Don Cossack, participant in the First World War and Civil War. After the front he returned to the Don, fought with the Bolsheviks until the evacuation from Crimea. He was wounded four times and rose to the rank of captain. He worked as a lumberjack in Serbia and as a loader in France. During World War II, he fought with the Germans as part of the 1st Cavalry Regiment of the French Foreign Legion. Returning to Paris, he worked in a bank. He created the Museum of the Life Guards of the Ataman Regiment, the “Circle of Cossack Writers”. For 11 years he headed the Parisian Cossack Union. He was buried in the cemetery of Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois. Nikolai Nikolaevich Turoverov March 18, 1899 Starocherkasskaya village - September 23, 1972 Paris

Nikolai Turoverov DEPARTURE The smoky contour of Ayu-Dag is leaving. The autumn fields are left behind. A frisky gang is following the foam of the Steel Dolphins ship to the south. The bloody courage of yesterday is now a unique dream for us. The distance has crushed the leaden horizon, More and more miles are on the dial of the lag. I remember the bitterness of the salty wind, the overloaded list of the ship; The earth disappeared in the fog like a strip of blue felt; But no screams, no moans, no complaints, No hands outstretched to the shore. - The silence of the crowded decks was tense like a bow; The Bowstring of our souls became tense and remained so forever. The blue water overboard seemed like a black abyss to me, And, saying goodbye to Russia forever, I comprehended, I remembered forever The stillness of the crowd on the spardeck, These tears from trembling eyelids. 1928

Nikolai Turoverov That night we left the chase, Unsaddled our horses; I lay on a rough blanket among sleeping tired people. And I remembered, and I remember to this day, Our last Russian overnight stay, These stars of the coastal desert, This blue shimmering snow. The last grief guarded us After the snowy Tatar fields - The icy Pontic Sea, The icy soul of ships. Everything will dry up - both tenderness and anger, We will forget everything that we should remember, And only the name of the forgotten country will remain with us until the grave. 1937

Nikolai Turoverov CRIMEA We left Crimea Among the smoke and fire, I kept shooting past at my horse from the stern. And he swam, exhausted, behind the high stern, still not believing, still not knowing, that he was saying goodbye to me. How many times have we expected the same grave in battle? The horse kept swimming, losing strength, Believing in my devotion. My orderly did not shoot past, The water turned a little red... I remember the departing coast of the Crimea forever. 1940

From the Russified Germans a long time ago, even most likely the Dutch. In 1888 she began publishing poetry, then stories, novels, and plays. In 1889 she married D. Merezhkovsky. Their literary salon was always full of celebrities. Together with her husband, Gippius condemned with hatred not only the October Revolution itself, but also everyone who directly or indirectly supported it. In 1919, Gippius and Merezhkovsky emigrated and from November 1920 settled in Paris, where they tried to create a semblance of their St. Petersburg salon. November 8, 1869, Belev, Tula province September 9, 1945, Paris Zinaida Nikolaevna Gippius

Palm feathers swing on the moon. Is it good for me to live, How do I live now? Like a thread of golden fireflies, they fly by, blinking. Like a cup, the soul is full of melancholy - to the very edge. The distant seas are fields of pale silver lilies... My native land, Why were you killed? 1936 Zinaida Gippius

Russian poet and translator. Graduated from Tsarskoye Selo Gymnasium; After graduation, in 1913, pawning his gold medal, he went to study in Paris and began writing poetry. After the execution of Gumilyov, he decided to leave Russia and in the fall of 1922 he went to Berlin. During World War II, he served as a volunteer in the French army, was held captive for more than a year and a half, made two escapes from concentration camps, and since 1943 took part in the Italian Resistance, for which he was awarded military awards. At the end of the war he began teaching at the University of Paris. He died suddenly from a broken heart. Nikolai Avdeevich Otsup October 23, Tsarskoe Selo - December 28, 1958, Paris

Nikolay Otsup LIFE AND DEATH In the snow by the fire behind the bridge Silhouette of a sentry with a gun. How terrible it is that I forgot my night pass near the southern sea... And wave after wave flashed by, And the soldier approached through the snow. I woke up to the smell of roses Without Russia... I woke up to screams and tears Above the waves of a foreign and free element.

Aminadav Peysakhovich Shpolyansky Russian satirist poet, memoirist, lawyer. Don Aminado was born and raised in Elisavetgrad, studied law in Odessa and Kyiv, and upon completion of higher education settled in Moscow and began writing. As a soldier during World War I, Don Aminado published his first book, Songs of War (1914). He emigrated at the beginning of 1920 through Constantinople to Paris. Don Aminado May 7, 1888 – November 14, 1957

Don-Aminado County lilac How to tell the past spring, Forgotten, distant, different, Your face, clinging to the window, And your life, and your former youth? There was a spring that could not be returned... Brown, bare trees. And the hollow waters have a special turbidity, And the joy of birds changing their nomads. April cold. Grayness. Clouds. And a lump of earth flying from under the hooves. And this dark eye of the rootstock, Frightened, and wet, and squinting. Oh, I remember, I remember!.. The locomotive barked. It smelled of mint, soot and smoke. That smell, exciting to tears, the only, dear, unique, that freshness of swollen grain and the dusty, district lilac, which smells like the Russian spring, accustomed to late flowering

Don-Aminado CITIES AND YEARS Old London smells of rum, Tin, smoke and fog. But this smell can become the only one desired. And Seville smells of leather, Cypress and verbena, And a beautiful tea rose, Incomparable, incomparable. There are only two eternal smells of Paris. They are still the same: The smell of roasted chestnuts and the fresh smell of violets. There is something to remember in the late evening, When there is little left to live, What in this mortal life the Heart greedily inhaled!.. But there is one smell in the world And there is one bliss in the world: This is a Russian winter afternoon, This is the Russian smell of snow. Only the Heart, which remembers a lot, cannot remember him. And the shadows are already crowding at the last threshold. 1927

Don - Aminado Indian summer There is not even such a word in thick foreign dictionaries. August. Damage. Withering. Darling, the only ashes. Russian summer in Russia. The smells of dusty grass. The sky is some kind of ancient, dark, thick blue. Morning. Shepherd's pity. Late and bitter thistle. Oh, if only a narrow-gauge railway went from Paris to Yelets

At the age of 17 he began to write poetry, making his debut in print in 1887. Bunin was awarded the Pushkin Prize three times. In 1909 he was elected honorary academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. In the summer of 1918, Bunin moved to Odessa, and in February 1920 he left Russia. Emigrates to France. In 1933 he received the Nobel Prize for Literature. He was extensively and fruitfully engaged in literary activity, becoming one of the main figures of the Russian Abroad. He died in his sleep, according to eyewitnesses, on the writer’s bed lay a volume of Leo Tolstoy’s novel “Sunday.” Ivan Alekseevich Bunin October 10, 1870, Voronezh - November 8, 1953, Paris

Ivan Bunin A bird has a nest, an animal has a hole. How bitter it was for the young heart, When I left my father’s yard, To say goodbye to my home! The beast has a hole, the bird has a nest, How my heart beats, sadly and loudly, When I enter, crossing myself, into someone else's rented house With my already old knapsack!

Born in St. Petersburg into a military family. Real name is Igor Vasilievich Lotarev. The first publications appeared in 1904. During the years. The northerner performed many evenings in Moscow and St. Petersburg, meeting with enormous popularity among the public and was forced to emigrate to Estonia. He died in German-occupied Tallinn. Igor Severyanin May 4, 1887, St. Petersburg - December 20, 1941, Tallinn

Igor Severyanin Classic roses In those times when dreams swarmed in the hearts of people, transparent and clear, How beautiful, how fresh were the roses of My love, and glory, and spring! The summers have passed, and tears are flowing everywhere... There is neither a country, nor those who lived in the country... How beautiful, how fresh are the roses now of Memories of the day gone by! But as the days go by, the thunderstorms are already subsiding. Return to home Russia is looking for a path... How beautiful, how fresh the roses will be, thrown into my coffin by my country! 1925

Igor Severyanin Only you, peasant, worker, Human-blooded, alone, Motherland, different from all the others, And you cannot be destroyed by war. Because you are alive not by chance, but by an idea, strong and great, I bow to your mighty, sunny shining face. September 13, 1940

Igor Severyanin And soon it will be... And soon there will be a spring day, And we will go home to Russia... You put on a silk hat: You are especially beautiful in it... And there will be a holiday... big, big, Which never happened, Perhaps, since the whole globe was created, So funny and dilapidated... And you will whisper: “We are not in a dream?..” I will pinch you with laughter And I will cry, praying to spring And kissing the Russian land! 1925

Igor Severyanin Moscow did not understand yesterday, But tomorrow, believe me, Moscow will understand: To be born Russian is too little, For Russians to have rights... And, remembering the soul of their ancestors, he will stand up, Moving from word to deed, And anger will break out in the people’s souls, As thunder of living rain. And it will break the oppression, as the oppression has broken the rebel army more than once... To be born Russian is too little: They must be, they must become! 1925

Igor Severyanin I have seen many countries and no worse than her - The whole land is dearly loved by me. But compare with Russia?.. My heart is with her, And for me she is incomparable! Condemning the war, condemning the pogrom, violence against every nationality, I love Russia - my parental home - Even with all the dirt and dust... The thought is unthinkable to me that there is darkness over the dead... I believe, I believe in its resurrection With all the strength of my soul , with all the fire of your mind, with all the fire of your inspiration! Know, believe: it is close, our holiday, And it is not so far away - The expanse of our native villages will ring with Orthodox bells! And the dark but prophetic people will repent of their sins before God. He will stop before he enters the church, Hesitantly before the threshold... And, in delight, throwing a beam into the air, like a Golden spear, all-good words The sun will say from heaven: “On its Sunday, Russia forgives all the guilty!” 1925 Igor Severyanin The cradle of a new culture Just wait - Russia will rise, Will rise again and stand on its feet. From now on, the West will no longer deceive her with its inflated Civilization... Russia will rise, yes, Russia will rise, It will open its blue eyes, It will begin to speak fiery speeches, - The world will then bow before it! Russia will rise and all disputes will be judged... Russia will rise and the nations will gather together... And the West will no longer take a sprout from a worthless culture. And inspired and religiously, Fieryly believing and thinking seriously, A new flower will begin to grow in its depths with a formidable immutability... The time will come - Russia will rise, Truth will rise, untruth will lag behind, The world will rise to its rapturous glory, - The Motherland of the Sun is the East!

>>Poets of Russian diaspora about the Motherland. I.Otsup. It’s difficult for me without Russia... (Excerpt). 3. Gippius. Know! This is true. Don Aminado. Indian summer. I. Bunin. "The bird has a nest.."

“It’s difficult for me without Russia...”

Poets of Russian diaspora about the Motherland

When, after the October Revolution, a united Russia ceased to exist, two Russias were formed - Soviet and emigrant... There have been many cases in history when countries, due to certain regulations, were divided - East and West Germany, North and South Korea, North and South Vietnam. But people nevertheless continued to live on their ancestral land, and sooner or later parts of the divided country were reunited, and time healed historical and cultural scars relatively quickly. With Russia it was different. The territory remained indivisible, but a significant part of the most educated, enlightened, cultured people.

Russian emigrant writers had a clear understanding: without internal connections with Russian culture, spiritual death and complete dissolution in a foreign national environment would quickly occur.

Culture turned out to be the straw by which one could try to save both it and oneself.

That is why, in emigration, not only fiction, but also memories, memoirs, stories and articles about customs, rituals, life and in general about past life in Russia... Autobiographical essays are written in exile by everyone or almost everyone who is able to hold a pen.
V. Korovin

Nikolay Otsup

It’s hard for me without Russia...

Excerpt

Earth, and man, and this or that Country,
especially for the heart dear,
Whose custom and language pleases.
Whose name are you used to associating with lot,

Assigned to you. Great loss -
To be left without her... And maybe then
Having lost such (and such),
But having become a stranger or an enemy to her, -
Then, perhaps, you feel for the first time
All the depth of my life... It’s difficult for me without Russia...

Zinaida Gippius

Know!

She will not die, you know!
She will not die, Russia.
They will stir up, believe me!
Its fields are golden.

And we will not die, believe me!
But what is our salvation to us?
Russia will be saved, know this!
And her Sunday is approaching.

This is true

If the lights go out I can't see anything
If a person is a beast, I hate him.
If a person is worse than a beast, I kill him.
If my Russia is over, I die.

Don Aminado

Indian summer

There is not even such a word
In thick other people's dictionaries,
August. Damage. Withering.
Darling, the only ashes.

Russian summer in Russia,
The smells of dusty grass.
Some kind of ancient sky,
Dark, thick blue.

Morning. Shepherd's vest.
Late and bitter thistle.
Oh, if only it were narrow
She was walking from Paris to Yelets.

* * *
The bird has a nest, the beast has a hole.
How bitter it was for the young heart.
When I left my father's yard,
Say goodbye to your home!

The beast has a hole, the bird has a nest.
How the heart beats, sadly and loudly.
When I enter, being baptized, into someone else's rented house
With his already shabby knapsack!

Let's reflect on what we read...

1. What mood, what kind of music prevails in poems by different poets about their native land? What do emigrant poets talk about? Why is it “difficult for them without Russia”? What do they remember in a foreign land?

2. What state of mind is conveyed by the lines of different poets?

I would love winter
Yes, the burden is heavy...
I even smell smoke from it
Don't go into the clouds.
I. Annensky. "Snow"

But there is only one smell in the world,
And there is one in the world of bliss:
This is a Russian winter afternoon,
This is the Russian smell of snow...
Don Aminado. "Cities and Years"

3. Select and prepare for expressive reading by heart one or two poems about the Motherland.

4. Please note that I. Annensky, on the one hand, seems to be dissatisfied with the winter: “...Yes, the burden is heavy... / From it even the smoke cannot escape into the clouds,” and on the other hand, he admires the shine of the snow: “But I love the weakened / From the sky-high bliss - / Now sparkling white, / Now lilac snow...” How do the poet’s views and feelings change from contemplating his native expanses? How do you understand D. Merezhkovsky’s lines?

No need for sounds: quieter, quieter,
By the silent clouds
Learn what's above now
Earthly desires, deeds and words.

6. How Bunin speaks of the bitterness of leaving your home? Pay attention to the pulsating rhythm of Bunin's verse. What does it remind you of?

7. What is the pathos of the poem by Z. Gippius “Know!”, “So it is”?

Literature, 8th grade. Textbook for general education institutions. At 2 o'clock/automatic state. V. Ya. Korovin, 8th ed. - M.: Education, 2009. - 399 p. + 399 pp.: ill.

RUSSIAN POETS ABROAD ABOUT THE HOMELAND. “ONLY YOU SHINE FOR ME, RUSSIA” (K. Balmont) (lesson-concert)

Lesson objectives: introduce the poets of the Russian diaspora, restoring human cultural memory; work on expressive reading of poetry.

Class design: an exhibition of portraits of poets and emigrant writers, a book exhibition, paintings depicting Paris, and a lamp with a green lampshade on the coffee table.

Lesson progress

The romance performed by A. Malinin “Saint-Genevieve-des-Bois” sounds.

Two leading students come out, holding candles in their hands.

1st presenter. Russian diaspora is called the sunken Atlantis of our time. The October Revolution and the Civil War split Russian literature into Soviet and foreign. The greatest poets and writers found themselves in exile: I. Bunin, Z. Gippius, D. Merezhkovsky, K. Balmont, G. Ivanov, I. Odoevtseva, I. Severyanin, A. Kuprin, M. Tsvetaeva...

“This is no longer the emigration of Russians, but the emigration of Russia,” one of the newspapers stated in 1920.

And now we are left without a homeland,

And our appearance is both pitiful and empty.

Like white currants

A spreading bush has been gnawed.

I. Severyanin

2nd presenter. In Paris and Berlin, Rome and New York, Shanghai and Harbin - everywhere Russian emigration desperately fought for the right to have their own voice. Everything in her that was marked by the brilliance of talent and genuine spirituality has preserved itself - including as an integral part of Russian national culture. Russian literary centers and publishing houses were organized in European capitals, and numerous newspapers and magazines began to be published.

After October 1917, Paris became the center of Russian emigration. The journal “Modern Notes” (Paris, 1920–1940) consists of 70 (!) volumes. It was here that the best works of Russian emigrant literature were published.

Despite the fact that Russian poets and writers lived far from Russia, they did not lose touch with their native land, their thoughts and souls were with their homeland.

(The song “Champs Elysees” performed by Joe Dassin plays.)

Reader. Houses are up to the stars, and the sky is lower.

The land is close to him.

In big and joyful Paris

Still the same secret melancholy.

The evening boulevards are noisy,

The last ray of dawn has gone out.

Everywhere, everywhere all the couples, couples

Trembling lips and daring eyes.

I'm here alone. To the chestnut trunk

It's so sweet to snuggle your head!

And Rostand’s verse cries in my heart,

How is it there, in abandoned Moscow?

Paris at night is alien and pitiful to me,

The old nonsense is dearer to the heart!

I'm going home, there's the sadness of violets

And someone's affectionate greetings.

..............................................

In big and joyful Paris

And the pain is as deep as ever.

M. Tsvetaeva

(G. Sviridov’s music sounds like an illustration to Pushkin’s “The Snowstorm.”)

1st presenter.

A tear slips from under tired eyelids,

Coins on a church plate jingle...

Whatever a person prays for,

He certainly prays for a miracle:

So that two and two suddenly turn out to be five,

And the straw suddenly blossomed like roses,

And to come home again,

Although there is neither myself nor home.

I. Odoevtseva

These poems belong to Irina Odoevtseva, poet and author of the priceless books “On the Banks of the Neva” and “On the Banks of the Seine.” She, a living witness of this era, returned to us the Russian literary Atlantis. Under her talented pen, a unique time came to life, living Atlanteans spoke and moved - Russian poets and writers. In the dispersion of emigrant exile, in separation from the Motherland, her voice sounded as news of the inevitable future unity.

Reader. Know!

She will not die, know that!

She will not die, Russia.

It will stir, believe me!

Its fields are golden.

And we will not perish - believe!

But what is our salvation to us?

Russia will be saved, know this!

And her Sunday is approaching.

Teacher .

– What pathos is this poem imbued with? What role do the syntactic structures used by the author play in its expression?

– How does the image of the lyrical heroine appear in the poem by Z. Gippius “So it is”? What role does the final line play in revealing this image: “If my Russia is over, I die”?

2nd presenter. One of the remarkable phenomena of pre-war emigration was the meetings of the Green Lamp circle. Their initiators were the Merezhkovskys: Zinaida Gippius and Dmitry Sergeevich Merezhkovsky.

(The song is performed by E. Piaf.)

2nd presenter (against the background of music). From November 1920, they settled in Paris and, as they once did in St. Petersburg, began to spend their “Sundays” - at 11 bis Colonel Bonnet. It was in this house that the idea of ​​the “Green Lamp” arose. The name was reminiscent of Vsevolzhsky’s secret circle; Pushkin also participated in it. The task of the organizers is to save, if not the whole world, at least Russia and its branch - emigration not only from “philistinism”, but also from pride and self-abasement, from despair and loss of faith in the future.

“The Green Lamp meetings became more and more interesting and crowded every week,” recalls Irina Odoevtseva. – “The Green Lamp” made many listeners more seriously and better understand what was happening and, no less important, themselves... Who hasn’t attended “Sundays”! You can’t count everyone!”

1st presenter. Georgy Adamovich was a regular at the meetings, K. Balmont stopped by, and before leaving for Russia, M. Tsvetaeva came to say goodbye. Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Teffi also loved to attend the Merezhkovskys’ “Sundays.”

"Paris. Pre-Christmas Sunday. Rain. We are sitting at the long tea table at 11 bis Colonel Bonnet. Everyone is in a sour mood. Merezhkovsky discusses the last meeting of the “Green Lamp” sluggishly and colorlessly, without soaring, as usual, into the superstellar regions, without diving into the metaphysical abyss.

Call. And suddenly Teffi appears. Elegant, cheerful, full of overflowing cheerfulness. With her appearance, everything changes immediately. Everyone came to life, “as if a magnetic charge had been fired into them.”

2nd presenter. “Taffy, who is so rare among comedians, was full of humor and fun in life. It seemed that in events, even the most tragic, as in people, even the darkest, she saw, first of all, their comic side, hidden from others.

“Giving a person the opportunity to laugh,” she explained, “is no less important than giving alms to a beggar.” Or a piece of bread. If you laugh, your hunger will not be so painful. He who sleeps dines, but in my opinion, he who laughs eats his fill. Or almost full.”

1st presenter. “And in the face there is the duality of an ancient Greek mask. Teffi once admitted that each of her funny stories is, in essence, a small tragedy, humorously inverted. “Tears are the pearls of my soul,” these are the words of Nadezhda Alexandrovna. She just had an amazing quality that is rarely given to anyone. “You have to live by playing,” she said. “The game brightens up any adversity.” Experiencing severe financial difficulties and homesickness, she always tried to remain cheerful and cheerful, only occasionally allowing herself to lose heart.”

(From the memoirs of I. Odoevtseva.)

(G. Sviridov’s waltz sounds quietly.)

2nd presenter. “I’ll return to my homeland in the spring,” Nadezhda Alexandrovna dreamed. – A wonderful word – spring! A wonderful word - homeland! Spring is the resurrection of life..."

1st presenter. She didn't return. Like many...

2nd presenter. Like Konstantin Dmitrievich Balmont, who admitted: “Not a day when I don’t yearn for Russia, not an hour when I don’t long to return...”

Reader. Separated by alien spaces

From everything that is dear to the dream,

I spend all my days in gray smoke

One. One. In misery. On the line.

K. Balmont

1st presenter. Even before all the dramatic events in the life of Russia, Balmont treated France with love, but only during the years of emigration did he feel that this warm and hospitable country was not a mother, but a stepmother. The non-Russian word “nostalgia” has become such a typically Russian concept!

2nd presenter. Balmont's poems of the 20s. open up new facets of his talent. The Singer of the Sun, he first appears here as a tragic singer. His lyrical hero cannot come to terms with the fate of an exile.

Reader. From you the most difficult insult

I accepted, my native country,

And I sang a dirge about that,

What spring has always been in my soul.

Glory to life. There are impulses of evil.

Long pages of blindness.

But you cannot renounce your family.

You shine for me, Russia, only you.

K. Balmont

1st presenter. Irina Odoevtseva, having met K. Balmont at one of the Merezhkovskys’ “resurrections,” was amazed that the poet, who once attracted numerous fans at his evenings, is now ready to read poetry all night long to even one viewer with gratitude for listening to him ...

He died in December 1942, forgotten by everyone. There were no poets or fans at his funeral.

(The romance “In the Moldavian Steppe” performed by A. Vertinsky sounds.)

2nd presenter. Some of the emigrants returned to their homeland. Among them is Marina Tsvetaeva.

“Everything in Russia is foreign now. And hostile to me. Even people. I'm a stranger to everyone. Still, I'm glad I'm leaving Paris. I outlived it. He no longer exists for me. How much grief, how many insults I experienced in it! I have never been so unhappy anywhere. And now I'm going to Moscow. My son will be better off there. But to me!.. Emigration kicked me out,” she admitted to Irina Odoevtseva.

1st presenter. "M. Tsvetaeva is our common sin, our common guilt. We are all indebted to her. We failed to appreciate her, did not love her, so in need of love as in air, and did not keep her from her disastrous return to Russia,” I. Odoevtseva wrote with pain.

(The song “Monologue” based on the poems of M. Tsvetaeva performed by A. Pugacheva is played.)

2nd presenter.

To you all (that I, who knew no limits in anything,

Aliens and our own?!)

I make a demand for faith

And asking for love...

Irina Odoevtseva also asks for love from everyone she writes about.

“They all need love, not only because “the bread is bitter and the steps of a foreign land are steep,” but also because even more than bread, they lacked the reader’s love, and they were suffocating in the free air of foreign countries.

Love them, resurrect them in your memory and in your hearts.”

1st presenter. The 20th century mercilessly destroyed and severed many connections and distorted the very cultural memory of man. The first emigration preserved Russia as it was before 1917. The best works of Russian foreign writers are included in the Russian Golden Fund. We often say that Russian emigrants suffered in separation from their Motherland, that they missed it. But today we are acutely aware that the Motherland also lacked them. Today's Russia has finally realized that they are also its children.

(The song “Don’t let the poet into Paris” performed by Veronica Dolina sounds.)

– What, according to N. Otsup (the poem “It’s difficult for me without Russia”), is the depth of life and when is a person able to feel it especially acutely?

– The description of what time formed the basis for Don Aminado’s poem “Indian Summer”? What words reveal the essence of this phenomenon? To create the “effect of presence”, to give the picture greater vitality, what senses does the poet touch?

– What technique was used by I. Bunin in the poem “The bird has a nest, the beast has a hole...”?

– Reflect on what you read (textbook).

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Poets of the Russian Abroad about

abandoned homeland.

Poets of the Russian diaspora found themselves separated from their homeland for various reasons. Some were expelled by the Soviet government, others could not stay for ideological reasons and did not accept Soviet power.

But abandoned Russia still remained their homeland for them, a source of memories and creative inspiration. Russian emigrant writers clearly understood: in an alien national environment they could not survive without the Russian language, without an internal connection with Russian culture. They viewed the revolution and the Civil War as a national tragedy, but believed in the greatness of Russia. Russian diaspora is called the sunken Atlantis of our time. The October Revolution and the Civil War split Russian literature into Soviet and foreign.

The greatest poets and writers found themselves in exile:

I. Bunin, Z. Gippius, D. Merezhkovsky, K. Balmont,

I. Odoevtseva, I. Severyanin, A. Kuprin, M. Tsvetaeva...

« This is no longer the emigration of Russians, but the emigration of Russia » , –

stated one of the newspapers in 1920.

And now we are left without a homeland,

And our appearance is both pitiful and empty.

Like white currants

A spreading bush has been gnawed.

I. Severyanin

One of the representatives of the Russian diaspora - Nikolai Otsup -

Inserting a picture

Russian poet and translator, famous

also successful in organizing and publishing activities in Russia and in exile

October 23 1894 , Tsarskoe Selo - December 28 1958 , Paris

Born into the family of Avdey Markovich Otsup and Elizaveta Semyonovna (Rakhil Solomonovna) Zandler. Graduated Tsarskoye Selo Nikolaev gymnasium ; after graduation, in 1913, pawning his gold medal, he went to study in Paris . There he begins to write poetry. Upon returning home, he was enrolled in the Faculty of History and Philology Imperial Petrograd University , while simultaneously undergoing military service in a reserve regiment.

After the October Revolution he was invited Gorky to the World Literature publishing house as a poet-translator, where he met Nikolai Gumilyov and Alexander Blok.

In 1921, Otsup’s first collection of poems, “Grad”, was published.

After the execution of Gumilyov, he decided to leave Russia and in the fall of 1922 he went to Berlin .

Soon he moved to Paris, where he published his second collection of poems, “In the Smoke” (1926), which served as an introduction to Otsup’s next work, the poem “Meeting” (1928).

In 1930 he founded the magazine " Numbers ”, dedicated to issues of literature, art and philosophy and served as a launching pad for many young representatives of Russian emigrant literature. In 1939, Otsup's only novel, “Beatrice in Hell,” was published - about the love of a bohemian artist for an aspiring actress.

During World War II served as a volunteer in the French army, was arrested in Italy and was held captive for more than a year and a half, made two escapes from concentration camps (the second was successful) and since 1943 took an active part in the Italian Resistance, for which he was awarded military awards.

At the end of the war he began teaching in Paris Ecole Normal , where in 1951 he defended his doctoral dissertation dedicated to Gumilyov.

Died suddenly from a broken heart, buried in a Russian cemetery Sainte-Genevieve-des-Bois .

A two-volume volume of Otsup’s poems “Life and Death” (1961, Paris), two collections of his historical and journalistic works were published posthumously.

In Russia, the most complete edition was published in 1993.

His poems lead from description to reflection. In them, Russian literature always becomes a subject of reflection or an object for comparison.

“It’s difficult for me without Russia...”

What is the poet talking about?

What does it feel?

What is Russia for him?

Zinaida Nikolaevna Gippius (1869 – 1945)

Inserting a picture

poetess And writer ,

playwright And literary critic

Born 8 (20) November 1869 years in the city Belev(now Tula region) in a Russified German noble family.

The family often moved from place to place, which is why the daughter did not receive a full education; She visited various educational institutions in fits and starts, preparing for exams

with governesses.

The future poetess began writing poetry at the age of seven.

In 1888, Zinaida Gippius and her mother went to their dacha in Borjomi. Here she met D. S. Merezhkovsky , who soon becomes her husband.

The events of 1905 were in many ways a turning point in the life and work of Zinaida Gippius.

In February 1906, the Merezhkovskys left Russia and headed to Paris, where they spent more than two years in voluntary “exile.”

In Paris, the poetess began organizing “Saturdays”, which old writer friends began to attend. During these Parisian years, the couple worked a lot: Merezhkovsky - on historical prose, Gippius - on journalistic articles and poems.

In 1908, the couple returned to Russia.

Start First World War made a grave impression on the Merezhkovskys; they sharply opposed Russia's participation in it.

The Merezhkovskys welcomed February revolution of 1917 , believing that she would end the war.

However, their mood soon changed

October Revolution Merezhkovsky and Gippius were horrified: they perceived it as the accession of the “kingdom of Antichrist”, the triumph of “supramundane evil”

IN 1920 Gippius and her husband settled in Paris . While maintaining a militantly sharp rejection of Bolshevism, the couple acutely experienced their alienation from their homeland.

Zinaida Nikolaevna Gippius died in Paris September 9 1945.

Zinaida Gippius was buried under the same tombstone with Merezhkovsky on cemetery Sainte-Genevieve-des-Bois .

"Know!"

What did Gippius believe?

Pay attention to the verbs in the imperative

inclination, exclamatory intonation.

Express confidence, assertion of impossibility

life without a homeland.

"This is true".

Main idea –

“If my Russia is over -

I'm dying."

Don Aminado real name Aminad Petrovich Shpolyansky; birth name Aminodav Peisakhovich Shpolyansky (1888-1957)

Don Aminado was born and raised in Elisavetgrad ( Kherson province ), studied law in Odessa (Faculty of Law Novorossiysk University ) And Kyiv , upon completion of higher education ( 1910 ) settled in Moscow and took up lawyering and writing (he constantly collaborated in the newspaper "Early Morning" and magazine « Satyricon » ).

Being a soldier during First World War (in 1915 he was wounded and returned to Moscow), Don Aminado published his first book of patriotic and lyrical poems, “Songs of War”

Met February revolution 1917 with a play in verse “Spring of the Seventeenth Year”, but was not accepted October Bolshevik coup . In 1918, all newspapers where he published were closed, after which he left for Kyiv , collaborating there with newspapers.

In January 1920 emigrated to Paris , where regularly until the 1940s. typed feuilletons in the newspaper, also collaborated with other emigrant publications: a children's magazine

Don Aminado was read a lot and with enthusiasm; he also became known to French readers.

"Indian summer"

The poem is imbued with nostalgia, alien

its own is opposed. The image of the Motherland doubles –

Russian summer in Russia. The poet describes memories

little things: the smells of dusty grass, late and bitter thistle.

With the help of smells and sounds, visual images are evoked, and we can imagine the image of our homeland. Last line – unfulfilled secret desire

( « Oh, if only a narrow-gauge railway went from Paris to Yelets » ).

The poem “The bird has a nest, the beast has a hole...”

What feelings are expressed in the poem? How are they shown?

Nostalgic feelings mixed with a feeling of protest against injustice, the unnaturalness of exile. Every living creature has its own home. The poet lines “The bird has a nest...” does not oppose a person’s homelessness, but states a fact. The stronger the feeling of bitterness, frustration, anger. The repetition of these lines, but in a mirror construction, indicates the persistent thoughts about the injustice of expulsion. The rhythm of the poem conveys the alarming beat of the heart

Open lesson on literature in 8th grade.

TEACHER OF RUSSIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE

KRUPININA IRINA VLADIMIROVNA.

Subject. Russian poets of the 20th century about the Motherland, native nature and themselves.

Poets of Russian diaspora about the Motherland they left behind.

Objective of the lesson: introduce students to Russian poets of the 20th century and their works.

Tasks:

Learn to analyze poetry, comprehending what you read.

Work on expressive reading.

Develop thinking, oral coherent speech, memory.

To cultivate love for the Motherland and native land.

Equipment: computer, projector, speakers, multimedia presentation.

Material support: reproductions of paintings by Russian artists, textbooks, music files, portraits of Russian emigrant artists, book exhibition, paintings depicting Paris, handouts.

Progress of the lesson.

I. Org. moment.

U: - Hello, guys and dear guests. I am glad to welcome you as a guest at the Green Lamp meeting.

II. Psychological mood.

It's spring outside! With warm, kind, joyful sun. - Let us have the same sunny and good mood throughout today’s lesson.

III. Conversation.

U: - Guys, this year we celebrated the 70th anniversary of the Great Victory over Nazi Germany. We read a lot of works on this topic and got to know the authors. The theme of the Great Patriotic War is familiar to you.

IV. Checking homework.

Integrated test based on the material from the previous lesson (5 minutes).

V.State the topic and purpose of the lesson.

U:- Guys, I’m taking tests for review, I’ll give everyone grades.

The theme of the Great Patriotic War is inextricably linked with our Motherland. After all, there were so many losses for her release.

U: - Tell me, what is the Motherland?

How do you understand the meaning of this word?

What does this word “Motherland” mean to you?

D: - This is the country, our village.

U: - Yes, the Motherland can be big and small.

Working with S.N. Ozhegov’s dictionary.

U: - Let's look up the meaning of this word in the dictionary.

The compiler of the explanatory dictionary S.N. Ozhegov defined this meaning as follows : Homeland - fatherland, native side, place of birth, origin of something, someone.

The teacher distributes the definition on sheets of paper, and the children write it down in a notebook.

VI. Teacher's word.

Our homeland, Russia, has a complex history and a complex destiny. A feeling of deep love for their homeland and involvement in its fate helped the Russian people to withstand difficult times. The theme of the homeland has always been relevant, and it remains relevant today, when every person needs not only to determine his place in life, but also to realize his importance for this country in which he lives.

The teacher reads the epigraph of the lesson.

“Russian people, wherever you are, love Russia, present, past and future, and always be her faithful sons and daughters”

(Inscription on one of the unknown graves of Saint-Genevieve-des-Bois.)

U: - Many people spoke about Russia, political figures; artists, writers and poets expressed their feelings in different ways.

What are the people who write poetry called? (Poets).

Today we will talk about poets of the 20th century. Poets of Russian diaspora, that is, those poets who went abroad.

The children write down the date and topic of the lesson in their notebooks.

T: - On your desks you have a plan for today’s lesson, pay attention to it.

The purpose of the lesson We will get acquainted with Russian poets of the 20th century who went abroad, and we will also work on expressive reading and learn to analyze poems.

Teacher's word.

U: - Russian diaspora is called the sunken Atlantis of our time. The October Revolution and the Civil War split Russian literature into Soviet and foreign. The greatest poets and writers found themselves in exile: I. Bunin, Z. Gippius, D. Merezhkovsky, M. Tsvetaeva, I. Severyanin, K. Balmont, etc.

Many were forced to leave their homeland, but this was not an escape from a country engulfed in the flames of war, it was a period of creative upsurge. Poets of the Russian diaspora found themselves separated from their homeland for various reasons. Some were expelled by the Soviet government, others could not stay for ideological reasons and did not accept Soviet power.

But abandoned Russia still remained their homeland for them, a source of memories and creative inspiration.

Russian emigrant writers clearly understood: in a foreign national environment they could not survive without the Russian language, without an internal connection with Russian culture. They viewed the revolution and civil war as a national tragedy, but believed in the greatness of Russia.

“This is no longer the emigration of Russians, but the emigration of Russia,” one of the newspapers stated in 1920.”

“And now we are left without a homeland,

And our appearance is both pitiful and empty.

Like white currants

A spreading bush has been gnawed."

(I. Severyanin)

The teacher distributes the problematic question of the lesson on pieces of paper.

T: - Guys, now I’ll ask you a question, and you think during the lesson, and at the end give an answer.

Problematic question.

(How significant is the heritage of the Russian diaspora for you and me?

What lesson does history give us through the example of the tragic destinies of Russian emigrants?)

Work according to the textbook.

T: - We opened the textbooks on page 221. You had to prepare reports at home about the author of the Russian emigration to choose from.

The poet's portrait is hung on the board.

The student tells a short biography

Innokenty Annensky.

Brief biography of Innokenty Annensky

Annensky Innokenty Fedorovich, (1855-1909), Russian poet, translator, playwright, critic, teacher.

Born in Omsk in the family of a prominent official. On his mother's side he was a distant relative of Pushkin. When he was four years old, the family moved to Tomsk, and a year later to St. Petersburg, where his father received the position of official on special assignments in the Ministry of Internal Affairs. But in 1874 he was struck by paralysis, and the family’s financial situation became very difficult.

After graduating from high school in 1872, Annensky entered the university only in 1875. He graduated from the Faculty of History and Philology of St. Petersburg University in 1879.

At this time, he married Nadezhda Valentinovna Khmara-Barshchevskaya, a widow with two teenage sons, who was 23 years older than him. A year later, their son Valentin was born, a future poet who wrote under the pseudonym “V. Krivich."

After graduating from the university, Annensky began many years of teaching activity: he taught Greek and Latin at the gymnasium, was the director of the Nikolaev Men's Gymnasium in Tsarskoe Selo, and lectured on the history of ancient Greek literature at the Higher Women's Courses in St. Petersburg.

Simultaneously with his teaching work, he translated and published the tragedies of Euripides. He published articles on Russian literature, wrote poetry and poetic tragedies.

His lyrics, which were symbolic in nature, were distinguished by deep sincerity and subsequently had a strong influence on the work of Acmeist poets, who
declared Annensky their spiritual teacher.

U: - Guys, did you learn anything new from the writer’s biography?

Almost every poet has his own favorite time of year, which is associated with the most pleasant memories or significant events in life. Such a period for the Russian poet Annensky was winter, which the author inextricably linked not only with holidays, but also with the cleansing of the earth, which, as if by magic, can be transformed for several hours, wrapped in a luxurious white shawl.

However, in his last winter, feeling the approach of death, Innokenty Annensky wrote a very controversial poem “Snow”, in which he drew a parallel between winter and the end of life, pointing out that it was at this time of year that the world falls into a heavy slumber. And not everyone will wait to awaken.

Now let's listen to the audio recording of the poem

Innokenty Annensky "Snow".

Think about what this poem is about?

Conversation.

U: - So, what is this poem about?

D: - About winter.

Why can't he love winter? Look carefully at the text.

“I would love winter, but the burden is heavy.”

The poet compares winter with his life, hard, that winter is also just as hard, that even the smoke from it cannot escape into the clouds. Here the author uses a metaphor.

He understands that the snow decoration is just a temporary disguise, and behind it it would be impossible to completely hide everything that one does not want to see.

Working from a painting.

T: - Look how the artist Zyablov depicted the reproduction “Snow” based on Annensky’s poem.

Did the artist accurately convey the poet’s feelings and thoughts?

How did he express them?

U: - Notice what epithets Annensky uses?

What role do they play in the poem?

The world seems miserable and unattractive to him.

Find it in the text.

“Cutness of lines”, “beggar’s trail”, “weakened lilac snow” - all this causes contradictory feelings. At the same time, he admits that winter is his favorite time of year.

U: - Please find in the text the moment when he is reverent about this time of year?

(When the soft and already melting snow “lies tired on a sliding cliff”)

(Annensky speaks of “immaculate dreams” filled with dreams and hopes).

VII. Expressive reading of the poem "Snow".

Guys, don't forget about the problematic question.

U: - In Paris and Berlin, Rome, New York - everywhere the Russian emigration fought for its own voice. Russian litas were organized in European capitals. centers, publishing houses. The center is far from Russia, they did not lose touch with their native land. Their thoughts and souls were with their homeland.

An excerpt from E. Piaf’s song “Paris” is played.

U: - Guys, close your eyes, let’s relax and transport ourselves back to that era, imagine Paris.

At this time, the teacher continues to explain, taking the children to that place and smoothly moving on to another author and poem.

U: - Since November 1920, they settled in Paris and, as they once did in St. Petersburg, they began to spend their “Sundays” on the 11th encore of Colonel Bonnet. It was in this house that the idea of ​​the “Green Lamp” arose.

Paris. Pre-Christmas Sunday. Rain. We are sitting at the long tea table at 11 encore Colonel Bonnet. Merezhkovsky listlessly discusses the Green Lamp meeting.

U: - Who is Merezhkovsky?

The poet's portrait is hung on the board. The next student makes his or her report.

The student tells a short biography of Merezhkovsky.

T: - What new things have you learned for yourself?

What would you like to know?

Teacher's word.

During one of his visits to the dacha in the spring of 1896, Dmitry Merezhkovsky wrote the poem “Native”. At this time he was already a famous poet. Merezhkovsky felt very deeply about the death of his mother. At the dacha near St. Petersburg, every little thing reminds of her and keeps the warmth of her hands. Therefore, he often walks and celebrates “Dear, sad places!”

Listening to an audio recording of the poem “Native” performed by Pokrovskaya.

U:- Think about what Merezhkovsky wanted to say in your opinion.

(Listening to Pokrovskaya’s musical composition “Native.”)

He is calmed by the “lingering voice of the monotonous pines.”

Find epithets. What songs?

What's May like?

Pale.

W: What can this tell us?

“There is a calm in the fields, full of melancholy,” he says.

What does Merezhkovsky compare May rain to?

D: - With endless tears.

U: - However, he admits that in his home the pain is dulled - see the last verse.

He gradually begins to come to terms with the idea that the people closest to him walk sooner or later. But memories remain that are priceless and can cause both pain and joy.

T: - What do you need to know first in order to analyze a poem?

To analyze a poem, you need to know its history of creation.

T: - Don’t forget about the question!

- Physical minute.

- Expressive reading of the poem “Native”.

U: - Let's listen to the biography of N. Zabolotsky.

The third student tells a story about N. Zabolotsky.

Listen to his poem and get ready for expressive reading by thinking about question No. 1 p. 224.

T: - Pay attention to the presentation, how clearly the artist understands the author’s feelings.

VIII- Expressive reading of a poem.

Game.

Collect a poem (the guys are divided into pairs and whoever collects the poem is faster).

VIII. Conversation on a problematic issue.

T: - So, which one will read me the problematic question of our lesson?

Who will answer it?

We came to the conclusion that the heritage of the Russian diaspora is important for moral development, love for the Motherland, and knowledge of it in all its greatness.

And despite the fact that the poets were abroad, their feelings of love for their Motherland did not leave them. A piece of the Motherland in their souls helped them survive.

U: - What else would you like to know?

U: - Let's do some reflection. It is on your desk in the form of a test.

X. Reflection.

1. During the lesson I worked -

2. Through my work in class I -

3. The lesson seemed to me -

4. For the lesson I -

5. My mood -

6. The material of rock was for me -

7. For the lesson I rate myself at -

XIHomework.

I give homework integrated.

Poem by heart to choose from. For everyone.

Analysis of a poem to choose from. Who can?

A plan for analyzing the poem is on everyone’s desk.

We will continue our conversation about poets of Russian diaspora in the next lesson. Now thanks for the lesson. The lesson is over.