The final stage is the creation of a unified Russian state. Lesson outline on the topic: “The final stage of creating a unified Russian state”

Name of the cathedral

Date of construction

A. Spassky Cathedral of the Spaso-Andronikov Monastery

1. 1399

B. Church of the Deposition of the Robe of Our Lady p. Warts on Sheksna

2. 1485

V. Cathedral of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary on Gorodok

3. 1292

G. Church of the Savior on Ilyin Street

4. 1427

D. Church of St. Nicholas on Lipka near Novgorod

5. 1374

E. Trinity Cathedral of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra

6. 1423

b https://accounts.google.com

Slide captions:

Presentation by a student of 9th grade: Nesterenko Ksenia Reform activities of Pyotr Nikolaevich Wrangel

Petr Nikolaevich Wrangel P.N. Wrangel (1878 - 1928) – baron, graduated from the Mining Institute in 1901. He served in Irkutsk as an official for special assignments under the Governor General. He graduated from the Nikolaev Academy of the General Staff and served in the guard. Participated in the Russo-Japanese War. During the First World War he commanded a regiment, brigade, and division. Since 1918, Wrangel fought in Denikin’s troops and commanded the Caucasian and Volunteer armies. Having become the head of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia, he developed a set of measures aimed at creating a broad social base for his movement.

He received the nickname “Black Baron” for his traditional everyday dress - a black Cossack Circassian coat with gazyrs. Black Baron Wrangel

With the support of the head of the Government of the South of Russia, the prominent economist and reformer A.V. Krivoshein, developed a number of legislative acts on agrarian reform. The basis of his land policy was the provision that most of the land belonged to peasants. He advocated a federal structure for the future Russia. He was inclined to recognize the political independence of Ukraine. P.N. Wrangel:

Wrangel, trying to win over the Cossacks, approved a new provision of autonomy for the Cossack lands. Workers were promised new factory legislation that would protect their rights. During the last phase of the Volunteer Army, an attempt was made to rethink the ideology and politics of the white movement. This attempt was made by General Wrangel, who at the beginning of April 1920 was elected commander-in-chief and evacuated troops to Crimea.

He recognized the legal seizure of landowners' lands by peasants in the first years after the revolution. Despite all the progressive measures, the whites in the person of the commander-in-chief did not gain the trust of the population, and the material and human resources of Crimea were depleted. During six months of 1920, P. N. Wrangel, Ruler of the South of Russia and Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army, tried to take into account the mistakes of his predecessors, boldly made previously unthinkable compromises, and tried to win over various segments of the population to his side. Wrangel's policy in Crimea

SUBMISSION OF THE NOVGOROD REPUBLIC

The final stage of creating a unified state took approximately 50 years and occurred during the reign of Ivan III (1462–1505) and his son Vasily III (1505–1533).

Along with the Moscow Principality, Novgorod remained the largest state entity. His boyars, maneuvering, maintained their privileges and independence of the Novgorod Republic.

In the fight against Moscow, part of the boyars and clergy began to call for the transfer of Novgorod to the protection of Lithuania. This orientation was regarded as anti-national and was extremely unpopular, since the Novgorodians themselves perceived Novgorod as part of the Russian lands.

In 1471, Ivan III launched a campaign against Novgorod, which took on the character of an all-Russian militia against “traitors to Christianity.” Having won the battle on the river. Shelone Novgorod militia, Ivan III dealt with many representatives of the nobility, taking away their lands and sending them to the central regions of the country. However, the independence of Novgorod was still preserved.

After 1471, the situation in Novgorod further worsened, and in 1478, after a seven-year diplomatic and military struggle, Ivan III managed to subjugate the Novgorod Republic. Its independence was liquidated, the veche was dissolved, the veche bell was taken to Moscow, and a governor was installed in Novgorod.

At first, Ivan III pledged not to touch the estates of the Novgorodians, except for his obvious enemies. However, confiscations soon began. The lands were taken away from the majority of Novgorod feudal lords, 87% of the lands changed their owners during this time. The lands of the Novgorod patrimonial people evicted to the central regions were given to Moscow service people.

OVERTHEAL OF THE MONGOL-TATAR Yoke

Already in 1476, Ivan III refused to travel to the Horde and send tribute. In 1480, the Khan of the Great Horde (the main heir of the former Horde power) Akhmat moved to Rus'. However, the troops of Ivan III did not allow him to cross the river. Ugru (tributary of the Oka). The Horde's ally, the Grand Duke of Lithuania Casimir IV, never approached. Not daring to take decisive action, Akhmat withdrew his troops. Soon he was killed, and the Golden Horde finally ceased to exist.

Thus the bloodless “standing on the Ugra” ended the Horde yoke that lasted 240 years. His overthrow was largely the result of Ivan III's diplomatic skill.

However, there were still dangerous neighbors that grew out of the Golden Horde - the Crimean, Kazan, Astrakhan khanates, the struggle with which continued for a long time.

COMPLETION OF THE UNIFICATION OF THE RUSSIAN LAND BY THE FIRST THIRD OF THE XVI CENTURY.

Already by the mid-70s. XV century The Yaroslavl and Rostov principalities were finally annexed to Moscow, and in 1485, as a result of a military campaign, the Tver principality. From now on, the overwhelming part of the northeastern Russian lands was part of the Grand Duchy of Moscow. In general, a single independent Russian state was created. With the annexation of the northern possessions of Novgorod and Vyatka land (1489), the non-Russian peoples of the North and North-East became part of a single state.

Ivan III began to call himself the sovereign of all Rus'. Ivan III adopted the Byzantine double-headed eagle as his state emblem.

The policy of Ivan III was continued by his son Vasily III (1505–1533). Under him, Pskov (1510) and Ryazan land (1521) were annexed. As a result of successful wars with Lithuania at the end of the 15th - beginning of the 16th centuries. Smolensk and partially Chernigov lands were annexed. The Russian state reached the upper reaches of the Dnieper, its border was only 50–80 km from Kyiv.

Thus, in the first quarter of the 16th century. The annexation of Russian lands that were not part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania to Moscow was completed. The territory of the state covered the eastern and northern parts of the former ancient Russian lands. Within the framework of this state, the Russian (Great Russian) nationality took shape. In the western Russian lands, which came under the rule of Lithuania and Poland, the formation of the Ukrainian and Belarusian nationalities was underway.

From the end of the 15th century. The Russian state began to be called “Russia” - a name derived from the Byzantine, Greek name for Rus'.

Methodological development is a lesson summary for the specified topic. Based on knowledge about the characteristics of a state, students prove that under Ivan III a centralized state was formed. Problem-based learning method, group work method and case method are used

Download:

Preview:

The final stage of the creation of a unified Russian state under Ivan III and Vasily III.

Objective of the lesson: Formation in students of a holistic understanding of the formation of a single state under Ivan III and Vasily III.

Tasks:

Educational: ensure students’ awareness of the goal, causing them to have a personal, interested attitude towards its achievement; trace the process of completing the unification of Russian lands around Moscow; find out how the Mongol-Tatar yoke was overthrown.

Educational: develop independent thinking activity of students. Develop the ability to use techniques of comparison, generalization, and draw conclusions; analytical abilities; cartographic skills and skills in working with text and historical sources.

Educators: cultivate an active citizenship position; feeling of patriotism; maintain interest in the past of your country.

Equipment

Handout material. (Case)

Multimedia projector;

Screen;

Textbook on Russian history

Lesson type: final lesson

Type of lesson: practical lesson , designed for 1 lesson

Technologies: problem-based learning, case technology,information technology, person-centered approach, health-saving technologies (change of activities, non-standard lesson)

Leading task:Several students receive individual assignments:

prepare a message about the history of the Russian coat of arms

choose illustrations based on the activities of your groups

Planned results:

In the process of mastering the topic, the formation of the following competencies is proposed:

receiving and processing information; using individual parts of tasks and linking them together, the ability to work in a group.

Form of organization of student activities:individual and group

Technological map of the lesson

Lesson plan

1. Organizational stage

Goal setting. (introduction by teacher)- updating the topic of the lesson, its practical significance, educational value, communicating the goal, lesson plan, creating a friendly atmosphere.

Teacher: In 1487, the German knight Nikolai Poppel spoke in Nuremberg about his discovery: during a trip to northeastern Europe, he discovered a strong, independent state - Muscovy. Emperor Frederick III and the princes of the Holy Roman Empire listened to him in amazement. Merchants and geographers knew, of course, about the existence of the Grand Duchy of Moscow. The information about the strength of the young state, about its independence, wrested from the Tatar Khan, was unexpected. The surprise was pleasant for the emperor, because the Polish Jagiellons were pressing on the borders of the empire, and Muscovy, according to Poppel, was a long-time enemy of Lithuania and Poland. The knight-traveler was immediately sent back to Moscow, where he appeared at the beginning of 1489 as the imperial ambassador. Frederick III proposed concluding a marriage between Ivan's daughter and the imperial nephew, Margrave Albrecht of Baden, and annexing Moscow into the Holy Roman Empire by granting the Grand Duke a royal title. The ambassador was surprised that the proposal was proudly rejected. Poppel was informed on behalf of the Grand Duke that the Moscow sovereigns, “ordained by God,” never asked for “ordination” from anyone, and still do not need it now.

So, the process of completing the formation of the Russian state occurs during the reign of Ivan III (1462-1505) and Vasily III (1505-1533). Ivan III of Moscow, Grand Duke, is one of the greatest figures in history. For his era, he was a fearless reformer, a builder of a new system of state and social relations. He created a strong army, a single set of laws for the entire country, destroyed the yoke of the Golden Horde, and made Russia a full participant in European politics. Ivan III stands at the origins of two key phenomena in Russian history: autocracy and serfdom. And it was then that our country received the name “Russia”

Statement of the problem:Is it really true in Russia in the 15th-16th centuries? was a centralized state formed?

The class is divided into groups and instructions are given. Each group has at its disposal: a sheet of whatman paper, markers, glue, and case materials. The task of the groups is to prove that Russia in the XV-XVI centuries. was on the path to forming a centralized state. Fill out the table during the lesson“The final stage of creating a unified Russian state”

2. Learning new material

To answer the question: Is Russia really in the XV-XVI centuries. was on the way to forming a centralized state, it is necessary to remember

Prerequisites for the unification of a single state.

signs of a single state (presentation1)

Entry in notebooks:

Subject:

“The final stage of the creation of a unified Russian state under Ivan III and Vasily III.”

The process of completing the formation of the Russian state occurred during the reign of Ivan III (1462-1505) and Vasily III (1505-1533).

Prerequisites for the formation of a unified state in Rus' in the XIV-XV centuries.

1.Economic

Establishing stability and order in the country

Favorable environment for unhindered trade.

Strengthening of possessions by boyars and nobles; preservation of the dependent peasantry.

2. Political

The presence of autocracy of the Moscow prince;

The trend towards the elimination of independent principalities and fiefs.

Strengthening the nobility by limiting the power of the old aristocracy (the interests of the service class).

3. Foreign policy (external threat)

The need for final liberation from the Mongol yoke;

The presence of a constant threat from the West and East.

4.Religious

Preservation by the Orthodox Church of the unity of the people between different parts of the country;

Strengthening the economic and moral positions of the church.

Table “The final stage of creating a unified Russian state”

Work in groups:

Assignment for group 1 “geographers” (1st characteristic of a state - territory)

Based on the proposed materials, compile a comparative table “Territories annexed under Ivan III and Vasily III,”

Assignment for group 2 (3rd characteristic of the state - army)Answer the questions based on the materials provided.

Assignment for group 3 (3rd feature of the state - public power, administrative apparatus)

Based on the proposed materials, draw up a state management scheme.

Assignment for group 4 (5. characteristic of a state - publication of legal norms.)

Assignment for group 5 (6. sign of a state - sovereignty, state symbols)

Based on the proposed materials, draw up a diagram “Main directions of foreign policy”

Main directions of foreign policy

Western Eastern

Message about state symbols

3. Summing up.

Russia in the XV-XVI centuries. was on the way to completing the formation of a centralized state. The undertakings of Ivan III will be continued and completed by his son Vasily III. So, the process of completing the formation of the Russian state occurs during the reign of Ivan III (1462-1505) and Vasily III (1505-1533). Ivan III of Moscow, Grand Duke, is one of the greatest figures in history. For his era, he was a fearless reformer, a builder of a new system of state and social relations. He created a strong army, a single set of laws for the entire country, destroyed the yoke of the Golden Horde, and made Russia a full participant in European politics. Ivan III stands at the origins of two key phenomena in Russian history: autocracy and serfdom. And it was then that our country received the name “Russia”

4. Reflection.

The lessons of history are always important for us, history is not a frozen science, it continues to teach its descendants. Why do you think the events of those distant times are important and relevant for us today?

4.Homework.

Write an essay

Test on the topic

Option 1.

1) development of crafts and trade 3) struggle of princes for power

2) strengthening the power of the Tver princes 4) developing a system of defensive lines

2. Which of the following is one of the reasons for the rise of Moscow?

1) favorable geographical location

2) the successful struggle of the Moscow princes with the khans of the Golden Horde

3) support of Moscow by the Lithuanian princes

4) Moscow has no rivals

3.Name the founder of the dynasty of Moscow princes

1) Daniil Alexandrovich 3) Alexander Nevsky

2) Ivan Kalita 4) Dmitry Donskoy

4. Where did Dmitry Donskoy receive his blessing for the battle with the Horde?

1) in the Trinity - Sergius Lavra 3) in the Cathedral of Christ the Savior

2) in the Alexander Nevsky Lavra 4) in the St. Sophia Cathedral

5. When did the Battle of Kulikovo take place?

6. In the Battle of Kulikovo the Tatar army was led by:

a) Genghis Khan; b) Tamerlane; c) Mamai.

7. In what year did the raid on Moscow by Khan Tokhtamysh take place?

1) 1380 2) 1381 3) 1382 4) 1384

8. Under which Grand Duke was the process of political unification of Russian lands completed?

1) Vasily III 2) Ivan III 3) Ivan Kalita 4) Ivan the Terrible

9. In what year did the battle on the Shelon River take place?

1) 1470 2) 1471 3) 1472 4) 1473

10. The autocrat’s head was crowned with:

1) crown 3) hat of Yaroslav the Wise

2) royal wreath 4) Monomakh's hat

11. What is the name of the event that occurred on November 11, 1480?

1) Battle of the Ice 3) Battle of Kulikovo

2) Battle of the Neva 4) “standing on the Ugra River”

12. The central government bodies of Russia at the beginning of the 16th century - the beginning of the 18th century were called:

1) orders 2) ministries 3) boards 4) departments

13. In what year was the Code of Laws, the first set of laws of a unified state, published?

1) in 1497 2) in 1495 3) in 1493 4) in 1487

14. What is the name of the tax collected from peasants who did not have to pay when leaving their owner?

1) feeding 2) tax 3) elderly 4) rent

15. Events of the second quarter of the 15th century. are called:

a) feudal war; b) feudal dismantling; c) feudal "zamyatnya".

16. One of the results of the reign of Ivan III was
a) conquest of access to the Black Sea b) conquest of Western Siberia
c) annexation of Veliky Novgorod to Moscow d) annexation of the Kazan Khanate

17.Who (what) is odd in the row, explain why:

Tsar, Boyar Duma, appanage princes, treasury and palace, governors and volostels;

18.

What was the historical significance of the Battle of Kulikovo? (at least three positions)

Test on the topic"Formation of a unified Russian state"

Option 2.

1. One of the prerequisites for the unification of Russian lands was

1) threat of invasion from the West 3) development of foreign trade

2) development of patrimonial land ownership 4) development of culture

2. The main merit of Ivan Kalita according to his contemporaries:

a) the unification of Russian lands by Moscow;

b) establishing peace and order in North-Eastern Rus';

c) destruction of the Mongol-Tatar yoke.

3. Moscow’s rival was the city:

1) Tver 2) Ryazan 3) Novgorod 4) Vladimir

4. Why did Ivan Danilovich receive the nickname “Kalita”?

1) for the purse that he wore in his belt 3) for wastefulness

2) for greed 4) for generosity

5. According to legend, the Battle of Kulikovo was started by:

1) Weasel and Temuchin 3) Arab Pasha and Dmitry Ivanovich

2) Chelubey and Peresvet 4) Ivan Danilovich and Uzbek

6. Dmitry Donskoy received this nickname because:

1) lived on the Don River

2) annexed the lands located beyond the Don

3) in honor of the victory over the Mongols - Tatars

4) used the river to develop the economy

7. In what year did the Battle of Grunwald take place?

1) 1410 2) 1411 3) 1412 4) 1413

8. Why did Vasily II receive the nickname “Dark”?

1) was illiterate 3) wore dark-colored clothes

2) was blinded 4) was not far-sighted

9. In what year did Ivan’s second campaign take place? III to Novgorod?

1) 1478 2) 1779 3) 1480 4) 1481

10. Which Grand Duke proclaimed himself an autocrat?

1) Ivan III 2) Vasily I 3) Ivan IV 4) Vasily III

11. Under which Mongol khan did the “standing on the Ugra River” take place?

1) Temuchine 2) Batu 3) Akhmat 4) Mamae

12. What role did the Boyar Duma play in Russia in the 16th – early 18th centuries?

1) the highest advisory body under the ruler

2) estate-representative governing body

3) the first Russian parliament

4) governing body dealing with economic issues

13. On what day could the peasants leave their landowner for another?

1) Andreev 2) Vasiliev 3) Yuryev 4) Ilyin

14. What was the name of the procedure for filling senior positions depending on the nobility of the family?

1) feeding 2) localism 3) feeding 4) elderly

15 . Metropolitan under Vasily II was elected:

a) Maxim; b) Peter; c) Alexy d) Ion

16.The two-headed coat of arms of the Russian state appeared during:

a) Ivan Kalita; b) Dmitry Donskoy; c) IvanIII.

17. Who (what) is odd in the row, explain why :

Mamai, Dmitry Ivanovich, Peresvet, Tokhtamysh.

18. Give a complete answer to the question:

Listconsequencescreation of a unified Russian state (at least three)