So, interesting figures and facts that characterize the modern school.
Public or private?
In Russia now, according to statistics, there are about 70 thousand secondary schools, in which 20 million children study. Coverage in general education in the Russian Federation is still, despite everything, one of the highest in the world and amounts to 81% of the population aged 7 to 17 years inclusive. True, the total number of students in daytime comprehensive schools will be reduced by 30% by 2008–2010 compared to 1999. This situation is due to a decline in the birth rate in the Russian Federation over the past ten years.
There are about 700 private schools in Russia (of which about 280 are in Moscow). 45 thousand children study in private Russian schools, which is 5% of the total number of students. The average population of a Moscow city school is 550-950 people, a private school is from 100 to 200.
What do Russians think about school?
Data from sociological surveys conducted by the ROMIR Monitoring agency. A total of 1,500 people aged 18 years and older were surveyed.
Who do you think is the greatest authority for today's schoolchildren?
- Parents 36%
- Friends 23%
- Heroes of films, books 23%
- Grandmother (grandfather) 4%
- Brother (sister) 3%
- Teachers 3%
- Politicians 1%
- Other 6%
- Difficult to answer 2%.
Where does your son/daughter study?
- In a regular school 23%
- In lyceum (gymnasium) 4%
- In a special school 1%
- I do not have a school age child 72%.
Do you pay for your child's education?
- No, I'm not crying 83%
- Yes, I pay 17%.
Are you satisfied with your child's academic results?(The opinion of respondents who have a school-age child is considered).
- Completely satisfied 24%
- Rather satisfied 52%
- Rather dissatisfied 20%
- Completely dissatisfied 3%
- Difficult to answer 1%.
What do you think a school should do first of all - provide knowledge or educate an integral personality?
- Provide the necessary knowledge 21%
- Nurture personality 13%
- Do both equally 66%.
Studying at school is dangerous for your health!
Doctors are sounding the alarm: since 1997, among adolescents aged 15 to 17 years, general somatic morbidity has increased by 18%, and of the endocrine system - by more than 30%. Diseases of the digestive system increased by 14%, the number of ailments of the musculoskeletal system increased by 27%, and myopia was 2.8 times more common.
Schoolchildren began to suffer more often from neuropsychiatric disorders and diseases. Let us note that in educational institutions of a new type - “advanced” schools, lyceums, gymnasiums - the deepening of knowledge is achieved through a significant compaction of the school curriculum. Sometimes this compaction far exceeds the psychophysiological abilities and capabilities of schoolchildren. In such schools, the academic workday, including school and homework, has increased to 10–12 hours in elementary schools and 15–16 hours in high schools! As a result, only 2% of healthy students remained in schools of the new type, while in regular schools - 10.1%. In teenagers from “strong” schools, elementary physical fatigue can manifest itself in increased blood pressure, neurosis-like reactions, and sleep disturbances.
According to special studies, up to 70% of schoolchildren drink alcohol, of which 10% are at risk for developing alcoholism, up to 30% of schoolchildren smoke, and up to 6% use drugs from time to time.
About our daily bread
More precisely, about nutrition at school. During our childhood, a long break after the second lesson was reserved for breakfast, and in decorous pairs, each class in turn went to the dining room, where they were given a cutlet with hodgepodge or curd cheese with jelly. The quality was, of course, standard catering, but still better than nothing. Then the moment came when the school stopped serving breakfast, and then the students began to carry sandwiches and thermoses with them, adding to the already heavy daily burden. Fortunately, now almost all schools have meals. In some schools, food is delivered already heated, while in others, breakfast is prepared on site. Some schools even organize a buffet.
Who would have thought that school lunches might also need reform? But come on... For example, the municipality of New York City made a decision: there should be no sweets in school breakfasts. Pasta and potato dishes are also at risk of exclusion. Popular among teenagers, pizza and chicken nuggets (deep-fried breaded pieces of meat) will remain on the menu, but their portions will be reduced. The sale of chewing gum, candy, cookies and lemonade is now prohibited in schools. In return, students will be offered vegetable dishes, dairy products and fruits. This revolutionary decision is dictated by sad statistics - now approximately one in five New York schoolchildren is obese.
They also take care of the healthy nutrition of schoolchildren in Japan: here the school breakfast compulsorily includes two or three quail eggs, as well as crabs, which, by the way, are supplied from Russia.
It is curious that boys and girls choose different dishes in school canteens. Researchers at the Sodexho Center analyzed what drives the choices of children and adolescents aged 5 to 17 years in eleven different countries. What turned out to be this:
- Children insist on their right to choose food according to their taste. If in 1960 76% of children agreed to “eat what they give,” today only 10% are like that.
- Over the past three decades, the total daily calorie content of foods consumed in school has generally decreased.
- Boys spend three times more money on food than girls.
- Girls spend one and a half times more time at breakfast than boys, but boys prefer to sit longer at dinner (lunch).
- Boys consume on average 56% more calories than girls.
- 73% of girls said they had been on a diet in the past twelve months.
- 20% of boys are overweight compared to normal.
School years are wonderful...
But how many wonderful years are there? This is a sore point for Russia; there is a lot of debate now about the advisability of a twelve-year education. The idea of extending the duration of study by one year arose five years ago and caused a strong reaction among many politicians. How many years do children study in foreign schools?
In general, children around the world are spending more time at school. According to UNESCO education data for 2004, in Finland, New Zealand and Norway, children can expect to receive education for more than thirteen years (after the ten-year basic school, children can enroll in either a lyceum preparing for university or a vocational college ; study at both the lyceum and college lasts three years). Thirteen years is almost twice as long as in Bangladesh or Myanmar (Burma), and four times as long as in Niger or Burkina Faso.
In Europe, Latin America and Oceania, on average, children spend about twelve years in primary and secondary school. Behind them come North American schoolchildren, who spend just over eleven years in school. For Asia, this figure is nine years, and for Africa – seven and a half years.
Children in Afghanistan study the least (a little more than two years). Statistics over the past ten years indicate an overall increase in primary and secondary school enrollment worldwide. According to UNESCO, the most significant changes have occurred in Africa: in some countries the duration of education has increased by 2-3 years, and in Uganda and the Comoros by four years. In other countries, such as Congo, the length of schooling has, on the contrary, decreased.
According to experts, there is a direct connection between the duration of education and national wealth.
School uniform: pros and cons
In order to resolve the issue of school uniforms, the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation decided to conduct a sociological survey through anonymous questioning of students, teachers and parents. The survey results showed that 70% of teachers, 55% of parents and 24% of schoolchildren were in favor of introducing school uniforms.
By the way, in Japan now school uniforms have unexpectedly become the standard of teenage fashion. Now girls outside the school walls wear some semblance of their school uniform: white blouses, dark blue pleated short skirts, knee-high socks and light leather shoes that harmonize with them.
Canadian schoolchildren wear plaid vests and matching shorts or skirts, white blouses and knee socks.
However, the concept of form is a rather vague thing, determined by national mentality and traditions. For example, in Swaziland the government banned schoolgirls from wearing miniskirts to school. From now on, all girls over ten years of age must wear skirts below the knee.
In Iran, on the contrary, a decision was made to unprecedentedly soften the requirements for school uniforms. Primary school girls are now allowed to wear capes that are not black or brown, but lighter colors - blue, beige, green and pink, provided that these bright colors do not shock anyone and are in harmony with the very spirit of school education. “Of course, wearing a veil is preferable,” the liberal Ministry of Education said, “but we will not specifically force schoolgirls to do so.”
Inessa Smyk
Based on materials from the magazine "Home"
Since its creation in 2004, the Russian Ministry of Education and Science has always adhered to a policy of maximum information openness. Today we present to your attention the main results of our work in figures and facts.
Over eight years, education funding has almost quadrupled. At the same time, an important achievement was the improvement of the financial and economic mechanisms of the educational industry.
Over the past 8 years, along with an increase in the birth rate, there has been a positive trend in the provision of places in kindergartens. Today it is 63%, which is the best figure since 1991.
The new educational standards for the first time fixed the requirements for learning conditions, and launched a powerful process of updating the entire material base of schools, colleges and universities. At the same time, the main emphasis was placed on ensuring equal access to quality education for everyone, regardless of place of residence and social status.
The most clear illustration of changes in Russian schools in recent years is the widespread provision of computer classes and the provision of the Internet to every school. The implementation of a large-scale program to connect all Russian schools to the Internet took place in 2006-2008. Every day up to 300 Russian schools connected to the World Wide Web.
The first trial Unified State Exam was held in several regions of Russia in 2001. Since 2009, the Unified State Exam has become a mandatory form of certification for all school graduates. Thanks to the Unified State Exam, for the first time in Russia an independent and objective system for assessing knowledge appeared, as well as a “social elevator” for young people throughout the country.
A new remuneration system (NSOT) was introduced, which made the size of a teacher’s salary directly dependent on the efficiency and quality of his work. The new wage system was tested in pilot regions as part of comprehensive education modernization projects in 2007-2009. Along with a steady increase in teachers' salaries, NSET is launching mechanisms to improve the quality of school education. To date, three NSOT models have emerged: “base salary +”, “all inclusive” and “student hour”.
Higher professional education is the most dynamically developing area of the industry. Focus on leaders, long-term development programs, variability of personal trajectory for students and, finally, broad integration with the global educational community, including in the field of adaptation of standards and approaches to university science, make our universities increasingly competitive in the global market.
Despite the decrease in the number of budget places (from 610.8 thousand people in 2004 to 490.8 thousand people in 2011), the level of accessibility of higher professional education has increased. The fact is that the decline in the number of budget places was slower than the decline in the number of school graduates (1.5 million graduates in 2005 and 730 thousand in 2011). Thus, the number of budget places per 1000 school graduates was constantly increasing: in 2007 - 301 people, in 2011 - 438 people.
Just five years ago, the concept of leading universities did not exist in Russia. Everyone was equal and required equal attention (primarily financial) from the state. Giving earrings to all the sisters when the number of “sisters” exceeded a thousand meant offending each one and not solving anything. As a result, the pie was divided fairly. Some people got it for past (and, more importantly, existing) services, others - for future ones.
In exceptional cases, special status was assigned by volitional decision, in most cases - on a competitive basis.
High-quality vocational education is impossible without scientific research. Universities cannot fully develop and fight for competitiveness if professors, graduate students and students, in addition to transferring and receiving knowledge, do not engage in theoretical and, no less important, applied research. That is why one of the priorities in the modernization of higher education was the development of university science.
Finishing school is the beginning of a new stage in everyone. Many people want to continue their studies in higher educational institutions and acquire a certain profession. According to the requirements, school graduates must pass exams in relevant subjects. Unified State Exam statistics make it possible to evaluate test results by year and identify the weakest ones in the country.
Basic information
The Unified State Exam is a unified state exam, which is held in secondary educational institutions (schools, lyceums, gymnasiums). Rosobrnadzor is responsible for their implementation. The language used is Russian. The first exams were held in 2001 in the Samara and Rostov regions. In 2008, Unified State Exam statistics included more than 1 million students taking exams in the country. A year later, the Unified State Exam became mandatory for admission to.
The results are given on a 100-point system. It is necessary to overcome the minimum level, which is approved every year in all subjects. Unified State Exam (minimum) by year:
Does the law provide for age restrictions? No. According to statistics, the age of those taking the Unified State Exam varies. For example, in 2016, a 78-year-old applicant wanted to enter the journalism department.
An important factor is the psychological preparation of students. There are known cases when students committed crimes because of the Unified State Exam. In 2016, in the Volgograd region, a 16-year-old schoolgirl committed suicide after passing mathematics. In her suicide note, she asked to cancel the Unified State Exam and not torment him anymore.
Required subjects
To receive a certificate, students must take Russian language and mathematics. Students choose other subjects voluntarily. Unified State Examination statistics by year (Russian language):
Since 2015, mathematics has been divided into specialized and basic levels. The first one is needed for admission to universities. What are the statistics for passing the Unified State Exam in mathematics? More than 6% of graduates cannot achieve the minimum score in this subject. While the minimum level of the Russian language is incomprehensible for 3.7% of schoolchildren.
List of items:
What are the statistics for choosing Unified State Exam subjects? No more than 5% of graduates pass the literature test. The subject is required for professions that are not in high demand. But for technical specialties, graduates need to take the Unified State Exam in physics. In 2017, the maximum primary score increased from 50 to 52 points. The Unified State Exam in Chemistry is taken in the following areas:
- medicine;
- chemical technology;
- biotechnology.
Statistics of Unified State Exam subjects show that chemistry is not popular among students. The subject is chosen by 1 in 10 students. The test contains 35 tasks. To get a C, you need to score 37 points.
Future doctors, psychologists and biologists must take the Unified State Exam in biology. In 2018, the minimum barrier is 37 points. The history test consists of 25 tasks. Solving the first 6 tasks or a well-written essay will provide the student with a C grade. The subject is needed for the following specialties:
- design;
- jurisprudence;
- linguistics.
The social studies exam is the most popular after the Russian language and mathematics. It is needed for all humanities majors. What are the Unified State Exam statistics for Russia? About 49% of graduates pass the social studies exam. For a top three, it is enough to score 19 points. That is, you need to solve only 13 test tasks.
Indicators by region
Unified State Exam statistics by region show different results. The economic situation affects the level of knowledge of students. Not many people can afford to study with a tutor. In some regions, schools are less well funded. Therefore, qualified teachers leave there.
This trend is observed not only in Russia. For example, according to the results of educational assessments in Ukraine, only 28.4% of urban school graduates have a high level of knowledge. While in rural areas the figure is 8%. Statistics of the Unified State Exam results show that economic and educational characteristics determine the final scores by 64% in Russian and 53% in mathematics.
The lowest grades are received by students from schools in the Far East. Profile mathematics is well passed in the Perm region and Udmurtia. But graduates of the Orenburg region receive the highest scores in the Russian language. Good grades are also received in St. Petersburg and Perm. Whereas in Dagestan the number of students who scored 100 points increased.
15/06/2015
If you delve into the website of the Federal State Statistics Service, you can draw some conclusions regarding the mortality and education levels of Russians living in rural areas. These conclusions are disappointing.
B logger Maxim Averbukh I found official figures that compare the level of provision of villagers with schools and clinics in the “hungry” 90s and the “well-fed” 2000s:
Number of schools in Russia:
1991 - 69 700
2000 - 68 100
2015 - 44 100
Source: Rosstat
Those. in “hungry” times under Yeltsin, 1,600 schools were closed, and in “fed” times under Putin, 15 times more - 24,000 schools. Of these, 19,300 (80%) are in rural areas.
Number of hospitals in Russia:
1990 - 12 800
2000 - 10 700
2013 - 5 900
Source: Rosstat
Those. in “hunger” times, under Yeltsin, 2,100 hospitals were closed, and under Putin, 2.3 times more - 4,800 hospitals.
Number of clinics in Russia:
1990 - 21 500
2000 - 21 300
2013 - 16 500
Source: Rosstat
Those. under Yeltsin, 200 (two hundred) clinics were closed, and under Putin, 24 times more - 4800 clinics.
Rural population:
1990 - 38.93 million,
2000 - 39.47 million.
2013 - 37.23 million
Source: Rosstat
Those. under Yeltsin there was an increase of 540,000, and under Putin there was a decrease of 2.2 million. Surely, close a school in a village, close a hospital, and young people will flee to the city
AND THE LEGAL RESULT:
State Duma deputy from the LDPR Igor Drozdov proposed populating “empty Russian villages with hardworking Chinese, North Koreans and Japanese” by adopting a special law for this purpose.
By the way, almost two-thirds of Russian doctors have a salary below 20 thousand rubles. This is according to a survey by the Independent Monitoring Foundation "Health".
According to the results of the monitoring that we conducted last fall, 53% of the 4.6 thousand people surveyed said that they received no more than 20 thousand rubles per month. In our new survey, 48.5% of respondents answered that their income was also less than 20 thousand rubles. If we take the salary without taking into account part-time work, at one rate, then beyond the line “less than 20 thousand.” 63% of health workers are located,” said
