There have been many rulers in the history of Russia, but not all of them can be called successful. Those who could, expanded the territory of the state, won wars, developed culture and production in the country, and strengthened international ties.
Yaroslav the Wise
Yaroslav the Wise, son of Saint Vladimir, was one of the first truly effective rulers in Russian history. He founded the city-fortress Yuryev in the Baltic, Yaroslavl in the Volga region, Yuryev Russian, Yaroslavl in the Carpathian region and Novgorod-Seversky.
During the years of his reign, Yaroslav stopped the Pecheneg raids on Rus', defeating them in 1038 near the walls of Kyiv, in honor of which the Hagia Sophia was founded. Artists from Constantinople were called in to paint the temple.
In an effort to strengthen international relations, Yaroslav used dynastic marriages, gave his daughter Princess Anna Yaroslavna in marriage to the French King Henry I.
Yaroslav the Wise actively built the first Russian monasteries, founded the first large school, allocated large funds for translations and correspondence of books, published the Church Charter and the Russian Truth. In 1051, having gathered the bishops, he himself appointed Hilarion as metropolitan, for the first time without the participation of the Patriarch of Constantinople. Hilarion became the first Russian metropolitan.
Ivan III
Ivan III can be confidently called one of the most successful rulers in the history of Russia. It was he who managed to gather around Moscow the scattered principalities of northeastern Rus'. During his lifetime, the Yaroslavl and Rostov principalities, Vyatka, Great Perm, Tver, Novgorod and other lands became part of a single state.
Ivan III was the first of the Russian princes to take the title "Sovereign of All Rus'", and introduced the term "Russia" into use. He also became the liberator of Rus' from the yoke. Standing on the Ugra River, which happened in 1480, marked the final victory of Rus' in the struggle for its independence.
Adopted in 1497, the Sudebnik of Ivan III laid the legal foundations for overcoming feudal fragmentation. The Sudebnik had a progressive character for its time: at the end of the 15th century, not every European country could boast of uniform legislation.
The unification of the country required a new state ideology and its foundations appeared: Ivan III approved the double-headed eagle, which was used in the state symbols of Byzantium and the Holy Roman Empire, as the symbol of the country.
During the life of Ivan III, the main part of the architectural ensemble of the Kremlin, which we can observe today, was created. The Russian Tsar invited Italian architects for this. Under Ivan III, about 25 churches were built in Moscow alone.
Ivan the Terrible
Ivan the Terrible is an autocrat whose reign still has very different, often opposite, assessments, but at the same time his effectiveness as a ruler is difficult to dispute.
He successfully fought against the successors of the Golden Horde, annexed the Kazan and Astrakhan kingdoms to Russia, significantly expanded the territory of the state to the east, subjugating the Great Nogai Horde and the Siberian Khan Edigey. However, the Livonian War ended with the loss of part of the land, without solving its main task - access to the Baltic Sea.
Under Grozny, diplomacy developed, Anglo-Russian contacts were established. Ivan IV was one of the most educated people of his time, possessed a phenomenal memory and erudition, wrote numerous messages himself, was the author of music and the text of the service of the feast of Our Lady of Vladimir, the canon to the Archangel Michael, developed book printing in Moscow, supported the chroniclers.
Peter I
Peter's coming to power radically changed the vector of Russia's development. The tsar “cut a window to Europe”, fought a lot and successfully, fought against the clergy, reformed the army, education and the tax system, created the first fleet in Russia, changed the tradition of chronology, and carried out a regional reform.
Peter personally met with Leibniz and Newton, was an honorary member of the Paris Academy of Sciences. By order of Peter I, books, instruments, weapons were purchased abroad, foreign craftsmen and scientists were invited to Russia.
During the reign of the emperor, Russia gained a foothold on the shores of the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov, received access to the Baltic Sea. After the Persian campaign, the western coast of the Caspian Sea with the cities of Derbent and Baku moved to Russia.
Under Peter I, outdated forms of diplomatic relations and etiquette were abolished, and permanent diplomatic missions and consulates abroad were established.
Numerous expeditions, including those to Central Asia, the Far East and Siberia, made it possible to begin a systematic study of the country's geography and develop cartography.
Catherine II
The main German on the Russian throne, Catherine II was one of the most effective Russian rulers. Under Catherine II, Russia finally gained a foothold on the Black Sea, the lands were annexed, which received the name Novorossia: the Northern Black Sea region, Crimea, and the Kuban region. Catherine took Eastern Georgia under Russian citizenship and returned the Western Russian lands torn away by the Poles.
Under Catherine II, the population of Russia increased significantly, hundreds of new cities were built, the treasury quadrupled, industry and agriculture rapidly developed - Russia began to export bread for the first time.
During the reign of the empress, paper money was introduced for the first time in Russia, a clear territorial division of the empire was carried out, a system of secondary education was created, an observatory, a physics office, an anatomical theater, a botanical garden, instrumental workshops, a printing house, a library, and an archive were founded. In 1783, the Russian Academy was founded, which became one of the leading scientific bases in Europe.
Alexander I
Alexander I - Emperor, under which Russia defeated the Napoleonic coalition. During the reign of Alexander I, the territory of the Russian Empire expanded significantly: Eastern and Western Georgia, Mingrelia, Imeretia, Guria, Finland, Bessarabia, most of Poland (which formed the Kingdom of Poland) passed into Russian citizenship.
With domestic policy, Alexander the First was not going smoothly (“Arakcheevshchina”, police measures against the opposition), but Alexander I carried out a number of reforms: merchants, philistines and state-owned settlers were given the right to buy uninhabited lands, ministries and a cabinet of ministers were established, a decree was issued about free cultivators, who created the category of personally free peasants.
Alexander II
Alexander II went down in history as the "Liberator". Under him, serfdom was abolished. Alexander II reorganized the army, shortened the term of military service, and corporal punishment was abolished under him. Alexander II established the State Bank, carried out financial, monetary, police and university reforms.
During the reign of the emperor, the Polish uprising was suppressed, the Caucasian War ended. According to the Aigun and Beijing treaties with the Chinese Empire, Russia annexed the Amur and Ussuri regions in 1858-1860. In 1867-1873, the territory of Russia increased due to the conquest of the Turkestan Territory and the Ferghana Valley and the voluntary entry into the vassal rights of the Emirate of Bukhara and the Khiva Khanate.
What Alexander II still cannot be forgiven for is the sale of Alaska.
Alexander III
Russia spent almost its entire history in wars. There were no wars only during the reign of Alexander III.
He was called "the most Russian tsar", "Peacemaker". Sergei Witte spoke of him this way: "Emperor Alexander III, having received Russia at the confluence of the most unfavorable political conditions, deeply raised the international prestige of Russia without shedding a drop of Russian blood."
The merits of Alexander III in foreign policy were noted by France, which named the main bridge over the Seine in Paris in honor of Alexander III. Even the Emperor of Germany Wilhelm II said after the death of Alexander III: "This, indeed, was the autocratic Emperor."
In domestic politics, the activities of the emperor were also successful. A real technical revolution took place in Russia, the economy stabilized, industry developed by leaps and bounds. In 1891, Russia began building the Great Siberian Railway.
Joseph Stalin
The era of Stalin's rule was ambiguous, but it is difficult to deny that he "took over the country with a plow, and left it with a nuclear bomb." Do not forget that it was under Stalin that the USSR won the Great Patriotic War. Let's remember the numbers.
During the reign of Joseph Stalin, the population of the USSR increased from 136.8 million people in 1920 to 208.8 million in 1959. Under Stalin, the country's population became literate. According to the 1879 census, the population of the Russian Empire was 79% illiterate, by 1932 the literacy of the population had risen to 89.1%.
The total volume of industrial production per capita for 1913-1950 in the USSR increased 4 times. The growth in agricultural production by 1938 was + 45% compared to 1913 and + 100% compared to 1920.
By the end of Stalin's rule in 1953, the gold reserves had grown 6.5 times and reached 2,050 tons.
Nikita Khrushchev
Despite all the ambiguity of Khrushchev's domestic (giving back Crimea) and foreign (Cold War) policies, it was during his reign that the USSR became the world's first space power.
After Nikita Khrushchev's report at the 20th Congress of the CPSU, the country breathed more freely, a period of relative democracy began, in which citizens were not afraid to go to jail for telling a political anecdote.
During this period, there was an upsurge in Soviet culture, from which the ideological shackles were removed. The country discovered the genre of "street poetry", the poets Robert Rozhdestvensky, Andrei Voznesensky, Yevgeny Yevtushenko, Bella Akhmadulina were known by the whole country.
During the years of Khrushchev's rule, International Youth Festivals were held, Soviet people gained access to the world of imports and foreign fashion. In general, breathing in the country has become easier.
Throughout human history, many evil and infamous leaders have fought for power. While many politicians wanted to improve the lives of the people, others pursued only their own interests.
Their selfish goals led to gross abuses of power that resulted in the death of many people. We present to your attention the 25 most brutal dictators in the history of mankind.
1. Herod the Great
Herod the Great is the same Herod mentioned in the Bible. He slaughtered many male children when he learned that the messiah was born into the world - Jesus Christ, who was named king. Herod could not stand the competition, so he ordered the babies to be killed, but Jesus was not among them.
The ancient historian Josephus recorded his other sinful deeds, including the murder of his three sons, his favorite of 10 wives, the drowning of a priest, the murder of his legitimate mother, and, as the legend says, many Jewish leaders.
When the Roman emperor Nero came to power after the death of his stepfather, he gradually orchestrated the carnage. First, he killed his mother, Agrippina the Younger, and then he killed two of his wives. Finally, he decided to burn the whole of Great Rome just to watch it burn and then rebuild it. After things calmed down, he blamed the fire on the Christians and they were persecuted, tortured and killed. In the end, he committed suicide.
3. Saddam Hussein
Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein ruled the country with an iron fist. During his reign, he deliberately invaded Iran and Kuwait. By the time Saddam became president, Iraq was a booming country with one of the highest living standards in the Middle East. But the two wars that the new leader provoked brought the Iraqi economy into a state of acute crisis and decline. By his order, all his friends, enemies and relatives were killed. He gave orders to kill and rape the children of his competitors. In 1982, he murdered 182 Shiite civilians. On October 19, 2005, the trial of the former Iraqi president began. Especially for him, the death penalty was reintroduced in the country.
4. Pope Alexander VI
The Vatican papacy showed us long ago that some popes are very evil and cruel rulers, but the most evil of them was Alexander VI (Rodrigo Borgia). He was not a devout Catholic, but only a secular pope who used power to achieve his goals.
In his youth, he did not constrain himself with vows of chastity and celibacy. He had many mistresses. And with one of them, the rich Roman woman Vanozza dei Cattanei, he was in touch for many years and had four children from her, the most famous of which are Cesare Borgia and Lucrezia - ambitious, unprincipled, power-hungry and voluptuous young people. By the way, the Pope cohabited with his beautiful daughter Lucretia and, according to rumors, it was he who was the father of her son.
He staged orgies and confiscated money from the rich to finance his riotous lifestyle. On August 18, 1503, the Pope died in terrible agony from poison.
5. Muammar Gaddafi
Muammar Gaddafi did everything he could while he was the political leader of Libya. He liquidated all political opposition, declaring it illegal. Banned entrepreneurship and freedom of speech. All books that did not suit him were burned. Despite the huge economic potential of Libya, many economic experts have recognized the decline of the country, as Gaddafi squandered most of the funds. His reign is considered one of the most brutal and totalitarian eras in North African history.
Muammar Gaddafi was killed on October 20, 2011 near the city of Sirte. His convoy, while trying to leave the city, came under attack from NATO aircraft.
6. Fidel Castro
Before the reign of Fidel Castro, Cuba was a prosperous country with a rich economy, but as soon as Castro overthrew Fulgencio Batista in 1959, all this collapsed under the yoke of despotic communist rule. Over 500 political opponents were shot in two years. According to experts, during the 50 years of Fidel Castro's rule, thousands of people were executed. Newspapers were not printed at that time. Priests, homosexuals and other people objectionable to the new government served time in camps. Freedom of speech has been abolished. The people had no rights. 90% of people lived below the poverty line.
7. Caligula
Gaius Julius Caesar or Caligula, whose name has become synonymous with cruelty, madness and evil, is known throughout the world. He declared himself God, slept with his sisters, had many wives, which he was very proud of, and did many other immoral things. Caesar was spending money on luxurious things while his own people were starving. Caligula terrorized ancient Rome with his unbridled madness, talked to the moon and tried to appoint his horse as a consul. The biggest evil he did was to give the order to saw innocent people in half during one of his sumptuous feasts.
8. King John
King John the Landless is considered one of the worst kings in British history. He is best known for being first landless and then a king without a kingdom. Sensual, lazy, lustful, cruel, treacherous, immoral - this is his portrait.
When his enemies came to him, John threw them into the castle and starved them to death. In order to build a huge army and navy, he taxed England heavily, took land from the nobles and imprisoned them, and tortured the Jews until they paid him the right amount. The king died of a terrible fever.
9. Empress Wu Zetian
Wu Zetian is one of the few female leaders in ancient history and history in general. Her life is very remarkable. Becoming the emperor's concubine at the age of 13, she eventually became empress herself. After the death of the emperor, the heir to the throne, realized that he could not do without the faithful Wu Zetian and introduced her to his harem, which became a sensation for that time. Some time passed, and in 655 Gaozong officially recognized Wu Zetian as his wife. This meant that now it was she who was the main wife.
She was a mean schemer. On her orders, they killed, for example, her husband's uncle. Anyone who dared to go against her was immediately killed. At the end of her life, she was overthrown from the throne. She was treated better than she herself had dealt with her enemies, and was allowed to die a natural death.
10. Maximilian Robespierre
The architect of the French Revolution and the author of The Reign of Terror, Maximilian Robespierre, constantly spoke of the overthrow of the king and the uprising against the aristocracy. Elected to the Committee of General Salvation, Robespierre unleashed a bloody terror, which was marked by many arrests, the murder of 300,000 alleged enemies, of which 17,000 were executed by guillotine. Soon the Convention decided to prosecute Robespierre and his supporters. They tried to organize resistance in the Paris City Hall, but were captured by troops loyal to the Convention, and executed a day later.
11. Go Amin
General Idi Amin deposed elected official Milton Obote and declared himself President of Uganda in 1971. He imposed a brutal regime on the country that lasted eight years, expelled 70,000 Asians, slaughtered 300,000 civilians, and ultimately brought the country to economic ruin. He was overthrown in 1979 but never answered for his crimes. Idi Amin died in Saudi Arabia on 16 August 2003 at the age of 75.
12. Timur
Born in 1336, Timur, known to many as Tamerlane, became a tyrant and bloodthirsty conqueror of Asia in the Middle East. He was able to conquer some corners of Russia and even occupied Moscow, led an uprising in Persia, being several thousand kilometers away. He did all this by destroying cities, exterminating the population and building towers from their corpses. In India or Baghdad, wherever he was, everything was accompanied by massacres, destruction and thousands of people killed.
Genghis Khan was a ruthless Mongol warlord who was successful in his conquests. He ruled one of the largest empires in history. But, of course, he paid a high price for this. He was responsible for the deaths of 40 million people. His battles reduced the world's population by 11%!
14. Vlad Tepes
Vlad Tepes is better known by a different name - Count Dracula. He notoriously became famous for his sadistic torture of enemies and civilians, among which the most terrible is the piercing of the anus. Dracula impaled living people. Once he invited a lot of vagabonds to the palace, locked them in the palace and set them on fire. He also nailed caps to the heads of the Turkish ambassadors, which they refused to take off in front of him.
The grandson of Ivan the Great, Ivan the Terrible brought Rus' to Unity, but during his reign he received the nickname Grozny for the many reforms and terrors carried out. From childhood, Ivan had a bad temper, he really liked torturing animals. After becoming king, he carried out a series of peaceful political reforms. But when his wife died, he fell into a deep depression, and then the era of the Great Terror began. He seized land, created a police force to fight dissent. Many nobles were blamed for the death of his wife. He beat his pregnant daughter, killed his son in a fit of rage, and blinded the architect of St. Basil's Cathedral.
Attila - the great leader of the Huns, who highly valued gold. All his raids were accompanied by robberies, destruction and rape. Desiring absolute power, he killed his own brother Bled. One of the great invasions of his army is the city of Naisus. It was so terrible that for many years the corpses blocked the road to the flow of the Danube River. Once Attila stabbed deserters through the rectum and ate two of his own sons.
17. Kim Jong Il
Kim Jong Il is one of the most "successful" dictators along with Joseph Stalin. When he came to power in 1994, he was left with an impoverished North Korea with a starving population. Instead of helping his people, he spent all his money on building the world's fifth largest military base, while millions of people were starving to death. He deceived the United States by not giving them his nuclear developments. According to him, he has created a unique nuclear weapon and is terrorizing South Korea with threats. Kim Jong Il supported the American bombing of Vietnam, where many South Korean officials were killed and civilians were massacred.
18. Vladimir Ilyich Lenin
Lenin was the first leader of revolutionary Soviet Russia, adhering to the ideology of overthrowing the monarchy and turning Russia into a totalitarian state. His Red Terror - a set of punitive measures against class social groups - is known throughout the world. Among the social groups there were many repressed peasants, industrial workers, priests who opposed the Bolshevik government. In the first months of terror, 15,000 people died, many priests and monks were crucified.
Leopold II, King of the Belgians, was nicknamed the Butcher of the Congo. His army captured the Congo Basin and terrorized the local population. He himself had never been to the Congo, but on his orders 20 million people were killed there. He often showed his military the hands of the rebellious workers. The period of his reign was marked by the devastation of the state treasury. King Leopold II died at the age of 75.
Pol Pot, the leader of the Khmer Rouge movement, is put on a par with Hitler. During his reign in Cambodia, which is less than four years, more than 3,500,000 people were killed. His policy was as follows: the path to a happy life lies through the rejection of modern Western values, the destruction of cities that carry a pernicious infection, and the re-education of their inhabitants. This ideology marked the beginning of the creation of concentration camps, the destruction of the local population in the regions and their actual eviction.
21. Mao Zedong
The head of the Central Committee of the Communist Party, Mao Zedong, took over China with the help of the Soviet army, founding the PRC, and until his death was its leader. He carried out many land reforms, which were accompanied by the theft of large plots of land from landowners through violence and terror. Critics always came across his path, but he quickly cracked down on dissent. His so-called "Great Leap Forward" led to a population famine from 1959 to 1961 that killed 40 million people.
22. Osama Bin Laden
Osama bin Laden is one of the most notorious terrorists in human history. He was the leader of the al-Qaeda terrorist group, which carried out a number of attacks on the United States. These included the 1998 bombing of the US embassy in Kenya, where 300 civilians were killed, and the September 11 air attacks on the World Trade Center in America, which killed 3,000 civilians. Many of his orders were carried out by suicide bombers.
23. Emperor Hirohito
Emperor Hirohito was one of the bloodiest rulers in Japanese history. His most important crime against humanity is the massacre in Nanjing, which took place in the second Sino-Japanese war, where thousands of people were killed and raped. In the same place, the emperor's troops carried out monstrous experiments on people, as a result of which more than 300,000 people died. The emperor, despite his power, never stopped the bloody lawlessness of his troops.
24. Joseph Stalin
Another controversial figure in history is Joseph Stalin. During his reign, all large land plots were under his control. Millions of farmers who refused to give up their plots were simply killed, which led to a great famine throughout Russia. During the era of his totalitarian regime, a secret police flourished, calling on citizens to spy on each other. As a result of this policy, millions of people were killed or sent to the Gulag. More than 20,000,000 people were killed as a result of his brutal tyrannical rule.
25. Adolf Hitler
Hitler is the most famous, evil and destructive leader in human history. His speeches full of anger and hatred, his senseless invasion of European and African countries, the genocide of millions of Jews, his murder and torture, rape and execution of people in concentration camps, plus countless other known and unknown atrocities, make Hitler the most cruel ruler of all times and peoples. . In all, historians attribute the deaths of the Nazi regime to more than 11,000,000 people.
Names and surnames of the great rulers of the world
Great kings, emperors, princes, general secretaries, kings, presidents and other rulers of the world have always been in the spotlight. These people ruled and decide the fate of the world. A lot depends on their decisions, professionalism, patriotism.
Some rulers left a bright light in history and their names evoke a feeling of gratitude and respect from their descendants. Other rulers abused power, were not ready for it and left a negative mark on history.
Here you will get acquainted with the names of world rulers from ancient times until the 21st century.
Political power- this is the ability of one person or group of persons to control the behavior of citizens and society, based on national or national goals.
Politician, political activist- a person professionally engaged in political activities.
Names and surnames of the great rulers of the Ancient World
Adrian Publius Elius Trajan- founder of the eternal city
Alexander the Great- conqueror of the world
Antoninus Pius, Titus Aurelius Fulvius Boyonius Arrius Antoninus Pius- humane ruler of Rome
Arminius- conqueror of the Romans
Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian Augustus- Roman Emperor
Darius I- a king among kings
Diocletian, Gaius Aurelius Valery
Herod I the Great- ruler of Judah
Cyrus II- wise king
Cleopatra- the last queen of Egypt
Constantine I the Great, Flavius Valerius Aurelius
Croesus- the richest king of Lydia
Marcus Aurelius- Roman emperor from the Antonine dynasty, philosopher
Justinian I one of the greatest Byzantine emperors
Chandragupta Maurya- ancient Indian king
Sargon, Sharrumken- founder and king of the Akkadian kingdom (2369-2314 BC)
Names and surnames of the great rulers of the Middle Ages
Alexander Nevskiy– Grand Duke II Nevsky
William I the Conqueror- Bastard King
Edward the Confessor
Henry- Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, the last in the Saxon dynasty Henry VIII- despot king
Gustav I Vase- reformer king
Dmitry Donskoy- winner of the golden horde
Elizabeth I Tudor
Ivan III Vasilievich- the collector of the Russian land
Ivan the Terrible
Yolande of Aragon- queen of the four kingdoms
Charles IV- the golden age of the Czech Republic
Charles V- rebelled against the Turks
Karl the Bold
Isabella of Spain- Spanish Queen
Catherine de Medici- Queen and Regent of France
Marie Antoinette
Mary Stuart
Anna Stewart
Akbar I the Great- the third padishah of the Mughal Empire. Akbar strengthened the power of the Mughal dynasty, through conquests significantly expanded the borders of the state
Peter I- the last tsar of all Rus' from the Romanov dynasty and the first Emperor of All Russia
Frederick the Great
Sigismund I- King of Hungary and Bohemia
Boris Godunov- Russian Tsar (1598-1605)
Kiyomori Taira- Prominent Japanese politician of the Heian era
Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (Caligula)- Roman Emperor
Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus- Roman emperor, last of the Julio-Claudian dynasty
Nadir Shah- 1st Shah of the Afsharid State
Abbas I- Established trade and political relations with European countries. Under Abbas I, Iran reached its greatest political power.
Names and surnames of the great rulers of the New Age
Alexander I
Alexander II- king reformer
Arthur Wellesley Wellington Duke, conqueror of the French
Aurangzeb- Mughal Emperor
Leopold I
Victor Emmanuel II- the first king of a unified Italy
Wilhelm I- Emperor of the Second Reich
William III of Orange- King of England and Scotland
Henry IV of Bourbon- King of the Huguenots
Gustav III- art lover king
Jacob Stewart
Louis XIV
Louis XV
Louis XVI- French king of the Bourbon dynasty
Carl Stewart
Catherine II the Great- Empress of Russia
Joseph II- rational monarch
Charles XII- general and king
Ferdinand I
Heraclius II- Georgian king, commander
Napoleon I
Napoleon III (Louis Napoleon Bonaparte)- President of the French Republic
Carl August- Prince of Waldeck-Pyrmont and commander of the Dutch army during the War of the Austrian Succession
Otto von Bismarck- German politician, statesman, politician, first chancellor of the German Empire (Second Reich)
George Washington- Founder of the American Institute of Presidents
Abraham Lincoln- 16th President of the United States
Otto I- King of Bavaria
Names and surnames of the rulers of modern times
Richard Nixon- President of the U.S.A
Adolf Gitler- Fuhrer of the Third Reich
Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini leader of the Fascists in Italy
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (Ulyanov)- leader of the world proletariat
David Ben Gurion- Founder of the State of Israel
Jawaharlal Nehru- builder of a new India
Indira Gandhi- Prime Minister of India
Josip Broz Tito- Leader of Yugoslavia
Hussein I- King of Jordan
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (Dzhugashvili)- head of the USSR
Kim Il Sung (Kim Song Joo)- Founder of North Korea
Konrad Hermann Joseph Adenauer- First chancellor of Germany
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk- Founder of the Republic of Turkey
Dwight Eisenhower- 34th President of the United States of America
Sun Yat-sen- Chinese revolutionary, founder of the Kuomintang party, one of the most revered politicians in China
Mao Zedong- Chinese politician and statesman, the main theorist of Maoism
Vaclav Havel- statesman, last president of Czechoslovakia and first president of the Czech Republic
Gerhard Schroeder- German politician, Federal Chancellor of Germany
Nicolae Ceausescu- Romanian statesman and politician
Todor Zhivkov- Bulgarian statesman and politician
Leonid Brezhnev- Soviet political, statesman and party leader
Yuri Andropov- Soviet statesman and politician
Margaret Thatcher- British Prime Minister
Hafez Al Assad- Syrian military, state and political figure, President of Syria (1971-2000)
Al-Assad Bashar- Syrian statesman and politician, President of Syria
Slobodan Milosevic- statesman of Yugoslavia and Serbia
Daniel Ortega- Nicaraguan politician
Muammar Gaddafi- Libyan statesman and military figure
Saddam Hussein- Iraqi statesman and politician, President of Iraq (1979-2003)
Yasser Arafat- Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization
Mandela Nelson- President of South Africa
Vladimir Putin- Russian statesman and politician, President of the Russian Federation
Nursultan Nazarbaev- President of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Alexander Lukashenko- President of the Republic of Belarus
Xi Jinping- Chinese statesman and politician, Chairman of the People's Republic of China
Fidel Castro- Cuban statesman, political, party leader and revolutionary, chairman of the Council of Ministers of Cuba
Hugo Chavez- Venezuelan statesman and military leader, President of Venezuela
Emomali Rahmon- Soviet and Tajik statesman and politician
Islam Karimov- the first president of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Hosni Mubarak- Egyptian military, political and statesman. President of Egypt 1981-2011
Silvio Berlusconi- Italian statesman and politician, four times served as chairman of the Council of Ministers of Italy
Babrak Karmal- Afghan political, statesman and party figure
Bashar Assad- President of Syria
Power- a great test and a great temptation. Not every ruler who comes to power is able to resist the temptation and honestly serve his people, his country.
Only a few rulers have earned the grateful memory of their descendants and left a bright mark on history.
Brilliant Roman emperor, military leader and philosopher Marcus Aurelius said: "Power corrupts some, makes others hypocrites, thirds opportunists, fourths use it to indulge their base feelings, fifths become a terrible tool in foreign unclean hands ..."
In preparing the page, materials from the site http://100grm.ru were partially used
From this list, you can choose a surname and order us its energy-informational diagnostics.
On our site we offer a huge selection of names ...
Our new book "The Energy of Surnames"
In our book "The Energy of the Name" you can read:
Automatic name selection
Name selection according to astrology, incarnation tasks, numerology, zodiac sign, types of people, psychology, energy
Name selection by astrology (examples of the weakness of this name selection technique)
Selection of a name according to the tasks of embodiment (goals of life, purpose)
Name selection by numerology (examples of the weakness of this name selection technique)
Name selection according to the zodiac sign
Name selection by type of people
Psychology name selection
Name selection by energy
What you need to know when choosing a name
What to do to choose the perfect name
If you like the name
Why you don't like the name and what to do if you don't like the name (three ways)
Two options for choosing a new successful name
Corrective name for the child
Corrective name for an adult
Adaptation to a new name
Our book "Name Energy"
Oleg and Valentina Svetovid
Looking at this page:
In our esoteric Club you can read:
Attention!
Sites and blogs have appeared on the Internet that are not our official sites, but use our name. Be careful. Fraudsters use our name, our email addresses for their mailing lists, information from our books and our websites. Using our name, they drag people into various magical forums and deceive (give advice and recommendations that can harm, or lure out money for magical rituals, making amulets and teaching magic).
On our sites, we do not provide links to magical forums or sites of magical healers. We do not participate in any forums. We do not give consultations by phone, we do not have time for this.
Note! We are not engaged in healing and magic, we do not make or sell talismans and amulets. We do not engage in magical and healing practices at all, we have not offered and do not offer such services.
The only direction of our work is correspondence consultations in writing, training through an esoteric club and writing books.
Sometimes people write to us that on some sites they saw information that we allegedly deceived someone - they took money for healing sessions or making amulets. We officially declare that this is slander, not true. In all our lives, we have never deceived anyone. On the pages of our site, in the materials of the club, we always write that you need to be an honest decent person. For us, an honest name is not an empty phrase.
People who write slander about us are guided by the basest motives - envy, greed, they have black souls. The time has come when slander pays well. Now many are ready to sell their homeland for three kopecks, and it is even easier to engage in slandering decent people. People who write slander do not understand that they are seriously worsening their karma, worsening their fate and the fate of their loved ones. It is pointless to talk with such people about conscience, about faith in God. They do not believe in God, because a believer will never make a deal with his conscience, he will never engage in deceit, slander, and fraud.
There are a lot of scammers, pseudo-magicians, charlatans, envious people, people without conscience and honor, hungry for money. The police and other regulatory agencies are not yet able to cope with the increasing influx of "Cheat for profit" insanity.
So please be careful!
Sincerely, Oleg and Valentina Svetovid
Our official websites are:
Who are the greatest rulers in our history? We have collected the 10 most interesting personalities who were able to launch activities of an incredible scale and go down in history for centuries. These are very bright and extraordinary people, and each of them has his own story.
The pages of history describe the life and work of a huge number of great rulers. They were able to conquer the world, exalt their countries, achieve wealth and glory. Moreover, they were able to literally turn the events of their time and go down in history.
Hitler is famous not only in his own country, but all over the world. This man managed to create and bring to power the Nazi Party. During World War II, the Führer encouraged the genocide of entire nations. He led Germany when it was in a deplorable state, and announced that the Jews were to blame for all the troubles. It is sad to say, but only a real leader could organize horrors and a war of this magnitude.
2. Odysseus
According to Greek mythology, Odysseus was the king of Ithaca. For his achievements, Homer immortalized the memory of his exploits in the poem "The Odyssey". Odysseus was physically strong and incredibly smart. It was he who slipped the famous "horse" to the Trojans.
3. Julius Caesar
Augustus, or Julius Caesar - the first emperor of the Roman Empire. He had full and comprehensive power in the state, which helped maintain peace and order. The inhabitants were immensely grateful to him for his calmness.
4. Alexander the Great
Alexander the Great is known as a legendary military leader. He could force entire cities to surrender without shedding a single drop of blood. This military commander managed to conquer a huge part of the world.
Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire from 1765 to 1790 - Joseph II - is famous for abolishing slavery and serfdom.
Genghis Khan went down in history as a very cruel ruler. At the same time, it applies to the most successful leaders. Thanks to his activities, the Mongol Empire was able to reach its maximum prosperity. He managed to unite most of the nomadic tribes of Asia, conquer and impose tribute on vast territories and countries.
7. Queen Elizabeth I
Queen Elizabeth I from 1558 until the end of her days ruled Ireland and England. She deserves to be called one of the most successful female rulers in history. Prior to this, women were generally not considered fit for any mental work.
8. Charlemagne
Charlemagne ruled the Franks from 768 until his death. It was he who managed to unite the scattered kingdoms, making them a powerful country. His era is called the time of the Carolingian Renaissance. During this period, science and art flourished.
This little man was an incredibly ambitious and successful ruler. He dictated his policy in the early 19th century throughout Europe. Napoleon made France a strong and successful state. Tactics and intelligence made him invincible on the territory of continental Europe. Napoleon's conquests ended in Russia in 1812. The Napoleonic Code laid the foundations for administrative division and judicial power for Western Europe.
10. Abraham Lincoln
16 US President Abraham Lincoln ruled the country during the Civil War. If not for his efforts, the territory would now consist of 2 separate states. It was he who signed the document abolishing slavery in the United States. For the United States, he is one of the most significant and great rulers of all times and peoples.
STARLINKS
Even contemporaries have something to learn from them!
Probably, only the Old World can boast of such an abundance of prominent rulers. Some of them were talented commanders, others were bold reformers, and still others skillfully combined both virtues.
Geiseric (428-477)
Geiseric conducted politics as if he were playing a game of chess.
In 429, he landed with an army on the North African coast, which belonged to Rome. Taking advantage of the confusion (the uprising of the Roman commander, the encroachment of the Berbers), the king managed to significantly expand the boundaries of his kingdom. Soon the Byzantine army appeared on the North African coast. Geiseric made peace with the empire: the Vandals and Alans received the status of federates in exchange for protecting the borders.
In 439 Geiseric captured Carthage and acquired a navy. Having occupied Sicily, the king forced the Western Roman Empire to agree to a peace treaty. The vandals threw off the status of federates and in fact became independent.
An uprising of the Vandal aristocracy broke out. Geiseric forever deprived the tribal aristocracy of influence and banned public meetings.
For universal recognition of him as a great king, Gaiseric needed to capture Rome. In 455, Emperor Valentinian III fell at the hands of the conspirators, chaos began in Rome. The Vandals have occupied the Eternal City.
Theodoric the Great (470-526)
Theodoric's first military feat was the defeat of the Sarmatians and the capture of their main city, Singudun. After that, the eighteen-year-old Theodoric began to consider himself the true ruler of the Ostrogoths.
The Byzantine emperor Zenon, in order to appease the aggressive neighbor, bestowed on him the title of consul. On the instructions of Zeno, Theodoric invaded Italy. He was opposed by the "official gravedigger of Rome" Odoacer, who was supported by many Germanic tribes. Theodoric with his army managed to inflict several serious defeats on Odoacer and even capture his capital, Ravenna. After that, a peace was concluded, according to which the two rulers divided power in Italy. But Theodoric did not like this.
Just a few days later, during a feast, he personally killed Odoacer. All of Italy was under the control of the Ostrogoths.
As soon as Theodoric succeeded in driving the Vandals out of neighboring lands and extending influence to southeastern Gaul, Byzantium appointed the king of the Ostrogoths as the legitimate ruler of the Western Roman Empire.
Clovis I (481/482-511)
Clovis took the throne at the age of fifteen. He got power over a small part of the Franks with the capital in Tournai. To increase his authority and political weight, the king became a Christian. To hide the cynicism, a beautiful legend was invented:
"During the battle, the Franks faltered, and Clovis asked God to give him victory - suddenly, the enemy king fell dead, and his soldiers fled."
Becoming a Christian, Clovis annexed Aquitaine to the Visigoths. His next goal was to unite all the Frankish tribes. He persuaded the son of the king of the East Franks, and he killed his own father, after which he died from the mercenaries of Clovis. So the king of the Franks deprived his opponents of both the ruler and the heir.
It was under Clovis that the Salic truth (code of laws) appeared, and Paris became the capital of the Frankish state.
The power and popularity of Clovis in Europe was also noticed in Byzantium. He was visited by ambassadors and given insignia - a chlamys, a purple tunic and a diadem - in recognition of his greatness.
Charles I the Great (768-814)
The King of the Franks took the title of emperor from the hands of the Pope for the first time in 400 years (since the fall of the Roman Empire). Charles annexed Italy, the lands of the Saxons and Bavarians to his kingdom, and also significantly advanced deep into Muslim Spain.
The pagan Saxons, whom Charles forced to accept Christianity, suffered more than others. Refusal of the new faith was punishable by death.
During the suppression of one of the uprisings, Charles ordered the execution of more than four thousand captive pagans. This event went down in history under the name "Verdun Massacre".
The uprising was crushed, the Saxons surrendered, and their leader, Vidukin, converted to Christianity himself.
The military successes of Charles were provided by innovations. First, the massive use of cavalry in attacks. Secondly, well-thought-out schemes for the siege of fortresses and the use of well-organized logistics.
Charles's empire reached the peak of its power by 800. Pope Leo III made the Frankish ruler emperor, giving him the nickname "Father of Europe".
William I the Conqueror (1066-1087)
Being illegitimate, but the only child of the ruler of Normandy - Duke Robert II the Magnificent, William became the heir to the throne. Although the French nobility gave him the nickname Bastard (illegitimate).
A difficult childhood left a certain imprint on his character and affected his education. Wilhelm could not read, was a secretive, suspicious and domineering person.
In 1066 he conquered England and was crowned King of England in Westminster Abbey.
In 1086, Wilhelm ordered an inventory of all the lands subject to him, as well as a census of the population, which would streamline the taxation system. Before Wilhelm, no one even thought of such a thing.
William died on September 9, 1087 in the French monastery of Saint-Gervais. A severe wound in the stomach, received during a campaign against France, had an effect. As soon as the king expired, his entourage removed all the jewels from him. Only one knight remained loyal to William. He moved his body to the church of St. Stephen in Cana. As soon as the coffin was in the city, a fire broke out. When the fire was finished, it turned out that Wilhelm's body did not fit in the grave. And attempts to “tamp” it there nevertheless led to such a stench, from which even incense did not help.
Frederick I Barbarossa (1152 - 1190)
Frederick assumed the throne of the Holy Roman Empire in 1152. First of all, he carried out army reform. At the disposal of Frederick was an army of many thousands, consisting of heavy knightly cavalry.
Frederick struck at the wealthy city-states of Northern Italy. He wanted to receive the crown directly from the hands of the Pope.
In 1143, the Germans dug in near St. Peter's, and Pope Adrian IV crowned Barbarossa.
On the same day, the inhabitants of Rome went on the attack and tried to expel the Germans, but their attack was repulsed.
A protracted war of the Germans with the Italian cities began. The new Pope Alexander III excommunicated the emperor from the church. However, Frederick managed to take control of Rome. Soon a plague broke out in his army. Italian cities revolted. The confrontation ended in 1174. Because of the defeat, Frederick agreed to recognize Alexander III as the sole pope, returned to him the power of the Tuscan margraviate and the prefecture in Rome. The pope, with a return curtsey, canceled the excommunication.
Gustav II Adolf (1611-1632)
Gustav became king when he was not yet seventeen years old. He inherited two wars (with Denmark and Poland), as well as an intervention in Russia. The Swedish army was in a deplorable state, not everything was in order with the state and finances.
Having dealt with the Danes and Poles, Gustav took up Russia. The result was the conclusion of the Stolbovsky peace in 1617 on favorable terms for Sweden. Gustav annexed Karelia, part of Ingria, cutting off Russia from access to the Baltic.
For his valor, courage and brilliant mind, Gustav was called the “Lion of the North”, and also the “Father of Modern Strategy”. He created the most powerful army on the continent, which became the most formidable force in the raging Thirty Years' War at that time.
Many of the innovations of Gustav Adolf are relevant today. For example, the use of maneuverable light artillery, the linear formation of mixed types of troops, aggressive offensive tactics. It is believed that the Swedish king personally invented the world's first paper cartridge.
The French monarch ruled longer than anyone else in European history - 72 years. Before Louis, none of the French monarchs fought so many wars.
First he annexed Flanders, then Alsace, Lorraine, Franche-Comté and some Belgian lands. After - Strasbourg, Casale, Luxembourg, Kehl and other territories.
The first thing the king did was to abolish the post of first minister. Under Louis XIV, his diplomats became the main ones in any European court. The monarch first introduced strict etiquette, and Versailles became the capital of European secular life.
Louis' main miss is the War of the Spanish Succession. Very quickly, ordinary citizens of France became poor, famine reigned in the country. The monarch managed to conclude peace with the British on very equal terms. France emerged from the war, albeit without gaining new territories, but without losing practically anything.
It is Louis who is credited with the famous phrase: “The state is me!”. The reign of this monarch is considered to be the Great Age of France. 
