Colors of the planets of the solar system for children. What color are the planets in the solar system? Geocentric and heliocentric systems

This is a system of planets, in the center of which there is a bright star, a source of energy, heat and light - the Sun.
According to one theory, the Sun was formed along with the Solar System about 4.5 billion years ago as a result of the explosion of one or more supernovae. Initially, the solar system was a cloud of gas and dust particles, which, in motion and under the influence of their mass, formed a disk in which new star The sun and our entire solar system.

To the center solar system There is the Sun, around which nine large planets revolve in orbits. Since the Sun is displaced from the center of planetary orbits, during the cycle of revolution around the Sun the planets either approach or move away in their orbits.

There are two groups of planets:

Terrestrial planets: And . These planets are small in size with a rocky surface and are closest to the Sun.

Giant planets: And . These are large planets, consisting mainly of gas and characterized by the presence of rings consisting of icy dust and many rocky chunks.

But does not fall into any group because, despite its location in the solar system, it is located too far from the Sun and has a very small diameter, only 2320 km, which is half the diameter of Mercury.

Planets of the Solar System

Let's begin a fascinating acquaintance with the planets of the solar system in order of their location from the Sun, and also consider their main satellites and some others space objects(comets, asteroids, meteorites) in the gigantic expanses of our planetary system.

Rings and moons of Jupiter: Europa, Io, Ganymede, Callisto and others...
The planet Jupiter is surrounded by a whole family of 16 satellites, and each of them has its own unique features...

Rings and moons of Saturn: Titan, Enceladus and others...
Not only the planet Saturn has characteristic rings, but also other giant planets. The rings around Saturn are particularly visible because they are made up of billions of fine particles, which revolve around the planet, in addition to several rings, Saturn has 18 satellites, one of which is Titan, its diameter is 5000 km, which makes it the most great companion Solar system...

Rings and moons of Uranus: Titania, Oberon and others...
The planet Uranus has 17 satellites and, like other giant planets, there are thin rings surrounding the planet that have practically no ability to reflect light, so they were discovered not so long ago in 1977, completely by accident...

Rings and moons of Neptune: Triton, Nereid and others...
Initially, before the exploration of Neptune by the Voyager 2 spacecraft, two satellites of the planet were known - Triton and Nerida. An interesting fact is that the Triton satellite has the opposite direction orbital movement, strange volcanoes were also discovered on the satellite, which erupted nitrogen gas like geysers, spreading a dark-colored mass (from liquid to vapor) many kilometers into the atmosphere. During its mission, Voyager 2 discovered six more moons of the planet Neptune...

In this article we will talk about an interesting and practical topic - this correspondence of colors and planets.

So, each planet has a specific color. Below I will list the main characteristics.

Sun - orange.

The sun is an indicator of health, father, self-confidence, proper nutrition, social advancement, ego. By using the color orange you are filled with the vibrations of the above. In addition, the orange color motivates to get away from the “irritant” and retire.

The moon is white, milky in color.

White color calms and allows you to relax. If your bedroom is white, then being in its space will make you more relaxed. What background is most favorable for reading? That's right - white. This color is good to use when you need to concentrate and be attentive.

Mars is red.

The color red gives strength and activity, is an “irritant” and a motive that induces action. This color gives an impetus to action and attracts attention. If you want to attract attention or highlight your project, use red.

Mercury is green.

Mercury is responsible for the intellect, so use this color to help you process everything faster. This color also simplifies negotiations and communication. Why not make a meeting room and a child’s room in green tones?)

Jupiter is yellow.

Jupiter is responsible for knowledge, wisdom, learning, development. If you use this color, you can encourage yourself or others to the aspects of this planet. But be careful, if a person is initially passive and lazy, then this will put pressure on his psyche.

Venus is blue.

This is the color of creativity. It can be used to attract a romantic nature, woman and companion into your life.

Saturn is black.

If you want to reproduce the effect of a serious person and artificially dominate your interlocutor, use this color. Have you noticed that businessmen and serious people love black? It really gives structure. The other side is mental heaviness, stagnation, sadness. Dear ladies, please don't always wear black. This attracts sadness into your life.

Ketu is the color purple.

Ketu is the planet of spirituality and transformation. You can use this color if you want to expand your consciousness, but you need to be careful because the downside of this is schizophrenia and severe anxiety.

Rahu - variegated colors.

Usually I use these colors again to attract attention, but they quickly get boring. Example - you saw a bright banner on the way to work, but after a week it became uninteresting, well, a banner is just a banner.

Mixing colors you can get interesting effects. For example, turquoise blue = blue + a little green. Through the use of this color comes physical calm. Additionally, this color reduces aggression and strengthens emotional stability.

Second example. Brown = red + green (red + yellow + blue). This color evokes calm and reliability. Brown in dark shades can lead to gloominess, but in light shades it will give a feeling of security. People wearing these shades generally have a strong and calm character or simply don't want to stand out from the crowd.

Play with colors and get the desired effect!

> Planets

Explore everything planets of the solar system in order and study the names, new scientific facts And interesting features surrounding worlds with photos and videos.

The solar system is home to 8 planets: Mercury, Venus, Mars, Earth, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. The first 4 belong to the inner solar system and are considered terrestrial planets. Jupiter and Saturn are the major planets of the solar system and representatives gas giants(huge and filled with hydrogen and helium), and Uranus and Neptune are ice giants (large and represented by heavier elements).

Previously, Pluto was considered the ninth planet, but since 2006 it has become a dwarf planet. This dwarf planet was first discovered by Clyde Tomb. It is now one of the largest objects in the Kuiper Belt, a collection of icy bodies on the outer edge of our system. Pluto lost its planetary status after the IAU (International Astronomical Union) reconsidered the concept itself.

According to the IAU decision, a solar system planet is a body that performs an orbital passage around the Sun, endowed with sufficient mass to form into a sphere and clear the area around it of foreign objects. Pluto could not meet the last requirement, and therefore became dwarf planet. Other similar objects include Ceres, Makemake, Haumea and Eris.

With a small atmosphere, harsh surface features and 5 satellites, Pluto is considered the most complex dwarf planet and one of the most amazing planets in our solar system.

But scientists have not given up hope of finding the mysterious Planet Nine, after they announced in 2016 a hypothetical object that exerts its gravity on bodies in the Kuiper Belt. According to its parameters, it is 10 times the mass of the Earth and 5000 times more massive than Pluto. Below is a list of planets of the solar system with photos, names, descriptions, detailed characteristics and interesting facts for children and adults.

Variety of planets

Astrophysicist Sergei Popov about gas and ice giants, double star systems and single planets:

Hot planetary coronas

Astronomer Valery Shematovich on the study of gaseous shells of planets, hot particles in the atmosphere and discoveries on Titan:

Terrestrial planets of the solar system

The first 4 planets from the Sun are called planets earth type because their surface is rocky. Pluto also has a solid surface layer (frozen), but it is classified as a dwarf planet.

Gas giant planets of the solar system

There are 4 gas giants living in the outer solar system, as they are quite huge and gaseous. But Uranus and Neptune are different because they have more ice. That's why they are also called ice giants. However, all gas giants have one thing in common: they are all made of hydrogen and helium.

The IAU has put forward a definition of a planet:

• The object must be orbiting the Sun;
• Have sufficient mass to take the shape of a ball;
• Clear your orbital path of foreign objects;

Pluto could not meet the latter requirement, since it shares its orbital path with a huge number of Kuiper Belt bodies. But not everyone agreed with the definition. However, dwarf planets such as Eris, Haumea and Makemake appeared on the scene.

Ceres also lives between Mars and Jupiter. It was noticed in 1801 and considered a planet. Some still consider it the 10th planet of the solar system.

Dwarf planets of the solar system

Formation of planetary systems

Astronomer Dmitry Vibe about rock planets and giant planets, variety of planetary systems and hot Jupiters:

Planets of the Solar System in order

The following describes the characteristics of the 8 main planets of the Solar System in order from the Sun:

The first planet from the Sun is Mercury

Mercury is the first planet from the Sun. Rotates in an elliptical orbit at a distance of 46-70 million km from the Sun. It takes 88 days for one orbital flight, and 59 days for an axial flight. Due to its slow rotation, a day spans 176 days. The axial tilt is extremely small.

With a diameter of 4887 km, the first planet from the Sun reaches 5% of the Earth's mass. Surface gravity is 1/3 of Earth's. The planet is practically devoid of an atmospheric layer, so it is hot during the day and freezes at night. The temperature ranges between +430°C and -180°C.

There is a crater surface and an iron core. But its magnetic field is inferior to that of the earth. Initially, radar indicated the presence of water ice at the poles. The Messenger apparatus confirmed the assumptions and found deposits at the bottom of craters, which are always immersed in shadow.

The first planet from the Sun is located close to the star, so it can be seen before dawn and just after sunset.

• Title: Messenger of the gods in the Roman pantheon.
• Diameter: 4878 km.
• Orbit: 88 days.
• Length of day: 58.6 days.

The second planet from the Sun is Venus

Venus is the second planet from the Sun. Travels in an almost circular orbit at a distance of 108 million km. It comes closest to Earth and can reduce the distance to 40 million km.

The orbital path takes 225 days, and the axial rotation (clockwise) lasts 243 days. Day covers 117 earthly days. The axial tilt is 3 degrees.

In diameter (12,100 km), the second planet from the Sun is almost identical to the Earth’s and reaches 80% of the Earth’s mass. The gravity indicator is 90% of Earth's. The planet has a dense atmospheric layer, where the pressure is 90 times higher than Earth's. The atmosphere is filled with carbon dioxide with thick sulfur clouds, creating a powerful greenhouse effect. It is because of this that the surface warms up by 460°C (the hottest planet in the system).

The surface of the second planet from the Sun is hidden from direct observation, but scientists managed to create a map using radar. Covered by large volcanic plains with two huge continents, mountains and valleys. There are also impact craters. A weak magnetic field is observed.

• Discovery: The ancients saw without the use of tools.
• Name: Roman goddess responsible for love and beauty.
• Diameter: 12104 km.
• Orbit: 225 days.
• Day length: 241 days.

The third planet from the Sun is Earth

Earth is the third planet from the Sun. It is the largest and densest of the inner planets. The orbital path is 150 million km away from the Sun. Possesses only companion and developed life.

An orbital flight takes 365.25 days, and axial rotation takes 23 hours, 56 minutes and 4 seconds. The length of the day is 24 hours. The axial tilt is 23.4 degrees, and the diameter is 12742 km.

The third planet from the Sun was formed 4.54 billion years ago and for most of its existence the Moon was nearby. It is believed that the satellite appeared after a huge object crashed into the Earth and tore material into orbit. It is the Moon that stabilizes the Earth's axial tilt and acts as the source of the formation of tides.

The satellite's diameter covers 3,747 km (27% of Earth's) and is located at a distance of 362,000-405,000 km. Experiencing planetary gravitational influence, due to which it slowed down its axial rotation and fell into a gravitational block (therefore, one side is turned towards the Earth).

The planet is protected from stellar radiation by a powerful magnetic field formed by the active core (molten iron).

• Diameter: 12760 km.
• Orbit: 365.24 days.
• Day length: 23 hours and 56 minutes.

The fourth planet from the Sun is Mars

Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun. The Red Planet moves along an eccentric orbital path - 230 million km. One flight around the Sun takes 686 days, and an axial revolution takes 24 hours and 37 minutes. It is located at an inclination of 25.1 degrees, and the day lasts 24 hours and 39 minutes. Its inclination resembles that of the Earth, which is why it has seasons.

The diameter of the fourth planet from the Sun (6792 km) is half that of Earth, and its mass reaches 1/10 of Earth’s. Gravity indicator – 37%.

Mars is deprived of protection as a magnetic field, so the original atmosphere was destroyed solar wind. The devices recorded the outflow of atoms into space. As a result, the pressure reaches 1% of the earth's, and the thin atmospheric layer is represented by 95% carbon dioxide.

The fourth planet from the Sun is extremely frosty, with temperatures dropping to -87°C in winter and rising to -5°C in summer. This is a dusty place with giant storms that can cover the entire surface.

• Discovery: The ancients saw without the use of tools.
• Name: Roman god of war.
• Diameter: 6787 km.
• Orbit: 687 days.
• Day length: 24 hours and 37 minutes.

The fifth planet from the Sun is Jupiter

Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. In addition, this is the largest planet in the system, which is 2.5 times more massive than all the planets and covers 1/1000 solar mass.

It is distant from the Sun by 780 million km and spends 12 years on its orbital path. Filled with hydrogen (75%) and helium (24%) and may have a rocky core immersed in liquid metallic hydrogen with a diameter of 110,000 km. The total planetary diameter is 142984 km.

IN top layer The atmosphere contains 50-kilometer clouds consisting of ammonia crystals. They are in stripes moving on different speeds and latitudes. The Great Red Spot, a large-scale storm, seems remarkable.

The fifth planet from the Sun spends 10 hours on its axial rotation. This is a rapid speed, which means the equatorial diameter is 9000 km larger than the polar one.

• Discovery: The ancients saw without the use of tools.
• Name: main god in the Roman pantheon.
• Diameter: 139822 km.
• Orbit: 11.9 years.
• Length of day: 9.8 hours.

The sixth planet from the Sun is Saturn

Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. Saturn is in 2nd position in terms of scale in the system, exceeding the Earth's radius by 9 times (57,000 km) and 95 times more massive.

It is distant from the Sun by 1400 million km and spends 29 years on its orbital flight. Filled with hydrogen (96%) and helium (3%). May have a rocky core in liquid metallic hydrogen with a diameter of 56,000 km. The upper layers are represented by liquid water, hydrogen, ammonium hydrosulfide and helium.

The core is heated to 11,700°C and produces more heat than the planet receives from the Sun. The higher we rise, the lower the degree drops. At the top, the temperature is maintained at -180°C and 0°C at a depth of 350 km.

The cloud layers of the sixth planet from the Sun resemble the picture of Jupiter, but they are fainter and wider. There is also the Great White Spot, a brief periodic storm. It takes 10 hours and 39 minutes to complete an axial rotation, but exact figure It is difficult to name, since there are no fixed surface features.

• Discovery: The ancients saw without the use of tools.
• Name: god of the economy in the Roman pantheon.
• Diameter: 120500 km.
• Orbit: 29.5 days.
• Length of day: 10.5 hours.

The seventh planet from the Sun is Uranus

Uranus is the seventh planet from the Sun. Uranus is a representative of the ice giants and is the 3rd largest in the system. Its diameter (50,000 km) is 4 times greater than that of Earth and 14 times more massive.

It is distant by 2900 million km and spends 84 years on its orbital path. What’s surprising is that the planet’s axial tilt (97 degrees) literally rotates on its side.

It is believed that there is a small rocky core around which a mantle of water, ammonia and methane is concentrated. This is followed by a hydrogen, helium and methane atmosphere. The seventh planet from the Sun also stands out in that it does not radiate more internal heat, so the temperature mark drops to -224°C (the coldest planet).

• Discovery: In 1781, noticed by William Herschel.
• Name: personification of the sky.
• Diameter: 51120 km.
• Orbit: 84 years.
• Duration of the day: 18 hours.

Neptune is the eighth planet from the Sun. Neptune has been considered official since 2006 the last planet in the Solar System. The diameter is 49,000 km, and its massiveness is 17 times greater than that of Earth.

It is distant by 4500 million km and spends 165 years on an orbital flight. Due to its remoteness, the planet receives only 1% of solar radiation (compared to Earth). The axial tilt is 28 degrees, and the rotation takes 16 hours.

The meteorology of the eighth planet from the Sun is more pronounced than that of Uranus, so powerful storm activity can be seen at the poles in the form of dark spots. The wind accelerates to 600 m/s, and the temperature drops to -220°C. The core heats up to 5200°C.

• Discovery: 1846
• Name: Roman god of water.
• Diameter: 49530 km.
• Orbit: 165 years.
• Duration of the day: 19 hours.

This small world smaller in size earth's satellite. The orbit intersects with Neptune in 1979-1999. it could be considered the 8th planet in terms of distance from the Sun. Pluto will remain beyond Neptune's orbit for more than two hundred years. The orbital path is inclined to the system plane at 17.1 degrees. Frosty World visited New Horizons in 2015.

• Discovery: 1930 - Clyde Tombaugh.
• Name: Roman god of the underworld.
• Diameter: 2301 km.
• Orbit: 248 years.
• Length of day: 6.4 days.

Planet Nine is a hypothetical object residing in the outer system. Its gravity should explain the behavior of trans-Neptunian objects.

The solar system is a planetary system that includes the central star - the Sun - and all the natural objects of space revolving around it. It was formed by gravitational compression gas and dust cloud approximately 4.57 billion years ago. We will find out which planets are part of the solar system, how they are located in relation to the Sun and their brief characteristics.

Brief information about the planets of the solar system

The number of planets in the Solar System is 8, and they are classified in order of distance from the Sun:

• Inner planets or terrestrial planets- Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. They consist mainly of silicates and metals
• Outer planets– Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are the so-called gas giants. They are much more massive than the terrestrial planets. Largest planets The solar system, Jupiter and Saturn, are composed mainly of hydrogen and helium; The smaller gas giants, Uranus and Neptune, contain methane and carbon monoxide in their atmospheres, in addition to hydrogen and helium.

Rice. 1. Planets of the Solar System.

The list of planets in the Solar System, in order from the Sun, looks like this: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. By listing the planets from largest to smallest, this order changes. The largest planet is Jupiter, followed by Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Earth, Venus, Mars and finally Mercury.

All planets orbit the Sun in the same direction as the Sun rotates (counterclockwise when viewed from the side north pole Sun).

Mercury has the highest angular velocity - it manages to complete a full revolution around the Sun in just 88 Earth days. And for the most distant planet - Neptune - the orbital period is 165 Earth years.

Most of the planets rotate around their axis in the same direction as they revolve around the Sun. The exceptions are Venus and Uranus, with Uranus rotating almost “lying on its side” (axis tilt is about 90 degrees).

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Table. The sequence of planets in the solar system and their features.

Terrestrial planets (inner planets)

The four planets closest to the Sun are composed primarily of heavy elements, have a small number of satellites, they do not have rings. They are largely composed of refractory minerals such as silicates, which form their mantle and crust, and metals, such as iron and nickel, which form their core. Three of these planets—Venus, Earth, and Mars—have atmospheres.

• Mercury- is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest planet in the system. The planet has no satellites.
• Venus- is close in size to the Earth and, like the Earth, has a thick silicate shell around an iron core and an atmosphere (because of this, Venus is often called the “sister” of the Earth). However, the amount of water on Venus is much less than on Earth, and its atmosphere is 90 times denser. Venus has no satellites.

Venus is the most hot planet our system, its surface temperature exceeds 400 degrees Celsius. The most likely reason for this high temperature is the greenhouse effect resulting from dense atmosphere rich in carbon dioxide.

Rice. 2. Venus is the hottest planet in the solar system

• Earth- is the largest and most dense of the terrestrial planets. The question of whether life exists anywhere other than Earth remains open. Among the terrestrial planets, the Earth is unique (primarily due to its hydrosphere). The Earth's atmosphere is radically different from the atmospheres of other planets - it contains free oxygen. Earth has one natural satellite- Luna, the only one large satellite terrestrial planets of the solar system.
• Mars– smaller than Earth and Venus. It has an atmosphere consisting mainly of carbon dioxide. There are volcanoes on its surface, the largest of which, Olympus, is larger than all earth's volcanoes, reaching an altitude of 21.2 km.

Outer Solar System

The outer region of the Solar System is home to gas giants and their satellites.

• Jupiter- has a mass 318 times that of Earth, and 2.5 times more massive than all other planets combined. It consists mainly of hydrogen and helium. Jupiter has 67 moons.
• Saturn- known for its extensive ring system, it is the least dense planet in the solar system (its average density less density water). Saturn has 62 satellites.

Rice. 3. Planet Saturn.

• Uranus- the seventh planet from the Sun is the lightest of the giant planets. What makes it unique among other planets is that it rotates “lying on its side”: the inclination of its rotation axis to the ecliptic plane is approximately 98 degrees. Uranus has 27 moons.
• Neptune- the last planet in the solar system. Although slightly smaller than Uranus, it is more massive and therefore denser. Neptune has 14 known moons.

What have we learned?

One of the interesting topics in astronomy is the structure of the solar system. We learned what names the planets of the solar system are, in what sequence they are located in relation to the Sun, what are their distinctive features and brief characteristics. This information so interesting and educational that it will be useful even for 4th grade children.

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