Minerals activity for preschoolers. Abstract of the GCD “Introduction to minerals

Nadezhda Shesterneva
Educational lesson “Minerals” in the preparatory group

Preliminary work

1. Looking at illustrations, reading "Tales of minerals» according to F. Krivin;

2. Observations during a walk, experiments, creative tasks;

3. Educational games “Define what sign”, “Determine by touch”, with diagrams and others;

4. Conversations on the topic "Underground treasures of the Amur region".

Material:

1. Cards - symbols minerals;

2. Map of the Amur region;

3. Rock samples: clay and sand (glasses with samples for each child);

5. Glasses of water;

6. Sticks or twigs.

Progress of the lesson:

Game "Not really"

The teacher makes riddles about objects, and the children guess, classifying objects according to scheme: Natural world or plant life, living or non-living nature, etc.

One of the clues is minerals. The teacher asks why they are called that, then invites each of the children to take a card and determine which one. mineral indicated on the card.

Questions for children:

1. Tell me how sand, clay, coal, building stone are used?

2. How can you call them in one word? What else can you call it? (treasures of the earth, treasury of the earth, etc.);

3. People, what professions they work in minerals? (geologists, miners);

4. What do geologists do? (explore the subsoil, study stones, go on an expedition);

5. What do miners do? (work in mines, extract coal).

Educator:

Now look at this picture. It shows a map of the Amur region. Select cards with mineral resources of our region. (children choose from a variety of cards with symbols minerals, only those that we have in our region.

You see, even though our region is small, it holds so much wealth! This includes coal, iron, gold, clay, sand, building stone, etc.

Now let's imagine that you and I are researchers and we have our own scientific laboratory. We're closer Let's get acquainted with such minerals as clay and sand. Quietly go to the tables, we will conduct experiments.

Using a magnifying glass, let us carefully examine what sand consists of (very small grains - grains of sand, what do grains of sand look like? They are very small, round (white or yellow depending on the type of sand) Are these grains of sand similar to each other? How are they similar and how are they different?

Now consider a piece of clay in the same way. Are the same particles visible in the clay? In sand, each grain of sand lies separately, it does not stick to its neighbors, but in clay there are very small particles stuck together.

Carefully pour water into a glass of sand and touch it. What has he become? (damp, wet). Where did the water go? She climbed into the sand and "cosy" nestled between grains of sand. Let's try "plant" stick in wet sand. Which sand does it sink into more easily, dry or wet? Then pour some water into a glass with clay. Do we watch how the water is absorbed, quickly or slowly? Slowly, slower than in sand, some of the water remains on top of the clay. Place the stick in wet clay. It is easier to plant a stick in wet clay than in dry clay.

Conclusion

We have looked at and conducted experiments with sand and clay, but what do you think, where are these used? minerals? (in construction) and where are they located? (in an underground quarry) in the world minerals there are many other amazing things. We will talk about them with you at the next classes.

The world around us is filled with things and objects, without which it is impossible for humanity to exist. But in the bustle of everyday life, people rarely think about the fact that we owe all the benefits of modern life to natural resources.

Our achievements are breathtaking, aren't they? Man is the pinnacle of evolution, the most perfect creation on Earth! Now let’s think for a moment why we achieved all these benefits, what forces should we thank, what and to whom do people owe for all their benefits?

Having carefully looked at all the objects around us, many of us for the first time realize the simple truth that man is not the king of nature, but only one of its constituent parts.

Since people owe most modern goods natural resources extracted from the bowels of the Earth

Modern life on our planet is not possible without the use of natural resources. Some of them are more valuable, others less, and without some, humanity cannot exist at this stage of its development.

We use them to heat and light our homes and quickly get from one continent to another. Maintaining our health depends on others (for example, it can be mineral waters). The list of minerals valuable to humans is huge, but we can try to identify the ten most important natural elements, without which it is difficult to imagine the further development of our civilization.

1.Oil is the “black gold” of the Earth

It is not for nothing that it is called “black gold”, because with the development of the transport industry, the life of human society began to directly depend on its production and distribution. Scientists believe that oil is a product of the decomposition of organic residues. It consists of hydrocarbons. Not many people realize that oil is part of the most common and necessary things for us.

In addition to being the basis of fuel for most types of transport, it is widely used in medicine, perfumery and the chemical industry. For example, oil is used to produce polyethylene and various types of plastic. In medicine, oil is used to produce petroleum jelly and aspirin, which is essential in many cases. The most surprising use of oil for many of us is that it is involved in the production of chewing gum. Solar batteries, which are indispensable in the space industry, are also produced with the addition of petroleum. It is difficult to imagine the modern textile industry without the production of nylon, which is also made from oil. The largest oil deposits are located in Russia, Mexico, Libya, Algeria, USA, and Venezuela.

2. Natural gas is the source of heat on the planet

The significance of this mineral is difficult to overestimate. Most natural gas fields are closely related to oil deposits. Gas is used as an inexpensive fuel for heating homes and businesses. The value of natural gas lies in the fact that it is an environmentally friendly fuel. The chemical industry uses natural gas to produce plastics, alcohol, rubber, and acid. Natural gas deposits can reach hundreds of billions of cubic meters.

3. Coal - energy of light and heat

This is a combustible rock with high heat transfer during combustion and a carbon content of up to 98%. Coal is used as fuel for power plants and boiler houses, and metallurgy. This fossil mineral is also used in the chemical industry as a raw material for the manufacture of:

• plastics;
• medicines;
• spirits;
• various dyes.

4.Asphalt is a universal fossil resin

The role of this fossil resin in the development of the modern transportation industry is invaluable. In addition, asphalt is used in the production of electrical equipment, rubber and various varnishes used for waterproofing. Widely used in the construction and chemical industries. Mined in France, Jordan, Israel, Russia.

5. Aluminum ore (bauxite, nepheline, alunite)

Bauxite- the main source of aluminum oxide. Mined in Russia and Australia.

Alunites– are used not only for the production of aluminum, but also in the production of sulfuric acid and fertilizers.

Nephelines– contain a large amount of aluminum. This mineral is used to create reliable alloys used in mechanical engineering.

6.Iron ores - the metallic heart of the Earth

• metalworking and mechanical engineering;
• space and military industries;
• automotive and shipbuilding industries;
• light and food industries;

The leaders in iron ore production are Russia, China, and the USA.

In nature, it is found mainly in the form of nuggets (the largest was discovered in Australia and weighed about 70 kg). It also occurs in the form of placers. The main consumer of gold (after the jewelry industry) is the electronics industry (gold is widely used in microcircuits and various electronic components for computer technology). Gold is widely used in dentistry for the manufacture of dentures and crowns. Since gold practically does not oxidize and does not corrode, it is also used in the chemical industry. It is mined in South Africa, Australia, Russia, and Canada.

8. Diamond is one of the hardest materials

It is widely used in jewelry (a cut diamond is called a diamond); in addition, due to its hardness, diamonds are used for processing metals, glass and stones. Diamonds are widely used in the instrument-making, electrical and electronic sectors of the national economy. Diamond chips are an excellent abrasive raw material for the production of grinding pastes and powders. Diamonds are mined in Africa (98%) and Russia.

9.Platinum is the most valuable precious metal

Widely used in the field of electrical engineering. It is also used in the jewelry industry and the space industry. Platinum is used to produce:

• special mirrors for laser technology;
• in the automotive industry for exhaust gas purification;
• for protection against corrosion of submarine hulls;
• Surgical instruments are made from platinum and its alloys;
• high-precision glass instruments.

10. Uranium-radium ores - dangerous energy

They are of great importance in the modern world, as they are used as fuel in nuclear power plants. These ores are mined in South Africa, Russia, Congo and a number of other countries.

It’s scary to imagine what could happen if, at this stage of its development, humanity loses access to the listed natural resources. In addition, not all countries have equal access to the Earth's natural resources. Natural resource deposits are not evenly distributed. Often it is because of this circumstance that conflicts arise between states. In fact, the entire history of modern civilization is a constant struggle for the possession of valuable resources of the planet.

Municipal state preschool educational institution
Iskitimsky district, Novosibirsk region
kindergarten "Rodnichok" Lebedevka

Summary of GCD for older children
"In the world of minerals"

Completed by: teacher
first classification category
Vdovina S. G.

Target: Formation of local history curiosity, cognitive interest in the surrounding world and the world of inanimate nature of the native land.

Tasks:

• Introduce children to the properties of minerals (sand, clay, coal, chalk), compare how they differ.
• Develop the ability to establish cause-and-effect relationships.
• Foster a caring attitude towards natural resources.
• Continue to introduce the profession of geologist.
• Strengthen research skills; the ability to identify the properties and qualities of proposed materials through experiments.
• Establish safety rules when conducting experiments.
• Continue to introduce the riches of our native land.

Progress of the lesson:

Children enter the group and greet the guests.

Educator: (On the table there is equipment for geologists: a compass, a hammer-pick, a map, a rope, pencils, a notebook and containers for samples.) Look, guys, what kind of equipment is on the table

Children: Equipment for geologists.

Educator: Guys, tell me who are geologists?

Children: Geologists are people who study and search for minerals.

Educator: What are minerals?

Children: Minerals are natural resources that people extract from the depths of the earth or from its surface and use in their households.

Educator: Guys, let us be geologists today and go on an expedition to a mineral deposit.

We collect a backpack and what is needed on the expedition.

Educator: Ready.

Educator: Will we become geologists?

Children:

Everyone will be proud of us.

Yes! Yes! Yes! (Clap overhead)

What awaits us ahead?

High mountain (show with hands)

Stormy river (showing with hands)

You can’t get around it (they stomp their feet)

You can’t swim through it (“they’re floating”)

You can’t fly past it (“wings”)

We need to go straight.

We can do anything, we can do anything

And we will achieve our goal.

Yes! Yes! Yes! (Clap overhead)

Here is our first obstacle. There is a stormy river running here, we need to carefully walk across the bridge and not fall. (Children walk across the bridge. And they see a poster on the easel “Chernorechensky Quarry”)

Educator: Guys, who can tell where we came?

Children: To the Chernorechensky quarry (or to the chalk deposit)

Children: They mine chalk here. Chalk is a type of limestone.

Educator: We select a sample and move on. Our next obstacle is the tunnel.

.(Children walk through the “tunnel”. And they see a poster of the “Yelbashinsky quarry” on the easel)

Educator: Guys, who can tell where we have come now?

Children: To the “Yelbashinsky career”

Educator: What do they get from this quarry?

Children: Sand and clay. Sand is mined on the banks of the Berd River.

Educator: We select samples and move on.

Our next obstacle is a “swamp.” (Jumping on two legs over bumps, through a swamp.)

And they see a poster on the easel (“Gorlovsky cut”) Educator: Guys, who can tell where we have come now?

Children: To the “Gorlovsky cut”

Educator: What is being mined at this mine?

Children: Coal.

Educator: We select a sample and go to the laboratory.

Why are we going there?

Children: To research and conduct experiments with minerals and find out where they can be used.

Let's go back. And we go to the laboratory.

Educator: Here we are in the laboratory. Take off your backpacks. Take out samples and place them on the table. Put on your aprons and I'll lay out the samples.

Guys, remember what rules must be followed when conducting experiments.

1. Listen carefully to an adult.

2. Do not put anything in your mouth or try it.

3. Don't shout or make noise.

4. Special substances can only be used by adults, and children should watch.

Educator: Guys, guess the riddle and we’ll experiment. (The teacher makes a riddle about clay. Ask any child to tell about clay. A story about clay.) Tell what icon clay is indicated on the map.

Guys, listen to the next riddle.
(The teacher makes a riddle about sand.)
Right. This is sand. (A child’s story about sand) Tell me what icon indicates sand on the map.

Experiment with sand and clay.

Equipment: plastic bottles according to the number of children, water in a carafe, sand, clay.

We cut off the plastic bottles, turn the top part of the bottle over and insert it into the second part. Pour sand into one bottle and clay into the other. And pour water equally.

We observe whether water passes through sand and clay.

Conclusion: Sand passes water well, but clay does not. It becomes limp and sticky.

Listen to the next riddle.

(The teacher makes a riddle about coal.)

That's right, it's coal. (Descriptive story for children about coal.)

Educator: You said that coal is hard, but if you hit it with something heavy, what will happen to it?.. Let's see what happens to it. (We put coal in a napkin and hit it with a hammer. It crumbled, which means the coal is hard but brittle.) Tell me what icon is used to indicate coal on the map?
And the last riddle. (The teacher makes a riddle about chalk.) A descriptive story for children about chalk. Tell me what icon the chalk is shown on the map.

Guys, chalk can still get angry, do you want to check? Take a pipette, fill it with lemon juice and drop it onto the chalk. What happened?

Children's answer.

Conclusion: (children answer)

Guys, let's go to our map. You were such a great guy today, share your impressions of the trip. (children's answer) This is a map of the Novosibirsk region. Today we selected samples and conducted experiments with them. You told me a lot about minerals. Name them (coal, chalk, clay, sand.) These minerals are mined in the Iskitim region. They are indicated by icons on the map.

Age: middle group (4-5 years)

Integration of educational areas: "Cognitive Development" , "Social and communicative development" , "Speech development" , "Artistic and aesthetic development" , "Physical development"

Tasks:

1. Expand children's understanding of inanimate nature (Socio-communicative development)
2. Continue to introduce professions - miner (Cognitive development)
3. Expand children's understanding of the properties of stones and their purpose (Cognitive development)
4. Continue to discuss information about objects that go beyond the usual immediate environment (Speech development)
5. Promote curiosity (Speech development)
6. Give the concept of new words - the bowels of the Earth, minerals, precious stones. (Speech development)
7. Develop music listening culture skills (Artistic and aesthetic development)
8. Improve motor skills (Physical development)

Types of children's activities: cognitive-research, communicative, motor, musical.

Methods and techniques: visual - illustrations, viewing a collection of natural stones, viewing photographs of precious stones, verbal - conversation, story, riddles, practical - listening to music.

Materials and equipment: illustrations, a collection of natural stones and photographs of precious stones, a disk with the sounds of the sea.

Preliminary work: reading a Khakass fairy tale "Why did the mountains fall silent" , educational games “Find the same stone” , "Find out by touch" , family cartoon viewing "Dwarves and the Mountain King" , "Silver Hoof" .

Logic of educational activities:

Educator: Guys, our group has accumulated a whole collection of stones. I brought part of this collection from the seaside, where I vacationed in the summer; many of you were also at the seaside and brought stones as a souvenir of your vacation and brought them to kindergarten. How many of you have been to the sea? What did you see there? (children's answers). Do you want to hear the sound of the sea? Now I will turn on the music, you will close your eyes, listen carefully and imagine the picture that it tells you. (Children listen)

What did you hear, what pictures flashed before your eyes? (Children's answers).

Let's listen to the music again, do you hear how the sea roars, how the waves, running onto the shore, roll stones from place to place, how they knock against each other?

Educator: There are sea stones on the tray, take them in your hands, what do they feel like? (flat, round, smooth).

Educator: Yes, the sea waves made them that way. In sea water, stones hit each other, the water breaks off their edges. And they become smooth, smooth - without a single corner. Now take the pebbles from the other tray and place them next to the sea ones. Touch them, what can you say about them? What are they? (rough, uneven, with sharp corners).

Educator: So what is the difference between sea and river pebbles? (Children's answers) Compare them by strength (children test stones for strength and draw conclusions about their hardness).

Educator: Do you know where the stones came from? (children's assumptions). Our planet, the vast, beautiful Earth, keeps many secrets. Do you want to get acquainted with what is stored inside the Earth?

There is a whole world underground! And what a one! Look (the teacher offers illustrations depicting underground caves, stalactites, stalagmites). Where do you think the caves came from, how were they formed? (Children's guesses)

These caves were made by water. I can’t even believe that such soft and gentle water can be so strong and so powerful. It can wash and wash away entire halls of caves among the rocks in the mountains.

Educator: (pay attention to beads made of natural stone, photo of precious stones)). Look at the beautiful shapes, the play of colors, the lines in the drawing. It was Mother Earth and her assistant water who created such miracles. Rings and beads are made of precious stones. These stones are very beautiful. They shine and shimmer in different colors. Such stones are rare in the ground and are expensive, which is why they are called precious. Admire this sun stone (the teacher demonstrates amber, the children look at it) What can you say about him? Want to touch this gem and learn its history?

Educator: Amber is a fossilized resin. Millions of years ago, some species of coniferous trees healed their wounds with resin: whether a branch broke off or the bark of a tree was split off, resin immediately began to be released, which closed the wound. What do you think will happen if an insect lands on a sticky, resinous surface? (It will stick), resin - sticky, viscous. In the resinous puddles, all sorts of small animals and birds left their traces: some fluff, some a feather, some a hair. You can also see air bubbles or raindrops in amber. It took a lot of time for the resin to turn into amber. Coniferous trees grew old and fell. They were covered with earth, under the heavy layer of earth that had piled up, the resin hardened like stone and became amber. How did amber get into the sea? A river flowed through the forest, amber was a light stone, and the waters of the river washed it out of the ground and carried it with them. The river flows into the sea. And the amber treasure ended up in the sea. The storm and waves carried the stone ashore. How beautiful decorations they give for birthdays.

Educator: (shows a piece of coal) Guys, do you think this stone can serve as decoration? It may be ugly and get your hands dirty, but its value and benefit to humans is very great. This is coal. It burns well and is used as a fuel to generate heat and electricity. Coal is stored underground, which is why it is called a mineral. How do you understand the expression "minerals" ? (Fossils - because you need to look for and dig them out of the ground, and useful ones, because they bring great benefits to people). Why is coal called hard coal? (because it's hard) In addition to coal, the Earth's storehouse contains many more minerals, all of which are inanimate. We'll talk about them next time. Are you interested in learning how coal is mined? Then we will have to go to the mountains.

Physical education minute

We'll go right now
And then let's go left
Let's gather in the center of the circle
And we’ll turn around on the spot

We'll sit down quietly
And let's lie down a little
We will rise quietly
And let's jump lightly.

Let our feet dance
And they clap their hands.
Let's turn right
And then we'll go straight
We walked and reached the mountains.

Educator: Coal is mined in quarries if it lies shallow, or in mines if the reserves are deep. (the teacher’s story is accompanied by a display of illustrations). People who mine coal are called miners, miners (Why?). The work of miners is very difficult and dangerous. Everyone respects miners for their strength and courage.

Educator: Today we took a trip through the depths of our Earth, learned about minerals. Who will be the first to guess the riddle: “It’s an unsightly stone, it lies in the ground in a layer, in order to lift it up, you need to visit the mine. There are lights underground - these are miners in the mine. Hammers are used to beat off this very necessary stone. (Coal)

What are minerals? (Children's answers). What minerals did you learn about today? (Children's answers). What are the names of the stones from which jewelry is made? (Children's answers).

Think about what icon you will use to represent coal, amber (the teacher invites the children to draw icons)

An open integrated lesson on environmental education for children in the preparatory group.

Target: formation of a correct idea of ​​the world around us, of the rational use of natural resources in everyday life.

Educational objectives:

• expand knowledge about minerals, classify them into groups: iron ores, building materials, fuels and gems;
• expand and activate children's vocabulary;
• introduce children to the properties and qualities of salt;
• practice orientation on a sheet;
• consolidate the ability to identify the first sound in a word, write down the corresponding letter, and read what is written.

• develop interest and activity in the process of cognitive and research activities;
• activate mental activity, memory, attention.

• cultivate environmentally conscious behavior in everyday life and nature;
• foster a sense of pride in your native land.

Preliminary work: looking at minerals (coal, oil, sand, clay, iron ore, gems), looking at illustrations and pictures, watching videos, conversations on the topics “What is gas/coal/oil needed for?”, “Where is what is mined?”

Progress of the lesson

Educator: Well done! Now you can go on a trip. Take your seats on the ship. ( Children sit on chairs. A picture of a ship at sea appears on the TV screen.)

Educator: Guys, look, here is Treasure Island. Let's get off the ship and onto land. ( The teacher brings out the layout.)

Educator: Look, this is Mineral Island! Who knows what “minerals” are? ( Children's answers.) Minerals are natural resources that people extract on earth and underground and use them in the economy. Minerals are the treasures of the Earth. Let's remember what types of minerals there are? Guess the riddles.

Me, guys, after swimming
I want to be steel.
Steel is also needed for a pin,
And for the plane.
But I myself am plain,
I can be dark.
Underground, in dark caves
I often go to bed. ( Iron Ore.)

And sticky, and fat, and soft,
And the dishes made from it are strong! ( Clay.)

It is yellow and friable,
There is a pile in the yard.
Can you dig it
And pour it into a bucket. ( Sand.)

The white pebble melted
He left marks on the board. ( Chalk.)

He won't run without it
No bus, no taxi,
The rocket doesn't rise.
Guess what it is? ( Oil.)

Educator: You have guessed riddles about minerals, but the people who find them are called geologists. There is such a profession - geologist. Now we will become geologists and tell you about minerals. ( Four children talk about fossils.)

Educator: Now we'll play. It is necessary to divide minerals into groups. ( Didactic game "Minerals".)

Educator: Guys, look, the parrot brought us a letter. Let's read it. But to read it, you need to determine the first sound from each picture and write the corresponding letters in the boxes. ( The children find the letter, read it and find the chest. The teacher opens it.)

Educator: Guys, what's in the chest?

It was cut down in the gray rocks,
They extracted from the seas and lakes,
To then put a pinch
In bowls, bowls, pots, pans.
Rice and fish, beans and salad
They immediately became a hundred times tastier! ( Salt.)

Educator: Salt is also a mineral, and therefore a treasure of the Earth. And now I invite you to visit our on-site laboratory. Let's take a closer look at salt. What color is salt? Now let's smell the salt, does it have a smell? Touch it, what does it feel like? Let's taste it, what is it like? Let's determine whether she sinks in water or not? Let's interrupt, what happened? ( Children conduct experiments.)

Educator: Now let's move to the screen. ( Video "Salt".) In ancient times, salt was more expensive than gold; salt was used to pay for goods instead of money. And it was called “white gold”. Salt can be rock, table and sea. Rock salt is mined in salt mines. Blocks are cut, which are then broken into pieces, loaded onto a conveyor and lifted up. Table salt is extracted from rock salt and from salt lakes using special combines. See how they work. And then the salt is loaded into wagons. Sea salt is obtained by evaporation from sea water. Salt is truly a treasure. It is simply necessary for human life; it is not only consumed as food, but also used to treat various diseases.

Educator: Guys, every year we use more and more minerals, and over time they may run out. Minerals need to be saved. How? Be careful with water. To save gas, gas stoves are being replaced with electric ones. It is necessary to sort the waste so that it can then be sent to recycling plants. This means that even you and I can save minerals.

Educator: Today we learned about another mineral - salt. Learned how salt is used. You can also draw on salt, just like on sand. And, ending our journey, I invite you to go to the tables and try to draw pictures. ( Children approach the tables on which there are plates of salt. Draw with sticks.)

Irina Sergeeva, teacher, GBOU School No. 1794 (building 2)