Preparing children for school in a dow. Preparing children at school in a preschool educational institution

The portal Detsad.Firmika.ru contains addresses and telephone numbers of kindergartens and development centers in Moscow. We suggest finding a kindergarten in your area or near a suitable metro station. Convenient tables for comparison show the cost of classes in clubs that prepare for school - this way you can easily compare prices in different centers. Of particular interest are reviews of Moscow institutions left by visitors to the portal. We carefully monitor their accuracy, trying to publish only comments from real clients.

How to choose a kindergarten in Moscow to prepare for school?

Preparing for school is one of the most important tasks not only for parents, but also for kindergarten teachers. How diligent, stress-resistant and interested in learning your child is, the more successfully he will absorb knowledge. How to choose a development center or kindergarten with preparation for school, what kind of teachers should be in it, and how much will you have to spend on it?

Features of choosing preparatory courses in kindergartens and centers in Moscow

In modern kindergartens, preparation for school occurs gradually from the youngest groups. In older groups, more focused classes on the basics of writing and reading are added. Many children, having found themselves with talented teachers, can read fluently and write quite well by the age of 5.

What you need to consider when choosing a kindergarten with a training program:

• Instilling writing and reading skills is not as easy as it seems at first glance. Caregivers and teachers in good centers and kindergartens communicate with parents, give advice and hold meetings where they explain how to interest a child in learning, how to instill a love of reading and avoid unnecessary pressure on a sensitive psyche. Feedback from parents is also very important; in a good center or kindergarten you can always contact the teacher with similar questions.
• Professional teachers, focusing on the characteristics of children's behavior, structure their classes according to certain principles. In a good kindergarten, a child will not be forced to sit for about two hours to solve one problem, because the teacher understands that this is simply ineffective. The best solution is to gradually increase the lesson time, starting from the minimum (15 minutes) and ending with a full academic hour (45 minutes).
• Everyone knows that games are the best way to help children learn information of any kind. Teachers conduct special intellectual warm-ups with riddles about school, read poetry, role-play skits, getting children interested in visiting a real school in the future. What to put in your briefcase? What lessons would your child like to learn? An experienced teacher not only knows many playful ways to interact with a child, but will also share them with you. Don’t be shy to ask questions, because your future studies depend on it.
• Take a closer look not only at how the teacher interacts with children, but also at the general atmosphere in the “small team.” A professional must not only be able to create a comfortable and pleasant atmosphere for children, but also prevent the development of conflicts and help children find a way out of them.
• Many activities require appropriate materials: toddlers may need paints and a sketchbook, older children may need textbooks, a pencil case and notebooks. In most kindergartens, parents purchase stationery themselves. It is important to remember that you should not skimp on learning materials, nor should you pay too much attention to them. An abundance of multi-colored notebooks and pencils can distract from the actual educational process.
• It is advisable that the development center you choose employs not only medical personnel, but also a child psychologist. You should not neglect the consultation of this specialist before going to school.

Of course, the choice of kindergarten also depends on the financial situation of the parents.

The cost of preparing for school in kindergartens and development centers in Moscow

If in the chosen kindergarten preparation for school is free, then the only thing you will have to spend money on will be stationery. Unfortunately, such services cannot be found in every kindergarten; paid classes are organized much more often. The cost of training courses in Moscow varies from 2000 to 6000 rubles.

Kindergarten and preparation for school: what and how to teach a preschooler. How to properly develop a child? Preparing for school: learning or playing. How do developmental activities influence readiness for school? And you could write a treatise on preparing for school, there’s so much there.

Kindergartens and preschool education: speech development, speech therapist, teacher, preparation for school. You don’t have to go to extras. classes are your right. I would be glad to prepare for school in the garden, but there is none - I have to take her to school early on Saturday morning and for 3,500 a month.

Kindergarten and preparation for school: what and how to teach a preschooler. Section: Preparing for school (how to understand which kindergarten at the gymnasium your child is enrolled in). So now you are definitely being scammed in the garden :) Especially considering that the children in the complex’s gardens are ALREADY enrolled in school, it’s just...

A psychologist in kindergarten tested us on the issue of readiness for school... We also visited a psychologist today, I was simply dumbfounded at our level below average. In the kindergarten they say that I have a smart child growing up (they even call him a “professor”), but the psychologist...

Kindergartens and preschool education: speech development, speech therapist, teacher, preparation for school. Preparation for school (lyceum, gymnasium) from any level. Individual approach to the child. School readiness testing for children who have not attended kindergarten.

Preparing for school in the garden. I bought textbooks to prepare for school on mathematics, thinking, and writing. And in the kindergarten, the preparatory group really should be preparing for school. The site hosts thematic conferences, blogs, and ratings of kindergartens...

Kindergarten. Kindergartens and preschool education. Even at school, when there are taxes, you will remember that at least in kindergarten you managed a little. Kindergartens and preschool education: speech development, speech therapist, teacher, preparation for school. I heard talk that they...

Kindergarten and preparation for school: what and how to teach a preschooler. If only to Abramson, he generally teaches from the first. Personally, I think it’s too early to send a seventh-grader to school that’s not within walking distance of home; he’s still small.

medical card in kindergarten. Nannies, kindergartens. Child from 3 to 7. Education, nutrition, daily routine, visiting kindergarten and they didn’t give it to me - I wanted to get it in order to prepare for school, since there is a medical examination in the kindergarten. While the child is attending kindergarten, the card must be in the garden.

Section: Adoption (can a child not be accepted into kindergarten at 6.5 years old). In order to create favorable conditions for preparing children for school, the Ministry of General and Professional Education of the Russian Federation recommends organizing for children...

Kindergartens and preschool education: speech development, speech therapist, teacher, preparation for She said that I urgently need to enroll in preparatory courses for school, because the optimal load for a preschooler is classes in a preparation group. In a children's club?

Kindergarten and preparation for school: what and how to teach a preschooler. What and how should a child be taught in kindergarten? Is kindergarten necessary for development? Child in kindergarten: how to feel good. What should a kindergarten teacher be like?

The child is serious about school.? Hi all. This morning, a girl I know made me a little upset. It so happened that Kindergarten and preparation for school: what and how to teach a preschooler. Preparing for school: when should you start, and does your...

question. Kindergarten. Child from 1 to 3. Raising a child from one to three years old: hardening and development, nutrition and illness, daily routine and They thought I was a lawyer and they were provided with free legal advice:) We really have already left that kindergarten. I think the head of that kindergarten. ..

Children's center. School preparation classes are also held by a variety of children's centers, clubs, and children's art centers. And preparation for school has been canceled in kindergartens for more than one year... Preparation for school. Child from 3 to 7. Education, nutrition, daily routine, visiting...

When to record? Kindergarten and preparation for school: what and how to teach a preschooler. If you are ready to enroll your child in a school preparation group, then first of all determine for yourself what your child needs, which has nothing to do with coaching...

Kindergartens and preschool education: speech development, speech therapist, teacher, preparation for school. I can’t solve a problem for preschoolers (preparing for school). School, secondary education, teachers and students, homework, tutor, vacation.

We begin to learn to read and write. So far there is only Glinka's textbook. What kind of textbook is this? Maybe one of the experts can comment a little. And this textbook suggests teaching children to write block letters. I don't really understand the point of such training. Then retrain for writing? Or children somehow magically figure out how to write in writing.

The child is only four years old.. Mine, without any kindergarten, went to school at the age of five. I was proud that she “passed” through a big competition until she started working at this school. And I saw enough of the Kindergarten and preparation for school : what and how to teach a preschooler.

Teaching a preschooler to write? Preparing for school. Child from 3 to 7. Education, nutrition, daily routine, visiting kindergarten and relationships with teachers, illness and physical development of a child from 3 to 7 years.

The time is approaching when your child will bear the proud title of a first-grader. And in this regard, parents have a lot of worries and worries: where and how to prepare their child for school, is it necessary, what does the child need to know and be able to do before school, send him to first grade at six or seven years old, and so on. There is no universal answer to these questions - every child is individual. Some children are completely ready for school at the age of six, but with other children at the age of seven there is a lot of trouble. But one thing is for sure - it is absolutely necessary to prepare children for school, because this will be an excellent help in the first grade, will help in learning, and will greatly facilitate the adaptation period.

Being ready for school does not mean being able to read, write and do math.

To be ready for school means to be ready to learn all this, said child psychologist L.A. Wenger.

What does preparing for school include?

Preparing a child for school is a whole complex of knowledge, abilities and skills that a preschooler must possess. And this includes not only the totality of necessary knowledge. So, what does quality preparation for school mean?

In the literature, there are many classifications of a child’s readiness for school, but they all boil down to one thing: readiness for school is divided into physiological, psychological and cognitive aspects, each of which includes a number of components. All types of readiness must be harmoniously combined in a child. If something is not developed or not fully developed, then this can cause problems in learning at school, communicating with peers, learning new knowledge, and so on.

Physiological readiness of the child for school

This aspect means that the child must be physically ready for school. That is, his state of health must allow him to successfully complete the educational program. If a child has serious deviations in mental and physical health, then he must study in a special correctional school that takes into account the characteristics of his health. In addition, physiological readiness implies the development of fine motor skills (fingers) and coordination of movement. The child must know in which hand and how to hold the pen. And also, when entering first grade, a child must know, observe and understand the importance of observing basic hygiene standards: correct posture at the table, posture, etc.

Psychological readiness of the child for school

The psychological aspect includes three components: intellectual readiness, personal and social, emotional-volitional.

Intellectual readiness for school means:

• By the first grade, the child must have a stock of certain knowledge
• he must navigate in space, that is, know how to get to school and back, to the store, and so on;
• the child must strive to acquire new knowledge, that is, he must be inquisitive;
• The development of memory, speech, and thinking must be age-appropriate.

Personal and social readiness implies the following::

• the child must be sociable, that is, be able to communicate with peers and adults; there should be no aggression in communication, and in case of a quarrel with another child, he should be able to evaluate and look for a way out of a problematic situation; the child must understand and recognize the authority of adults;
• tolerance; this means that the child must respond adequately to constructive comments from adults and peers;
• moral development, the child must understand what is good and what is bad;
• the child must accept the task set by the teacher, listening carefully, clarifying unclear points, and after completion, he must adequately evaluate his work, admit his mistakes, if any.

A child’s emotional and volitional readiness for school presupposes:

• the child’s understanding of why he goes to school, the importance of learning;
• interest in learning and acquiring new knowledge;
• the child’s ability to complete a task that he does not quite like, but the curriculum requires it;
• perseverance - the ability to listen carefully to an adult for a certain time and complete tasks without being distracted by extraneous objects and activities.

Child’s cognitive readiness for school

This aspect means that the future first-grader must have a certain set of knowledge and skills that will be needed to successfully study at school. So, what should a child of six or seven years old know and be able to do?

Attention.

• Do something without distraction for twenty to thirty minutes.
• Find similarities and differences between objects and pictures.
• Be able to perform work according to a model, for example, accurately reproduce a pattern on your own sheet of paper, copy a person’s movements, and so on.
• It's easy to play games that require quick reactions. For example, name a living creature, but before the game, discuss the rules: if the child hears a domestic animal, then he should clap his hands, if a wild animal, he should knock his feet, if a bird, he should wave his arms.

Mathematics.
Numbers from 1 to 10.

1. Count forward from 1 to 10 and count backward from 10 to 1.
2. Arithmetic signs ">", "< », « = ».
3. Dividing a circle, a square in half, four parts.
4. Orientation in space and a sheet of paper: right, left, above, below, above, below, behind, etc.

Memory.

• Memorizing 10-12 pictures.
• Reciting rhymes, tongue twisters, proverbs, fairy tales, etc. from memory.
• Retelling a text of 4-5 sentences.

Thinking.

• Finish the sentence, for example, “The river is wide, and the stream...”, “The soup is hot, and the compote...”, etc.
• Find an extra word from a group of words, for example, “table, chair, bed, boots, chair”, “fox, bear, wolf, dog, hare”, etc.
• Determine the sequence of events, what happened first and what happened next.
• Find inconsistencies in drawings and fable poems.
• Put together puzzles without the help of an adult.
• Together with an adult, make a simple object out of paper: a boat, a boat.

Fine motor skills.

• Correctly hold a pen, pencil, brush in your hand and regulate the force of their pressure when writing and drawing.
• Color objects and shade them without going beyond the outline.
• Cut with scissors along the line drawn on the paper.
• Perform applications.

Speech.

• Compose sentences from several words, for example, cat, yard, go, sunbeam, play.
• Recognize and name a fairy tale, riddle, poem.
• Compose a coherent story based on a series of 4-5 plot pictures.
• Listen to a reading, a story from an adult, answer basic questions about the content of the text and illustrations.
• Distinguish sounds in words.

The world around us.

• Know the basic colors, domestic and wild animals, birds, trees, mushrooms, flowers, vegetables, fruits and so on.
• Name the seasons, natural phenomena, migratory and wintering birds, months, days of the week, your last name, first name and patronymic, the names of your parents and their place of work, your city, address, what professions there are.

What do parents need to know when teaching their child at home?

Homework with your child is very useful and necessary for the future first-grader. They have a positive effect on the child’s development and help bring all family members closer together and establish trusting relationships. But such activities should not be forced on the child; he must first of all be interested, and for this it is best to offer interesting tasks and choose the most appropriate moment for classes. There is no need to tear your child away from games and sit him down at the table, but try to captivate him so that he himself accepts your offer to study. In addition, when working with a child at home, parents should know that at the age of five or six, children are not persevering and cannot perform the same task for a long time. Studying at home should not last more than fifteen minutes. After this, you should take a break so that the child is distracted. A change of activity is very important. For example, first you did logical exercises for ten to fifteen minutes, then after a break you can take up drawing, then play outdoor games, then sculpt funny figures from plasticine, etc.

Parents should know another very important psychological feature of preschool children: their main activity is play, through which they develop and gain new knowledge. That is, all tasks should be presented to the child in a playful way, and homework should not turn into a learning process. But by working with your child at home, you don’t even have to set aside any specific time for this; you can constantly develop your baby. For example, when you are walking in the yard, draw your child’s attention to the weather, talk about the time of year, notice that the first snow has fallen or the leaves have begun to fall on the trees. While walking, you can count the number of benches in the yard, porches in the house, birds in the tree, and so on. While on vacation in the forest, introduce your child to the names of trees, flowers, and birds. That is, try to get the child to pay attention to what surrounds him, what is happening around him.

Various educational games can be of great help to parents, but it is very important that they correspond to the age of the child. Before showing the game to your child, get to know it yourself and decide how useful and valuable it can be for your child’s development. We can recommend children's lotto with images of animals, plants and birds. A preschooler should not buy encyclopedias; most likely he will not be interested in them or will lose interest in them very quickly. If your child has watched a cartoon, ask him to talk about its content - this will be good speech training. At the same time, ask questions so that the child sees that this is really interesting for you. Pay attention to whether the child pronounces words and sounds correctly when telling the story; if there are any mistakes, then delicately tell the child about them and correct them. Learn tongue twisters, rhymes, and proverbs with your child.

Training a child's hand

At home, it is very important to develop the child’s fine motor skills, that is, his hands and fingers. This is necessary so that the child in the first grade does not have problems with writing. Many parents make a big mistake by forbidding their child to pick up scissors. Yes, you can get hurt with scissors, but if you talk to your child about how to handle scissors correctly, what you can do and what you can’t do, then the scissors will not pose a danger. Make sure that the child does not cut randomly, but along the intended line. To do this, you can draw geometric shapes and ask your child to carefully cut them out, after which you can make an applique from them. Children really like this task, and its benefits are very high. Modeling is very useful for the development of fine motor skills, and children really enjoy making various koloboks, animals and other figures. Learn finger exercises with your child - in stores you can easily buy a book with finger exercises that are exciting and interesting for your child. In addition, you can train a preschooler’s hand by drawing, shading, tying shoelaces, and stringing beads.

When your child performs a written task, watch whether he is holding a pencil or pen correctly, so that his hand is not strained, the child’s posture and the location of the sheet of paper on the table. The duration of written tasks should not exceed five minutes, and it is not the speed of completing the task that is important, but its accuracy. You should start with simple tasks, for example, tracing an image, and gradually the task should become more difficult, but only after the child copes well with an easier task.

Some parents do not pay enough attention to the development of their child's fine motor skills. As a rule, due to ignorance of how important this is for the child’s successful education in first grade. It is known that our mind lies at our fingertips, that is, the better a child’s fine motor skills are developed, the higher his overall level of development. If a child has poorly developed fingers, if it is difficult for him to cut and hold scissors in his hands, then, as a rule, his speech is poorly developed and he lags behind his peers in development. That is why speech therapists recommend that parents whose children need speech therapy classes simultaneously engage in modeling, drawing and other activities to develop fine motor skills.

To ensure that your child happily goes to first grade and is prepared for school, so that his studies are successful and productive, listen to the following recommendations.

1. Don't be too demanding of your child.

2. A child has the right to make a mistake, because mistakes are common to all people, including adults.

3. Make sure that the load is not excessive for the child.

4. If you see that a child has problems, then do not be afraid to seek help from specialists: a speech therapist, a psychologist, etc.

5. Study should be harmoniously combined with rest, so arrange small holidays and surprises for your child, for example, go to the circus, museum, park, etc. on weekends.

6. Follow the daily routine so that the child wakes up and goes to bed at the same time, so that he spends enough time in the fresh air so that his sleep is calm and complete. Avoid outdoor games and other vigorous activities before bedtime. Reading a book with the whole family before bed can be a good and useful family tradition.

7. Meals should be balanced; snacking is not recommended.

8. Observe how the child reacts to various situations, how he expresses his emotions, and how he behaves in public places. A child of six or seven years old must control his desires and adequately express his emotions, understand that not everything will always happen the way he wants it. You should pay special attention to a child if, at preschool age, he can publicly make a scandal in a store, if you don’t buy him something, if he reacts aggressively to his loss in a game, etc.

9. Provide your child with all the necessary materials for homework, so that at any time he can take plasticine and start sculpting, take an album and paints and draw, etc. Allocate a separate place for materials so that the child can manage them independently and keep them in order .

10. If the child is tired of studying without completing the task, then do not insist, give him a few minutes to rest, and then return to completing the task. But still, gradually teach your child so that he can do one thing for fifteen to twenty minutes without being distracted.

11. If the child refuses to complete the task, then try to find a way to interest him. To do this, use your imagination, don’t be afraid to come up with something interesting, but under no circumstances scare the child by depriving him of sweets, not letting him go for walks, etc. Be patient with the whims of your unwilling child.

12. Provide your child with a developing space, that is, strive to ensure that your baby is surrounded by as few useless things, games, and objects as possible.

13. Tell your child how you studied at school, how you went to first grade, look through your school photos together.

14. Form a positive attitude towards school in your child, that he will have many friends there, it is very interesting there, the teachers are very good and kind. You can’t scare him with bad marks, punishment for bad behavior, etc.

15. Pay attention to whether your child knows and uses “magic” words: hello, goodbye, sorry, thank you, etc. If not, then perhaps these words are not in your vocabulary. It is best not to give commands to your child: bring this, do that, put it away - but turn them into polite requests. It is known that children copy the behavior and manner of speaking of their parents.

The role of parents in preparing for school is enormous : adult family members perform the functions of parents, educators, and teachers. However, not all parents, in conditions of isolation from a preschool institution, can provide complete, comprehensive preparation of their child for schooling and mastering the school curriculum. As a rule, children who did not attend kindergarten show a lower level of readiness for school than children who went to kindergarten, because Parents of “home” children do not always have the opportunity to consult with a specialist and structure the educational process at their own discretion, unlike parents whose children attend preschool institutions and prepare for school in kindergarten classes.

Among the functions that a kindergarten performs in the public education system, in addition to the comprehensive development of the child, a large place is occupied by preparing children for school. The success of his further education largely depends on how well and timely the preschooler is prepared.

Preparing children for school in kindergarten includes two main tasks: comprehensive education (physical, mental, moral, aesthetic) and special preparation for mastering school subjects.

The teacher’s work in classes to develop school readiness includes:

Developing in children the idea of ​​classes as important activities for acquiring knowledge. Based on this idea, the child develops active behavior in class (carefully completing tasks, paying attention to the teacher’s words);

Development of perseverance, responsibility, independence, diligence. Their formation appears in the child’s desire to master knowledge, skills, and make sufficient efforts for this;

Instilling in a preschooler experience of working in a team and a positive attitude towards peers; mastering ways to actively influence peers as participants in common activities (the ability to provide assistance, fairly evaluate the results of peers’ work, tactfully note shortcomings);

Formation of children's skills of organized behavior and educational activities in a group setting. The presence of these skills has a significant impact on the overall process of moral development of the child’s personality and makes the preschooler more independent in choosing classes, games, and interest activities.

Raising and teaching children in kindergarten is educational in nature and takes into account two areas of children’s acquisition of knowledge and skills: the child’s extensive communication with adults and peers, and the organized educational process.

In the process of communicating with adults and peers, the child receives a variety of information, among which two groups of knowledge and skills are distinguished. The first provides knowledge and skills that children can master in everyday communication. The second category includes knowledge and skills that children must learn in the classroom. During classes, the teacher takes into account how children learn program material and complete assignments; check the speed and rationality of their actions, the presence of various skills and, finally, determine their ability to observe correct behavior.

Cognitive tasks are connected with the tasks of forming moral and volitional qualities and their solution is carried out in close interrelation: cognitive interest encourages the child to be active, diligent, and influences the quality of activity, as a result of which preschoolers acquire the educational material quite firmly.

It is also important to cultivate in a child curiosity, voluntary attention, and the need to independently search for answers to questions that arise. After all, a preschooler who does not have a sufficiently developed interest in knowledge will behave passively in the classroom, it will be difficult for him to direct effort and will to complete tasks, master knowledge, and achieve positive achievements in learning.

Of great importance in preparing children for school is the development in them of “social qualities”, the ability to live and work in a team. Therefore, one of the conditions for the formation of children's positive relationships is the teacher's support of children's natural need for communication. Communication must be voluntary and friendly. Communication is a necessary element of preparing children for school, and kindergarten can provide the greatest opportunity for its implementation.

The result of a child’s development in preschool childhood is the prerequisites for the child to be able to adapt to the conditions of school and begin systematic study. Such prerequisites include, first of all, the desire to become a schoolchild, to carry out serious activities, and to study. This desire appears by the end of preschool age in the vast majority of children. It is due to the fact that the child begins to recognize his position as a preschooler as not corresponding to his increased capabilities, and ceases to be satisfied with the way of introducing him to the life of adults that play gives him. He psychologically outgrows the game, and the position of a schoolchild begins for him as a step towards adulthood, and study as a responsible matter, which everyone treats with respect. Surveys of children repeatedly conducted in kindergarten preparatory groups showed that children, with rare exceptions, want to go to school and do not want to stay in kindergarten. Children justify this desire in different ways. Most refer to academics as an attractive aspect of school. Of course, it’s not just the opportunity to learn that attracts children. For preschoolers, the external attributes of school life have great attractiveness: sitting at a desk, bells, recess, grades, holding a briefcase, pencil case, etc. Interest of this kind in external aspects is less important than the desire to learn, but it also has a positive meaning, expressing the child’s general desire to change his place in society, his position among other people.

An important aspect of psychological readiness for school is a sufficient level of volitional development of the child. In developed children, this level turns out to be different, but a typical feature that distinguishes six-year-old children is the subordination of motives, which gives the child the opportunity to control his behavior, and which is necessary in order to immediately, upon arriving in 1st grade, be involved in general activities, accept system of requirements imposed by the school on teachers.

As for the voluntariness of cognitive activity, although it begins to form in older preschool age, by the time of entering school it has not yet reached full development: it is difficult for a child to maintain stable voluntary attention for a long time, to memorize significant materials, etc. Education in primary school takes into account these characteristics of children and is structured in such a way that the requirements for the arbitrariness of their cognitive activity increase gradually, as its improvement occurs in the learning process itself.

A child's readiness for school in the area of ​​mental development includes several interrelated aspects. A child entering 1st grade needs a certain amount of knowledge about the world around him - about objects and their properties, about living and inanimate natural phenomena, about people, their work and their aspects of social life, about “what is good and what is bad.” ", i.e. about moral standards of behavior. But what is important is not so much the volume of this knowledge as its quality - the degree of correctness, clarity and generality that has developed in preschool childhood.

The imaginative thinking of an older preschooler provides quite rich opportunities for mastering generalized lessons, and with well-organized training, children master ideas that reflect the essential patterns of phenomena related to different areas of reality. Such ideas are the most important acquisition that will help the child move on to mastering school knowledge at school. It is quite enough if, as a result of preschool education, the child becomes familiar with those areas and aspects of phenomena that serve as the subject of study of various sciences, begins to distinguish them, distinguishing living from nonliving, plants from animals, natural from man-made, harmful from useful. Systematic familiarization with each area, assimilation of systems of scientific concepts is a matter of the future.

A special place in psychological readiness for school is occupied by the mastery of some special knowledge and skills, traditionally related to school skills, such as literacy, counting, and solving arithmetic problems.

The primary school is designed for children who have not received any special training, and begins to teach them literacy and mathematics from the very beginning. Therefore, appropriate knowledge and skills cannot be considered a mandatory component of a child’s readiness for school. At the same time, a significant proportion of children entering grade 1 can read, and all children can count to one degree or another.

Mastery of literacy and mathematics elements in preschool age can influence the success of school education. Education in children of general ideas about the sound side of speech and its difference from the content side, about the quantitative relationships of things and their difference from the objective meaning of these things is of positive importance. Will help your child study at school and master the concept of number and some other initial mathematical concepts.

As for the skills of reading, counting, and problem solving, their usefulness depends on the basis on which they are built and how well they are formed. Thus, reading skill increases a child’s level of readiness for school only if it is built on the basis of the development of phonemic hearing and omniscience of the sound composition of a word, and the reading itself is continuous or syllable-by-syllable. Reading letter by letter, which is not uncommon among preschoolers, will make it difficult for the teacher, since the child will have to be retrained. The situation is the same with counting - it will be useful if it is based on an understanding of mathematical relationships, the meaning of numbers, and useless or even harmful if it is learned mechanically.

The decisive factor in readiness to master the school curriculum is not the skills and values ​​themselves, but the level of development of the child’s cognitive processes and cognitive activity, and the characteristics of the development of his interests. A general positive attitude towards school and learning, towards the position of the student, towards his rights and responsibilities is not sufficient to ensure sustainable successful studies, if the child is not attracted by the very content of the knowledge acquired at school, and is not interested in the new things he learns in the classroom , if he is not attracted by the process of cognition itself.

Cognitive interests develop gradually, over a long period of time, and cannot arise immediately after entering school if sufficient attention is not paid to their upbringing during preschool age. The greatest difficulties in primary school are experienced not by those children who, by the end of preschool age, have an insufficient amount of knowledge and skills, but by those who show intellectual passivity, who lack the desire and habit of thinking and solving problems that are not directly related to any interest of the child. game or everyday situation.

The formation of stable cognitive interests contributes to the conditions of systematic preschool education. However, even under these conditions, some children exhibit intellectual passivity, and in-depth individual work with the child is required to overcome it. The level of development of cognitive activity that can be achieved by children by the end of preschool age and which is sufficient for successful learning in primary school includes, in addition to the voluntary control of this activity, as mentioned earlier, and certain qualities of the child’s perception and thinking. A child entering school must be able to systematically examine signs and phenomena and identify their various properties.

The child’s orientation in space and time is of great importance. Literally from the first days of school, the child receives instructions that cannot be followed without taking into account the spatial characteristics of things and knowledge of the direction of space. So, for example, the teacher requires a line to be drawn “obliquely from the upper left corner to the lower right corner of the cell” or “straight down the right side of the cell”, etc. The idea of ​​time, and the sense of time, the ability to determine how much time has passed is an important part of the student’s organized work in their class, completing assignments on time.

Studying at school and the systematic condition of knowledge place high demands on the child’s thinking. The child must be able to identify the essential in the phenomena of the surrounding reality, be able to compare them, identify similar and different; he must learn to reason, find the cause of phenomena, and draw conclusions.

Another aspect of mental development that determines a child’s readiness for schooling is the development of his speech, mastering the ability to describe an object, picture, event in a coherent, consistent, understandable way for others, to convey his train of thought, to explain this or that phenomenon or rule.

Psychological readiness for school includes the child’s personality traits that help him enter the class team, find his place in it, and get involved in common activities. These are social motives of behavior, those rules of behavior conditioned by the child in relation to other people, and the ability to establish and maintain relationships with peers, which are formed in the joint activities of preschoolers.

teacher of MKDOU

"Kindergarten No. 6 combined type"

Art. Essentukskaya, Predgorny district, Stavropol region

Article: “Federal State Educational Standards of Preschool Educational Institutions and PREPARATION OF CHILDREN FOR SCHOOL”

How will the Federal State Educational Standard ensure that children are prepared for school?

It is not the child who should be ready for school, but the school who should be ready for the child! Children should be such when leaving kindergarten that they do not feel neurotic in the first grade, but are able to calmly adapt to school conditions and successfully master the elementary school educational program. At the same time, the school must be ready for different children. Children are always different and in these differences and varied experiences of the first years of life lies the great potential of each child.
The purpose of kindergarten is to develop the child emotionally, communicatively, physically and mentally. To develop resistance to stress, to external and internal aggression, to develop abilities and a desire to learn. At the same time, we must take into account that the children of today are not the same children as they were yesterday.
Will preschoolers study like at school?
A child should learn through games. First skills in drawing, singing, dancing, reading. Accounts and letters will enter the child’s world of knowledge through the gates of children’s play and other
children's activities. Through play, experimentation, and communication, children get to know the world around them. At the same time, the main thing is not to push the forms of school life onto preschool education.
What is parental involvement?
Parents have the right to choose any form of education. These include private and family kindergartens, and they have the right “to continue education in an educational organization at any stage of education.” Article 44 “Law on Education in the Russian Federation” “parents are obliged to ensure that their children receive a general education.”

Appendix 1

“I will be the best first-grader,” says Lucy, “because my mother has already bought me a school bag.”

No, I will be the best first-grader,” said Katya. - My mother sewed me a uniform dress with a white apron.

No, I..., No, I,” Lenochka argues with her friends. - Not only do I have a school bag and a pencil case, not only do I have a uniform dress with a white apron, they also gave me two white ribbons in my braids.... This dialogue shows the girls’ lack of awareness and readiness for school.
The beginning of school life is a serious test for children, as it is associated with a sharp change in the child’s entire lifestyle. He must get used to:
- to a new teacher;
- to a new team;
- to new requirements;
- to daily duties.
And every child, without exception, goes through the process of adapting to school (adaptation process). And naturally, the more the child has the necessary skills and qualities, the faster he will be able to adapt. But for some children, school demands are too difficult and routines are too strict. For them, the period of adaptation to school can be traumatic. What problems do first-graders face at this time? Where do these difficulties come from? And can they be avoided? Many difficulties can be avoided if you pay attention to them in time.
Most of the sources of possible school difficulties and
Troubles are often hidden in preschool childhood. Reasons:
Parents of a child under 6-7 years of age:
- they don’t often pay attention to the child’s development (“may he still have time to learn, that’s what school is for!”),
- do not pay attention to the peculiarities of his communication with surrounding adults and peers (“it will pass with time...”),
- the presence or absence of a desire to learn (“will get involved,
He’ll grow up, you’ll see, and everything will pass”),
- they do not teach the child to manage his emotions, actions, and obey requirements the first time.
As a result, children do not develop important components of school readiness.
What a child entering school needs to know and be able to do:
1. Your first name, patronymic and last name.
2. Your age (preferably date of birth).
3. Your home address.
4. Your city, its main attractions.
5. The country in which he lives.
6. Last name, first name, patronymic of parents, their profession.
7. Seasons (sequence, months, main signs of each season, riddles and poems about the seasons).
8. Domestic animals and their young.
9. Wild animals of our forests, hot countries, the North, their habits, cubs.
10. Transport by land, water, air.
11.Distinguish between clothes, shoes and hats; wintering and migratory birds; vegetables, fruits and berries.
12.Know and be able to tell Russian folk tales.
13. Distinguish and correctly name planar geometric shapes: circle, square, rectangle, triangle, oval.
14.Freely navigate in space and on a sheet of paper (right - left side, top, bottom, etc.)
15.Be able to fully and consistently retell a story you have heard, compose, and come up with a story based on a picture.
16. Distinguish between vowels and consonants.
17. Divide words into syllables according to the number of vowel sounds.
18. Good use of scissors (cut strips, squares, circles, rectangles, triangles, ovals, cut an object along the contour).
19. Use a pencil: draw vertical and horizontal lines without a ruler, draw geometric shapes, animals, people, various objects based on geometric shapes, carefully paint over, shade with a pencil without going beyond the contours of objects.
Preparing children for writing begins long before the child enters school. The preparatory group pays special attention to this.
Preparing for writing involves the development in children of:
Fine motor skills of the fingers (for this purpose, it is necessary to teach children to perform a variety of practical tasks, create crafts using various tools, in the process of which such qualities as accuracy of voluntary hand movements, eye, accuracy, attention, concentration are developed).
Spatial orientation, in particular on a sheet of paper, as well as in general directions of movement (left to right, top to bottom, forward - backward, etc.).
Fine and graphic skills in the process of visual activity, as well as with the help of graphic exercises.
Coloring has a positive effect on preparing your hand for writing. For this purpose, you can use ready-made coloring albums. When performing such tasks at home, it is necessary to draw the child’s attention to ensure that the image is painted thoroughly, evenly and neatly.
Helps develop graphic skills by performing various tasks related to shading. Hatching is performed under the guidance of an adult. Mom or dad show how to draw strokes, control the parallelism of the lines, their direction, and the distance between them. For shading exercises, you can use ready-made stencils depicting objects.
20. Freely count to 20 and back, perform counting operations within 20. Correlate the number of objects and numbers. Understand the composition of numbers: 2, 3, 4, 5. Read simple mathematical notations.
21. Be able to listen carefully, without distractions.
22. Maintain a slender, good posture, especially when sitting.
Tips for parents:
Develop your child’s perseverance, hard work, and ability to get things done
Develop his thinking abilities, observation, inquisitiveness, and interest in learning about his surroundings. Give your child riddles, make them up with him, and conduct basic experiments. Let the child reason out loud.
If possible, do not give your child ready-made answers, force him to think and explore.
Put your child in front of problematic situations, for example, ask him to find out why yesterday it was possible to sculpt a snowman out of snow, but today it is not.
Talk about the books you read, try to find out how the child understood their content, whether he was able to understand the causal connection of events, whether he correctly assessed the actions of the characters, whether he is able to prove why he condemns some characters and approves of others.
Be attentive to your child's complaints.
Teach your child to keep his things in order.
Do not frighten your child with difficulties and failures at school.
Teach your child to react correctly to failures.
Help your child gain a sense of self-confidence.
Teach your child to be independent.
Teach your child to feel and be surprised, encourage his curiosity.
Strive to make every moment of communication with your child useful.