1. Connect the pairs.

TWIN WORDS ANTONYMS

DOUBLE WORDS SYNONYMS

CONTROVERSIAL WORDS HOMONYMS

Homonyms- these are words that are the same in sound and spelling, but different in meaning. They answer the same question.

Words that are identical in sound and spelling, but belong to different parts of speech (answer different questions) are called homoforms

2. Deal with the parrots! Find homoforms.

The parrot says to the parrot:

- I'll scare you, parrot.

And in response the parrot says:

- Parrot, parrot, parrot!

3. Find homonyms.

My question is simple and short, -

The Rhinoceros said,

Which is better - forty fives

Or forty five heels?

Words that have the same spelling but different meaning and sound are called homographs .

Cod got arrogant

Y. Kozlovsky

In an Eggplant camisole

Was full of shine

In the kitchen in the morning

He told Herring:

- Cod is arrogant!

Look, so much cod

I deigned to raise it in a frying pan!

Goats jumping

Y. Kozlovsky

The clouds are already red

The pine trees are looking:

Goats jumping dashingly

Through the goats.

The owl shouted:

- I say this

Didn't approve of the case.

Come on, march, goats to the village!

The sun has set.

Y. Kozlovsky

The word is wonderful to me

It's easy to change:

Let's put the emphasis on O -

It disappeared wonderfully

It was a wonderful birth!

Hurry, sister, look at the fish,

They were hooked.

Dip your hand into the bucket,

Don't be afraid: these are perches.

The clay is dry,

Nina got angry

Not flour, but flour -

Science for cooks.

The mower mows,

And the bunny mows,

The coward is cowardly

And the donkey is a coward.

The needle goes up and down

The leaves have appeared.

Alyonushka sucks iris,

And the iris embroiders.

4. Homophone charades.

I am a herbaceous plant

With a lilac flower,

But change the emphasis

And I turn into candy.

I am a collection of cards; from stress

My two values depend.

I want - I will transform into a name

Shiny, silky fabric.

_______________________________

We are a stand for sawyers,

We are the coachman's seat.

But try it, put it on

We have a different emphasis.

Be careful with us:

We gore with our horns.

________________________________

5. Read the story.

Arrows and arrows

KVN was held at school. I got as far as the captains competition. The presenter wrote the words on the board arrows And carnations and offered to draw the named objects. When the captains showed their drawings, everyone laughed because the drawings turned out different. Why do you think?

One boy drew soldiers with weapons in their hands and small carnations. And the other one had a drawing of a watch with thin hands and beautiful carnations. The presenter asked the captains why this happened? The captains, in general, were not at a loss and explained everything as it should.

How would you explain your drawings if you were the captains?

6. Read two skits.

Scene one

Mother sitting at his desk, drawing.

Stepochka (running in with a fly agaric in his hands). Mommy, mommy, I have flu!

Mother (jumping up). Now lie down, you nasty boy! Please take your temperature. On the thermometer!

Stepochka , already in bed, extends his hand with a fly agaric to his mother!

Scene two

Mother sits in the same place, draws.

Pavlik (runs in with delight, sniffling). Mommy, look: I have the flu!

Mother (without raising his head). Are you sure it's not a fly agaric?

Pavlik sneezes and coughs desperately.

Words that sound the same but are spelled differently are called homophones .

7. Find homophones.

Y. Kozlovsky

You look like a bear, pine tree,

The cone was thrown out of sleep,

And on us, and on us

Drop the pineapple.

Y. Kozlovsky

One day the cat crept up to the parrot:

“Now, brother, I’ll scare you...”

But the parrot shouted from the cage:

- Shoot!

Like a gray cat, a lynx would run away here.

8. Read a joke story.

Awkward things

A. Shibaev

- Hello!

-What are you talking about?

– I’m carrying different things.

- Absurd?! Why are they awkward?

- You yourself are absurd. As I see it. I carry different things. Different! Understood? Here, I bring chalk...

– What did you fail?

– Leave me alone.

– But you say: “I couldn’t.” What did you fail?

– I'm bringing chalk!!! You need to listen. I'm carrying chalk. Mishka. He will need...

– Well. If his wife gets it for him, then why are you talking about it?

– Which wife? Is this Mishka’s wife?! Oh, you joker! I said: “He’ll have to.” It will be necessary, that is.

– That's it...

– I also have some good news for Mishka: I found the brand he’s been looking for for a long time.

– Tamarka?

– Yeah.

– And - okay, pretty?

– Beautiful! So green...

– That is, how?

– Wait, wait... What is this: her hair... is green?

– Who has hair?

– Yes, at Tamarka.

– Wha-oh?!

– Well, you yourself said: “Tamarka was found”...

– Ta! Brand! Mark, do you understand? The one that Mishka has been looking for for a long time. Understood? It’s so green... There’s an arch drawn there.

– Aha, after all, Tamarka is drawn! It means that Tamarka is depicted on the stamp. Yes? That's what I would say.

– Get off your Tamarka, you stupid head! There's an arch drawn there! Arch!!! Can't you even understand this? Goodbye, I have no time.

– Bye. Be careful not to lose your awkward things.

– What about you...

– Yes! Stop, stop!

– Well, what else?

– Say hello.

– To whom?

– Known to whom: Tamarka, Mishka and Mishka’s wife!

Lesson 50. Homonyms

Lesson objectives:

Form the concept of homonyms;

Introduce students to the types of homonymy: homophones, homographs, homoforms;

Develop the ability to use previously found methods when approaching new concepts, draw conclusions, evaluate the work of a friend;

Create a culture of communication.

PROGRESS OF THE LESSON

I. Organizational moment, motivation for educational activities

Good afternoon, guys. Let's look at each other and smile. I'm glad you're in a good mood. Give this good mood to your desk neighbor and our guests. I have no doubt that you and I will work very friendly and actively today.

II. Updating knowledge

1) Checking homework

Exercise 194

2) Vocabulary dictation (under topic page 90)

Key, sleeve (near the river; near clothes), hunting (when you really want something; animals), roll (drum; mathematical), discipline (education; school subject), scythe.

III. Setting a learning task

Today we will go on a journey to a certain kingdom, to a certain state, and which one you will soon find out. Now we will check whether you have packed all your luggage for the trip.

- Solve the crossword puzzle on the topic “Vocabulary”

1. Words that are similar in lexical meaning.

2. A group of words that denote similar, but not identical meanings, signs of action

3. Basic unit of language.

4. Words with opposite meanings.

5. Vocabulary composition of the language.

6. Words with multiple meanings

So, what are we going to study today, what is the topic of our lesson today?

Welcome to the kingdom of HOMONYMS!

Open your notebooks and write down the number. Cool job. The topic of the lesson.

We continue to get acquainted with the basic concepts of the “Vocabulary” section.

What do you think is going to be revealed today?

You must find out which words are homonyms, get acquainted with different types of homonyms, learn to find homonyms in a text, find them in a text, distinguish homonyms and ambiguous words, be able to use homonyms in speech.

IV. Working on the lesson topic

1) Problem situation

Let's go back to the vocabulary dictation Look at the words that I dictated to you What can you say about them
- So what are homonyms?

Compare with the textbook definition on page 90

2) Exercise 199 (oral)

3) Write down the sentences. Determine whether they contain homonyms.

Orange - fetus citrus tree. Floated along the river raft. I love bake pies. They were rearranging the house bake. drown ship. Need a stove drown. I I'm flying throat. I I'm flying by plane.

Conclusion: In the Russian language there are complete and partial homonyms (homophones, homoforms, homographs)

Homophones(from the Greek homós - identical and phōnē - sound), words that have the same sound, but differ in writing (ball - point)

Omoforms- words that sound the same only in separate forms (verse - poem; the wind has died down; glass - glass in R. p.; verb - glass water).

Homographs- words that are the same in spelling, but differ in pronunciation (flour - flour).

4) Determine the type of homonymy, make sentences.

Forest - climbed, scythe - scythe, in a hurry - write off, force - force, get off - lick, glass - glass,

5) Guess the homonym! Funny riddles.

Riddle 1

Really, my hair is a miracle!
It's not bad to braid me.
In the meadow with a sharp hissing
Managing the haymaking.
I go into the water like a stripe -
Narrow, gray and flat. (braid)

Riddle 2

I am a collection of cards; from stress
Depends on my two values;
If you want, I’ll turn into a name
Shiny, silky fabric. (atlas)

Riddle 3

I am a herbaceous plant
With a flower of different colors,
But change the emphasis
And I turn into candy. (iris)

6) Page 92 “T” (homonyms in the dictionary)

V. Summing up

We are words from Russian speech,
From your native language!
They write us the same way,
They hear us equally.
But not only appearance is important,
So take your time,
Haste is not always necessary
You get to the meaning.
Like a filling
The meaning is hidden in the middle,
Similar persons in spite of
In essence, we are far away.

What new did you learn in class today?

What tasks aroused your greatest interest?

VI. Homework

Along with homonyms, that is, homonymous words, there are also homomorphemes, that is, homonymous morphemes, that is, parts of words (prefixes, suffixes, roots, endings) that are the same in spelling and pronunciation, but have different meanings. For example, the ending - A in Russian means:

plural of second declension nouns ( city - cities),

genitive case of nouns ( house - Houses),

feminine past tense verbs ( started - started).

Homonyms, homophones, homographs and homoforms

Homonyms - words that sound the same at the same time And spelled, but different in meaning.

Homophones (phonetic homonyms) are words that sound the same, but have different spellings and meanings.

Homographs (graphic homonyms) are words that are the same in spelling, but different in sound and meaning.

Homoforms (grammatical homonyms) are different words that coincide in individual grammatical forms. For example, the verbs fly and treat coincide in the 1st person singular form of the present tense - I'm flying. Examples of homoforms.

Homonymy in taxonomy[edit | edit wiki text]

According to their morphological structure, homonyms are simple, or non-derivative, and derivative. Non-derivative homonyms are most abundant among nouns. Derivative homonymy is especially common among verbs (cf.: backfillA t- fall asleep and backfillA t- fill with something loose, etc.).

The so-called homoforms, homophones and homographs, which are similar to lexical homonymy, but characterize in the broad sense of the word the phenomenon of so-called stylistic homonymy, should not be confused with lexical homonyms: 1) the coincidence of the sound and spelling of one or more forms of words - homoforms(cf. roadsO th- im. n. masculine adjective and roadsO th- gender, date, sentence feminine adjective cases); 2) the same pronunciation, but different spellings of words and phrases - homophones(cf. eye - voice; could - got wet); 3) the same spelling, but different pronunciation of words - homographs(cf. hA mock And deputyO To).

Such phenomena, along with lexical homonymy itself, can be used for various stylistic purposes: to create expressiveness of speech, in puns, jokes, etc.

See, for example, Y. Kozlovsky in the poem “The Bear and the Wasps” from the series of poems “About diverse words, identical, but different”:

Carried by the bear, walking to the market ,

Honey for sale jug .

Suddenly on a bear - here misfortune ! -

The wasps got it into their head misfortune .

Teddy bear with an army aspen

Fought torn out aspen .

Could he not be furious? fall into ,

If the wasps climbed into the mouth ,

They stung where horrible ,

They are for this horrible .

Homonymous words, along with polysemantic ones, also form certain groups, connected internally by the unity of semantically different words, similar in spelling, pronunciation, and the same grammatical forms. Consequently, they, falling out of the system of words, semantically close or opposite, nevertheless represent formally united syntagms, i.e. elements of the general language system.

Note. Words that are homonymous should not be mixed with paronyms(gr. para - near + onyma - name), which differ in meaning, but are similar in pronunciation, grammatical affiliation, and often the relationship of the roots. For example, subscription - subscriber, everyday - everyday, offensive - touchy, provide - present and many more etc. (See about this in more detail: Vishnyakova O.V. Paronymy in the Russian language. M., 1984.)

Homonyms - words that sound the same at the same time And spelled, but different in meaning.

· Homophones (phonetic homonyms) - words that sound the same, but have different spellings and meanings.

· Homographs (graphic homonyms) - words that are the same in spelling, but different in sound and meaning.

· Homoforms (grammatical homonyms) are different words that coincide in individual grammatical forms. For example, the verbs fly and treat coincide in the 1st person singular form of the present tense - I'm flying. Examples of homoforms.

Homonymy in taxonomy[edit | edit wiki text]

Such phenomena, along with lexical homonymy itself, can be used for various stylistic purposes: to create expressiveness of speech, in puns, jokes, etc.

See, for example, Y. Kozlovsky in the poem “The Bear and the Wasps” from the series of poems “About diverse words, identical, but different”:

Carried by the bear, walking to the market,

Honey for sale jug.

Suddenly on a bear - here misfortune! -

The wasps got it into their head misfortune.

Teddy bear with an army aspen

Fought torn out aspen.

Could he not be furious? fall into,

If the wasps climbed into the mouth,

They stung where horrible,

They are for this horrible.

Types of homonyms

Homonyms are words that sound and spell the same, but have nothing in common in meaning. The term comes from the Greek language: homos - “same”, onyma - “name”. Let's say onion– plant and onion- weapons for throwing arrows, light the stove And sink ships.

Let's consider types of homonyms.

1. Some words are written the same but pronounced differently: castle And castle, steam(linen, vegetables) and steam(in the clouds) worth it(bread in the store) and worth it(car, tree). Such words are called homographs , which translated from Greek means “spelled the same way.”

2. There are words that are pronounced the same, but they must be written differently. For example, pond And rod, metal And metal, five And span. This homophones , translated from Greek - “sounding the same.”

Among homophones there are many pairs that coincide not in all of their forms, but in some or even one. If you start changing words by cases and numbers, you will immediately notice a difference in their sound. Let's say by the pond, to the pond – two rods, hit with a rod. Word " three"can also be a numeral ( three apples, three things) and verb ( three is stronger!). But not all forms of these words will coincide: rub, rubbed – three, three. Identical forms of different words are called homoforms .

Homonyms can be a hindrance in language communication, and they pose a particularly great difficulty for the translator. In this case, context helps, because... in natural conversation, words are rarely used in isolation. From the context it is quite easy to guess what meaning is meant: This is a very simple example. Equipment downtime is quite expensive.

Homonyms. Distinguishing between homonymy and polysemy. Types of homonyms. The role of homonyms in language

Homonyms are words that are identical in sound and spelling, but different in lexical meaning (the type of city is the type of verb). It is necessary to distinguish homonyms from other words that have the same spelling (flour and flour), pronunciation (rinse a child - rinse laundry), spelling and pronunciation (glass and glass water). Homonyms in a language appear as a result of: a) borrowing words from other languages (kok - hairstyle and cook), b) transformation of one of the lexical meanings of a polysemantic word into an independent word (braid - hairstyle and sandbank, agricultural implement), c) word formation (ambassador - a diplomat and pickling something). There are special jokes built on homonyms, they are called puns. Coins have no intelligence: not everyone who multiplied them lived correctly and wisely. Homonyms have no connection in their different meanings, but in polysemy they have similarities.

Russian literary language dictionary

Homophones, homographs, homoforms, paronyms, their difference from homonyms. The role of homonyms in language

Omoforms- coincidence only of a separate form of the words: I fly (from treat) - I fly (from fly); my (accessory) - my (commandant order from wash). Homophones- so-called phonetic homonyms (words that sound the same, but have different spellings and meanings): A gray wolf met a red fox in a dense forest. Homographs- graphic homonyms (words are written the same way. But they are pronounced differently, mainly depending on the stress; sometimes due to the fact that dots over E are not always used): we sing - we sing, flight-flight, atlas-atlas. Paronyms- words that are similar in morphological composition and, therefore, in sound, but different in meaning. The use of paronyms within a small statement or segment of text creates expressive consonances that emphasize the uniqueness of the semantic relationships between words. Many proverbs are based on the use of paronyms: Then there will be leisure when they carry it out; Someone else's mouth is not a garden, you can't close the gate. Homonyms, along with actual lexical homonymy, can be used for various stylistic purposes: to create expressiveness of speech, in puns, jokes, etc.