Nikolai Nekrasov biography brief summary. Biography - Nekrasov Nikolay Alekseevich

Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov is a Russian writer and poet who made the whole world admire with his works.

Origin

Nikolay Nekrasov was born into a noble family, which at that time had quite a large fortune. The poet’s birthplace is considered to be the city of Nemirov, located in the Podolsk province.

The writer's father, Alexey Sergeevich Nekrasov, was a military officer and a wealthy landowner who was very fond of gambling and cards.

N. Nekrasov's mother, Elena Zakrevskaya, came from a wealthy family, the head of which was a respected man. Elena was distinguished by her broad outlook and impressive beauty, so Zakrevskaya’s parents were against marriage with Alexei, but the wedding took place against the will of the parents.

Nikolay Nekrasov loved his mother very much which can be seen in the works “Last Songs”, “Mother” and in other poems and poems. It is the mother who is the main positive person in the writer’s world.

The poet's childhood and education

The writer spent his childhood with his brothers and sisters on the Greshnevo estate, which belonged to his family.

Young the poet saw how ordinary people suffered under the yoke of the landowners. This served as the idea for his future works.

When the boy turned 11 years old, he was sent to a gymnasium, where he studied until the 5th grade. Nekrasov was a weak student, but his first poems already filled the pages of notebooks.

A serious step. The beginning of creativity

N. Nekrasov's next step was to move to St. Petersburg, where he expressed a desire to attend lectures at the university.

The writer's father was a strict and principled man who wanted his son to become a military man. Son went against my father's wishes depriving yourself of financial support and respect from your family.

In a new city to survive I had to earn money by writing articles. This is how the aspiring poet met the famous critic Belinsky. A couple of years later, Nekrasov becomes the owner of the famous literary publication Sovremennik, which had great influence, but soon censorship closes the magazine.

Active work of the writer. Contribution to literature

Having earned a significant amount of money, Nekrasov decides to publish his first collection of poems “Dreams and Sounds”. The people did not like the collection, so it was a complete failure, but the poet did not get upset and began writing prose works.

The Sovremennik magazine, in which Nikolai Nekrasov edited and wrote texts, greatly influenced the life of the writer. At the same time, the poet created several collections of personal poems. For the first time big Nekrasov’s works “Peasant Children” and “Peddlers” brought fame to Nekrasov.

The Sovremennik magazine showed the world such talented people as I. Goncharov and other writers and poets. Leo Tolstoy and Fyodor Dostoevsky became known to the whole world thanks to Nikolai Nekrasov, who decided to publish them on the pages of the magazine.

In the 40s of the 19th century, another publication, “Notes of the Fatherland,” began to collaborate with Nikolai Nekrasov.

Young Nekrasov saw how difficult it was for a simple peasant, so this did not go unnoticed in the writer’s works. A striking feature of Nekrasov’s work is use of colloquial speech in works: poems and stories.

Over the last ten years of his life, Nekrasov published many well-known works about the Decembrists and ordinary people: “Who is Good in Rus',” “Grandfather,” “Russian Women” and others.

Death of a Writer

In 1875, N. Nekrasov was diagnosed with intestinal cancer. The poet dedicates his last collection, “Last Songs,” created in terrible agony, to Zinaida Nikolaevna, his wife.

On December 27, 1877, Nikolai Nekrasov was overcome by illness. The grave of the writer, who made a huge contribution to literary life, is located in St. Petersburg.

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Biography and episodes of life Nikolai Nekrasov. When born and died Nikolai Nekrasov, memorable places and dates of important events of his life. Poet quotes, photos and videos.

Years of life of Nikolai Nekrasov:

born November 28, 1821, died December 27, 1877

Epitaph

“Do not be afraid of bitter oblivion:
I already hold in my hand
Crown of love, crown of forgiveness,
A gift from your gentle homeland...
The stubborn darkness will give way to the light,
You will hear your song
Over the Volga, over the Oka, over the Kama,
Bye-bye-bye-bye!..”
From the poem “Bayushki-Bayu” by N. Nekrasov, written by him in the year of his death

Biography

Nikolai Nekrasov, familiar to us from school with his “folk” poems, with which he evoked compassion for the people’s suffering, was himself familiar first-hand with hardships and deprivations. Even as a child, “thanks” to his father, he saw violence, cruelty and death; Subsequently, he suffered greatly from poverty, and in the last years of his life he suffered terribly from an incurable disease. Perhaps it was misfortune that filled Nekrasov’s poetry with that feeling that evoked such a wide response from readers and put him in the eyes of many contemporaries on a par with Pushkin.

Nekrasov was born into a noble, once rich family. The father wanted the young man to join the noble regiment in St. Petersburg, but once in the capital, Nekrasov realized that he wanted to get an education. The young man failed the exam and remained at the university as a volunteer student. Moreover, his father became so angry that he stopped helping him financially, and young Nekrasov, suffering from dire need, was forced to look for any kind of income.

A few years later, the future poet’s affairs improved a little: he gave private lessons and published articles. Nekrasov long ago realized that the meaning of his life was in literature. Nekrasov’s first collection of poems was a youthfully maximalist imitation of the romantic poets, rather unsuccessful, so Vasily Zhukovsky advised the aspiring author to publish without a name, so as not to blush for these poems later.

One way or another, it was only in his mature years that the poet gained the fame that he rightfully deserved. The main work in Nekrasov’s life was the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus',” the result of many years of observations and thoughts about the serfdom system and the life of the people. By the time the poem was created, Nekrasov had already formed his own poetic school: a group of realist poets who contrasted their work with “pure art.” It was Nekrasov who became a symbol of the civic significance of poetry.

Two years before his death, doctors discovered Nekrasov had intestinal cancer, which made the last years of his life unbearably painful. The news that Nekrasov was terminally ill spread throughout Russia, and words of support and consolation rained down on him from all over. Nekrasov’s death caused a huge public outcry: several thousand people, mostly young people, escorted the coffin with his body from Nekrasov’s apartment to the Novodevichy cemetery. And when Dostoevsky, who spoke at the funeral, put Nekrasov in third place in Russian poetry after Pushkin and Lermontov, he was not allowed to finish, declaring the poet higher than Pushkin.

Life line

November 28, 1821 Date of birth of Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov.
1832 Admission to the Yaroslavl gymnasium.
1838 Moving to St. Petersburg.
1839 Admission as a volunteer to the Faculty of Philology of St. Petersburg University.
1840 Release of the first collection of poems “Dreams and Sounds”.
1842 Meet Avdotya Panayeva.
1843 Start of publishing activity.
1847 Nekrasov becomes the head of the Sovremennik magazine.
1858 Release of a satirical supplement to Sovremennik - the magazine Whistle.
1865 Creation of the first part of the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'.”
1868 Appointment as editor of the journal Otechestvennye zapiski.
1875 Disease.
December 27, 1877 Date of death of Nikolai Nekrasov.
December 30, 1877 Nekrasov's funeral at the Novodevichy cemetery in St. Petersburg.

Memorable places

1. G. Nemirov, where Nekrasov was born.
2. House No. 11 on Revolutionary (formerly Voskresenskaya) street, the building of the Yaroslavl gymnasium, where Nekrasov studied from 1832 to 1838.
3. House No. 13 on Povarsky Lane in St. Petersburg, where in apt. 7 Nekrasov lived from 1845 to 1848.
4. Nekrasov Memorial Apartment Museum in the former Kraevsky House (No. 36 on Liteiny Prospekt) in St. Petersburg, where the editorial offices of the magazines “Sovremennik” and “Otechestvennye Zapiski” were located and where Nekrasov lived from 1857 to 1877.
5. Literary and Memorial Museum-Reserve "Karabikha", where Nekrasov lived in the summer months in 1861-1875.
6. House-museum in the former hunting lodge of Nekrasov in Chudovo, where the writer spent the summer months from 1871 to 1876.
7. Novodevichy cemetery in St. Petersburg, where Nekrasov is buried.

Episodes of life

Nekrasov's father was a family despot who treated both his own wife and the serfs horribly. For the poet, his image personified the tyranny and cruelty of those in power, while Nekrasov’s mother became in his eyes a symbol of meek and long-suffering Russia.

Nekrasov’s personal life caused a lot of gossip and outrage in society. The poet was in love with Avdotya, the wife of his friend, writer Ivan Panaev, and the trio lived together in the Panaevs’ apartment for more than 15 years, which was the reason for public condemnation. And already at the mature age of 48, Nekrasov met a peasant girl, Fyokla Viktorova, whom he took out into the world, calling him by the more noble name Zinaida, and with whom he subsequently married.

Nekrasov, like his male ancestors, was an avid card player. But, unlike them, he won, and not vice versa. Thus, with the help of a card game, he managed to return the ancestral estate of Greshnevo, the poet’s childhood home, taken away for his grandfather’s debts.

Testaments

“Man was created to be a support for others, because he himself needs support.”

“Love as long as you love,
Be patient as long as you can,
Goodbye while it's goodbye
And God will be your judge!”

“I’m always annoyed when I come across the phrase “there are no words to express,” etc. Nonsense! There are always words, but our minds are lazy.”

As part of the “Living Poetry” project, Mikhail Polizeimako reads Nekrasov’s poem “Frost, Red Nose”

Condolences

“His glory will be immortal... Russia’s love for him, the most brilliant and noblest of all Russian poets, will be eternal.”
N. G. Chernyshevsky, writer

“I respect Nekrasov, as a poet, for his ardent sympathy for the suffering of the common man, for his word of honor, which he is always ready to put in for the poor and oppressed.”
Dmitry Pisarev, literary critic

“After Pushkin, Dostoevsky and Nekrasov are our first city poets...”
Valery Bryusov, poet

“... a gentle, kind, unenvious, generous, hospitable and completely simple man... a man with a real... Russian nature - ingenuous, cheerful and sad, capable of being carried away by both joy and grief to the point of excess.”
Ivan Panaev, writer and friend of Nekrasov

The fate and personality of each person cannot be fully understood without the fate of his family, his ancestors. From the beginning of the 18th century, the noble family of the Nekrasovs found themselves inextricably linked with the village (village, later village) of Greshnevo in the Yaroslavl district, which stood on the road that has long connected the cities of Kostroma and Yaroslavl along the left bank of the Volga. At the beginning of the 18th century, Greshnevo was part of the estate of the steward Boris Ivanovich Neronov, the poet’s great-great-grandfather 13* .

In 1736, the daughter of B.I. Neronov, Praskovya Borisovna, married the reiter of the Horse Guards, Alexei Yakovlevich Nekrasov. As a dowry for his wife, A. Ya. Nekrasov received a Yaroslavl estate - the village of Vasilkovo with the villages of Koshchevka, Gogulino and half the village of Greshnevo 14 . Thus, the first owner of Greshnev from the Nekrasov family was the great-grandfather of the poet A. Ya. Nekrasov. After his death (he died around 1760), the owners of the Yaroslavl estate became P.B. Nekrasova (died after 1780) and her only son Sergei Alekseevich, the poet’s grandfather. The retired artillery bayonet cadet S.A. Nekrasov and his wife Maria Stepanovna (nee Granovskaya) who lived in Moscow had six sons and three daughters, including Alexey, the future father of the poet 15 . Sergei Alekseevich, who was a passionate gambler, after a series of large losses, fell into large debts, to pay which he had to mortgage his estate. At the very beginning of the 19th century, he was forced to sell his house in Moscow and move his family to Greshnevo 16 . From then until the abolition of serfdom, the Nekrasovs usually lived in Greshnev.

S. A. Nekrasov died on January 3, 1807. 17 The poet's grandfather was the first of the Nekrasovs to be buried in the parish cemetery near the walls of the Peter and Paul Church * the village of Abakumtsev, located three miles from Greshnev. The grave of S. A. Nekrasov was preserved in Abakumtsevo until the beginning of the 20th century. Later, the children and grandchildren of Sergei Alekseevich completed their lives in the cemetery near the walls of this temple.

The poet's parents

The poet's father, Alexey Sergeevich Nekrasov, apparently was born in Moscow. Determining the exact year of his birth is quite confusing. For a long time it was believed that A. S. Nekrasov was born in 1788, but recently S. V. Smirnov, based on a number of documents, convincingly proved that the poet’s father was born in 1794 or 1795. 19 As stated above, Alexey Sergeevich lost his father early, who died on January 3, 1807. Soon the guardian assigned the three youngest sons of S.A. Nekrasov - Sergei, Dmitry and Alexei - to serve in the Tambov Infantry Regiment, which was then stationed in Kostroma. A. S. Nekrasov began serving in the Tambov Infantry Regiment on March 30, 1807 with the rank of non-commissioned officer 20 . At this time he was only 12 (or 13) years old. In the same 1807, together with the regiment A.S. Nekrasov set out from Kostroma on a campaign to East Prussia; Let us recall that there was an era of the Napoleonic wars and East Prussia was one of the main theaters of combat for Russian and French troops. On December 2, 1810, A. S. Nekrasov was promoted to ensign and transferred to service in the 28th Jaeger Regiment. On September 17, 1811, he was awarded the rank of second lieutenant. It was in this rank that the poet’s father met the Patriotic War of 1812. 21

The participation of A. S. Nekrasov in the Patriotic War was not usually discussed in Nekrasovology. As a rule, in literature we find Captain A.S. Nekrasov already in 1821, standing with the 36th Jaeger Regiment in Western Ukraine, in the Podolsk province, where his son Nikolai was born. What the poet’s father did in previous years, as a rule, remained “behind the scenes.” The reasons for such reticence are clear. A. S. Nekrasov had an established reputation as a cruel landowner-serf, while the participants in the War of 1812 were traditionally respected in the mass consciousness, and in order not to “undermine” their reputation, the question of Nekrasov Sr.’s participation in the Patriotic War was usually hushed up. V. E. Evgeniev-Maksimov writes that the question of whether Alexey Sergeevich “was any active participant in the Napoleonic wars, which coincided with his service in the army (...), remains open” 22 True, the researcher mentions the book by N.V. Gerbel “Russian poets in biographies and samples”, published in 1873, where it was said that “Alexey Sergeevich did the entire campaign of 1812-1814 (...) and lost two older brothers at Borodino » 23 . V. E. Evgeniev-Maksimov notes: “It is possible that this biography was reviewed by Nekrasov (we found a handwritten copy of it in the papers left after him).” 24 .

Yes, we do not have direct evidence of A. S. Nekrasov’s participation in the battles of the Patriotic War of 1812, however, we agree, it is difficult to imagine that, being in the ranks of the warring army, the officer did not take part in the hostilities. We do not know where the war ended for A.S. Nekrasov.

Nekrasovology, in fact, ignored the fact that three older brothers of Alexei Sergeevich (the poet’s uncles) took part in the war, who, as N.A. Nekrasov wrote, were “killed near Borodino on the same day” (XII, 17) * . In one of the documents, Alexey Sergeevich indicated that three of his brothers - Vasily, Alexander and Pavel - “were killed in battles” 25 .

After the end of the Patriotic War and the foreign campaigns of the Russian army, the 28th Jaeger Regiment, in which A.S. Nekrasov served, stood on the western borders of the empire, in the Vinnitsa district of the Podolsk province. Here A.S. Nekrasov met his future wife. On November 11, 1817, in the Assumption Church of the town of Yuzvin, Vinnitsa district, the wedding of Lieutenant A. S. Nekrasov and the Little Russian noblewoman Elena Andreevna Zakrevskaya took place 26 .

Little is known about the poet’s mother, E. A. Zakrevskaya, and what is known has long been controversial. Firstly, the question of the exact year of her birth is confusing. Traditionally it was believed that she was born in 1796. This date came into the literature thanks to V.E. Evgeniev-Maksimov, who in 1913 saw in the metric book of the church with. Abakumtsev’s record of her death: “In 1841, on July 29, Major Alexei Sergeevich’s wife, Elena Andreevna, 45 years old, died of consumption.” 27 . According to this entry, Elena Andreevna was born in 1796, and until recently this date was generally accepted. However, S.V. Smirnov, based on archival documents, established a different date - 1803. In the official list of A. S. Nekrasov for 1838 it is said that his wife is “35 years old” 28 . In the metric book of the Resurrection Church of Yaroslavl, where the funeral service for Elena Andreevna took place, the record of her death says that the deceased is “38 years old” 29 , which again points to 1803 as the year of her birth.

Secondly, we don’t even know what name the poet’s mother had: in some documents she is called Elena, in others - Alexandra. In this regard, the question of her nationality has long been raised in literature. According to S.V. Smirnov, the presence of A.S. Nekrasov’s wife with two names indicates her “belonging to Catholicism at an early age.” However, the researcher makes a reservation: “It seems that belonging to Catholicism as a girl does not indicate the Polish origin of the poet’s mother. Her Catholicism is the fruit of her father’s “careful” education among the Jesuits, a tribute to Polish-Catholic influence in the region, where the elements of Polish-Catholic culture were given the importance of prestige and belonging to the local elite.” 30 .

In 1820, the young couple had their first child, son Andrei, and at the very beginning of 1821, daughter Elizabeth. At the end of 1821, their third child was born - son Nikolai. For a long time, it was mistakenly believed that N.A. Nekrasov was born on November 22 (December 4, according to the current style) 1821 in the town of Yuzvin, Vinnitsa district. Only in 1949, A.V. Popov documented that the poet was born on November 28 (December 10, new style) in the town of Nemirov*, Vinnitsa district, Podolsk province 31 .

For some reason, the baptism of the future poet took place almost three years after his birth - on October 7, 1824 in the church of the village. Seniok, Podolsk province 32 . At baptism, the child received a name in honor of St. Nicholas, Archbishop of Myra in Lycia, who has long been especially revered in Rus'.

On January 16, 1823, A. S. Nekrasov “due to illness” was dismissed from military service as a “major in uniform” 33 . It was traditionally believed that the Nekrasovs moved to Greshnevo at the end of 1824. However, as V.I. Yakovlev recently convincingly proved, A.S. Nekrasov and his family arrived at the family estate near Yaroslavl in 1826. 34 The same researcher also gave a striking answer to the question why A. S. Nekrasov, who lived in Ukraine for almost three years after retiring, left there for Greshnevo. “As for the reasons for A. S. Nekrasov’s move from Ukraine to Greshnevo in 1826,” writes V. I. Yakovlev, “they (...) are obviously related to the situation that developed as a result of the defeat of the southern center of the Decembrist movement. Before retiring in 1823, A. S. Nekrasov served in the city of Nemirov, in a military unit belonging to the 18th Infantry Division, which, in turn, was part of the 2nd Army. The headquarters of the 2nd Army was located in the city of Tulchin, within 30 km from Nemirov. In Tulchin in 1821-1826. housed the central government of the Southern Society, headed by P. I. Pestel" 35 . Following the defeat of the uprising of the Chernigov regiment, mass arrests began in Ukraine. “Apparently, fears for the fate of his family,” continues V.I. Yakovlev, “and undoubted personal acquaintances from his previous service with many of the “conspirators,” which was directly implied by the position of brigade adjutant held by A.S. Nekrasov, served the main reason for moving to live in the family estate is the village of Greshnevo, Yaroslavl province" 36 .

Apparently, in the summer months of 1826, the Nekrasov family left the Podolsk province and went - most likely through Kyiv and Moscow - to the Upper Volga.

13. Yakovlev V.I. Family and hereditary possessions of the Nekrasov nobles in the 17th - first third of the 19th centuries. // Karabikha: Historical and literary collection. Yaroslavl, 1993, p. 226 (hereinafter – Yakovlev V.I. Family and hereditary possessions of the Nekrasov nobles in the 17th – first third of the 19th centuries).

14. Ibid., p. 226-227.

15. Nekrasov N.K. In their footsteps, along their roads. Yaroslavl, 1975, p. 247 (hereinafter referred to as Nekrasov N.K. In their footsteps, along their roads).

16. Evgeniev-Maksimov V. Life and work of N. A. Nekrasov. M.-L., 1947, vol. 1, p. 14 (hereinafter – Evgeniev-Maksimov V. Life and work of N. A. Nekrasov).

17. Yakovlev V.I. Family and hereditary possessions of the Nekrasov nobles, p. 229.

18. Monasteries and temples of the Yaroslavl land. Yaroslavl - Rybinsk, 2000, vol. II, p. 245.

19. Smirnov S.V. Autobiographies of Nekrasov. Novgorod, 1998, p. 179 (hereinafter – Smirnov S.V. Autobiographies of Nekrasov).

20. Ibid., p. 172.

21. Ibid.

22. Evgeniev-Maksimov V. E. Life and work of N. A. Nekrasov, vol. 1, p. 28-29.

23. Ibid., p. 29.

24. Ibid.

25. Smirnov S.V. Autobiographies of Nekrasov, p. 169.

26. Ashukin N. S. Chronicle of the life and work of N. A. Nekrasov. M.-L., 1935, p. 20 (hereinafter – Ashukin N. S. Chronicle of the life and work of N. A. Nekrasov).

27. Evgeniev-Maksimov V. E. From the past. Notes of a Nekrasov scholar // Nekrasovsky collection. L., 1980, issue. VIII, p. 223.

28. Quote. from: Smirnov S.V. Autobiography of Nekrasov, p. 11.

29. Ibid., p. 12.

30. Ibid., p. 176.

31. Popov A. When and where was Nekrasov born? Towards a revision of tradition // Literary heritage. M., 1949, t. 49-50, p. 605-610.

32. Smirnov S.V. Autobiographies of Nekrasov, p. 175.

33. Evgeniev-Maksimov V. E. Life and work of N. A. Nekrasov, vol. 1, p. 28.

34. Yakovlev V.I. Family and hereditary possessions of the Nekrasov nobles in the 18th - first third of the 19th centuries, p. 249-251.

35. Ibid., p. 251.

At the beginning of 1875, Nekrasov became seriously ill and soon his life turned into a slow agony.

Diagnostically spoke out at first Various assumptions puzzled me for quite a long time, but over time it became more and more obvious that we were talking about a cancerous tumor of the colon or rectum.

At the beginning of December 1876, the patient was consulted by a professor who was then working at the Medical-Surgical Academy Nikolay Sklifosovsky, who, during a digital examination of the rectum, clearly identified a neoplasm - “... in the circumference of the upper part of the rectum there is a tumor the size of an apple, which surrounds the entire periphery of the intestine and, probably, causes its growth to the sacral bone, which is why this part of the intestine is motionless; accordingly at the site of this tumor there is a very significant narrowing of the intestine, the narrowing of the intestine is very significant so that the tip of the finger barely penetrates it"

In general terms, Nikolai Alekseevich was familiar with his illness and realized that we were talking about a serious illness. His mood worsened. Doctors began to increase the dose of opium, but N.A. Nekrasov had a very negative attitude towards this, because he was afraid that it would affect his mental abilities, and he used the slightest opportunity for literary work - he continued to write poems.

The following lines date back to this time:

O Muse! our song is sung.
Come close your poet's eyes
To the eternal sleep of non-existence,
Sister of the people - and mine!

The treatments used turned out to be less and less effective. The patient suffered greatly. On January 18, 1877, the surgeon Prof. was invited to Nekrasov. E.I. Bogdanovsky. The sick poet himself turned to him.

On April 4, 1877, surgeons N.I. Bogdanovsky, S.P. Botkin and N.A. Belogolovy suggested N.A. Nekrasov to perform an operation and scheduled it for April 6. The operation was entrusted to E.I. Bogdanovsky.

Nekrasov's funeral. Drawing by A. Baldinger

When the question of surgery first arose, the poet’s sister A.A. Butkevich turned through a friend in Vienna to the famous surgeon Professor Theodor Billroth with a request to come to St. Petersburg and perform an operation on my brother. On April 5, T. Billroth’s consent came; he asked for 15 thousand Prussian marks for the arrival and operation. Preparing for the possible arrival of a Viennese surgeon, N.A. Nekrasov writes to his brother Fedor: " ...the money came immediately, except for 14 thousand on bills, you get 1 thousand interest. All yours Nick. Nekrasov" (March 12, 1877).

The doctors who treated the patient, including E.I. Bogdanovsky, had to agree with the decision and wait for T. Billroth’s arrival, although they clearly understood the urgent need to unload the intestines in an alternative way. Professor T. Billroth arrived in St. Petersburg on the evening of April 11, 1877 and was briefed on the history of the disease. On April 12, he examined the patient and talked with E.I. Bogdanovsky about some preparations for the operation and about the time of intervention, which they agreed upon at 13:00.

It was in vain that Billroth was discharged from Vienna; The painful operation led to nothing.

News of the poet's fatal illness brought his popularity to the highest tension. Letters, telegrams, greetings, and addresses poured in from all over Russia. They brought great joy to the patient in his terrible torment. The “Last Songs” written during this time, due to the sincerity of the feeling, focused almost exclusively on memories of childhood, about the mother and about the mistakes made, belong to the best creations of his muse.

In December, the patient's condition began to deteriorate quite quickly, although the colostomy functioned without any complications, with only occasional slight prolapse of the mucous membrane. At the same time, along with increased general weakness and emaciation, constant and increasing pain appeared in the left gluteal region, swelling and crepitus on the back of the thigh to the knee area, and swelling in the legs. Chills occurred periodically. Foul-smelling pus began to ooze from the rectum.

On December 14, N.A. Belogolovy, who observed the patient, determined, as he wrote, “complete paralysis of the right half of the body.” The patient was examined by S.P. Botkin. Consciousness and speech were still preserved. Every day the condition progressively worsened, and symptoms of approaching death appeared. The patient suffered greatly.

On December 26, Nikolai Alekseevich one by one called his wife, sister and nurse to him. To each of them he said a barely audible goodbye. Soon consciousness left him, and a day later, on the evening of December 27 (January 8, 1878 according to the new style), Nekrasov died.

On December 30, despite the severe frost, a crowd of thousands escorted the poet’s body from his house on Liteiny Prospekt to his eternal resting place in the cemetery of the Novodevichy Convent.

Nekrasov's funeral, which took place on its own without any organization, was the first time a nation paid its last respects to the writer.

Already at the very funeral of Nekrasov, a fruitless dispute began, or rather continued, about the relationship between him and the two greatest representatives of Russian poetry - Pushkin and Lermontov. F.M. Dostoevsky, who said a few words at Nekrasov’s open grave, placed ( with certain reservations) these names are nearby, but several young voices interrupted him with shouts: “Nekrasov is higher than Pushkin and Lermontov”...

Nikolai Nekrasov is a famous Russian poet, writer and publicist. His works have become classics of Russian literature. He was one of the first poets who began to pay great attention to peasant life.

After studying at the gymnasium for 5 years, he graduated in 1837, the year he tragically died. Since the father wanted to make his son a military man, in 1838 he enrolled him in the Konstantinovsky Artillery School, located in.

However, the future writer was not very interested in military affairs, as a result of which he decided to enter St. Petersburg University.

This decision infuriated my father. He threatened to stop financial support for his son if he went to university.

Interestingly, this did not frighten Nekrasov at all, as a result of which he began to actively prepare for passing the exams. But he failed to pass them, so he became a volunteer student at the Faculty of Philology.

Difficult years

Due to the fact that the father stopped sending money to his son, Nikolai found himself in dire need. He often went hungry, and often he simply had nowhere to sleep. For some time he lived on the street, eking out a miserable existence.

One day, a beggar passing by took pity on him and took him to one of the slums, where he could at least have a roof over his head.

These years will become the most difficult in Nekrasov’s biography, although they tempered his youth.

Literary activity

A few years later, Nekrasov managed to adapt to the conditions in which he lived. Soon he began writing short articles and publishing in various publications. In addition, he periodically gave lessons, thanks to which he had additional income.

Nikolai Alekseevich plunged headlong into literature, reading the works of Russian and foreign authors. After this, he began to hone his skills in writing poetry and vaudeville, and also worked hard on prose.

As a result, he earned the amount of money needed to publish his first collection of poems, Dreams and Sounds (1840).

An interesting fact is that Nekrasov was very upset by criticism of his works, since by nature he was a very emotional person.

Something similar was done before him, who bought and burned Hanz Küchelgarten.

However, despite the criticism, Nikolai Nekrasov did not give up, but rather continued to work on himself. Soon he began collaborating with the famous St. Petersburg publication Otechestvennye zapiski.

Every year his work became better and better, and pretty soon warm and friendly relations developed between Nekrasov and Belinsky.

During this period, Nekrasov’s biography and his works began to be actively published and received positive reviews from critics, including Belinsky himself.

The writer also did not experience any difficulties financially. In 1846, he, together with like-minded people, acquired the Sovremennik magazine, in which many writers later began to publish:, etc.

Due to the fact that the publication was under tsarist censorship, most of the works were of an adventure nature, but this in no way affected the popularity of the magazine.

In the mid-50s, a serious problem occurred in Nekrasov’s biography. He falls ill with a throat disease, as a result of which he has to go to Italy for treatment.

After staying there for some time, he recovered and returned to his homeland again. Meanwhile, his works began to be considered among the best, and Dobrolyubov was among his loyal friends and assistants.

In 1866, Sovremennik was closed, as a result of which Nekrasov had to look for new ways to continue his activities.

Soon he rented the publication Otechestvennye Zapiski, in which he began to successfully publish his own works, as well as collaborate with other writers.

The most famous work in Nekrasov’s biography is the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus',” which was completed in 1876.

It told the story of the journey of 7 simple men looking for a happy person.

After it, from the poet’s pen many poems came out that had positive reviews from both critics and ordinary readers.

Love in the life of a poet

In Nekrasov’s biography there were 3 women who differed from each other both in character and social status.

His first love was Avdotya Panaeva, whom Nekrasov first saw in 1842. Soon they began a whirlwind romance, as a result of which they began to live together.

And although they were not officially married, they managed to live together for more than 15 years. Avdotya was a literate and beautiful woman.

An interesting fact is that Fyodor Dostoevsky was in love with her, who, however, was never able to achieve reciprocity.

Nekrasov’s next girlfriend was the Frenchwoman Selina Lefren, who was distinguished by her easy character and simplicity.

Their close relationship developed over several years, but it never came to marriage.

The third and last woman in Nekrasov’s biography was Fekla Viktorova.

She lived all her life in the village, and was a very simple and good-natured person.

Despite the fact that she had a meager education, Nikolai Alekseevich fell madly in love with her.

The couple got married six months before the poet’s death, unable to fully enjoy their married life.

Death

In 1875, Nekrasov was diagnosed with intestinal cancer. The illness caused a lot of suffering, which did not allow him to fully engage in writing.

However, after he began to receive letters from devoted readers, he perked up and took up the pen again.

In the last years of his life, he managed to write the satirical poem “Contemporaries”, and also composed a number of poems “Last Songs”.

Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov died on December 27, 1877 at the age of 56 years. Despite the severe December frosts, thousands of people came to say goodbye to the Russian poet.

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