Russian long-range aviation aircraft. Eight facts about Russian long-range aviation Soviet long-range aviation

In order not to “stupefy”, like that Lama from Yakutia, in my useless expectation, when the corresponding offspring finally bites on the abandoned “bait”, I will share useful information on the stated topic of this magazine. So:

For reference, I consider it necessary to at least briefly highlight the question, what was long-range aviation during the Great Patriotic War? Without further ado, I will quote from the book "Years in the fiery sky. (Long-Range Aviation in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945) ”authors Bochkarev P.P. and Parygin N.I.

It's here - http://militera.lib.ru/h/bochkarev_parygin/index.html.

“During the Great Patriotic War, long-range aviation was the most maneuverable and powerful long-range means of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command. It was involved in performing independent strategic and operational tasks with air operations to destroy military-industrial and administrative-political centers, as well as to disrupt communications and disrupt the maneuver of enemy reserves. In close cooperation with the aviation of the fronts and independently, the ADD conducted a number of air operations in the struggle for strategic air supremacy, which were carried out under the leadership of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command and were characterized by a large scale and decisiveness of goals.

And here are the main resulting statistics on ADD during the war years, also borrowed from these authors: "Aviation, long-range during the war years, made 219,788 combat sorties, dropping 2,000,000 bombs on the enemy, with a total weight of more than 200,000 tons." And fordestruction of troops and equipment during the war years, 40.5% of all donesorties. Forrail traffic disruption accounts for 30.6%sorties. Attacks on airfields amounted to 9.33%sorties. On the landing of troops and cargo accounted for 11.72%sorties. at donations to deep rear facilities were made 3.15%sorties. P on offshore facilities, 2.86% were completedsorties. Aerial reconnaissance required 1.55%sorties. On the aircraft interception was involved 0.3%sorties.

“Out of 202128 tons of bombs, 6628 tons were dropped on administrative-political and military-industrial facilities deep behind enemy lines, 74819 tons on railway junctions and stations; airfields - 22685 tons; naval ports - 5914 tons and troops on the battlefield - 92082 tons.

In the interests of the ground forces and their most important defensive and offensive operations, long-range aviation performed more than 80,000sorties, of which in the battle of Stalingrad - 13874, in the battles on the Kursk Bulge - 7600, in the Belgorod-Kharkov offensive operation - 1898, in the battles near Leningrad - 23270, during the liberation of Crimea - 1865, in the Belarusian offensive operation - 13 451, in Yassko -Kishinev offensive operations - 2602, in the battles for the liberation of the Baltic states - 7213, in the Vistula-Oder, East Prussian offensive operations - 8538 and in the Berlin offensive operation - 3441 sorties. In all these operations, 87,982 tons of bombs were dropped by long-range aircraft.

To provide direct assistance to the partisans of Belarus, Ukraine, Crimea, Latvia, Lithuania, Leningrad and other regions of Russia, as well as Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Poland, long-range aviation carried out over 8 thousand sorties. 12,000 people were transported by air to the territory occupied by the Germans, a large number of cargoes, more than 4,700 wounded were evacuated to the mainland. In total, during the war years, the ADD made 25747 sorties in the interests of the ground forces for the transportation of more than 17 thousand tons of cargo, 83 thousand military personnel and 23 thousand wounded ”(Bochkarev P. P. and Parygin N. I.)

Belgorod historian-scientist Anatoly Mikhailovich Sergienko, researching the history of long-range aviation, established the exact number of Heroes of the Soviet Union in the ADD. There are 273 of them, six were awarded the highest award twice.

And here are specific data on the 36th air division, in the regiments of which my father served. This data is taken from the book "The Winged Guard" by Nikolai Levchenko, describing the history57 Smolensk Red Banner Naval Missile Aviation Division, which continued the glorious combat path of the 36th Air Division DD in the post-war period and was stationed in Bykhov until the collapse of the Union. But as it turns out now, he also borrowed them, but fromofficial history "Birth of a division" (36th hell DD), found in the Sergienko archive. The document is unique, created by staff clerks immediately after the war.

“In total, during the years of the Great Patriotic War, 119 pilots, 131 navigators, 142 radio operators, 153 air riflemen of the division fell in the battles for the Motherland. (It should be noted that in terms of the number of losses, the flight crew of more than three DD air regiments.)

Combat work is characterized by the following data: 1,424 sorties were made during the day, 13,467 at night, and 182,724 air bombs were dropped. As a result of bomb strikes, 6439 fires were caused, explosions of various strengths - 3292, 248 tanks, 254 echelons, 41 locomotives, 1367 wagons, 731 vehicles, 47 aircraft in the air and 480 on the ground, 250 warehouses and 46 tanks with fuel and lubricants, 320 anti-aircraft guns, 44 railway bridges and crossings, 88 searchlights, 20 oil storage facilities and 12 oil rigs, 3 power plants, 210 industrial and station structures, 31 hangars, 3 warships and enemy vehicles were sunk, a large number of manpower and military equipment of the Nazi troops were destroyed. .

As you can see, the nature of the tasks performed, the range of actions and their scale of long-range aviation is impressive. But each sortie is a concrete effort of the techies preparing them. This is the work of hard workers from the airfield maintenance battalions, delivering fuel and bombs to the aircraft, keeping the airfields in proper condition, as well as mechanics of field repair shops, patching lacerated aircraft wounds and resuscitating the motor hearts of combat vehicles. And about these workers of the war, in general, there is little that you will find in memoirs. These are people who remained in the shadow of the military glory of the long-range aviation regiments, but without whom not a single ADD aircraft took to the skies.

, Tu-160

Long Range Aviation Command- an association of the Russian Air Force under the command of the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Aerospace Forces. It is a strategic aviation - a component of Russia's strategic nuclear forces.

Tu-160, 2011.

Tu-22M3, 2011.

Story

The date of creation of Long-Range Aviation is considered to be December 10 (23), 1914, when Emperor Nicholas II approved the decision to create a squadron of airships "Ilya Muromets". Mikhail Shidlovsky (a former naval officer, chairman of the board of shareholders of the Russian-Baltic Carriage Works, which built the Ilya Muromets airships) became the squadron commander.

By April 1917, the squadron included four combat detachments, about 20 bombers. In September 1917, German troops approached Vinnitsa, where a squadron of air ships was stationed at that time, so the planes were burned so that they would not get to the enemy.

A decree of the Council of People's Commissars dated March 22, 1918 ordered the formation of the Northern Group of Ilya Muromets airships, consisting of three combat units. Thus began the revival of long-range aviation in the RSFSR.

In 1933, for the first time in the world, heavy bomber aviation corps were formed, which received the TB-3 bomber. In January 1936, the first aviation army of the VGK reserve (Special Purpose Army - GA) was formed. In the same year, the troops began to receive twin-engine long-range bombers DB-3 (after modernization - DB-ZF (IL-4)). In 1936-1938, three special-purpose air armies were created, which were directly subordinated to the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR.

In 1940, the Long-Range Bomber Aviation of the High Command of the Red Army (DBA GK) was created, and the departments of special-purpose armies were disbanded. By the middle of 1941, the DBA GK included five air corps, three separate air divisions and one separate air regiment: with a total of approximately 1,500 aircraft (13.5% of the total fleet of the Red Army Air Force) and almost 1,000 combat-ready crews. By the Decree of the State Defense Committee of March 5, 1942, Long-Range Bomber Aviation was transformed into Long-Range Aviation (ADD) with direct subordination to the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command. General Alexander Golovanov was appointed commander of the ADD.

In 1960, in connection with the creation of the Strategic Missile Forces, two of the three directorates of the air armies of the Long-Range Aviation were transferred to the Strategic Missile Forces.

In 1961, the organization of Long-Range Aviation was changed, which was based on three separate heavy bomber corps:

2nd Separate Heavy Bomber Aviation Corps (Vinnitsa);
6th Separate Heavy Bomber Aviation Red Banner Corps (Smolensk);
8th Heavy Bomber Aviation Corps (Blagoveshchensk).

To control the regiments and divisions of the former 43rd Air Army, the 2nd Separate Heavy Bomber Air Corps of the Long-Range Aviation was formed to be deployed in Vinnitsa.

In 1961, the 2nd otbak included:

13th Guards. tbad (Poltava) as part of the 184th (Priluki), 185th and 225th tbap on Tu-16 aircraft (both at the Poltava airfield);
15th Guards tbad (Zhytomyr) as part of the 250th tbap (Stryi), 251st tbap (Bila Tserkva) on Tu-16 aircraft and 341st tbap (Ozernoye) on Tu-22 aircraft;
106th tbad (Uzin) as part of the 182nd tbap (Mozdok), 409th and 1006th tbap (both at the Uzin airfield) on Tu-95K and Tu-95M aircraft;
199th Guards. odrap (Nizhin) on Tu-16 aircraft.

To control the regiments and divisions of the former 50th Air Army in 1960, the 6th Separate Heavy Bomber Aviation Corps of the Long-Range Aviation was formed with a deployment in Smolensk.

In 1961 it included:

In 1980, on the basis of these corps, three air armies of the Supreme High Command were formed:

(Smolensk);
30th Air Army of the Supreme High Command for Strategic Purposes (Irkutsk);
24th Air Army of the Supreme High Command for operational purposes (Vinnitsa).

The Long-Range Aviation Command was reorganized into the 37th Air Army of the Supreme High Command for Strategic Purposes with headquarters based in Moscow.

30th Air Army of the Supreme High Command for Strategic Purposes (Irkutsk);
37th Air Army of the Supreme High Command for Strategic Purposes (Moscow);
46th Air Red Banner Army of the Supreme High Command of Strategic Purpose (Smolensk);
43rd center for combat use and retraining of long-range aviation flight personnel (Ryazan).

On April 1, 1998, the Long-Range Aviation Command was transformed into the 37th Air Army of the Supreme High Command (strategic purpose). AT

Participation in operations

Tu-160 escorted by Su-30 performs a combat mission in Syria

Commanders

Golovanov Alexander Evgenievich, Air Chief Marshal (1946-1948)
Rudenko Sergey Ignatievich, Colonel General of Aviation (1950-1953)
Novikov Alexander Alexandrovich, Air Chief Marshal (1953-1955)
Sudets Vladimir Alexandrovich, Air Marshal (1955-1962)
Reshetnikov Vasily Vasilyevich (1969-1980)
Gorbunov Ivan Vladimirovich, Colonel General of Aviation (1980-1985)
Deinekin Pyotr Stepanovich, lieutenant general (1985-1990)
Kobylash Sergey Ivanovich
- Headquarters, military unit 44402 (Moscow)
- 63rd Mitavsky separate communication center for automated controls, military unit 83069 (Smolensk region, Smolensk, Smolensk-Severny airfield).
- 22nd Guards Heavy Bomber Aviation Donbass Red Banner Division (Saratov Region, Engels):
  - 121st Guards Heavy Bomber Sevastopol Red Banner Aviation Regiment, military unit 85927 (former military unit 06987) (Saratov Region, Engels)
    technique: 7 units Tu-160M (02 Vasily Reshetnikov, 04 Ivan Yarygin, 10 Nikolai Kuznetsov, 11 Vasily Senko, 17 Valery Chkalov, 18 Andrey Tupolev, 9 Valentin Bliznyuk), 9 units. Tu-160 (03 Pavel Taran, 05 Alexander Golovanov, 06 Ilya Muromets, 07 Alexander Molodchiy, 08 Vitaly Kopylov, 12 Alexander Novikov, 14 Igor Sikorsky, 15 Vladimir Sudets ”, 16 “Alexey Plokhov”)
  - 184th Guards Heavy Bomber Poltava-Berlin Red Banner Aviation Regiment (Saratov Region, Engels)
    technique: 18 units Tu-95MS (10 Saratov, 11 Vorkuta, 12 Moscow, 14 Voronezh, 15, Kaluga 16 Veliky Novgorod, 17, 18, 19 Krasnoyarsk, 20 Dubna, 21 Samara, 22 Kozelsk, 23, 24, 25, 27 Izborsk, 28 Sevastopol, 29 Smolensk)
  - 52nd Guards Heavy Bomber Aviation Regiment (TBAP), military unit 33310 (Kaluga region, Shaikovka settlement, Shaikovka airfield). technique: 23 units Tu-22M3
    (01, 06, 12, 15, 16, 17, 21, 22, 24 Mikhail Shidlovsky, 25 Yuri Deneko, 26, 28, 35, 36, 38, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46 , 48, 49 "Alexander Bereznyak")
    - aviation commandant's office of the 52nd guards TBAP, military unit 33310-A (Novgorod region, Soltsy, air. Soltsy)
  - 40th mixed aviation regiment (SAP), military unit 36097 (Murmansk region, Olenegorsk-8, settlement Vysoky, airfield Olenya)
    technique: 4 units An-12 (10, 11, 19, 26), 3 units Mi-26 (80, 81, 82), 6 units Mi-8MT (07, 17, 70, 77, ...)
    - aviation commandant's office of the 40th SAP, military unit 36097-A (Republic of Komi, Vorkuta, Sovetsky airfield).
- 326th Heavy Bomber Aviation Tarnopol Order of Kutuzov Division (Amur Region, Seryshevo-2 village, Ukrainka village):
  - 79th Heavy Bomber Order of the Red Star Aviation Regiment (TBAP), military unit 62266 (Amur Region, Seryshevo-2 settlement, Ukrainka village, Ukrainka airfield)
    technique: 14 units Tu-95MS (01 Irkutsk, 02 Mozdok, 03, 04, 06, 07, 10, 20, 21, 22, 26, 28, 41, 43)
  - 182nd Guards Heavy Bomber Sevastopol-Berlin Red Banner Aviation Regiment (GTBAP), military unit 75715 (Amur Region, Seryshevo-2 settlement, Ukrainka village, Ukrainka airfield). technique: 16 units Tu-95MS (45, 47, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59 Blagoveshchensk, 60, 61, 62)
    - aviation commandant's office of the 182nd GTBAP, military unit 75715-A (Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Anadyr, coal air).
  - 200th Guards Heavy Bomber Brest Red Banner Order of Suvorov Aviation Regiment, military unit 35020 (former military unit 62266-B) (Irkutsk region, Usolsky district, Sredny village, air Belaya). Technique: 15 units Tu-22M3 (01, 02, 21, 22, 25, 26, 27, 30, 31, 33, 34, 37, 46, 58, 67)
    - aviation commandant's office of the 200th GTBAP, military unit 35020-A (Republic of Sakha - Yakutia, Bulunsky ulus, p. Tiksi, air. Tiksi): 1 unit. Mi-8AMTSh-VA (17)
    - aviation commandant's office (Kotelny Island, Novosibirsk Islands, air Temp).
  - 444th heavy bomber aviation regiment (Irkutsk region, Usolsky district, Sredny settlement, air Belaya). The regiment was transferred from Vozdvizhenka.
    Vehicles moved from Sovetskaya Gavan. technique: 14 units Tu-22M3 (03, 24, 37, 42, 43, 47, 48, 50, 51, 53, 54, 55, 56, 58)
  - 181st separate mixed aviation squadron (Irkutsk region, Usolsky district, Sredny village, Belaya airfield)
    technique: 2 units An-12, 3 units. An-30 (30, 31, 33), 2 units An-26 (58, 59)
- 43rd Guards Oryol Center for Combat Employment and Retraining of Long-Range Aviation Flight Personnel, military unit 41521 (Ryazan, Dyagilevo airfield):
  - 49th Instructor Heavy Bomber Red Banner Aviation Regiment of military unit 52654 (Ryazan, Dyagilevo airfield)
    technique: 6 units Tu-95MS (20 "Ryazan", 22 "Chelyabinsk", 23 ...), 6 units. Tu-22M3 (33, 34, 35, ...), 1 unit IL-78 (34), 1 unit Tu-134AK, 2 units. Mi-8MT
  - 27th mixed aviation regiment, military unit 77977 (Tambov, air force Tambov): 2 units. An-12, 8 units. An-26, 10 units Tu-134UBL (UBSH).
- 203rd Separate Guards Aviation Orlovsky Regiment of Tanker Aircraft (Ryazan, Dyagilevo airfield)
  technique: 12 units Il-78M (30, 31, 32, 35, 36, 50, 51, 52, 80, 82, 83, 1 unit without board), 6 units. IL-78 (33, 79, 81, 86, 2 units without board)
- Museum of Long-Range Aviation, military unit 41521 (Ryazan, air force Dyagilevo).
Centerpolygraph

- ADD Armed Forces of the USSR.

The world's first practical creation of heavy passenger aircraft, with 4 engines on the wings, began in the Russian Empire. On a passenger plane engineer and pilot I. I. Sikorsky, Ilya Muromets, several world records were set, so in 1913 a load weighing 1,100 kilograms was lifted, and in 1914 16 passengers and a dog, these events were listed in the Guinness Book of Records. This aircraft was serially built at the Russian-Baltic Carriage Works (Russo-Balt), a total of 80 such machines were built.

In the current difficult situation, the initial period of the war, there was a violation of the centralized control of the DBA GK, large losses of aircraft and crews, and constant reorganization of formations. The forces of the DBA of the Red Army Civil Code were divided into small groups, as a result, 74% of all sorties "far", for 1941, was produced for the purpose of direct support of troops on the battlefield, which was not the main purpose of the DBA GK.

In August 1941, the Supreme High Command had to abolish the corps command and control of the DBA GK, since the loss of forces reached 65% of the original composition in June of the same year, and only seven air divisions remained in the DAF. The situation in the DBA GK, by the beginning of 1942, left much to be desired, therefore, in order to preserve the forces of the DBA GK, centralize their management, and ensure their massive use in the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command, they decided and created Long-Range Aviation (ADD), as a separate branch of the Air Force , Decree of the State Defense Committee of the USSR, dated March 5, 1942, in order to fulfill tasks of strategic importance:

In addition, the ADD (including the Civil Air Fleet, GVF, which is part of it) was widely used to support the partisan movement both in the occupied territory of the USSR, and in Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia and Poland, and to perform special tasks, such as delivery to any the point of the deep rear of the enemy (even near Berlin) of scouts, reconnaissance and reconnaissance and sabotage groups, assistance to the resistance movement in occupied Europe and many others.

Formations of the ADD were allocated from the Red Army Air Force to be directly subordinate to the Headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief (SVGK). Eight long-range bomber aviation divisions, several hard-surface airfields were transferred to long-range aviation, and a control, recruitment, logistics and repair system independent of the Red Army Air Force was created.

All the time of its existence, Long-Range Aviation was the reserve of the Supreme High Command (VGK). Commanding ADD received orders only from the Supreme Commander-in-Chief I. V. Stalin. Long-range aviation for that period of time consisted of more than 1300 TB-3, TB-7 and Il-4 bombers.

A directorate and five long-range bomber corps were created, which at various times were armed with almost 3,000 airships, of which about 1,800 were combat. The basis of the combat aircraft fleet long-range aviation were long-distance diplomats, during the first raid on Budapest, the large railway station of the Hungarian capital was badly damaged and, according to the Hungarian press, the government is requisitioning all the glass in the city to repair windows. At present, all three states are feverishly organizing air defense in the main cities and at factories working for the Nazis, prudently created in these countries, as it were, far from the bombers of the united countries "...

In September 1944, Long-Range Aviation was transferred to the Red Army Air Force and reorganized into the 18th Air Army. Purpose 18 VA while remaining the same.

According to military statistics, long-range aviation carried out sorties:

37 VAVGK military doctrine of the USSR Armed Forces. Three armies were reorganized into rocket armies, and one army was disbanded in mid-1953.

Only aviation formations are presented, the rest of the formations (communications, airfield, security, and so on) are indicated as others.

By the beginning of 1943, there were 11 aviation divisions in the combat strength of the ADD VGK. In accordance with the decree of the State Defense Committee of the USSR, eight long-range bomber aviation corps began to form in May. The combat strength of long-range aviation increased to 700 aircraft and, thanks to the defense industry, continued to increase, albeit at a slow pace, and the task was to bring it up to 1200 aircraft.

In December, the ADD VGK included 17 aviation divisions and 34 aviation regiments.