Examples of sentences with coordinating and non-conjunctive connections. Complex sentences with mixed types of communication

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Complex sentence. Types of Complex Sentences

In addition to simple sentences, complex sentences are often used in speech, with the help of which we express thoughts in more detail, connecting them with each other.

Complex sentences are sentences consisting of two or more simple clauses. Simple sentences as part of a complex sentence do not have intonation completeness, do not have their own purpose of utterance and are combined in meaning and pronunciation into one whole.

The storm has already subsided, the wind has weakened.

As it comes back, so will it respond.

The frost was terrible, but the apple trees survived.

Simple sentences are combined into complex ones in two main ways. In allied complex sentences, parts are combined using intonation and conjunctions (or allied words - relative pronouns and adverbs). In non-union complex sentences, parts are combined only with the help of intonation (without conjunctions or allied words).

The sun is shining over the lake, and the glare is blinding your eyes(union).

Sentences with conjunctions and allied words are divided into two groups: compound sentences, complex sentences.

Compound sentences are those in which simple sentences can be equal in meaning and are connected by coordinating conjunctions.

June turned out to be hot, and the windows in the houses were opened wide at night.

The fur coat was moth-eaten, but the mittens were like new.

Complex sentences are those in which one of the sentences is subordinate in meaning to another and is connected with it by a subordinating conjunction or a conjunctive word. An independent sentence as part of a complex sentence is called the main one, and a dependent sentence, subordinate to the main one in meaning and grammatically, is called a subordinate clause.

If you're in Myshkin(adverbial clause), go to the Efimkins(The main thing).

I want to find a pebble(The main thing), which you don't have(adverbial clause).

Complex sentences with various types of allied and non-union connections

If a complex sentence consists of three or more parts, then some of them can be connected using coordinating conjunctions, others - using subordinating conjunctions, and others - without conjunctions. Such a sentence is called a complex sentence with different types of conjunction and non-conjunction connections.

There was no one too strong vice in me that would have stood out more clearly than all my other vices, there was no picture-perfect virtue in me that could have given me some kind of picture-perfect appearance, but instead, I had a collection of all possible nasty things, a little bit of each, and in such a multitude that I have never seen before in any person. (N.V. Gogol).

(This is a complex sentence consisting of six simple ones, the parts of which are connected by subordinating, coordinating and non-conjunctive connections.)

The parts of a complex sentence must be connected to each other using a coordinating or subordinating connection. What kind of connection is used in a complex sentence can be determined by the conjunction and some other important details. This is how they distinguish (SSP) and complex sentences (SPP).

To begin with, we should remember that a complex sentence consists of two or more grammatical bases that have a single semantic meaning. How these stems interact determines the type of sentence and the punctuation required.

For example, the sentence “I'll go for a walk” is simple, it has one grammatical basis. But if you add one more part to it (“I’ll go for a walk, but first I’ll do my homework”), you’ll get a SSP with two stems “I’ll go for a walk” and “I’ll do my homework,” where “but” acts as a coordinating conjunction.

What is coordinating communication? This is the interaction of two or more parts that are equal and independent of each other. Coordinating sentences are defined in two simple ways.

Necessary:

1. Asking a question from one grammatical base to another is usually impossible in SSP: “The morning was cool, but I went for a bike ride.”
2. Try to divide the SSP into two separate sentences without losing the meaning: “The sun disappeared behind the hill, and the heads of the sunflowers drooped sadly” - “The sun went down” and “The heads of the sunflowers sadly drooped.” The meaning is not lost, but one sentence has turned into two separate ones.

Vivid examples can be found in Russian folklore: “The hair is long, but the mind is short”, “The woman dances, and the grandfather cries”, “The woman is with the cart, but the mare is lighter”; they are also found in descriptions of nature and texts of reflection.

Parts of the BSC are usually connected by conjunctions of the same name, which are divided into types: connecting (and, also, etc.), dividing (or, either, not that... not that, etc.) and adversative (but, but, but, etc.).

Important to know! The coordinating connection can be used not only to connect simple sentences as part of a complex sentence, but also to connect homogeneous members, participial or adverbial phrases.

Subordinating connection

If two or more grammatical stems are used, and they are not equal, but depend in some order on each other, then this is a complex sentence with.

An IPP necessarily has a main part and a subordinate clause, and from the first to the second you can ask a defining question.

For example, “Vasya went out for a walk because his mother started spring cleaning.” The main part “Vasya went out for a walk”, from it we ask the question “why did he do this?” and in the subordinate part the answer is “because mom started spring cleaning.”

The secondary or subordinate part can act as a circumstance, definition or addition.

This type of interaction can be defined:

1. By asking a question from the main clause to the subordinate clause.
2. By highlighting the grammatical basics and identifying the main one.
3. Determine the type of union.

In writing, such relationships between parts are highlighted by punctuation marks, and in oral speech - by an intonation pause.

Types of subordinating connections

In order to correctly parse a sentence into parts and determine the types of subordinating connections, it is necessary to correctly identify the main part and ask a question from it to the subordinate clause.

The subordinate clause can be of several types:

1. The attribute answers the questions: which one? which? whose?
2. The indicative answers questions of indirect cases, i.e. everything except the nominative.
3. The adverbial answers the questions: where? Where? For what? where? Why? When? How?

Since the group of adverbial clauses is very large, subgroups are distinguished among them. Questions also help determine the species.

The adverbial adverbial clause is of the following types:

• time (when? how long?);
• places (where? to where? from?);
• reasons (why?);
• goals (for what? for what purpose?);
• mode of action and degree (how? to what extent? to what extent?);
• comparisons (how?);
• consequences (what follows from this?);
• conditions (under what condition?);
• concessions (in spite of what?).

Important! The type of subordinate clause is determined precisely by the question, and not by the type of subordinating conjunction or allied word. So, for example, the conjunctive word “where” can be used not only in adverbial clauses, but also in the attributive clause: “I’m rushing to that house (which one?) where I used to live.”

Types of communication in NGN

Since such a sentence often contains several subordinate clauses at once, it should also define subordinate relations:

• Consistent submission. Each subordinate clause refers to a word from the preceding clause ("I was humming a song I heard yesterday when we were walking in the park").
• Homogeneous submission. The structure resembles homogeneous members of a sentence. Subordinate clauses answer one question and refer to the same word in the main sentence, while subordinating conjunctions can be different (“After what happened, I didn’t understand how to live and what to do next, how to forget everything and start life again”). The placement of punctuation marks follows the same rule as punctuation for homogeneous members of a sentence.
• Parallel subordination. Subordinate clauses refer to the same main sentence, but answer different questions: “I was bored there, despite the crowd of people, because no one was interesting to me there.”

Important! There may also be sentences with combined subordination.

Subtleties of punctuation

It is equally important to know what punctuation marks should be placed in the SSP and SPP, because the parts are necessarily connected by a conjunction - an auxiliary part of speech that is not inflected, not conjugated and connects homogeneous members or simple sentences as part of a complex one. It is the conjunction that helps to understand what type of connection is used in a sentence.

Coordinating and subordinating connections in sentences involve the use of conjunctions of the same name. Moreover, any of them is necessarily highlighted by a comma on paper, and when reading - by an intonation pause.

Subordinating conjunctions include: what, how, so that, barely, only, when, where, from where, so much, to what extent, as if, as if, because, if, despite that, although, etc.

The coordinating connection in a sentence and phrase determines the use of conjunctions: and, yes, not only, also, but also, also, as ..., so, or, either, then, but, however, also, also, that is, etc.

But sentences can also be non-conjunctive, in which case its parts are separated not only by a comma (“The sun has risen, the roosters have begun their morning songs as usual”), but also by other punctuation marks:

• with a colon: “I told you: you can’t be late!”
• semicolon: “The stars lit up in the sky, filling the night with light; sensing the night, a wolf howled on a high hill in the distance; a night bird screamed nearby on a tree.”
• dash: “It’s pouring like buckets outside - it’s impossible to go out for a walk.”

Useful video

Let's sum it up

The presence of complex sentences makes written and oral speech bright and expressive. They can often be found in fiction and journalistic articles. The presence of complex structures allows a person to correctly and consistently express his thoughts, as well as show his level of literacy. Errors in punctuation, on the contrary, indicate low speech culture and illiteracy.

Complex sentences allow you to convey voluminous messages about several situations or phenomena, making speech more expressive and informative. Most often, complex sentences are used in works of art, journalistic articles, scientific works, and official business texts.

What is a complex sentence?

Complex sentence - a sentence that consists of two or more grammatical bases is an intonationally formed semantic unity expressing a certain meaning. Depending on the relationship of the parts, complex sentences with coordinating subordinating and non-conjunctive connections are distinguished.

Complex sentences with coordinating connections

Compound Sentences - conjunctional sentences, which consist of equal parts connected by a coordinating connection. Parts of complex sentences are combined into one whole using coordinating, adversative or disjunctive conjunctions. In writing, a comma is placed before the conjunction between parts of a compound sentence.

Examples of compound sentences: The boy shook the tree, and ripe apples fell to the ground. Katya went to college, and Sasha stayed at home. Either someone called me, or it seemed like it.

Complex sentences with subordinating connections

Complex sentences - conjunctional sentences consisting of unequal parts that are connected by a subordinating connection. In complex sentences, there is a main part and a dependent (subordinate) part. Parts of the dictionary are connected to each other using conjunctions and allied words. In writing, between parts of a complex sentence, a comma is placed before the conjunction (conjunctive word).

Examples of complex sentences: He picked a flower to give to his mother. Those present were wondering where Ivan Petrovich came from. Misha went to the store his friend was talking about.

Usually, a question can be raised from the main clause to the subordinate clause. Examples: I came home (when?) when everyone had already sat down to dinner. We learned about (what?) what happened yesterday.

Complex sentences with non-conjunction connections

Unconjunct complex sentences are sentences whose parts are connected only with the help of intonation, without the use of conjunctions and allied words.

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Examples of complex sentences with non-conjunctive connections between parts: The music started playing, the guests started dancing. It will be frosty in the morning - we won’t go anywhere. Tanya turned around: a tiny kitten was huddled against the wall.

A comma, dash, colon or semicolon can be placed between parts of non-union complex sentences (depending on what meaning the parts of the BSP express).

Complex sentences with different types of connections

Mixed complex sentences can include several clauses connected to each other by coordinating, subordinating and non-conjunctive connections. In writing, in mixed complex sentences, the punctuation characteristic of complex, complex and non-union sentences is observed.

Examples: Vitya decided that if the teacher asked him to answer a question, he would have to admit that he had not prepared for the lesson. On the right hung a painting depicting a blooming garden, and on the left there was a table with carved legs. The weather worsened: a strong wind rose and it began to rain, but it was warm and dry in the tent.

If complex sentences within a mixed sentence form logical-syntactic blocks, a semicolon is placed between such blocks. Example: On the porch, a sparrow was pecking at grains that grandmother accidentally scattered; At this time, dad came out, and the bird quickly flew away.

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Non-union and allied coordinating connections are one of the ways of constructing. Without them, speech is poor, because they provide more information and are capable of containing two or more sentences telling about different events.

Complex sentences and their types

Depending on the number of parts, complex structures are divided into two- and polynomial. In any of the options, the elements are connected either by a conjunction (which, in turn, is provided by the corresponding part of speech) or by a non-conjunction.

Depending on what types of relationships are present, complex formations create the following groups:

• Complex sentence with non-union and allied coordinating connection: The sky suddenly darkened, a distant rumble was heard, and a wall of rain covered the ground, driving down dust and washing away the city smog.
• Constructions that combine elements with a subordinating relationship, for example: The house we entered was depressing, but in this situation we had no choice.
• Complex sentences with subordinating and non-conjunctive types of connections: No matter how he hurried, his help was late: another car took the wounded.
• In polynomial constructions, subordinating, non-union and allied coordinating connections can be used simultaneously. The next time the phone rang, my mother answered it, but heard only the voice of a robot informing her that her loan was overdue.

It is important to be able to distinguish between complex sentences and constructions complicated, for example, by homogeneous predicates. As a rule, in the first case, the syntactic lexical unit contains several grammatical stems, while in the second there will be one subject and several predicates.

Non-union designs

In this type of lexical constructions, 2 simple sentences or more can be combined, which are connected by intonation and meaning. They can communicate with each other in the following ways:

• Sentences are linked by enumeration. The evening gradually faded, night fell on the earth, the moon began to rule the world.
• Constructions in which elements are divided into several parts, two of which are opposite fragments. The weather was as if to order: the sky cleared of clouds, the sun was shining brightly, a light breeze blew across the face, creating a slight coolness. In this non-union construction, the second fragment, consisting of 3 simple sentences connected by enumerative intonation, explains its first part.
• A binary combination of simple elements into a polynomial complex structure, in which the parts are combined into semantic groups: The moon rose above the ridge, we did not immediately notice it: the haze hid its radiance.

A non-conjunctive, like a conjunctive coordinating connection, in a complete connection separates individual sentences from each other with punctuation marks.

Commas in non-union polynomial constructions

In complex compounds, their parts are separated by commas, semicolons, dashes and colons. Commas and semicolons are used in enumerative relations:

1. The parts are small in size and connected to each other in meaning. After the storm there was silence, followed by a light whisper of rain.
2. When parts are too common and not connected by a single meaning, a semicolon is used. Chamomiles and poppies covered the entire clearing; Grasshoppers were chirping somewhere below.

Non-union constructions are most often used to convey a large amount of information that is not always connected in meaning.

Dividing marks in non-union formations

These signs are used for the following types of relationships between elements of a syntactic structure:

• Dash - when the second part is sharply opposed to the first, for example: We knew about his fears - no one knew about his readiness to die.(In such a construction with a non-union, as well as a union, coordinating connection between parts, I would like to put the conjunction “but”).
• When the first part talks about a condition or time, then a dash is also placed between it and the second fragment. The rooster crowed - it's time to get up. In such sentences, the meaning of the conjunctions “if” or “when” is appropriate.
• The same sign is placed if the second part contains a conclusion about what was discussed in the first. There was no strength to object - he silently agreed. In such conjunction constructions, “therefore” is usually inserted.
• When the second part of the sentence is compared and determined by what is narrated in the first. He makes a speech - he breathes hope into people. In these constructions you can add “as if” or “as if”.
• In sentences with an explanatory connection and justification of the reason, a colon is used. I’ll tell you to the point: you can’t let your friends down.

Sentences with a non-union, as well as a union, coordinating connection between parts are separated by signs depending on their semantic relationship.

Complex constructions

In sentences of this type, a coordinating connection is used, carried out using coordinating conjunctions. In this case, between their parts there may be:

• Connective relationships interconnected by unions and, yes or, particles also, also and neither...nor. No birds chirp, no mosquito squeaks, no cicadas chirp.
• In separating relationships, conjunctions are used what and, or, particles either... or, not that... not that and others. Either the wind brings an incomprehensible sound, or it itself approaches us.
• Sentences with both non-union and allied coordinating connections with comparative relations indicate the identity of events, but in the second case with the use of conjunctions namely And that is. Everyone was happy to see him, that is, that’s what he read on their faces.
• Explanatory relationships tend to use conjunctions yes, but, ah, particles but, and therefore and others. A blizzard was raging outside the window, but it was warm near the fireplace in the living room.

Often it is conjunctions and particles that explain what connects simple sentences into a single complex structure.

Complex sentences with mixed types of communication

Constructions where there is both a non-union and a union coordinating connection at the same time are found quite often. They can contain separate blocks, each of which contains several simple sentences. Within blocks, some elements are connected to others in meaning and are separated by punctuation marks with or without conjunctions. In a complex sentence with a non-conjunctive and a conjunctive coordinating connection, the boundary between them is the dividing marks, although the individual blocks may not be connected in meaning.

In this article we will look at what complex sentences with different types of connections are, examples of which will be given and analyzed. But to make it clear, let's start from afar.

What is a complex sentence?

In syntax, a sentence is words united by a common meaning and connected by the laws of grammar, having a common theme, purpose of utterance and intonation. With the help of sentences, people communicate, share their thoughts, present some material. The idea can be expressed briefly, or it can be expanded. Accordingly, sentences can be laconic or widespread.

Every sentence has its “heart” - a grammatical basis, i.e. subject and predicate. This is the subject of speech and its main characteristic (what does it do, what is it like, what is it?). If there is only one grammatical basis in a sentence, it is a simple sentence; if there are two or more, then it is complex.

(SP) may include two parts, three, four or even more. The relationships in meaning between them, as well as the means of connecting them with each other, can be different. There are complex union proposals and non-union proposals. To learn about their diversity, read the next section.

What are the types of joint ventures?

We have already begun to talk about the fact that joint ventures can be union or non-union. It's very simple. If the parts of the joint venture are connected by a union (or by intonation), then the connection between them is called union, and if only by intonation, then, accordingly, non-union.

In turn, conjunctive sentences are divided into coordinating and subordinating sentences - depending on whether their parts are in an “equal” position or one depends on the other.

Spring will come soon. This is a simple proposal. the world will sparkle with bright colors again. This sentence is complex, and its parts are connected by intonation and conjunction " When". We can ask a question from the main predicative part to the subordinate clause ( the world will sparkle with bright colors When? - when spring comes), which means it's Spring will come soon and nature will bloom. This sentence also has two parts, but they are united by intonation and a coordinating conjunction And. It is impossible to form a question between the parts, but you can easily divide this sentence into two simple ones. This sentence is complex. Spring will come soon, flowers will bloom, birds will fly in, it will become warm. This joint venture contains four simple parts, but they are all united only by intonation; there are no unions at the boundaries of the parts. This means it is non-conjunctive. In order to compose complex sentences with different types of connection, it would be necessary to combine both a conjunctive and a non-conjunctive connection in one sentence.

How many simple sentences can there be in a complex one?

For a sentence to be considered complex, it must include at least two simple and two predicative parts. Complex sentences with different types of connections (we will see examples below) contain at least three parts, and sometimes there are about ten. But in this case, the proposal may be difficult to perceive. Such sentences combine conjunction and non-conjunction, coordinating and subordinating in any combination.

He was surprised; my head and chest were full of some strange feeling; the water ran with frightening speed, indomitably breaking through the stones, and falling with such force from a height that it seemed that the mountain, whose slopes were full of mountain flowers, could not withstand this pressure...

Here's a great example. Here are parts of complex sentences with different This sentence has 5 predicative parts, between which all possible types of connections are presented. What are their features? Let's remember in more detail.

Conjunctive coordinating connection

Complex conjunction sentences are either compound sentences (CCS) or complex sentences (CCS).

A coordinating connection (CC) connects “equal” simple sentences. This means that it is impossible to form a question from one predicative part of a complex sentence to another; there is no dependence between them. Parts of the BSC can easily be made into independent sentences, and the meaning of the phrase will not suffer or change.

Coordinating conjunctions are used to connect parts of such sentences. and, a, but, or etc. The sea was rough and the waves crashed against the rocks with furious force..

Conjunctive subordination

With a subordinating connection (SC), as its name implies, one part of the sentence “subordinates” the other, carries the main meaning, is the main one, while the second (subordinate) only complements, specifies something, you can ask a question about it from the main part. For subordinating connections, such conjunctions and allied words are used as what, who, when, which, because, if etc.

But it’s sad to think that our youth was given to us in vain, that they cheated on it all the time, that it deceived us...(A. Pushkin). This sentence has one main part and three subordinate clauses, dependent on it and answering the same questions: " But it’s sad to think (about what?) that it’s in vain..."

If you try to divide the SPP into separate simple ones, then in most cases it will be clear that the main part retains its meaning and can exist without subordinate clauses, but the subordinate clauses become incomplete in their semantic content and are not full-fledged sentences.

Non-union connection

Another type of joint venture is a non-union joint venture. A complex sentence with different types of connections most often combines a connection without conjunctions with one of the types of conjunctions or with both types at once.

The parts of the BSP are connected only intonationally. But this type of joint venture is considered the most difficult in terms of punctuation. If in conjunctive sentences only one sign is placed between their parts - a comma, then in this case you need to choose one of four punctuation marks: a comma, a semicolon, a dash or a colon. In this article we will not go into the details of this difficult rule, since our task today is complex sentences with different types of connections, exercises in their grammatically correct composition and punctuation.

The horses started moving, the bell rang, the wagon flew away(A.S. Pushkin). This sentence has three parts, connected by intonation and separated by commas.

So, we have briefly characterized each of the possible types of connection between parts of the joint venture, and now we will return to the main topic of the article.

Algorithm for parsing joint ventures with different types of communication

How to correctly arrange signs in a joint venture with many parts and different types of connections? The most important thing is to determine how many parts there are in it and where exactly their boundaries lie. To do this you need to find the grammatical foundations. There are as many predicative parts as there are. Next, we highlight all the minor members related to each of the foundations, and thus it becomes clear where one part ends and the other begins. After this, you need to determine what types of connections between the parts (look at the presence or absence of conjunctions, try to ask a question, or try to make each of the parts a separate sentence).

And finally, all that remains is to correctly place the punctuation marks, because without them in writing it is very difficult to comprehend complex sentences with different types of connections (the exercises in the textbooks are precisely aimed at developing this skill).

How not to make a mistake in choosing punctuation marks?

Punctuation of a complex sentence with different types of communication

Once the predicative parts are highlighted and the types of connections are established, everything becomes very clear. We place punctuation marks in accordance with the rules relating to a specific type of communication.

Coordinating (CC) and subordinating relationships (CS) require a comma before the conjunction. Other punctuation marks in this case are very rare (in a coordinating connection, a semicolon is possible if one of the parts is complicated and contains commas; a dash is possible if the parts are sharply opposed or one of them contains an unexpected result).

With a non-union connection, as mentioned above, one of four punctuation marks may appear, depending on the semantic relationship between the parts of the sentence.

Drawing up diagrams of complex sentences with different types of communication

This step can be performed before placing punctuation marks, or after, to check their correctness. Diagrams are used in punctuation to graphically explain the choice of a particular punctuation mark.

The diagram helps to write complex sentences with different types of connections without punctuation errors. We will give examples of punctuation marks and diagramming right now.

[The day was beautiful, sunny, surprisingly calm]; [a cozy shadow loomed on the left], and [it became difficult to understand], (where it ends, the shadow) and (where the emerald foliage of the trees begins).

In this sentence, a non-union connection is easily traced between the first and second parts, a coordinating connection between the second and third, and the third part is the main one in relation to the next two subordinate parts and is connected to them by a subordinate connection. The scheme of this joint venture is as follows: [__ =,=,=]; [= __], and [=], (where = __) and (where = __). Schemes of complex sentences with different types of connections can be horizontal and vertical. We have given an example of a horizontal diagram.

Let's sum it up

So, we have found out what complex sentences with different types of connections are (examples of them are very common in works of fiction and business communication). These are sentences containing more than two simple ones, and their parts are connected by different types of syntactic connections. JVs with different types of communications may include SPP, SSP and BSP in various combinations. In order not to make mistakes in punctuation marks, you need to identify simple sentences within complex ones and determine the types of syntactic connections.

Be literate!