How many seas wash the territory of the Russian Federation? Seas of Russia

Despite the large area of ​​Russia, it is washed by only 13 seas, 12 of which belong to three oceans (Pacific, Arctic, Atlantic) and one sea-lake belonging to the internal endorheic basin of Eurasia. The seas are located on four lithospheric plates (Eurasian, North American, Sea of ​​Okhotsk and Amur).

All seas are distinguished by a number of natural characteristics, such as: origin, geological structure, topography and shape of the bottom, depth of sea basins, temperature, etc.

Seas of the Arctic Ocean

The largest group of seas that wash Russia belongs to the Arctic Ocean. This group includes the seas: Kara, Laptev, East Siberian, Barents, Chukchi and White.

They wash Russia from the north. It is noteworthy that only the White Sea is inland, all other seas are continental-marginal. Between the seas of the Arctic Ocean, the boundaries are marked by islands and archipelagos (Franz Josef Land, Severnaya Zemlya, Novaya Zemlya, Spitsbergen, etc.), and where the border is not clearly visible, it is drawn mentally. The total area of ​​these seas reaches 4.5 million km^2, and the average depth is only 185 meters.

Since all these seas are on the continental shelf, they are all shallow. The deepest sea is the Laptev Sea. Its northern part occupies the edge of the deep-sea Nansen Basin. The depth of the sea in this place reaches 3385 meters. Thanks to this, the average depth of the Laptev Sea reaches 533 meters.

In winter, its temperature ranges from -0.8°C to +1.7°C, and in summer from +0.8°C to +10°C. The second place of honor is occupied by the Barents Sea, the maximum depth of which reaches 600 meters, and the average depth is only 222 meters. The Kara Sea took third place.

Although its maximum depth is greater than the Barents Sea and reaches 620 meters, its average depth barely reaches 111 meters, which is 2 times less than that of the Barents Sea. The last 3 places in depth are occupied by: Beloe (maximum depth - 350 meters, average depth - 67 meters), Chukotskoye (maximum depth - 160 meters, average - 71 meters) and East Siberian (maximum depth - 155 meters, average - 54 meters ) sea.

Pacific Seas

The three seas of the Pacific Ocean, which wash Russia from the east, are the largest and deepest. Their average depth reaches 1354 meters, which is 7 times greater than the average depth of the seas of the Arctic Ocean. This group includes the seas: Bering, Okhotsk and Japan.

These seas are separated from each other by the Kamchatka Peninsula and Sakhalin Island. The eastern part of the Kamchatka Peninsula is washed directly by the waters of the Pacific Ocean. It can also be noted that these seas are the boundary between the largest continent and the ocean of the planet.

The deepest sea of ​​the entire group is the Bering Sea. Its maximum depth reaches 4151 meters, and the average depth is 1640 meters. In winter, its temperature ranges from -1.5°C to +3°C, and in summer - from +4°C to +11°C. This sea is mixed, continental-marginal type.

The Sea of ​​Japan is in the middle, with a maximum depth of 3699 meters and an average depth of 1535 meters. In winter, the temperature of this sea ranges from 0 to +4°C, in summer - from +18 to +25°C. In last place is the Sea of ​​Okhotsk. Its maximum depth is 3521 meters, and the average is only 821 meters. In winter its temperature ranges from -1.5 to +1.8°C, and in summer 6-7°C.

Seas of the Atlantic Ocean

This group includes three seas: the Black, Baltic and Azov. They reach deep into the continent and wash small areas of it, and their connection with the ocean passes through numerous straits. All these seas are inland.

The Black Sea is the warmest of the seas washing the shores of our Motherland. Its temperature in winter is from 0 to 7°C, and in summer 25-26°C, its maximum depth reaches 2210 meters, and the average depth is 1315 meters. It lies in a tectonic depression, which is bordered by the continental slope. Communication with the ocean is through the seas: Marmara, Aegean, Mediterranean and the straits: Bosphorus, Dardanelles, Gibraltar.

The Baltic Sea is the westernmost of the seas bordering Russia. Its maximum depth is very small and reaches only 470 meters, and its average depth is 51 meters. In winter, its temperature fluctuates around -1°C, and in summer - from +17 to +17°C. The Baltic Sea is located in a tectonic trough at the junction of the Baltic Shield and the Russian Plate. It is connected to the Atlantic Ocean through the shallow Danish Straits and the North Sea.

The Sea of ​​Azov is the smallest and shallowest sea on the planet. Its maximum depth is only 13 meters, and the average is 7 meters. An inland shelf sea, the connection with the ocean is carried out through the Black Sea, into which it flows through the shallow Kerch Strait. Its depth increases slowly and smoothly as it moves away from the coast. In winter, the temperature fluctuates around 0°C, and in summer it reaches +23-24°C.

Caspian sea-lake

A sea that has repeatedly lost and restored its connection with the World Ocean. The most recent transformation of the Caspian Sea ended with the fact that, as a result of uplifts in the area of ​​the Kuma-Mychin depression, it was finally isolated and became completely part of the drainless Eurasian basin.

Its area reaches 371 thousand km^2, and its depth reaches 1025 meters. At the moment, the Caspian Sea is the largest closed sea. Sea temperature in winter ranges from 0 to +10°C, and in summer - +24 - +28°C. Its hydrological regime and organic world depend on nature and its changes within the sea basin itself, in particular the Volga basin, located entirely within our Motherland.

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The territory of the Russian Federation is washed by three oceans. All the seas of Russia, the list of which is given in the text of the article, are interesting and special in their own way. All of them are unique and original.

Seas of Russia: list

The largest country on the planet is connected to three oceans through 12 seas, both internal and peripheral. One sea in Russia does not have a direct connection with the World Ocean (except for the connection through it - this is the Caspian Sea, which is drainless.

Total - 13 seas.

Atlantic seas

The seas from the Atlantic basin beat against the western shores of Russia. In the north it is the Baltic Sea, in the south it is the Azov and Black Sea.

They are united by the following features:

• they are all internal, that is, deeply continental;
• all of them are the final seas of the Atlantic, that is, to the east of them there are either waters of another ocean or land.

The Russian coastline along the Atlantic seas is about 900 km. The Baltic Sea touches the Leningrad and Kaliningrad regions. The Black and Azov seas wash the shores of the Rostov region, Krasnodar region and Crimea.

Seas of the Arctic Ocean

Some seas of Russia (the list is given above) belong to the Arctic Ocean basin. There are six of them: five of them are outlying (Chukotskoye, Karaskoye, Laptev, East Siberian, Barentsevo) and one is internal (Beloye).

Almost all of them are covered with ice all year round. Thanks to the Atlantic Current, the southwest of the Barents Sea. The waters of the Arctic Ocean reach the territory of such Russian regions as the Murmansk region, the Arkhangelsk region, the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the Taimyr Autonomous Okrug, the Republic of Sakha, and the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug.

Pacific Seas

The list of seas washing the coast of Russia from the east and belonging to the Pacific Ocean is given below:

• Beringovo;
• Japanese;
• Okhotsk.

These seas are adjacent to the territories of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, the Magadan Region, the Kamchatka Region, the Khabarovsk Territory, the Sakhalin Region, and the Primorsky Territory.

Warm seas

Half of the Russian seas are covered with ice all year round. There are seas that are partially covered with ice for a certain period of time. The warm seas of Russia, the list of which is given below, do not freeze throughout the year. So, the warm seas of Russia include:

Seas of Russia: list of unique seas

All geographical objects of the Earth are special and interesting in their own way. There are objects that are unique and inimitable. Of course, this is Lake Baikal, the Volga, Kamchatka geysers, the Kuril Islands and much more. The seas of Russia are also exceptional, a list of which is given below. The table shows the characteristics of some Russian seas from the point of view of their uniqueness.

We hope that the article was interesting and useful.

Russia is distinguished by an abundance of natural waters, a well-developed river network belonging to the basins of the Arctic, Pacific and Atlantic oceans, and a unique water coast with a length of about 60 thousand kilometers. However, the richest water resources are extremely unevenly distributed throughout the country. The largest number of rivers flows in the northern and mountainous regions, the smallest in the southern ones.

Arctic Ocean

Pacific Ocean

Atlantic Ocean

The Volga and Ural rivers, which carry their waters to the Caspian Sea, belong to the internal drainage basin.

Seas

SEA OF LYON

SEA OF OKHOTSK

BERING SEA

WHITE SEA

BARENTS SEA

KARA SEA

SEA OF LAPTEV

EAST SIBERIAN SEA

CHUKOTKA SEA

BALTIC SEA

SEA OF AZOV

BLACK SEA

CASPIAN SEA

This is a unique natural reservoir and the world's largest closed sea-lake, which has no connection with the World Ocean. The level of the Caspian Sea is 28 m below the level of the World Ocean. The water area exceeds 360 thousand km 2, the volume of water is 78.1 thousand km 3 - this is 44% of the total reserves of lake water on the globe. The territory of Russia includes the western regions of the Northern and Middle Caspian Sea. The length of the coastline is 695 km. The main part of the river flow (up to 80%) comes from the Volga. In total, more than 130 rivers flow into the Caspian Sea; in an average year in terms of water content, they bring more than 260 km 3 of fresh water. The area of ​​the Caspian Sea drainage basin is 10 times larger than its water area, therefore changes occurring in the drainage basin significantly affect the Caspian ecosystem.

One of the main features of the hydrological regime of the Caspian Sea is the variability of surface levels. In the secular dynamics of levels, cyclical fluctuations of various durations are distinguished. Over the past 150 years, the position of the average annual level has changed within 3 m. Intra-annual fluctuations, depending on seasonal changes in runoff, amounted to 25-50 cm. A sharp drop in the level of the Caspian Sea, by 1.8 m, occurred in 1933-1940. This was due to a number of natural and anthropogenic reasons: for eight years in a row there was extremely little precipitation, which led to exceptionally low water, in turn, the intensive development of irrigation and municipal water consumption, and the construction of reservoirs greatly reduced the river inflow. Thus, the unique sturgeon economy of the sea was under threat. However, at the end of the 70s, a turning point came - the level of the Caspian Sea began to rise and continues to rise to this day: over the past 16 years it has risen by 2.1 m. This has given rise to new problems associated with flooding and flooding of the coastal zone, additional pollution sea ​​waters with harmful substances coming from the catchment area.

In quantitative terms, Russia's water resources are composed of static (centuries-old) reserves and annually renewable ones. The former are conditionally considered unchanged and constant over recent times, renewable water resources are estimated by the volume of annual river flow.

Russia, with an area of ​​17.12 million km², is washed by the waters of one internal Caspian Sea and 14 external seas, of which 7 seas belong to the Arctic basin, 4 to the Pacific Ocean, and 3 to the Atlantic.

Seas washing Russia

The Caspian Sea (area - 371 thousand km²) is located at the junction of Europe and Asia; the waters of the Russian Federation include the Middle and Northern Caspian Sea, the coastline stretches for 695 km. Most of the river flow (up to 80%) belongs to the Volga; the Ural, Terek, Sulak, and Samur rivers also flow here. The internal closed sea-lake Caspian is the largest closed reservoir in the world; on the Russian coast there are Lagan, Makhachkala, Kaspiysk, Izberbash, Dagestan Lights and the southernmost city of Russia Derbent...

Seas of the Atlantic Ocean

The seas of the Atlantic Ocean basin washing the territory of Russia include the Baltic Sea, the Black Sea and the Azov Sea.

The Baltic Sea is an inland sea, deeply cut into the northwestern part of the Eurasian continent and washing the northwestern part of Russia, its area is 415 thousand km². The Russian waters of the Baltic Sea are some areas in its eastern part: the Kaliningrad Bay, separated from the sea by the Baltic Spit, part of the Curonian Lagoon (Kaliningrad region of the Russian Federation), the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland in the territory of the Leningrad region and its capital St. Petersburg. The Neva River, flowing from Lake Ladoga, flows into the sea, bringing most of the flow during the year. The largest port is Kronstadt on the island of Kotlin in the Gulf of Finland...

The Black Sea, with an area of ​​422 thousand km², is an inland sea located in the depths of the Eurasian continent, washing the coast of the Krasnodar Territory of the Russian Federation, located in the south of the European part of Russia (the coastline from the Kerch Strait between the Black and Azov Seas to the mouth of the Psou River is 400 km) and the Crimean Peninsula (coastline length - 750 km). The Krasnodar line of the Black Sea coast is divided into the Kerechen-Taman and Western Caucasus regions. In the northwestern part of the Black Sea on the territory of Crimea there are large bays - Karkinitsky, Kalamitsky, Feodosiysky. One of the large rivers that flows into the Black Sea is the Dnieper, major seaports are Novorossiysk, Sevastopol, Anapa, Tuapse...

The Sea of ​​Azov is the shallowest and smallest inland sea in the world with an area of ​​37.8 thousand km², located in the southern part of the Russian Plain, washing the south-eastern part of the Rostov region and the Krasnodar Territory. Such large rivers as the Don and Kuban flow into it, and small ones - the Mius and Eya. Large bays are Taganrogsky, Miussky in the northeast, Yasensky Bay in the east, Beysugsky estuary, Akhtarsky estuary, Temryuksky in the south. Large seaports are Taganrog (Rostov region, Taganrog Bay), Yeysk (Krasnodar Territory). The coasts of the southern seas are important areas for recreation, industrial fishing and sea routes...

Seas of the Arctic Ocean

The seas of the Arctic Ocean are the Barents, Pechora, White, Kara, Laptev Sea, East Siberian and Chukotka.

The Barents Sea (S - 1405 thousand km²), washes the northern coast of the Russian Federation, the Spitsbergen archipelago, the islands of Frank Joseph Land and Novaya Zemlya. A port city of great strategic importance for Russia is Murmansk. The largest bays are Varyazhsky, Motovsky and Kola, smaller ones are Cheshskaya Bay, Pechora Bay, Khaypudyrskaya Bay. The Pechora and Indiga rivers flow into...

The Pechora Sea is the southwestern part of the Barents Sea with an area of ​​81.2 thousand km², located between the islands of Kolguev and Vaygach (Nenets Autonomous Okrug). Its borders run along a line from Cape Kostin Nos on the Novaya Zemlya archipelago, further along the eastern part of Kolguev Island, further along Cape Svyatoy Nos along the Timan coast of continental Russia to the Yugorsky Peninsula and Vaigaya Island. The sea is named after the Pechora, the deepest river flowing into it. The largest bays (or lips) in its area are Pechora and Khaypudyrskaya...

The White Sea washes the north of the Russian Federation, its area is small - 90 thousand km² (this is 1/16 of the area of ​​the Barents Sea), it stretches from west to east at a distance of 600 km. The following rivers flow into the sea: Onega, Kem, Northern Dvina, the port cities of the White Sea - Arkhangelsk, Belomorsk, Onega, Severodvinsk...

The marginal Kara Sea, with an area of ​​880 thousand km², lies between the islands of Franz Josef Land, Novaya Zemlya, Vaygach and Heiberg, and the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago. This is the coldest sea in Russia, positive indicators occur only at the mouths of inflowing rivers (these are the Yenisei, Ob), most of the year the surface of the sea is covered with ice. The largest bays are the Gulf of Ob, the Yenisei Gulf...

The Laptev Sea is a marginal sea of ​​the Arctic Ocean, from the south it is limited by the northern coast of Siberia and the Taimyr Peninsula, from the west by the island of Novaya Zemlya, from the east by the New Siberian Islands. Area - 700 thousand km², the sea is covered with ice, the largest flowing rivers are Lena, Yana, Khatanga, Anabar, Olenek. There are many bays and bays, a large port city - Tiksi...

The East Siberian Sea is located between the New Siberian Islands and Wrangel Island, mostly covered with ice, area - 944.6 thousand km², flowing rivers - Indigirka, Kolyma, Alazeya. The Chaunskaya Bay, Omulyakhskaya Bay, Khromskaya Bay, Kolyma Bay, and Kolyma Bay cut into the mainland. The largest port is Pevek, a city in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug of the Russian Federation...

The marginal Chukchi Sea, located between Chukotka and Alaska, is connected by the Long Strait to the East Siberian Sea, Cape Barrow to the Beaufort Sea, and the Bering Strait to the Pacific Ocean. The area is 585 thousand km², almost always covered with ice. Very few rivers flow in, the largest being Amguema and Noatak. The largest islands are Wrangel, Kolyuchin and Herald, the largest settlement is Uelen, 632 people live here, engaged in reindeer herding, fishing and sea-hunting...

Pacific Seas

The seas of the Pacific Ocean washing the northeast of Russia include the Bering, Okhotsk, Shantar and Japanese.

The northern part of the Pacific Ocean is occupied by the Bering Sea (area 2292 thousand km2), separated from it by the Aleutian and Commander Islands. In its northwest lie the shores of Northern Kamchatka, the Koryak Highlands and the Chukotka Peninsula, in the northeast are the shores of Western Alaska. The coast is heavily indented, there are many bays and bays: Anadyrsky, Karaginsky, Korfa, Kresta. Russian island territories washed by the Bering Sea are the Diomede Islands (Chukchi Autonomous Okrug), the Commander Islands and Karaginsky Island (Kamchatka). The largest river flowing into this sea is Anadyr...

The Inland Sea of ​​Okhotsk (its area is 1,603 thousand km²) is located in the northwestern part of the Pacific Ocean, its borders are outlined by the Kuril Islands and the Kamchatka Peninsula. The largest flowing rivers are the Amur, Okhota and Kukhtui; most of the year the sea is covered with ice. The western part of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk washes the shores of the Russian Far East (Khabarovsk Territory, Magadan Region), the coast of Sakhalin Island, the northern - the coast of the Koryak Autonomous Okrug, the eastern - the shores of the Kamchatka region and the chain of the Kuril Islands. The main port is Magadan, the mainland coast is Okhotsk, the Sakhalin Islands are Korsakov, the Kuril Islands are North Kuril...

The Shantar Sea is an inland sea on the eastern coast of Russia; it represents the northwestern waters of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk. The north and east of the sea are separated from the main waters of Okhotsk by the Shantar Islands (Big and Small), the south by the Tugur Bay, the west by the Uda Bay...

The Sea of ​​Japan (S - 1062 thousand km²) is a marginal sea of ​​the Pacific Ocean, located between Eurasia and the Korean Peninsula, it is limited by the Japanese islands and Sakhalin. The Russian coast of the Sea of ​​Japan is the Primorsky Territory, the southeast of the Khabarovsk Territory and the southwest of Sakhalin. The coastline stretches from west to east at a distance of 3900 m. Large Russian ports are Vladivostok, Nakhodka, Vostochny, Aleksandrovsk-Sakhalinsky, Sovetskaya Gavan, Vanino...

Russia owns huge reserves, which are distributed unevenly over the area. Most of them are concentrated in the north, a smaller part in the south. The country has the longest coastline in the world, the total length of which is about 61 thousand km. In addition to the oceans and seas, there are more than two million rivers and the same number. All water resources are actively used in the economic activities of the state. In total, Russia is washed by 13 seas, 1 of which is closed, and the remaining 12 belong to the basins of the Atlantic, Arctic and Pacific oceans. This article provides a list and brief description of all the seas and oceans washing the territory of the Russian Federation.

Atlantic Ocean

The seas of the Atlantic Ocean wash the western coast of the state. These include the Azov, Black and Baltic seas. The length of the coastline is about 1845 km. The largest rivers flowing into these seas are Luga, Neva, Don, Matsesta and Ashe.

Arctic Ocean

The Arctic Ocean and the seas of its basin wash the northern part of Russia. The total length of the coastline is 39,940 km. The Arctic Ocean basin includes the Chukchi, Kara, East Siberian, White, Barents Seas, as well as the Laptev Sea. , flowing into the Arctic Ocean include the Lena, Yenisei, Ob, Northern Dvina and Pechora.

Pacific Ocean

The waters of the Pacific Ocean wash the territory of Russia from the east. The length of the coastline is 17,740 km. The Sea of ​​Japan, Okhotsk and Bering Seas are located on the Asian coast of the country. The Amur and Anadyr are the largest rivers in the Pacific basin.

Map of the seas and oceans that wash the territory of Russia

As can be seen on the map above, the country's shores are washed by twelve seas. Another, the Caspian Sea, has an internal closed basin and is the largest enclosed body of water in the world. The seas of Russia differ in origin, temperature, maximum depth, bottom topography, degree of salinity and diversity of flora and fauna.

The seas of the Atlantic Ocean that wash Russia:

Sea of ​​Azov

An inland sea in southwest Russia that is the shallowest in the world. The Sea of ​​Azov can be considered a gulf of the Black Sea. The length from north to south is 231 km, and the maximum depth is up to 14 m. The reservoir freezes in winter, and warms up well in summer. Thanks to the predominantly positive temperatures, life is actively developing in the waters. 80 species of fish, including commercial ones, live here.

Black Sea

The waters of the Black Sea wash the southwestern borders of the country. Its length from north to south is 580 km. The maximum depth exceeds 2 thousand m. Most of the cyclones that occur throughout the year originate over the Atlantic. Numerous rivers significantly desalinate the coastal waters of the sea. Due to the high content of hydrogen sulfide in the water, the bottom part is uninhabited. At shallow depths, both Mediterranean and freshwater fish species are found: anchovy, horse mackerel, tuna, stingray, bream, pike perch, and ram.

Baltic Sea

The reservoir, located in the north-west of Russia, is 660 km long. It is an inland sea. The maximum depth of the Baltic Sea is 470 m. Cyclones that form near the Atlantic bring frequent rain and wind to the Baltic. Due to the abundance of precipitation, the water in the sea is slightly salty, so there is little plankton in it. Fish include smelt, herring, Baltic sprat, whitefish and many others.

The seas of the Arctic Ocean that wash Russia:

Barents Sea

Sea waters wash part of the northern coast of the country. The length of the coastline is 6645 km. The maximum depth exceeds 590 m. The North Atlantic Current and Arctic air radically influence climatic conditions. Summer temperatures do not rise above +10ºС. In the northwestern part the ice does not melt all year round. The waters are rich in plankton. More than a hundred species of fish live here, some of them commercial, for example, halibut, haddock, and catfish. represented by seals, bears and beluga whales. Various bird species such as gulls, guillemots and guillemots have settled on the coastal rocky cliffs.

White Sea

An inland sea washing the northern part of the state. The length exceeds 600 km, the maximum depth is 343 m. The White Sea is slightly larger than the Sea of ​​​​Azov. Winter is long and harsh, and summer is humid and cool. Cyclones dominate over the reservoir. The water is slightly salty on the surface. The world of zooplankton and phytoplankton is not very developed. There are about fifty species of fish, which is significantly less than in neighboring seas. This is due to the harsh climate and low salinity. Cod, smelt, Chinook salmon, pollock, and salmon are of great commercial importance. The fauna is represented by sea hares and beluga whales.

Kara Sea

The waters wash the islands and archipelagos of northern Russia. The length of the coastline is 1500 km, the maximum depth is 620 m. The average water temperature does not exceed 0°C. Throughout the year, a significant part of the sea surface is covered with ice. Salt water at river mouths becomes almost fresh. According to recent studies, there are oil and gas deposits on the shelves. Brown and red algae grow well in the sea. Fish resources are rich in navaga, flounder, chinook salmon, nelma and smelt. There are: sei whale and fin whale.

Laptev Sea

A marginal reservoir of the Arctic Ocean, 1300 km long. The maximum depth is 3385 m. The sea is located near the Arctic Circle, which significantly affects the climate. Winter temperatures average -26°C. The region is affected by cyclones, bringing with them blizzards and winds. In summer the air warms up to +1ºС. Melting ice and runoff from Siberian rivers dilute the salt water of the sea. The flora is represented by a variety of algae and plankton. Near the coastal strip you can find sea urchins and. Large freshwater fish emerge from river mouths to feed. The fishery is not developed, since the sea is covered with ice most of the time. Among the mammals, beluga whales, walruses and seals do well.

East Siberian Sea

The sea of ​​the Arctic Ocean basin adjacent to the northern coast of Russia. The length of the coastline exceeds 3000 km, the greatest depth is about 900 m. The average air temperature in winter is -28°C. The reason for such low temperatures is the cold winds carrying air masses from Siberia. Summer air temperatures rise to +2ºС on average. The fauna is scarce due to the harsh climate. The ichthyofauna of the coastal zone includes whitefish and sturgeon. Large mammals include beluga whales, walruses, and polar bears.

Chukchi Sea

A marginal reservoir in the north of the country. The greatest depth is 1256 m. Throughout the year, the sea receives little sunlight. A sharp drop in temperature begins in the fall. Winter is characterized by strong winds and an average temperature of -28°C. Cover the reservoir with ice all year round. Grayling, char and cod are found in the Chukchi Sea. Phytoplankton serves as food for cetaceans. Polar bears live on drifting ice floes, forming an entire population.

The Pacific seas that wash Russia:

Bering Sea

The reservoir in the northeastern part of the Pacific coast has a coastline length of 13,340 km, a maximum depth of 4,151 m. There are numerous islands near the coast. In winter, the average air temperature does not rise above -23ºС. Summer temperatures average +10ºС. The Bering Sea is covered with ice almost all year round. The coast is indented with capes, bays and spits. The high banks are favored by seagulls, puffins, and guillemots. The aquatic world is famous for its diversity of salmon and flounder. The gently sloping shores have become home to walruses, sea otters and polar bears.

Sea of ​​Japan

The waters of the Sea of ​​Japan wash the eastern coast of Russia. The length of the coastline is 3240 km, the maximum depth is 3742 m. The location in temperate latitudes affects the local climate. In winter, northwest winds blow over the surface. Typhoons often occur at this time. The influx of river water is insignificant. The coast is home to starfish of all sizes and colors, urchins, shrimp and sea cucumbers. The fishery covers cod, flounder, pollock and herring. After a storm, you can see relatively safe jellyfish on the shore.

Sea of ​​Okhotsk

A semi-enclosed body of water washing the south-eastern coast of the country. The maximum depth is 3916 m. The monsoon climate prevails on the coast. January temperatures drop to -25°C. The summer maximum is +18°C. The coastal zone is home to crabs, mussels and starfish. Mammals include killer whales, seals and fur seals. In the open sea, flounder, capelin, coho salmon and pink salmon are caught.

Closed seas that wash Russia:

Caspian Sea

The only endorheic sea in the southwest of Russia. The length of the coastline is 1460 km, the maximum depth is 1025 m. Based on some signs, the Caspian Sea should be called a lake. But the salinity of the water, its size and hydrological regime indicate that it is a sea. There are many islands along the coast. The waters of the Caspian Sea are unstable, they rise and fall. Winter temperatures average -1°C, and by mid-summer they rise to +25°C. More than a hundred rivers flow into the Caspian Sea, the largest of which is the Volga. In winter, the northern part of the sea freezes. The flora and fauna are unique. Only endemic species live here, species that live only in the Caspian Sea. Near the coast you can find goby, herring, sturgeon, white fish, shrimp, pike perch and beluga. A unique mammal is the Caspian seal, the smallest representative of its family.

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