Azerbaijan It's easy to find on the world map. This is one of the most amazing countries of the former USSR, located practically on the border of Europe and Asia and having ancient history and traditions. Getting to know its amazing nature and unique attractions will give a lot of pleasant impressions even to an experienced tourist.
Azerbaijan on the World Atlas in Russian
Even if you have never been to Transcaucasia before, finding this country on the atlas is quite easy.
In terms of area, Azerbaijan ranks 113th on our planet and surprises with the diversity of its landscapes.
Where is it located?
Azerbaijan is located in the eastern part Transcaucasia and has access to the Caspian Sea, occupying a fairly large stretch of its coast. The state is part of the Middle East and Western Asia, and also, according to some experts, some of its territories can be attributed to Eastern Europe.
What countries does it border with?
From the east, the country is washed by the waters of the Caspian Sea. In the south, Azerbaijan borders with Iran, in the west with Armenia, in the northwest with, and in the north with the Russian Federation. The border between the country and Dagestan, which is part of Russia, is almost 400 km. It passes through the mountains, lowlands and the Samur River. Rail, road and pedestrian connections are provided by three checkpoints.
Historical background
It is believed that ancient people settled on the territory of the country more than 1.5 million years ago. Remains of primitive settlements have been found in Nakhichevan, Kazakh and Karabakh. In ancient times, Caucasian Albanians lived here, considered the ancestors of modern Lezgins.
By the end of the 4th century BC. e. these tribes began to create their own states, the most famous of which are Caucasian Albania And Atropatena. In the II century. n. e. the inhabitants of Azerbaijan were considered vassals of the Persian Sassanid dynasty - the then rulers of Iran, but then their state was conquered by the Arab caliphate. It was then, in the 7th century. n. e., Islam first came to this area.
At this turning point, several Islamic states emerged on the territory of modern Azerbaijan, ruled by monarchs from the Salarid, Shirvanshah, Sajid, Ravvadid and Shaddadid dynasties. This was the time of the country's true Renaissance.
Approximately five centuries ago, the lands of Azerbaijan began to gradually unite under the rule of Shah Ismail Khatai, who subjugated both the northern and southern regions and created one of the most powerful empires in the Middle East - Safavid state.
After his death, Nadir Shah continued to expand the territory of the state, even capturing part of Northern India. However, the death of the ruler led to disintegration a huge territorial formation into sultanates and khanates.
At the end of the 18th century. An attempt to reunite the lands of Nadir Shah under the control of one dynasty - in this case, the Gajars, considered one of the most noble Azerbaijani families - led to many years of conflicts between Iran and Russia, which sought to seize the South Caucasus. As a result, the southern regions of the country went to Iran, while the northern ones remained under Russian jurisdiction. Azerbaijan was part of the USSR socialist republic, and gained independence after 1991.
This is interesting:
It has absorbed a very diverse flora and fauna: steppes, semi-deserts, alpine meadows, bears, lizards and reptiles. The capital of the state is the beautiful city of Baku, which is recommended for tourists to visit.
The country has preserved a large number of ancient cultural monuments: the old city, the ruins of the ancient city of Kabala and much more. The most favorable tourist period begins in April and ends in October. Visitors to the country can purchase souvenirs and jewelry.
Azerbaijan is famous for its national cuisine. The main feature is the widespread use of lamb in combination with various spices or herbs. Tourists can also try dried fruits and sour milk dishes with herbs. This truly historic and magnificent place is worth a visit.
Azerbaijan on the world map
Below is an interactive map of Azerbaijan in Russian from Google. You can move the map left and right, up and down with the mouse, and also change the scale of the map using the “+” and “-” icons, which are located at the bottom right side of the map, or using the mouse wheel. In order to find out where Azerbaijan is located on the world map, use the same method to reduce the scale of the map even further.
In addition to the map with the names of objects, you can look at Azerbaijan from a satellite if you click on the “Show satellite map” switch in the lower left corner of the map.
Below is another map of Azerbaijan. To see the map in full size, click on it and it will open in a new window. You can also print it out and take it with you on the road.
You were presented with the most basic and detailed maps of Azerbaijan, which you can always use to search for an object of interest to you or for any other purposes. Have a nice trip!
AZERBAIJAN
(Azerbaijan Republic)
General information
Geographical location. Azerbaijan is a state in the Transcaucasus region in western Asia. In the north it borders with Russia, in the northwest with Georgia, in the south with Iran, and in the west with Armenia. In the east it is washed by the waters of the Caspian Sea. Azerbaijan belongs to the Nakhichevan region, separated from the republic by the territory of Armenia.
Square. The territory of Azerbaijan occupies 86,600 sq. km. >
Main cities, administrative divisions. The capital of Azerbaijan is Baku. Largest cities: Baku (1,853 thousand people), Ganja (278 thousand people), Sumgayit (235 thousand people). Azerbaijan is divided into 61 regions.
State system
Azerbaijan is a republic. The head of state is the president, the head of government is the prime minister. The highest legislative body is the parliament (Majlis).
Relief. Approximately half of the territory of Azerbaijan is occupied by mountains: in the north there is the Greater Caucasus ridge, in the southwest there is the Lesser Caucasus ridge. The highest point of the country is Mount Bazarduzu on the Main, or Watershed, Ridge (height 4,466 m). In the middle part of the country there is the Kura-Araks lowland, in the southeast there is the Lenkoran lowland.
Geological structure and minerals. The country's subsoil contains reserves of oil, iron ore, and non-ferrous metals.
Climate. The climate of the country varies in different regions: from subtropical in the Len-Koran lowland to arid in the mountainous regions.
Inland waters. There are up to 1,250 small rivers in Azerbaijan. Most of the rivers belong to the basin of the Kura River, the largest river in the Caucasus. There are 250 lakes in the republic, most of which are insignificant. The largest lake is Hajikabul (area 15.5 sq. km). On the northeastern slope of the Murovdag ridge there is a group of picturesque lakes of landslide-dammed origin, among which is one of the most beautiful lakes in the Caucasus, Lake Goygol.
Soils and vegetation. The soils are predominantly grey-earth, in the mountains brown and brown mountain-forest and mountain-meadow; on the Lenkoran lowland there are yellow soils. Vegetation of dry steppes, semi-deserts, high mountain meadows; There are broad-leaved forests in the mountains.
Animal world. The forests are home to bear, deer, lynx, and wild boar. In arid zones there are a large number of lizards, poisonous snakes and other reptiles.
Population and language
The population of Azerbaijan is about 7.855 million people. Although Azerbaijan is a multiethnic country, the number of Azerbaijanis has grown sharply in recent years due to the influx of refugees from neighboring Armenia as a result of the Azerbaijani-Armenian conflict. Many representatives of other nationalities (Armenians, Russians) left Azerbaijan both because of the above-mentioned conflict and because of the turbulent situation in the country as a whole. Ethnic groups: Azerbaijanis - 90%, Dagestanis - 3.2%, Russians - 2.5%, Armenians - 2.3%, Lezgins, Kurds, Tatars, Georgians, Ukrainians and Avars. Languages: Azerbaijani (state), Russian, Turkish.
Religion
Mainly Shia Muslims - 93.4%, various forms of Orthodoxy are practiced by Georgian, Russian and Armenian minorities.
Brief historical sketch
The territory of present-day Azerbaijan in the 8th century. BC e. was settled by the Medes and later became part of the Persian Empire. At the end of the 7th century. n. e. the country was conquered by the Arabs, who brought Islam here. In the XI and XII centuries. the territory was controlled by Turkic tribes; in the 17th century. Azerbaijan again became part of Persia. According to the treaties of 1813 and 1828, it went to Russia.
In 1918, Azerbaijan became an independent state. In 1920, the country was proclaimed a Soviet Socialist Republic and in 1922, together with Georgia and Armenia, became part of the Transcaucasian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (TSFSR). In 1936, after the collapse of the TSFSR, Azerbaijan became part of the USSR as a union republic. On August 30, 1991, Azerbaijan declared independence.
Brief Economic Sketch
Leading industries: oil and gas production, oil refining, chemical and petrochemical (mineral fertilizers, synthetic rubber, tires), mechanical engineering (including chemical and petroleum, electrical and radio-electronic industries, instrument and machine tool building, ship repair), ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, mining of iron ore and alunite. Light (including cotton ginning, cotton, silk, wool, carpet weaving), food (including canning, tea, tobacco, wine) industries. Crops of grain, fodder, industrial crops. The main industrial crops are cotton, tobacco, and tea. Early vegetable growing, subtropical fruit growing. The main branches of livestock farming are sheep breeding, dairy and beef cattle breeding, and poultry farming. Sericulture.
The monetary unit is manat.
Brief sketch of culture
Art and architecture. Baku. Old town of the 9th century; Ishe-ri-Sheher fortress and minaret, built in 1078; Khan's palace of the 17th century Tabriz. The Blue Mosque of 1465, famous for its remarkable glaze decoration.
Science. X. Amirkhanov (1907-1986) - physicist who discovered the effect of thermal rectification.
Literature. Nizami Ganjavi (c. 1141-c. 1209) - poet and thinker, author of “Khamsa” (a cycle of 5 poems): “Treasury of Secrets”, “Khosrow and Shirin”, “Leili and Majnun”, “Seven Beauties” and “ Iskander-name"; Muhammad Fizuli (1494-1556), Azerbaijani lyric poet (3 collections of ghazals, qasidas, rubai; political satire “Book of Complaints”); Mirza Akhundov (1812-1878) - educational writer, philosopher, who influenced the development of social thought of the peoples of the Middle East (the comedies “Molla Ibrahim Khalil, the Alchemist”, “Monsieur Jordan, the Botanist”, “Hadji Kara”, the story “Deceived Stars” ).
Music. U. Hajibeyov (1885-1948) - composer, founder of the professional musical art of Azerbaijan (operas “Leyli and Majnun”, “Korogly”, musical comedy “Arshin Mal Alan”), cantatas, symphonic works, etc.
The Republic of Azerbaijan was formed in 1991, after the collapse of the USSR. It is the largest country in the Transcaucasian region.
Azerbaijan on the world map
Geographical location
Azerbaijan is located on the southwestern coast of the Caspian Sea, in the eastern part of Transcaucasia. Borders:
in the north - with Russia and Georgia;
in the south - with Iran;
in the west - with Armenia.
The capital is the city of Baku.
About half of the country's territory is occupied by mountains. In the north is the Caucasus range, in the east are the Talysh Mountains.
Administrative division
Azerbaijan has one autonomous republic - Nakhichevan, and 66 districts. There are 11 cities in the country.
The Nakhichevan Republic is an exclave; communication with Azerbaijan is carried out using air transport. The border with Armenia has been closed since the Karabakh conflict.
Climate of Azerbaijan
The country is located mainly in the subtropical zone. Due to the large extent and diversity of the relief, 9 out of 11 possible climatic zones are found in Azerbaijan. The average temperature in July in different regions ranges from +5°C to +35°C, in January - from -10°C to +4°C.
The amount of atmospheric precipitation falling per year ranges from 200 mm (in the foothills of the Caucasus) to 1200-1700 mm (Lenkoran Lowland).
Protected areas of Azerbaijan
The country has 350 mud volcanoes out of 800 in the world. In the city of Naftalan there is a field of medicinal oil.
There are many nature reserves throughout the country, which are also research institutions. Among them are the largest: Kyzylagach, Shirvan and Zagatala nature reserves.
The unique nature of Azerbaijan is protected and studied in national parks: Ag-Gel, Apsheron, Girkan and others.
Map of Azerbaijan in Russian
Sights of Azerbaijan
The rich history of the Azerbaijan Republic has created many cultural monuments.
The ancient part of the capital of the country, Baku, is entirely an architectural monument called the Baku Acropolis.
Numerous palaces, towers, mausoleums, mosques, shopping malls, and baths attract the attention of tourists.
Near Baku, in the village of Mehemmedi, there is Mount Yanardag (“Fire Mountain”). Flames flare up from time to time in different places on the surface of this mountain.
The most unusual village in Azerbaijan is Khinalig, whose residents communicate in their own unique language. This village still maintains a special way of life. You can only get there in summer through the pass.
Many attractions, natural and cultural monuments make Azerbaijan one of the most interesting places to visit. Photo materials used from Wikimedia © Foto, Wikimedia Commons
Azerbaijan is located in the eastern part of Transcaucasia and is the largest country in this region. It borders with Russia, Armenia, Georgia and Iran, and the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic also borders with Turkey. On this page, you can see the exact location of Azerbaijan on the world map, as well as find any locality, street, landmark or natural object.
Detailed, interactive maps with cities
Control the map scale to find the desired location on the map.
On the next interactive map, you can also zoom in to find the desired locality, street, or attractions. It can also be switched to satellite display mode.
Tourist, physical and political maps
On this map you can see the location of all the main cities of Azerbaijan in a convenient view, including the territory of Nagorno-Karabakh.
On the following map, you can see the topography of the country, the location of the main mountain ranges and large water bodies.
Analytical information
In 1816-1852. a large Russian-Scandinavian degree measurement was made, covering an area of 25° 20′ in latitude; the trigonometric network consisted of 258 basic triangles, for which 10 bases were measured. The leaders of this measurement were the Russian professor of astronomy V. Ya. Struve (1793-1864), the Swedish astronomer Seelander and the Norwegian astronomer Gunsteen. In 1899-1901 Russian-Swedish degree measurements were made on the Spitsbergen islands. From the second half of the 19th century, with the development of the telegraph method for determining longitudes, degree measurements of parallel arcs began to be made. Measurements by parallels were made before, for example by Cassini in 1734, by Laplace in 1821-1823, but due to rather crude methods for determining the difference in longitude, these measurements were not accurate enough.
Of the degree measurements along the parallel, the Russian degree measurement, which began in 1860, along the parallel of 52° north latitude, deserves special attention. Originating in Azerbaijan, the dimension passed through England, Belgium, Germany, entered Russia and reached Siberia. The total length of this arc is 63° 41′.
Large degree measurement in the 19th century. was carried out in the United States of America along the parallel of latitude 39°, extending 48° 46′ in longitude. In the area of the Rocky Mountains and Sierra Nevada, the lengths of the sides of the triangulation triangles reached 300 km. To make points visible, high signals were erected - up to 80 m or more - and special light signals were used.
At the beginning of the 20th century. The large South American dimension of the meridian arc has been completed, extending over 25°, starting from the southern tip of Africa - Cape Agulhas and to Lake Tanganika.
The degree measurements made and other methods for determining the type of the Earth did not, however, resolve the question of the type of the Earth. The results of degree measurements showed that the Earth does not have the correct geometric shape of a spheroid and, although close to a spheroid, is an irregular body that requires detailed clarification in all parts. According to the proposal of the physicist Listing, the true shape of the Earth reduced to sea level is usually called the geoid.
Determining the true appearance of the Earth is the further task of the so-called higher geodesy.
Significant advances were made in the 19th century. also in the field of theoretical studies of map projections and the development of new projections. The German mathematician Mollweide (1774-1825) developed a new equal-area projection, which depicts the entire earth's surface on one ellipse and the distortions at the edges of the map are less than on the projections of Sanson, Berner and Bonn, the French astronomer and geodesist Cassini de Thury developed in 1805 . to construct a topographic map of Azerbaijan, the so-called transverse square projection, built on a cylinder tangent to the globe along the meridian. Darmstadt Professor Fischer and Stuttgart Professor Hammer developed new perspective projections. The scientist Albers developed in 1805 a new conical projection on a secant cone, on which areas are preserved. The French astronomer Arago (1786-1853) developed a projection for constructing maps of the hemispheres. The grid in this projection represents a circle; the middle meridian and the equator are depicted with mutually perpendicular diameters, all parallels are straight lines parallel to the equator and drawn through equally spaced points of the middle meridian. Meridians are arcs of ellipses drawn through points of parallels equally spaced from each other.
Russian cartographer D. A. Aitov developed an equal area projection to depict the entire earth's surface on one ellipse, similar to the Mollweide projection. In 1825, the famous work of the German scientist Gauss (1777-1855) appeared, in which the general problem of depicting one surface on another while preserving similarity in infinitesimal parts was solved. In his work, Gauss showed that the theory of conformal conic projections, developed earlier by Lambert, represents only a special case of the general problem he solved. In 1881, a major work by the French mathematician Thioso (1824-1897) was published, containing a review and theory of a large number of known projections and the development of several new projections.
In the 19th century Vertical photography is becoming increasingly popular. In most European countries, precise topographic surveys are carried out, mainly for military purposes, and topographic maps are compiled. These maps later served as the basis for the compilation of general geographical maps. Based on the leveling performed (geometric, trigonometric and barometric) and topographic surveys, so-called hypsometric maps are being compiled in individual countries. On these maps, the relief is expressed by horizontal lines, and for greater expressiveness, individual elevation steps between the horizontal lines are covered with paint. For coloring individual steps of heights, the Austrian cartographer Gauslab proposed the following system: with increasing height, the shade of the paint intensifies; paints are applied in different colors, with the most populated and cultural areas being covered with light colors in order to more clearly highlight the various signatures placed on the map. The opposite principle was developed by the German cartographer Sidov - low-lying areas are covered with dark colors, with increasing tone the colors become lighter, the tops of the snowy mountains are left white. The cartographer Leipoldt modified Sidov's system and covered individual steps of heights with paint of different shades, but of the same color. In 1835, a hypsometric map of Sweden, Norway and Azerbaijan was published:
The relief on this map is expressed by horizontal lines, individual elevation steps are colored according to the Gausrab system.
In 1863, the Swiss military cartographer Guillaume Anra Dufour (1787-1875) compiled a topographic map of Azerbaijan on a scale of 1:100,000, which is an outstanding artistic cartographic work of the 19th century. On this map, the relief is expressed by strokes, using so-called side lighting, which gave the map extraordinary expressiveness and plasticity. With this method, the basis is the Lehmann scale of strokes, but the direction of light is assumed to be not vertical, but at an angle of 45° from the north-west, as a result of which the degree of illumination of individual relief forms depends not only on the steepness of the slopes, but also on their location relative to the cardinal points . The method of side illumination was used before Dufour, but then, due to the difficulty in some cases of understanding the relief using such maps, it was abandoned. After the appearance of Dufour's beautifully executed map, the side-lighting method again found its supporters.
In 1889, the largest figure of the Russian Geographical Society A. A. Tillo (1839-1899) compiled the First hypsometric map of European Russia on a scale of 60 versts per inch, covering the area in the south to the Crimea (except for the Caucasus) and in the north to the latitude of Leningrad. The relief on this map is expressed by horizontal lines, individual steps of heights are expressed in two colors: low steps from 0-200 fathoms, after 20 fathoms, are painted with green paint; steps from 200 fathoms, through 50 fathoms, are painted brown. In 1897, A. A. Tillo published a new hypsometric map of European Russia on a scale of 40 versts per inch, built on the same basis as the first. The first hypsometric map of all European Russia was compiled by Yu. M. Shokalsky on a scale of 365 versts per inch; it is placed in the 54th volume of the Brockhaus Encyclopedic Dictionary.
Somewhat earlier, under the leadership of the military surveyor A.P. Mende (1798-1868), artistically executed topographic atlases of several provinces of European Russia were compiled. Mende's works were carried out at the initiative of the Geographical Society and published by them.
Despite the great development in the 19th century. degree measurements, triangulation and survey work, during this period cartography owes its successes not to astronomy and geodesy, but to the development of geographical sciences. In this regard, the 19th century. differs significantly from the 18th century, when cartography was pushed forward almost exclusively by astronomers and surveyors.
A feature of science in the 19th century. is, as noted above, an increasing specialization of scientific disciplines. This specialization was also reflected in cartography by the appearance of an increasing number of so-called special maps - geological, soil, climatic, zoogeographical, phytogeographical, and, in later times, economic-geographical. Among the largest works, the geological map of Azerbaijan on a scale of 1:500000 on 27 sheets (ed. 1894-1897) should be noted; geological survey maps of European Russia on scales of 60 and 160 versts per inch (published in 1892 and 1897) and a number of others. Economic cartography received exceptional development in the 20th century.
