The doctor drives and drives through the snowy plain. The village of Novospasskoye

Being in Syzran and having free time, besides walking around the city and its environs, I made forays into the neighboring Simbirsk province, to places that interested me.

The purpose of this trip was to visit the place of death of aircraft designer Vsevolod Konstantinovich Tairov. The route ran along the same federal highway M-5"Ural" . Due to the congestion of the highway and a distance of 120 km, roadside settlements were inspected selectively.

“…. And the deserted places of the Volga region began to be populated by different people, free landless peasants, soldiers who received gifts of land for their services to the Fatherland, received gifts of land, forest lands and princes, counts, merchants and nobles.

In 1698, the southern region of the Syzran governorship began to be populated. Lands were given as gifts to Bestuzhev, Solovtsov, Miloslavsky, and Churin. And the Volga region, which had previously been considered wild and deserted, began to transform. God's houses began to be built. People hoped to get settled life, prosperity and contentment from the land.”(Chronicle for 1702, deacon of the Transfiguration Monastery of the Syzran governorship Danilov).

The village arose in the 17th century. and was called Solovtsovo after the surname of the owner of the village - the serving nobleman Pyotr Gavrilovich Solovtsov. Later the village became a volost center. In 1874, a railway passed through Solovtsovo. The station was named"Novospasskoe" , named after the church that was built in the village. At the beginning of the twentieth century. The name of the village - Solovtsovo - has already begun to disappear, and Novospasskoye has strengthened.

With. Novospasskoe (Solovtsovo) near the river. Syzran

The temple is stone, two-story, built in 1700 by the landowner Peter. Le Havre Solovtsov. There are four thrones in it: on the upper floor (cold) the main one in honor of the Transfiguration of the Lord
and in the chapel in the name of St. Apostle and Evangelist John the Theologian; in the lower floor (warm): main in the name of the teacher. Sergius of Radonezh and in the chapel in the name of St. Great Martyr John the Warrior.

In the parish there is a chapel-crypt, made of stone, built in 1829 by the landowner Iv. Iv. Nechaev.

Church land: 1 des. 1128 sq. soot estate and 33 des. arable. The clergy consists of a priest, a deacon and a psalm-reader. Houses: church for the priest, public for the deacon and psalm-reader; all on church land. Parishioners: in the village. Novospassky (n.r.; volost government) in 189 doors* 758 m. and 790 women; in the village of Rokotov (part of the village, near the river Syzran; n. r.) in 46 dv. 186 m. and 188 w.; in the village Malaya Andreevka (Gorlovarovka, near the Syzran river, in 3 ver.; n. r.) in 22 doors * 87 m. and 90 f.; in the village Verina (near the Syzran river, in the 5th century; n.r.) in the 18th century. 73 m. and 73 women; in the village of Malovka (near the Syzran river, in 3 ver.; n. r.) in 31 dv.* 124 m. and 148 f.; in the village Yuryevka (Vorovskie Vyselki, at the Adovsky Klyuch, in the 14th century; n. r.) in 24 doors * 95 meters and 118 women; in total 330 doors* 1323 m and 1407 women; in addition, schismatics of the Austrian persuasion in 2 doors * 7 meters and 12 women.

There is a zemstvo school in the village, existing since 1868.

Nearest villages: Golodyaevka in the 4th century. and Surulovka in the 5th century. Distance from Simbirsk 130 ver., from Syzran 50 ver. Postal address - s. Novospasskoe.

Source: N. Bazhenov “Statistical description of cathedrals, monasteries, parish and house churches of the Simbirsk diocese according to data from 1900”, Supplement to the Simbirsk Diocesan Gazette for 1903, Simbirsk

The last owner of Novospassky, Colonel of the Life Guards Preobrazhensky Regiment Ambrazantsev-Nechaev Ivan Alekseevich, died in the Great War (killed on November 26, 1914), buried in the parish of the church.

Son of Lieutenant General Alexander Sergeevich Ambrazantsev-Nechaev and Alexandra Ivanovna Ambrazantseva-Nechaeva (nee Vishnyakova)
cadet of the Corps of Pages Ivan Aleksandrovich Ambrazantsev-Nechaev
(released from chamber pages in the Life Guards Preobrazhensky Regiment in 1886). Portrait. St. Petersburg, 1885

He received his general and military education in the Corps of Pages. Entered service on 10/01/1884. Issued in the Life Guards Preobrazhensky Regiment. Second lieutenant (Article 08/11/1886). Lieutenant (Article 08/11/1890). Staff Captain (Art. 04/18/1899). Captain (Art. 05/06/1900). Adjutant to His Highness the Prince of Oldenburg (from 07/16/1901). Colonel (Art. 06.12.1907). Commander of the 2nd battalion of the same regiment (from 12/06/1907). On 03/01/1910 in the same rank and position. Not on the lists in 1911 - probably retired. After the outbreak of World War II, he was assigned to serve with the same rank in the 176th Perevolochensky Infantry Regiment (VP 08/19/1914). Commander of the 175th Baturinsky Infantry Regiment (from 11/03/1914). Excluded from the lists of those killed in battle with the enemy (VP 11/30/1914).
Awards: Order of St. Stanislav II class. (1905); St. Anna II Art. (1907).
Members of the defeated gangs of Stepan Razin and Emelyan Pugachev were hiding in the surrounding forests. Peasants and village residents - the Muranovs, Baranovs, Solovyovs - were awarded imperial awards for the Patriotic War of 1812.

In 1913, the village had 314 households, 2060 inhabitants, a church, 2 chapels, a zemstvo (1824) and parochial schools, a volost government, a post and telegraph office, a zemstvo hospital (1875), a fair on August 19 and September 25, markets on Sundays, station of the Syzran-Vyazemskaya railway, stud farm and mill of I. A. Ambrazantsev-Nechaev.

At the entrance there is the grave of Oleg Valentinovich Lukyanov, who died in Afghanistan.

Jr. Sergeant Lukyanov Oleg Valentinovich, machine gunner 3 MSR 860 separate motorized rifle Pskov Red Banner Regiment. Born on February 20, 1967 in the village. Topornino, Nikolaev district, Ulyanovsk region. Called up to the USSR Armed Forces on October 19, 1985 by the Military Commissariat of Novospassky District, Ulyanovsk Region. In Afghanistan since February 1986. He repeatedly took part in combat operations and proved himself to be a brave and determined warrior. Mortally wounded in a battle near the village of Chinga on April 30, 1987.

During World War II, 6,500 people left the village for the front; 3,420, almost half, did not return from the war. 1,580 Novospassians were awarded orders and medals. Zhukov Ivan Fedorovich, Karpov Nikolay Filippovich, Surkov Grigory Nikolaevich, Baranov Viktor Kirillovich were awarded the title« Hero of the Soviet Union» . Pazersky Alexey Maksimovich, Solovyov Nikolay Petrovich, Badigin Mikhail Petrovich, Kulkov Nikolay Ivanovich became full holders of the Order of Glory. 11 people were awarded the Order of Lenin for their work on the home front. During the war, 2,200,218 pounds of grain was sent to the front; eggs - 12368860 pcs; wool - 12426 kg; meat - 118,030 poods; potatoes - 622,356 poods; parcels - 38680; money was collected for the construction of a tank column - 4 million rubles. Many collective farmers and workers contributed 100-150 thousand rubles or more: Ozerov - 150 thousand rubles, Ignatov - 100 thousand rubles, Fadeev - 100 thousand rubles, Shybarshov - 50 thousand rubles, even students made their small contribution - 10-20-30 rub.

This grandmother Shura, a native resident of the village. I didn't miss a single service. And she was so joyful, perky, mischievous. May her soul rest, Lord.

Well, the Patronal Feast is such a joy! People come from very distant places. And even from countries across the ocean. And Archimandrite Kirill from Belarusian Khotimsk never missed this holiday.

These photographs are from residents of the village of Novospasskoye. They represent a bygone era and it is impossible to watch them without tears. The first staff of the museum.
Old club and store.


The house-museum is under construction.
Former post office.
Class of 1945. And the words of Olga Kuzmitskaya (Pavlova) -The teacher is my grandmother Tatyana Vasilyevna Volochkova, the person who raised and educated my mother Alexandra Glinka. That's how fate turned out. that my own grandmother gave my mother to be raised by her godmother, grandmother Tanya, who raised her in Novospasskoye.
1970s.
In Novospassky Park.
By some miracle you manage to see what was before you were born.

You always come to Novospasskoye in anticipation of something new. Here the soul in the invisible palms of the Angel soars in peace and joy. It's good here.

March 15, 2015. The village of Novospasskoye is located in the Elninsky district of the Smolensk region. The Novospasskoye estate is located in the south-eastern part of the Smolensk region, 22 km south of the regional center - the city of Elnya, on the Desna River. In 1750, the estate came into the possession of Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka’s grandfather and it was called “Shatkovo wasteland” after the nearby village of Shatkovo. In 1786, a new stone Church of the Transfiguration of the Savior was built, as well as a wooden house, in which on May 20, 1804, a son was born into the family of Ivan Nikolaevich Glinka and his wife Evgenia Andreevna - the future great composer Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka. Preobrazhenskaya" the estate was named Novospasskoye. Glinka spent her childhood in Novospasskoye. Here he received his first musical impressions, learned the beauty of Russian folk songs, and worked on his immortal works. On the site of the old house in 1807-1810, the composer’s father built a new “... wooden two-story house, on a stone foundation, with a corridor, covered with shingles, but dilapidated from time to time, and lined with planks with a porch and 4 balconies, the inside is upholstered with paper wallpaper, in the lower floor there are 17 rooms, they have windows with double frames, copper handles, latches and hooks 40, Dutch stoves made of simple tiles with all accessories - 16". After the Patriotic War of 1812, the house was essentially rebuilt. Everything about it was beautiful: the ceilings of the state rooms were painted, the walls were covered with velvet wallpaper. Furniture is made only from special wood. Everywhere there are huge mirrors, parquet floors, chandeliers, lamps, two pianos - for playing music. After the death of Ivan Nikolaevich Glinka, the estate passed to his younger sister Olga Ivanovna Izmailova. Three years later, Olga Ivanovna died, and the estate went to her husband, who, not wanting to farm, sold it to the merchant Rybakov. The wooden house and part of the outbuildings were dismantled in 1882 and transported to Kolomna, where barracks for the military were built from this material. The estate itself fell into complete disrepair after that. In 1933, the rector of the Novospasskaya Church Fyodor (Rafail) Tivanov was arrested along with his family and taken away in an unknown direction. The rest of the history of the estate dates back to our days. In 1976, by decision of the Ministry of Culture of the RSFSR and the Union of Composers, restoration of the two-story wooden house and the estate itself began. On May 27, 1982, the museum-estate of M. I. Glinka was opened. Due to the persecution of the church that prevailed in Soviet times during the restoration of the estate, the Spaso-Preobrazhenskaya estate church was not restored. Its renovation began only in 1990. At the moment the church is active.

Novospasskoe- the family estate of the Russian composer Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka, is currently a memorial museum of the composer.

Geography

The estate is located in the south-eastern part of the Smolensk region, 22 km south of the regional center - the city of Yelnya, on the Desna River.

Story

• The original name of the estate was “Shatkovo wasteland” after the nearby village of Shatkovo. In 1750, it came into the possession of M.I. Glinka’s grandfather, retired major Nikolai Alekseevich Glinka. In 1654, an Orthodox parish in honor of the Transfiguration of the Lord (Savior) was formed and the village was named Spassky. In 1786, a new stone Church of the Transfiguration of the Savior was built, as well as a wooden house, in which the great Russian composer was subsequently born. The estate - Novospasskoye - was named after the name of the Spaso-Preobrazhenskaya church.

• The manor house in Novospasskoye was built by the composer’s father, Ivan Nikolaevich Glinka, in 1807-1810 on the site of the previous one. From the transfer inventory compiled by a member of the Elninsky noble guardianship on June 18, 1860, it is known that it was: “... a wooden two-story house, on a stone foundation, with a corridor, covered with shingles, but dilapidated from time to time, and lined with planks with a porch and 4 balconies, the inside is covered with paper wallpaper, the lower floor has 17 rooms, they have double-glazed windows, copper handles, latches and hooks 40<…>, Dutch stoves made of simple tiles with all accessories - 16"

• During the Patriotic War of 1812, Captain Glinka and his family were forced to leave the estate and temporarily settle in Orel. During this, the peasants remaining in the village courageously resisted the French. They locked themselves in the church from a detachment of French and eventually defended it, but the rest of the estate was plundered. In 1813, after his return, Ivan Nikolaevich repaired (and, in fact, rebuilt) the manor house.

• After the death of Ivan Nikolaevich Glinka, the estate passed to his younger sister Olga Ivanovna Izmailova. Three years later, Olga Ivanovna died, and the estate went to her husband, who, not wanting to farm, sold it to the merchant Rybakov. The wooden house and part of the outbuildings were dismantled in 1882 and transported to Kolomna, where barracks for the military were built from this material. The estate itself fell into complete disrepair after that.
• In 1933, the rector of the Novospasskaya Church Fyodor (Rafail) Tivanov was arrested along with his family and taken away in an unknown direction. Also, several activists of the parish with the elder Lisovsky were arrested and taken away to the construction of the Moscow-Volga canal. Subsequently, everyone was rehabilitated; the case is in the archives of the FSB Directorate for the Smolensk Region. The temple was looted; local communards stored hay and parked horses there. The bells were dropped, the largest one (106 pounds, cast in honor of the victory over the French) broke. One of the surviving bells is in the Museum of Musical Culture named after. Glinka, Moscow.

• The rest of the history of the estate dates back to our days. In 1976, by decision of the Ministry of Culture of the RSFSR and the Union of Composers, restoration of the two-story wooden house and the estate itself began. On May 27, 1982, the museum-estate of M. I. Glinka was opened.

• Due to the persecution of the church that prevailed in Soviet times during the restoration of the estate, the Spaso-Preobrazhenskaya estate church was not restored. Its renovation began only in 1990. At the moment, the church is active, the rector of the church is Archpriest Nikolai Privalov.

Architecture

The architect of the estate is currently unknown. On the ground floor of the manor house there were utility rooms, a billiard room, a dining room, a hall, a living room, a sofa room, and on the second floor there were bedrooms and a nursery. The ceilings of the rooms were painted by the best Moscow masters.

In front of the balcony of the house, a huge “rolling meadow” opened up a panorama of the banks of the river, fields and meadows across the river.

In addition to the manor house in Novospasskoye there were several more buildings - two outbuildings built in 1806-1811, the “master’s bathhouse”, a mill, greenhouses, a fulling mill, etc. All of them were wooden, and have not survived to this day, like the master's house.

Of the stone structures, the first in the estate was the church, which, both in plan and composition, repeated the type of temple in the village of Apolye, built more than thirty years earlier. Comparing these two buildings, one can easily detect the time difference, although both of them are designed in the Baroque style. In the 80s of the 18th century, when the church was built in Novospasskoye, the Baroque style was completing its heyday in the Russian province. The decorative design of the facades is becoming much more modest, and there is no longer the same dynamics of forms that was in the architecture of the Smolensk region in the middle of the century. The semicircular gables have become much smaller in size; the windows and entrance have only ribbon frames.

A special place in the appearance of Novospassky is occupied by a huge park covering the entire territory of the estate. It is still unknown who its creator was.

The estate has a very difficult terrain. Despite this, the park artist managed to brilliantly use all the features of this relief. The basis of the park is made up of linden, elm, maple, oak and ash trees. Small groups of trees and shrubs alternate with glades and small lawns planted with flowers. One of the lawns was called “Cupid’s Meadow” - here among the roses stood a marble statue of Cupid.

During the war, many trees were cut down, and now only about three hundred century-old trees have survived in Novospassky Park, among which are nine oaks planted by M. I. Glinka himself. The giant oak tree under which Glinka composed the score for “Ruslan and Lyudmila” has also been preserved.

The natural border of the park was the Desna River. On a small island in the middle of the river, called the “island of the Muses,” there were gazebos for relaxation. A cascade of ponds was built on an unnamed stream flowing into the Desna.

Ivan Nikolaevich Glinka actively participated in the arrangement of the garden. He specially ordered seedlings and bulbs of rare plants and flowers from St. Petersburg, Riga and even from abroad.

M. I. Glinka

The great Russian composer Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka was born in the Novospasskoye estate on May 20, 1804 (old style).

Here, on his father’s estate, Glinka spent 12 years of his childhood, and left it in 1817, when he went to study in St. Petersburg at the Noble boarding school for young men.

Glinka loved Novospasskoye very much. And many years later, he often came to his native places, and his impressions of life on the estate were invariably reflected in his work.

The last time M.I. Glinka visited Novospassky was in June 1847.

But his health continued to deteriorate, and Glinka left for St. Petersburg. And when the composer’s mother died in 1851, trips to Novospasskoye lost all meaning for him, and Glinka wrote to his sisters that “he would never come to Novospasskoye without his mother again.”

Modernity

At the moment, the memorial museum of M. I. Glinka operates in the estate. This museum is the first and only museum of the composer. In five rooms of the house there is an exhibition telling about his life and creative work. The hall, dining room, billiard room, offices of the father and the composer himself, and the bird room were restored.

Every year at the end of May - beginning of June, a music festival named after M. I. Glinka is held in the Smolensk region, the end of which traditionally takes place in Novospasskoye. These days the estate is especially crowded. In 2004, all of Russia celebrated the 200th anniversary of the birth of Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka. Part of the celebrations took place at the composer's family estate.

“Glinka is our genius, a composer for whom the people and homeland were the main thing, the main content of his greatest works. Always alive in the minds of Russian musicians, Glinka is just as dear to the heart of the Russian people."
(B. Asafiev)

The great Russian composer is rightly called the founder of Russian musical classics. This does not mean that Russian music before Glinka did not represent anything valuable - Russia has been famous for its talents from time immemorial, and gifted musicians were not uncommon in it. But a sad fate awaited many of them: those who had the fate of being born serfs were doomed to subordinate their talent to the whims of the master all their lives. Those few who managed to break into the public were always threatened by the competition of foreign artists. Other obstacles stood in the way of musicians from the upper classes. Among the nobility, music was considered an essential element of good education. Visiting theaters and concerts was the same indispensable social ritual as attending balls, masquerades and those invited to make music their main occupation - instead of a military or diplomatic career, instead of the economic management of the family estate - seemed unforgivable frivolity.

For Glinka, music was not only the main business of life - it was life itself. As a boy, shocked by his first musical impressions, he said about himself: “Music is my soul!” So she remained forever his destiny, purpose and meaning of his existence. That is why in the works of the great composer we hear both the voice of the artist himself and the voice of time, the brightest and best features of which he caught and captured. This time, difficult and complex, was a time of great hopes and great disappointments.

Two events determined his appearance. The first is the victorious war with Napoleon, in which the Russian people showed not only military valor, but also unprecedented strength and fortitude. The war awakened in the best minds of Russia the confidence that such a people would be able to destroy or at least curb autocracy and achieve freedom. Here lay the roots of the second event: the Decembrist uprising, which ended with the tragedy on Senate Square, the execution and exile of the most honest and noble people. And this was followed by years of the darkest reaction, the “spirit of bondage”, which firmly took possession of the entire vast empire - from the fortress village to the bureaucratic Petersburg.

“But in spite of historical trials, it was then, in the first half of the century, that Russia put forward a whole galaxy of talented people who confidently placed its young art on a par with the already mature national schools. Glinka's contemporaries and almost his peers were Pushkin, Gogol, Baratynsky, Tyutchev. Nine years older - Griboedov, ten years younger - Lermontov. They were replaced by a galaxy of younger contemporaries, whose first successes coincided with the years of full flowering of Glinka’s work: Nekrasov, Dostoevsky, Turgenev, Leo Tolstoy. Different characters, different talents, different destinies. But they also have common features that allow them to be considered a single national school. This is, first of all, faith in the creative spirit of one’s people and the desire to touch the living source of their art - a reflection of “the aspirations and expectations of the people,” as Lenin called the Russian folk song many years later.

The creative principles characteristic of the Russian literary classics of the century formed the basis of other arts, including music. The first examples of musical classics were the works of Glinka, in which the aesthetic ideals of Russian art of his time were expressed in a beautiful artistic form, fully armed with confident mastery. If you trace Glinka’s life and creative path, it is easy to discover how important the connection with the Smolensk region was for him. Here, in the village of Novospasskoye, he was born, spent his childhood, received his first musical impressions and learned the beauty of Russian folk song. Here, under the influence of the events of the Patriotic War of 1812, patriotic feelings and faith in powerful national forces were forever awakened in him, which was later deeply reflected in his music.

In the Smolensk estate Novospasskoye, twenty kilometers from Yelnya, the great Russian composer (1804-1857), the founder of Russian classical music, was born and spent his childhood.

“I was born on the morning of May 20, 1804, at dawn, in the village of Novospasskoye, which belonged to my parent, retired captain Ivan Nikolaevich Glinka. This estate is located twenty miles from the city of Yelnya, Smolensk province; it is located along the Desna River (near its source) and is surrounded at a short distance by impenetrable forests, merging with the famous Bryansk forests...” This is how M. I. Glinka begins his autobiographical “Notes.” The first biographer of M. I. Glinka, V. V. Stasov, wrote: “Glinka was born, spent his first years and received his first education not in the capital, but in the village, and thus his nature took on those elements of musical folk that, according to Essentially, our cities have survived only in the heart of Russia...”

The Novospasskoye estate, or more precisely, the Shatkova wasteland, as it was originally called, came into the possession of the Glinoks - the descendants of the old Polish noble family, from which in 1655 a branch of Smolensk nobles sprang off - in 1750. The small wooden house in which the composer was born was built at the end of the 18th century by M. I. Glinka’s grandfather, retired major N. A. Glinka. At the same time, in 1786, the stone estate Church of the Transfiguration of the Savior was built, after which the village was named Novospasskoye. On an unnamed stream flowing into the Desna, a cascade of ponds was built, and a small park was laid out on both sides, which subsequently expanded significantly. For him, M.I. Glinka’s father - retired captain Ivan Nikolaevich Glinka (1777-1834), to whom the estate passed in 1805 - specially ordered seedlings and bulbs of rare plants and flowers from St. Petersburg, Riga and even from abroad.

The composer's parents are buried near the church. In 1812, a detachment of French soldiers, having occupied Novospasskoye, tried to rob the church, but the peasants, led by priest I. Stabrovsky - the first teacher of M. I. Glinka - locked themselves in the temple and successfully fought off the enemy. The French robbed the estate and the priest's house, but the church remained untouched.

The Church of the Savior was famous for its bells. The largest of them weighed 106 pounds. Its sound could be heard ten miles around. By order of the owner of the estate, this bell was rung all day long when the news arrived about the victory over Napoleon and the expulsion of the enemy from Russia.

The bells of the Novospasskaya Church miraculously survived the communist pogroms. In 1941, a priest and several laymen removed the bells and sank them in the Desna. One of the locals reported this to the fascists. They grabbed the priest and began to torture him, pouring cold water on him in the cold and demanding that he indicate the place where the bells were hidden - the non-ferrous metal was needed for the victory of the Third Reich. The priest died under torture - the Nazis froze him alive. After the war, one of the Novospassky bells was found and is now in the Smolensk museum.

Mikhail Ivanovich grew up in a large family, he had six sisters and two brothers. “Our family is large, but very friendly,” the composer wrote.

The soul of the family was, of course, mother Evgenia Andreevna, “a beauty, also very well-educated and of excellent character,” according to her daughter Lyudmila. M. I. Glinka’s friend P. A. Stepanov says this about Evgenia Andreevna: “What a wonderful person his mother was! She already considered anyone who loved her son to be her own; how she caressed and pampered us. It was so joyful in her house that all everyday hardships were forgotten, and the heart was warmed from the frosts of life.”
Evgenia Andreevna lived in Novospasskoye for 49 years, carefully raising her children. The most beloved and dear to the mother was the eldest son Mikhail.

His young nanny Avdotya Ivanovna, an expert in singing songs and telling fairy tales, played a big role in raising the boy. But most of all, young Glinka was captivated by the familiar “sadly tender sounds” of folk songs.

He himself will write in “Notes”: “And perhaps these songs, which I heard in childhood, were the first reason that later I began to predominantly develop Russian music.” “My father,” wrote Mikhail Ivanovich, “loved me and all his children very much. He treated me like a comrade - he confided in me his secrets and assumptions, without hiding his joys and sorrows. He spared no expense for me.”

And the composer’s beloved sister Lyudmila Ivanovna Shestakova recalled: “My father was a naturally intelligent and, at that time, a very educated young man. He built a new two-story wooden house with 27 rooms, which he furnished with exquisite luxury.
He also transformed the estate, which delighted all the guests.

We had everything of our own: we wove carpets, wove lace, did various embroideries: there were also tailors, shoemakers, painters, carpenters and others - in total about a hundred people, maybe more. Everyone lived as families in outbuildings, of which there were from ten to twelve, except for the house and two large outbuildings. It was a small place or town."

The manor house in Novospasskoye was built by I. N. Glinka in 1807-1810 on the site of the previous one. From a document of 1860 it is known that it was “a two-story wooden house, on a stone foundation, with a corridor, covered with shingles, but dilapidated from time to time, and lined with planks with porches and 4 balconies, upholstered inside with paper wallpaper, on the lower floor there are 17 rooms , they have 40 windows with double frames, copper handles, latches and hooks... 16 Dutch stoves made of simple tiles with all accessories.”

On the ground floor there were utility rooms, a billiard room, a dining room, a hall, a living room, a sofa room, and on the second floor there were bedrooms and a nursery. The ceilings of the rooms were painted by the best Moscow masters. “The furniture in each room was made of special wood,” recalled M. I. Glinka’s sister, L. I. Shestakova. - Magnificent mirrors, parquet floors, chandeliers, lamps... Everything was done with such taste and grace that if our house were moved to St. Petersburg, it would not be one of the last. It was built entirely of oak and pine - strong, good wood.” In front of the balcony of the house, a huge “rolling meadow” opened up a panorama of the banks of the river, fields and meadows across the river.

In addition to the manor house, there were many more buildings in Novospasskoye - two outbuildings built in 1806-1811, the “master’s bathhouse”, a mill, greenhouses, a fulling mill, etc. All of them were wooden, and have not survived to this day, like the master's house.

It is still unknown who created the huge landscape park that today occupies the entire territory of the estate. There is no doubt that he was an outstanding master of landscape art. The difficult terrain where the estate is located served partly as a hindrance, and partly as a help to the master. Taking advantage of this circumstance, the creator of the park in Novospasskoye widely used a system of free placement of park elements. It was based on linden, elm, maple, oak and ash trees. Small groups of trees and shrubs alternated with clearings and small lawns planted with flowers. One of the lawns was called “Cupid’s Meadow” - here among the roses stood a marble statue of Cupid.

During the war, many trees were cut down, and now only about three hundred century-old trees have survived in Novospassky Park, among which are nine oaks planted by M. I. Glinka himself. The giant oak tree under which Glinka composed the score for “Ruslan and Lyudmila” has also been preserved.

The natural border of the park was the Desna River. On its small islands there were gazebos, where on holidays the orchestra of serf musicians, which belonged to M. I. Glinka’s uncle, played all day long. The future composer also listened to these concerts, and later played the violin and flute himself. His first music teacher was a village violinist.

Glinka loved Novospasskoye very much. And many years later, he often came to his native land, and his impressions of life on the estate were invariably reflected in his work.

The last time M.I. Glinka visited Novospassky was in June 1847. “I arrived in Novospasskoye in good health, but soon began to feel that my appetite and sleep began to disappear,” he wrote. “Wanting to support myself, for gymnastics I began to chop down the extra linden trees, of which there were many, with a small ax, to give space to oaks, elms and other trees.” But his health continued to deteriorate, and Glinka left for St. Petersburg. And when the composer’s mother died in 1851, trips to Novospasskoye lost all meaning for him, and Glinka wrote to his sisters that “he would never come to Novospasskoye without his mother again.”

After the death of the composer’s mother, E. N. Glinka (1783-1851), the estate was owned by his sisters, L. I. Shestakova and O. I. Izmailova. In 1879, Novospasskoye passed to the Kolomna merchant F. T. Rybakov, who in 1882 sold the furnishings, dismantled the house with outbuildings and transported them to Kolomna, where they soon burned down. At the beginning of the 20th century, Novospassky was owned by the Smolensk merchant Zelikin, who built a dacha next to the foundations of the old manor house and cut down part of the park for this. The remains of the estate were destroyed during the Great Patriotic War.

After the death of Mikhail Ivanovich, his house was sold by relatives and taken away. The family nest was destroyed. The estate of 20 hectares fell into complete desolation, a magnificent park with an orchard, greenhouses, and an English garden for youth walks was abandoned; two cascades of ponds were destroyed.

In 1976, restoration of the two-story wooden house and the estate itself began. 27 construction organizations of the Smolensk region took an active part in the restoration of this estate.

Based on archival materials and memories, the Glinka house, guest and kitchen wings, carriage house, bakery and courtyard hut, bridges, Amur's meadow (rose garden), cascade of ponds, gazebos, greenhouse were restored, and the family church, now in use, was restored. The park was put in order, oak, maple, and linden trees were planted. An orchard has been planted. Numerous flower beds are also pleasing to the eye.

On May 27, 1982, the museum-estate of M. I. Glinka, the first and only museum of the composer, was opened in a solemn ceremony. In five rooms of the house there is an exhibition telling about the life and creative work of M. I. Glinka. The hall, dining room, billiard room, offices of the father and the composer himself, and the bird room were restored.

Text: A. Nizovsky. "Estates of Russia. Moscow region. From St. Petersburg to Saratov"
Photos of the house and interior today (used in the work): “Museum-Estate of M. I. Glinka in Novospassky”

Museum address: Smolensk region, Elninsky district, Novospasskoe village

The Sound of Music

Waltz fantasy

"Waltz Fantasy" was written by Glinka in 1839. In the first version, this work was intended for piano. In 1845, Glinka orchestrated it, and in 1856 he created a new orchestral version, in which it is performed today.

“Waltz-Fantasy” was created during the period of M. I. Glinka’s heartfelt passion for young Ekaterina Ermolaevna Kern, daughter of A. P. Kern, the same Anna Petrovna to whom Pushkin dedicated his famous poem “K***” (“I remember the wonderful moment"), and Glinka wrote a romance for it. The composer created a lyrical poem that embodies the richest range of human feelings.

The main waltz theme is clearly contrasted with episodes of varied content, sometimes light and graceful, sometimes excitedly dramatic. The main theme is repeated many times, forming a rondo shape. The instrumentation of this work is amazingly elegant. The predominance of the string group gives the entire symphonic work lightness, flight, transparency, and the unique charm of a dream.

Before us was a picture of mental struggle, attempts to break through to happiness, to the light. Happiness turned out to be out of reach. Hence the general elegiac coloring of the music.

For the first time in Russian music, a detailed symphonic work emerged on the basis of everyday dance, reflecting the diverse shades of emotional experiences.

Overture to the opera “Ruslan and Lyudmila”

The overture to “Ruslan and Lyudmila” became the first peak of Glinka’s symphonic creativity. It was composed after the completion of the entire work, is based on the themes of the opera and conveys its main idea - the victory of the forces of light over the world of evil. The music of the overture, swift and jubilant, according to Glinka, “flies in full sail”; it contains the main images of the opera - courageous heroism, the joy of love, mysterious fabulousness.

Romance based on poems by A. S. Pushkin “I remember a wonderful moment”

The most famous vocal work of M. I. Glinka is the romance based on the poems of A. S. Pushkin “I Remember a Wonderful Moment.” This is the composer's highest achievement in the field of vocal lyricism. It perfectly combines captivating poetry and inspired melody. This work reflected Glinka’s deep feelings for Ekaterina Ermolaevna Kern, the daughter of Anna Petrovna Kern, who at one time inspired Pushkin to create a brilliant poem. The musical images created by Glinka harmoniously merged with the beautiful poetry of Pushkin. This is, first of all, expressed in the melody - plastic and soulful in Russian. The romance, as well as the poem, clearly shows the emergence of a poetic feeling of love, the languid sorrow of separation, the joy of a date. The poetic meaning of each new mental state of the lyrical hero is revealed in bright and expressive music.

This romance clearly demonstrated the commonality of creative natures and aspirations of two great contemporaries - Pushkin and Glinka: integrity, harmonious perception of the world, a bright outlook on life, faith in its enduring value.

Presentation

Included:
1. Presentation, ppsx;
2. Sounds of music:
Glinka. I remember a wonderful moment (in Spanish by D. Hvorostovsky), mp3;
Glinka. Overture from the opera “Ruslan and Lyudmila”, mp3;
Glinka. Waltz-fantasy, mp3;
3. Accompanying article, docx.