And here is another article from the “Grammar for Beginners” series. We have already published four articles and received hundreds of grateful reviews from our readers. Let us remind you: in this series of articles we explain grammar in accessible words without complex terms, so that beginners learning the language from scratch or people who do not remember the basics of English well can understand the grammar and apply it in practice.

Demonstrative pronouns this, that, these, those

Demonstrative pronouns in English indicate an object, person, animal. In the singular we use the pronoun this (this, this, this) and that (that, that, then), in the plural - these (these) and those (those).

This and these	That and those
are near us. In some cases, such phrases will contain the word here, which will indicate to you the proximity of the object. Look at this book here. - Look at this book. (which means the book is lying next to us) These shoes are too small. - These the shoes are too small. (you try on the shoes and tell the seller that they are small)	1. We talk about objects and people that are far from us. In some cases, such phrases will contain the words over there (there, over there), which will indicate to you the distant location of the object. That book over there belongs to me. - Ta the book belongs to me. (the book is at the other end of the room, and you show the person that that book over there is yours) Those shoes look fantastic! - Those the shoes look fantastic! (the shoes are on the shelf farthest from you)
2. Talk about something happening at the moment of speaking or close to the moment of speaking. This girl is charming. - This the girl is charming. (we are looking at the girl at the moment) These hamburgers are tasty. - This delicious hamburgers. (referring to the hamburgers we are eating at the moment)	2. Talk about the event in the past tense, that is, distant from the moment of speech. That girl I met last week was charming. - Ta the girl I met last week was charming. (action happened in the past) Those hamburgers we ate yesterday were tasty. - Those The burgers we ate yesterday were delicious. (we are talking about the past - a distant point in time)
3. When we introduce ourselves(in a telephone conversation) or introducing a person / several people. Hello, this is John! - Hello, This John! (we call and introduce ourselves) These are my colleagues, Tom and Jerry. - This my colleagues, Tom and Jerry.	3. When you ask the person to introduce himself person you are talking to on the phone (person is far from you). Hello, is that Sally? - Hello, This Sally?

This and these

That and those

are near us. In some cases, such phrases will contain the word here, which will indicate to you the proximity of the object.

Look at this book here. - Look at this book. (which means the book is lying next to us)

These shoes are too small. - These the shoes are too small. (you try on the shoes and tell the seller that they are small)

1. We talk about objects and people that are far from us. In some cases, such phrases will contain the words over there (there, over there), which will indicate to you the distant location of the object.

That book over there belongs to me. - Ta the book belongs to me. (the book is at the other end of the room, and you show the person that that book over there is yours)

Those shoes look fantastic! - Those the shoes look fantastic! (the shoes are on the shelf farthest from you)

2. Talk about something happening at the moment of speaking or close to the moment of speaking.

This girl is charming. - This the girl is charming. (we are looking at the girl at the moment)

These hamburgers are tasty. - This delicious hamburgers. (referring to the hamburgers we are eating at the moment)

2. Talk about the event in the past tense, that is, distant from the moment of speech.

That girl I met last week was charming. - Ta the girl I met last week was charming. (action happened in the past)

Those hamburgers we ate yesterday were tasty. - Those The burgers we ate yesterday were delicious. (we are talking about the past - a distant point in time)

3. When we introduce ourselves(in a telephone conversation) or introducing a person / several people.

Hello, this is John! - Hello, This John! (we call and introduce ourselves)

These are my colleagues, Tom and Jerry. - This my colleagues, Tom and Jerry.

3. When you ask the person to introduce himself person you are talking to on the phone (person is far from you).

Hello, is that Sally? - Hello, This Sally?

An interesting point: the pronouns this and it are very similar, we can say both This is a dog and It is a dog. What is the difference between them?

This is a dog. - THIS is a dog. (emphasis on the first word: we want to say that this particular animal, and not some other animal, is a dog)

A cat and a dog stand in front of us. Your friend points to the cat and claims that it is a dog. You point at the dog and say: This is a dog.

It is a dog. - This is a DOG. (emphasis on the second word: we want to emphasize that this animal is a dog, not a cat)

Your friend points to your dog and says it's a cat. In this case, you will tell him: It’s a dog (This is a DOG).

Do you understand the difference between these pronouns? Then take our test.

Test for knowledge of demonstrative pronouns this, that, these, those

Using few, a few, little, a little, a lot of, plenty

In the third part of our “Grammar for Beginners” we have already learned five words to denote the quantity of something: many, much, some, any and no. Now let's see what other expressions are used to indicate the number of countable (that can be counted) and uncountable (that cannot be counted) nouns. For convenience, we present everything in a table.

Countable nouns	Uncountable nouns	Translation	Example
a lot of, plenty of		a lot, a lot	I have a lot of so many books. I put plenty of so many milk in your coffee.
many	much	a lot (many in all types of sentences, much mainly in negative and interrogative sentences)	Do you have many books. - At your place many books? Do you put much milk in my coffee? - You many poured milk into my coffee?
some		a few, a little (in affirmative sentences)	I have some books. - I have some books. I put some milk in my coffee. - I poured A little milk in your coffee.
any		a few, a little (in interrogative and negative sentences)	Do you have any books? - Do you have A little books? Did you put any milk in my coffee? - You poured A little milk in my coffee?
a few	a little	little but enough	I have a few books in my library. - In my library A little books. (this number of books is enough for me) I put a little milk in my coffee. - I poured A little milk in your coffee. (that's enough)
few	little	little and not enough	I have few books in my library. - In my library few books. (so little that it is not enough, a lack is felt) I put little milk in my coffee. - I poured few milk in your coffee. (I would like more, I feel a lack)
no		there is none, there is none	I have no books in my library. - In my library there is none books. There is no milk in my coffee. - In my coffee there is no milk.

We would like to explain in a little more detail the difference between the words a few (a little) and few (little). The first of them (a few and a little) are used if you don’t have enough of something, but this amount is still enough for you, you don’t experience a shortage. While we use few and little, when you have little of something and this quantity is not enough for you, you do not have enough of it.

Features of using some, any, no

We found out how to indicate quantity using the words some, any, no. As you noticed, indefinite pronouns in English always come before the noun and, in fact, replace the article. Let's look at examples of how this happens:

There is a book in the box. = There is some book in the box. - In a box some kind book.
Pass me a cup, please. = Pass me any cup, please. - Tell me any cup please.

Now let's see how the words some, any, no can be translated and in what sentences they can be used.

Some - several, a little/a certain amount. Used mainly in affirmative sentences and not used in negative ones.
There are some books in the box. - In a box some books.
Some can also be used in questions when we politely offer or ask something to a person and usually expect an affirmative answer.
Would you like some cookies? - You don't want to A little cookies?
Can I have some tea, please? - Can I have some tea, please?
Any - any (any), no/no/none, some. Any is used in negative sentences instead of some, as well as in questions.
Do you know any lawyers in Moscow? - You know any lawyers in Moscow?
She didn't buy any cups. - She didn't buy it no cups.
Are there any difficulties with translation? - Some difficulties with translation?
No - no (none), no (none), no (none). Always used only in negative sentences.
They have no food in the fridge. - They have No (no) food in the refrigerator.
There are no coats in my wardrobe. - In my closet No coat.

Please note: if the sentence contains no, we no longer need to add the negative particle not, it already means “there is no/any/any”. No can be easily replaced by any, the meaning of the sentence will not change, but in this case you also need to add the negation not: not any. In addition, instead of not, you can use the adverb never, which has a negative connotation.

There are no cats in my kitchen. = There are not any cats in my kitchen. - In my kitchen there are no cats
I never see any dogs here. - I never haven't seen it here no dogs.

Take our test and check how well you understand the use of the words some, any, no, as well as others denoting the amount of something.

Test for the use of the words some, any, no, as well as others denoting the amount of something

Indefinite pronouns with some-, any-, no- and every-

So, you already know how to use the pronouns some, any and no. And now we will tell you what other pronouns can be formed from these words:

	Talking about people + one/body	We talk about place + where	Talking about things + thing
some-	someone/somebody - somebody, somebody	somewhere - somewhere, somewhere	something - anything, something
every-	everyone/everybody - everyone, everyone	everywhere - everywhere	everything - everything
any-	anyone/anybody - anyone, anyone, no one (in negatives)	anywhere - somewhere, anywhere, nowhere (in negatives)	anything - anything, anything, nothing (in negatives)
no-	no one / nobody - no one	nowhere - nowhere	nothing - nothing

Please note: someone, everyone and anyone are considered slightly more formal than somebody, everybody and anybody. So it is preferable to use the former in formal speech, in writing, and the latter in ordinary conversation. In addition, all these pronouns are always followed by the singular verb everybody knows, someone helps, etc.

Let's now figure out which sentences use all of the above words:

Affirmative sentences: all pronouns.
Somebody/someone closed the door. - Someone closed the door.
Love is everywhere. - Love everywhere.
No one / nobody is looking for you. - Nobody is not looking for you.
However, words that begin with any- have a peculiarity: in statements they are used only in the meaning of “anyone”, “anywhere” and “anything”. In other cases, they are replaced by pronouns that begin with some-.
You can invite anyone/anybody you want. - You can invite whom whatever.
Anybody Somebody broke this vase. - Someone broke this vase.
Negative sentences: words starting with any-.
I don't know anybody. - I no one Don't know. (can be translated into an affirmative sentence using a word with no)
She didn't say anything about him. - She didn't say Nothing about him.
I can't find this book anywhere. - I can't nowhere find this book.
An interesting detail: all of these sentences can be made affirmative, while maintaining a hint of negation, using words starting with no:
I don't know anybody. = I know nobody. - I no one Don't know.
She didn't say anything about him. = She said nothing about him. - She didn't say Nothing about him.
I can't find this book anywhere. = I can find this book nowhere. - I can't nowhere find this book.
Interrogative sentences: words starting with some-, every- and any-.
Can somebody/someone help her? - Anyone can you help her?
Is everyone/everybody here? - All Here?
Can anyone close the door? - Anyone can you close the door?

Not an easy topic, isn't it? Before taking the test, let's take a little rest and watch the video of the singer Adele “Someone like you”, in which she uses indefinite pronouns. In the spoiler you will find the lyrics of the song, you can look there while listening to the video.

Now let's test your understanding of this topic.

Test for the use of indefinite pronouns with some-, any-, no- and every-

In this article we talked about quite difficult and very important topics in English grammar for beginners. Study them thoroughly, and in the meantime we will prepare for you the next part of the article in this series. We wish you success!

Lesson plan for English in _______ class.

Lesson topic: Some, any, much, many, few, little- what and when to use?.

Goals and objectives

Practical:

– to promote UUD skills in developing the ability to solve communicative problems with varying degrees of complexity.

Educational:

– activate and improve students’ current vocabulary. Introduce new grammatical material:Some, any, much, many, few, little- what and when to use?

Educational:

– develop perseverance and the ability to overcome difficulties to achieve the intended goal;

– activate the cognitive initiative of students and form their social competence.

Educational:

– to promote the establishment in the child’s mind of stable connections between accumulated and new experiences of cognitive and practical activities;

– form and develop educational and organizational skills (mutual control, independent work, collective activity);

– develop the ability to reflect as the most important component of the ability to learn.

Lesson type: lesson on the integrated application of knowledge using electronic educational resources.

Equipment: notebooks, pens, chalk, blackboard, computer.

Progress of the lesson.

Hello. Glad to see you! How are you?

Answer my questions, please.

1. What date is it today?

2. What day of the week is it today?

3. What is the weather like today?

Good morning, teacher!

Nice to see you too!

I'm fine, thank you!

It's the 14 th of December

It's Monday .

Preparing for the lesson.

I write the number on the board, check the availability of notebooks and books, and take a roll call.

They prepare for the lesson, take out notebooks and pens, and copy the numbers from the board in books.

Checking d\z.

Survey d\z.

I repeat d\z

New topic.

Some, any, much, many, few, little -WhatAndWhenuse?

Some, any, much, many, few, little - These are pronouns indicating a certain amount of something. For some reason, their incorrect use is one of the most common mistakes of people learning English, although the rules are quite simple and short, they will not be difficult to remember.

Some And any translated “a little, several.” They indicate a small amount of something.
- Some used in affirmative sentences:
I have some work for you.
- Some used in statements, sentences, requests:
Give me some milk, please.
ShallIbuysomejuce?
Givemesomewater, please.
- Any used in negative and interrogative sentences, it can be translated “any, some”:
Do you have any questions?
I don't hear any sounds.
Much And many translated as “many” and indicate a large amount of something.
- Much used with nouns that we cannot count:
Much juce, much sugar (we cannot count juice, since it is a liquid, juice can only be counted in glasses; we cannot count sugar either, since no one will count it grain by grain).
- Many used with countable nouns.
Many cookies, many cats, many men.
Few And little means "several".
- Little used with nouns that cannot be counted:
Have a little food.
- Few - with countable nouns:
Few people understand me.

Some, any- ( several, some amount)

used with countable and uncountable nouns,

in this case:

some – used only in affirmative sentences,

any – only in negative and interrogative

A lot of, much, many - ( many)

A lot of – used mainly in affirmative sentences with countable and uncountable nouns,

much – used in negative and interrogative sentences with uncountable nouns,

many – used in negative and interrogative sentences with countable nouns,

much, many can be used in affirmative sentences, but only with intensifying particlestoo, so, very etc. Please note that an uncountable noun with any quantitative pronoun is singular.

There is some milk on the table

There is a lot of milk on the table.

Phonetic exercise.

I ask them riddles.

They solve riddles.

Pinning a new topic...

Test : Exercises " Usemuch, many, a lot of, (a) little, (a) few" (Withanswers)

1. Put “+” when used correctly “much" or "many", put "-" - if incorrect.

We don't have much food in the house.

I can't give you many information about the company.

I need much apples for the pie.

How many people are there in your office?

There is much wine in the

She doesn't have much luggage.

My son earns much money now.

They saw many snow in the mountains.

I have tried diving many times in my life.

John will have many exams next year.

2. Use "much" or "many" for the expression "How much...?".

How...days?

How...sugar?

How... cigarettes?

How... work?

How...petrol?

How...children?

How... theaters?

How...juice?

3. Put "a lot of"(many) in the required place in the sentence. Translate.

We met interesting people at the party.

I ate fish for lunch.

She bought nice shoes for the next summer.

They have problems in their business.

There is water in the bath.

4. Rewrite the questions, replacing some with “a little" or "a few».

Would you like some cheese?

Would you like some mineral water?

Would you like some strawberries?

Can I offer you some black coffee?

Can I offer you some bread?

Shall I bring you some biscuits?

Shall I bring you some plums?

Would you like some meat?

5. Place the appropriate word in brackets.

There is too… (much/many/a few) salt in the soup.(There is too much salt in the soup.)

There are... (much/a little/a few) sky-scrapers in our city.(There are several skyscrapers in our city.)

I’ve got… (much/a few/a little) albums of this singer.(I have several albums by this artist.)

My job allows me to travel…(much/many/a few). (My job allows me to travel a lot.)

We’ve got… (little/many/few) free time.(We don't have much free time.)

I have never seen so … (much/little/many) stars in the sky.(I have never seen so many stars in the sky.)

Anna spent … (much/a few/a little) days in Rome.(Anna spent several days in Rome.)

I’d like just … (much/a few/a little) tea.(I would just like some tea.)

There was very … (little/few/many) rain last autumn.(There was very little rain last fall.)

Very … (few/little/much) Russian tourists are staying at our hotel. (Very few Russians tourists lives V our hotel.)

Answers:

– (We don't have much food in the house.)

– (I can't give you much information about this company.)

– (I need a lot of apples for the pie.)

+ (How many people are in your office?)

+ (There is a lot of wine in the bottle.)

– (She doesn't have much baggage.)

+ (My son earns a lot of money now.)

– (They saw a lot of snow in the mountains.)

+ (I have tried diving many times in my life.)

– (John will have a lot of exams next year.)

How many days? (How many days?)

How much sugar? (How much sugar?)

How many cigarettes? (How many cigarettes?)

How much work? (How much work?)

How much petrol? (How many gasoline?)

How many children? (How many children?)

How many theaters? (How many theaters?)

How much juice? (How much juice?)

We met a lot of interesting people at the party.(We met a lot of interesting people at the party.)

I ate a lot of fish for lunch.(I ate a lot of fish for lunch.)

She bought a lot of nice shoes for the next summer.(She bought a lot of nice shoes for next summer.)

They have a lot of problems in their business.(They have a lot of business problems.)

There is a lot of water in the bath.(There is a lot of water in the bathroom.)

a little (Will you have some cheese?)

a little (Would you like some mineral water?)

a few (Will you have some strawberries?)

a little (Can I offer you some black coffee?)

a little (Can I offer you some bread?)

a few (I'll bring you some cookies?)

a few (I'll bring you some plums?)

a little (Will you have a little meat?)

much

a few

much

little

many

a few

a little

little

few

Perform tests and answer questions.

Reflection.

I ask if the topic was interesting and useful? What new did you learn? Did you understand everything?

Share their impressions on a new topic.

Summing up and d\z.

Giving grades, I write on the board.

They write d\z

Prepared by English teacher: Medzhidova Khadijat N.

In this article we will look at when and how to use pronouns few, a few, little, a little, a lot of, some, any, called with a beautiful word - quantifiers(quantifiers). They often have the same meaning, but their use in English depends on what object they describe - that is, with which noun - countable or uncountable - they are used.

Scheme for using quantifiers:

The details will help you master audio lessons from the LingQ foreign language learning system, which is described in the article. For convenience, Russian translations are given after each English text.

1. Quantifiers little - few

We use " a little» with uncountable nouns, for example:
I have some money. This means: some amount, not very much.
We use " a few» with plural countable nouns, for example:
I know a few words of French. This means: some amount, not very much.
We can use " little" And " few" without " a”, but in this case it means “almost no” or “almost nothing”, for example: We must hurry, we have little time.
His English is very good and he makes few mistakes.
We can also say " very little" or " very few"(very few), for example:
She is very thin because she eats very little.
I made very few mistakes in the test.
And here are more examples using " a little" And " a few«:
I can't buy this coat today: I have very little money.
She left and returned a few minutes later.
There are very few old houses left on our street.
She gave us some water to wash our hands.
They are very poor and have very little money.
I speak good German and also some Spanish.
There were very few people in the park: it was almost empty.
Can I have some milk in my coffee, please?
I hope you think these suggestions will ensure that you make very few mistakes when speaking English.

2. Quantifiers much - many - a lot of

USAGE much, many, a lot of. We use much with uncountable nouns, for example: a lot of time, a lot of coffee, a lot of money, a lot of sugar. We use many with countable nouns, for example: many books, many months, many years, many friends. We use a lot of with both uncountable and countable nouns, for example: a lot of friends, a lot of sugar, a lot of photographs, a lot of time. However, it is important to note that:

1. We use a lot of mostly in positive sentences, for example: I drink a lot of tea. She carries a lot of books.

2. We use much And many mostly in questions and negative sentences, for example: How much money do you have? I don't have much money today. How many mistakes did you make in the test? I didn't make many mistakes, just a few.

3. We can use lots of instead of a lot of before countable nouns, for example: She has many friends.

4. We can use a lot without noun and in this case we use it without the particle of eg: yesterday I ate a lot.

5. Sometimes much And a lot mean often, for example: Do you often go to the movies? - No, not really. Yes, I love films; I go to the cinema often.

More examples using much, many And a lot: I drink a lot of coffee, and my sister drinks a lot of tea. What about you, do you drink a lot of coffee? I don't know a lot of people here. She made a lot of mistakes. There was a lot of food on the table. He talks a lot but does little. There is not much milk in the refrigerator. How many foreign languages can you speak? There are many trees in our park. I have money, but not much. I have read a lot of English books.

What about you: have you read a lot of English books?

3. Quantifiers some - any

USAGE some And any. We use some in positive sentences, with both countable and uncountable nouns, for example: I need some flour and some butter to make a cake. They made several mistakes. But the meaning may differ: use some with uncountable nouns means “a little”; but use some with countable nouns means ‘several’, for example: Not a lot of sugar, a few books. We use any in negative sentences, for example: We don't have any milk. They didn't make a single mistake. We can also use any in most questions (but not all), for example: Do you have any dictionaries? Was there any water in the glass? But usually we use some Not any in questions when we offer things, for example: Would you like some coffee? Or when we ask for some things, for example: can you lend me some money?

And here are more examples of use any And some: There is some butter in the refrigerator, but no milk at all. Are there eggs? - No, there are no eggs left. There are several photographs on the wall. Would you like some tea? Do you have any brothers or sisters? Can I have some water please? Can you speak any foreign languages? I have English books, but not many. Are there shops on this street? — Yes, there are several shops on this street. They didn't make a single mistake. What about you? Have you made mistakes? I hope you haven't made any mistakes.

Greetings, my dears!

There is an opinion that the Russian language is the richest language with an immense number of beautiful words!.. But how can one agree with it when in Russian there is only one word that expresses a large number - “many”, and in English there are already such words as many as three! (actually there are more of them - these are just the main ones...).

Of course, I won’t start a debate about the beauty of language here - and it’s clear that every language is magnificent in its own way! But "Rule much many" and a few other words that we use to express quantity, I will break it down for you today so that you don’t even think about getting confused and making mistakes anymore! Are you ready? I have already...

Let's start with a table that will clearly show you the difference. And let’s finish with exercises - without them, your fresh knowledge will fly away into the water pipe - in much the same way as an earring that accidentally fell there flies away)).

I think everything is clear from the table. Now I will explain verbally and in more detail.

Much/a little/little (a lot/a little/little)

The words Much/a little/little are used only with nouns that cannot be counted, that is, with uncountable nouns. Much means large quantity something - much sugar (a lot of sugar), much water (a lot of water), much money (a lot of money). Little - on the contrary - very little something – little sugar (very little sugar), little water (little water), little money (little money). A little means "little", this is something between a lot and a little - a little sugar (a little sugar), a little water (a little water), a little money (a little money).

Many/a few/few (many/a little/few)

The words Many/a few/few are used only with nouns that can be counted, that is, with countable nouns. Many means a large number something - many books (many books), many friends (many friends), many thoughts (many thoughts). Few – on the contrary – very little something – few books (very few books), few friends (few friends), few thoughts (few thoughts). A few means "several", this is something between many and few - a few books (several books), a few friends (several friends), a few thoughts (several thoughts).

A lot of (a lot)

A lot of can be used with both countable and uncountable nouns, which is very convenient. A lot of often replaces much and many in affirmative sentences, whereas in negatives and questions it is more appropriate to use much and many.

Do you have much time?

- No, I don’t have much time. or – Yes, I have a lot of time.

By the way, there are several “sweet spots” where students often make mistakes. Read and remember!

!Many people! ( Not much)

Many clothes! ( Not much)

Much money! ( Not many)

Many fruits s! or !Much fruit!

And now, as I promised, tasks with answers at the end

Exercise 1. Insert much or many instead of dots

Have you found … information about this company?

They spent … money in a shop yesterday.

There are so … places in the world that I’d like to visit.

… people nowadays use bicycles instead of cars to go to work.

“You’ve put too...salt in the soup, I can’t eat it!”

“Don’t buy… food in the supermarket, we are going out tonight.”

Exercise 2. Translate the sentences into English using much, many, a little, a few, little, few, a lot of

I don't have many friends in this part of town.

The teacher said so many words, but I didn’t understand anything.

He asked the waiter to bring some water.

In autumn, many birds fly south.

She doesn't like it when there is too much sugar in her tea.

“There is absolutely no space in the closet! You have so many clothes!”

I hope you didn't make any mistakes. few!

Well, if you have any questions, don’t hesitate to ask - I will definitely answer them!

Answers

Exercise 1.

Exercise 2.

I have few friends in this part of the city.

A teacher said so many words but I understood nothing.

He asked a waiter to bring a little water.

In autumn many birds fly to the south.

She doesn’t like it when there is too much sugar in tea.

“There is no place in a wardrobe! You’ve got so many clothes!”