widespread from the 10th to the 16th centuries. We sew, we study different sources - this is in the winter, and in the summer we travel to different festivals,” says Alexey.
According to Bessonov, the reconstruction has a script, but the action on the field “is unfolded by life itself.”
Life on the field
“Reconstruction is not a choreographed system. There is a certain scenario, but life itself unfolds on the field, and this is the beauty of reconstruction, we cannot predict how the battle will turn out, how it will happen. We understand some stages, but directly on the field everything happens in the mode of life,” said Bessonov, calling this a feature that distinguishes staged public events from a military history festival.
The reconstruction took place on two flanks: the Horde and Russian with the participation of cavalry and artillery (thanks to which the Russian army was able to defeat the Horde). The “highlight of the program” this year was a medieval boat, on which, according to the scenario, Persian merchants arrived, and then the Russian army rafted.
In the evening, according to reenactor Alexey, another battle will take place - this time without a mass spectator, where the battle will be fought with unsharpened weapons.
“For us, this has already become a sport - historical medieval battle,” says Alexey.
According to the governor of the Kaluga region, Anatoly Artamonov, residents of the region should be proud of the great past of the region, on the territory of which the fate of the state was repeatedly decided.
“But what is our mission, the ideas that live today on this sacred land? I think that these are two purposes that we must sacredly fulfill,” Artamonov said, speaking before the start of the reconstruction.
According to him, firstly, it is necessary to remember the great feats that were accomplished by everyone who fought here for freedom and independence. Secondly, according to Artamonov, it is necessary to correspond to their feat, “so that no one can say that anyone shed blood in vain, in vain endured all these hardships and deprivations during the implementation of their feat of arms and during the formation and development of our Russian states."
The celebration in Kaluga will continue with the laying of flowers at the monument to Ivan III, which was opened in November last year with the participation of Russian Minister of Culture Vladimir Medinsky.
The day will end with a festive concert with the participation of stars.
06.09.2019 11:43
svetsweet.livejournal.com
The idea of the Kaluga authorities - to make November 11, the Day of the end of the Great Stand on the Ugra, an all-Russian memorial date - has become one of the most discussed recently. The initiative to include this event in the federal list of memorable and holiday dates was made by Kaluga Governor Anatoly Artamonov. The bill will be considered at the autumn session of the Russian State Duma. The designers have already secured the support of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rosarkhiv, the Ministry of Culture, the Ministry of Defense, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Justice and the Institute of Legislative and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation. To date, this idea has already been supported by more than 60 Russian regions. The leadership of the Republic of Mordovia was one of the first to support this initiative. But the leadership of the Republic of Tatarstan, on the contrary, sent a negative review of this bill to the State Duma of the Russian Federation, seeing elements of extremism in it.
A heated debate also broke out on the Internet about this: whether this event should be celebrated or not. Some are unconditionally “for”, since it is patriotic and it is never superfluous to celebrate the victory of the Russian people once again. Others, on the contrary, objected, saying that they had found another holiday of “standing”; it would be better to celebrate Suvorov’s crossing of the Alps. Of course, I am in no way against the heroic transition of the Russian army under the command of the valiant generalissimo. But there are dates that stand apart in our history and that need to be known. Let's take a look into history.
We all know about the Mongol-Tatar invasion and the Golden Horde; this was sufficiently discussed in high school during Russian history lessons. They also know about the Battle of Kulikovo; textbooks even included a picture of the duel between Peresvet and Chelubey. In this regard, much less is known about the Standing on the Ugra. The Battle of Kulikovo and the Great Stand are separated by 100 years. And it is worth noting that after the battle on the Kulikovo Field, the Horde continued to raid Russian villages, ravaged, killed, deprived them of shelter, and continued to impose tribute. It was the Standing on the Ugra that completed the history of the Horde yoke on our land. After this, already in the 16th century, in memory of this event, the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Vorotyn Monastery was founded on the Ugra.
In 1462, Ivan III became the Grand Duke of Moscow, sovereign of all Rus', who would later be called the collector of Russian lands. Historians note him as a wise and cautious politician. He assumed the great reign without the khan's sanction and never communicated with the khans at all, did not negotiate, unlike his predecessors. Moreover, he stopped paying tribute to the Golden Horde. One of the historical versions says that he broke the treaty with the Horde when its ambassadors once again came for tribute and executed all but one. Thus, the conflict was a foregone conclusion, and Khan Akhmat was preparing to punish the rebellious Muscovite.
The time for the campaign against Moscow was chosen ideally: Prince Ivan found himself in a quarrel with his brothers, who were preparing to serve the Lithuanian Prince Casimir IV. At that time, the same Casimir himself invaded the territory of Pskov. I had to quickly make peace with my brothers and acquire a reliable ally in the person of the Crimean Khan Mengi-Girey, who was ready to send his troops into Lithuanian territory in the event of Lithuanian aggression against Moscow. In the summer of 1480, the entire Horde army moved to Rus'. Having learned about this, Ivan III sent his troops under the command of his son Ivan Jr. to Serpukhov, and he himself blocked the crossings of the Oka River. At the beginning of October, Akhmat’s army approached the border with the Moscow state, which ran along a tributary of the Oka - the Ugra River, and a little later the Russian army also approached there, blocking the enemy’s path to Moscow. It should be noted that the location of Ivan III’s army was very successful and made it possible to respond in a timely manner to all enemy movements.
The Great Standing on the Ugra began. Historians determine the start of this period as October 8, 1480, and the end as November 11, 1480. During this time, the Horde did not dare to move forward, being disappointed in their strength and power. They were no longer nearly as strong as before. The Russians also did not force events; the Grand Duke did not want to expose people to unnecessary danger, expecting a bloodless victory, as it happened. At that time, the prince’s confessor, Archbishop Vassian of Rostov, on the contrary, encouraged him to fight for Orthodox Christianity against the atheists, assuring him of fervent prayer for the victory of Russian weapons. The fact that the battle did not follow, the enemy retreated and no blood was shed was attributed in Rus' to the miraculous intercession of the Mother of God, who managed to preserve the Russian land. In this regard, Ugra has a new name - the belt of the Virgin Mary. Early frosts caused the Ugra to become covered with ice, and the Horde ran out of food and hay for horses. The Russians were waiting for the enemy to attack, but there was none, the enemy retreated. The army led by Grand Duke Ivan III returned to Moscow in triumph. The Horde yoke, which lasted more than two hundred years, ended.
The Great Stand on the Ugra was the final stage in the overthrow of the Mongol-Tatar yoke. And the birth of Russian sovereignty took place precisely on Kaluga soil. The famous Soviet historian Yuri Alekseev, a specialist in the history of Russia of the 14th-16th centuries, assessing this event, called it the largest event of the era. Rus' became completely independent and no longer paid tribute to anyone. Yuri Georgievich wrote that “The Russian land was saved from the Horde invasion, enormous in scope and intentions. However, in November 1480, even the most insightful and far-sighted people were hardly aware of the real significance of the events that had taken place. The victory on the Ugra in the autumn of 1480 is one of those truly great historical phenomena, the real significance of which increases over time, and awareness of their true meaning and scale comes only later.” The successful completion of the Great Stand on the Ugra was a radical change in the entire military-political situation and meant the successful resolution of the most serious and dangerous crisis. The emergence of independence in Rus' was proven by the entire course of history; it never again lost sovereignty. In honor of this event, the construction of the Spasskaya Tower of the Moscow Kremlin was started.
Many scientists believe that the Great Stand on the Ugra marked the beginning of a new era. From that time on, the historical rise of Rus' began, and the previously paid tribute to the horde and the mechanism for collecting it were henceforth used for their own needs. However, there is evidence that raids on Russian cities continued after this event and there were facts of tribute.
I think that I will be excused for such a long interpretation of events. I just wanted to emphasize its uniqueness. All other victories for the glory of the Russian land, which took place at sea and on land, came later. And the starting point was the Great Stand on the Ugra. Based on this, many modern historians believe that the initiative to make the Day of the End of the Standing on the Ugra a federal memorial date has a basis. True, discrepancies sometimes arise between them.
Deputy Director of the Research Institute of Humanities under the Government of the Republic of Mordovia, Scientific Secretary, Doctor of Historical Sciences Evgeniy Bikeikin shared his opinion on this matter with us.
Dates like this can rightfully be called one of the most important in the history of Russian statehood. The events of 1480 significantly influenced the subsequent development of our country. And modern historians break their spears, as a rule, in the field of certain interpretations. Some associate it with the end of the yoke, others argue that there was no yoke at all. There is another very interesting version regarding the events of 1480, according to which it is worth talking not about the “collapse of the yoke,” which simply did not exist, but about the creation of a system of opposing political alliances between the states that arose from the ruins of the Golden Horde: the Grand Duchy of Moscow, Crimean and Kazan khanates, Nogai Horde. But the fact remains: there was a stand on the Ugra, called great, and it is recorded in historical documents. Its reality leaves no one in doubt, as is the importance of the event. I believe that the initiative to make November 11th the Day of the End of the Standing on the Ugra, celebrated at the federal level, undoubtedly has a basis.
The question arises: why did the idea of marking this memorable date appear right now? Where was historical memory before? Evgeniy Nikolaevich Bikeikin explains this by the emerging problem of preserving and reproducing historical memory, which is currently quite acute. Some representatives of our youth do not know their history, do not know about the glorious path of their ancestors, or have forgotten about it. And now there is a great need to focus the attention of society and, first of all, young people on the most important events of national history, including in this way. All this will contribute, according to the scientist, to instilling patriotism in the younger generation. Dates associated with our country’s military past in this matter are of particular importance and perspective. Probably, this date will be indicated in the programs of schools and universities, events dedicated to this event will be held, there will be lectures telling the younger generation about the Great Stand on the Ugra.
The establishment in Russia of a memorial date for the Great Stand on the Ugra River was disapproved of in Tatarstan. President Rustam Minnikhanov opposed its establishment at the federal level. The parliament of the republic saw elements of extremism in the proposed bill, arguing that the appearance of such a holiday would have a strong negative connotation.
Evgeniy Bikeikin is an outspoken opponent of the politicization of science in general, and history in particular. And in this case, unfortunately, this is what happens. He does not understand why this event could cause such controversy.
Perhaps the fact that this date is associated with the overthrow of the yoke played a role?! Meanwhile, the draft federal law regarding it says that November 11 is the Day of the victorious end of the great Standing on the Ugra River in 1480. The end of the yoke is not mentioned in the title. In this case, we must first of all talk about an event that had a significant impact on the formation of a single Russian centralized state. Shifting the discussion of the issue under consideration into the political plane is not constructive, and therefore it is unnecessary to comment on the position of the parliamentarians of Tatarstan. And again, if we put aside emotions, we will see that the event under discussion took place, it was important, cornerstone and had a noticeable impact on the subsequent history of Russia and the peoples living on its territory.
The author completely agrees with Evgeniy Nikolaevich that dates associated with the glorious past of our country are very important and must be remembered. And, perhaps, the establishment of a new all-Russian memorial date will serve a good cause - they will once again remind our citizens of the glorious past of the country in which they live. And the Great Stand on the Ugra is not at all a pioneer among “immortalized” dates. For example, on April 18 we celebrate the Victory Day of the soldiers of Alexander Nevsky over the German knights on Lake Peipsi (Battle of the Ice, 1242), August 9 is the Day of the first naval victory in Russian history of the Russian fleet under the command of Peter the Great over the Swedes at Cape Gangut (1714 ), September 8 is the Day of the Borodino battle of the Russian army under the command of M.I. Kutuzov with the French army (1812), and September 11 is the Day of the victory of the Russian squadron under the command of F.F. Ushakov over the Turkish squadron at Cape Tendra (1790) . And recently, on September 2, we, together with the whole world, celebrated the Day of the end of the Second World War (1945). So the idea of the Kaluga authorities is not new, they just decided to continue the glorious tradition.
Semyon MIKHAILEVICH
When working on the material, historical research by Yuri Georgievich Alekseev and other Internet sources were used.
