How is solar activity measured? Real-time image of the Sun (online)

The Sun-Earth problem is relevant today for many reasons. Firstly, this is the problem of alternative energy sources on Earth. Solar energy is an inexhaustible source of energy, and a safe one at that. Secondly, this is the influence of solar activity on the earth’s atmosphere and the earth’s magnetic field: magnetic storms, auroras, the influence of solar activity on the quality of radio communications, droughts, ice ages, etc. Changes in the level of solar activity lead to changes in the values ​​of basic meteorological elements: temperature, pressure, number of thunderstorms, precipitation and related hydrological and dendrological characteristics: lake and river levels, groundwater, salinity and glaciation of the ocean, number of rings in trees, silt deposits, etc. True, in certain periods of time these manifestations occur only partially or are not observed at all. Thirdly, this is the problem “The Sun is the Earth’s biosphere”. With changes in solar activity, scientists have noticed a change in the number of insects and many animals. As a result of studying the properties of blood: the number of leukocytes, the rate of blood clotting, etc., connections between human cardiovascular diseases and solar activity have been proven.

In this work, we will limit ourselves to considering the influence of solar activity on geophysical parameters, paying special attention to the impact of activity on weather and climate.

The Sun has its own “life”, called solar activity: the hot mass of the Sun is in continuous motion, which generates spots and torches, changes the strength and direction of the solar wind. The Earth's magnetic field and its atmosphere immediately react to this solar life, giving rise to various phenomena, affecting the animal and plant world, provoking birth outbreaks of different species of animals and insects, as well as our diseases.

In addition to the usual radiation emanating from the Sun, intense radio emission was also detected. The Soviet expedition in Brazil, which observed the eclipse of May 20, 1947, discovered a 2-fold drop in the intensity of radio emission from the Sun during the total phase of the solar eclipse, while the intensity of the total radiation from the Sun decreased by a million times. This suggests that the sun's radio emission comes mainly from its corona.

The reasons for the cyclical activity of the Sun remain unknown. Some scientists are inclined to believe that its basis is internal mechanisms, others argue that these are the gravitational influences of the planets orbiting the Sun. The second point of view seems more logical. It is also necessary to take into account the fact that the revolution of the planets occurs not so much around the Sun, but around the general center of gravity of the entire Solar system, in relation to which the Sun itself describes a complex curve. If we also take into account that the Sun is not a solid body, then such dynamics of rotation will certainly affect the dynamics of the movement of the entire solar plasma, setting the rhythms of solar activity.

The closest source of high-energy particles to us is, of course, our star - the Sun. Therefore, in order to understand and evaluate the level of energy (or power) of the impacts under consideration, it is permissible to limit ourselves to the analysis of the energy coming from the Sun, or more precisely, to the analysis of variations in the energy of the flows coming from it.

There are many processes happening on the Sun, most of which remain unexplored. Nevertheless, it is possible to get a sufficient idea of ​​the variations in the energy coming from it by considering one of the main factors - the nearly periodic change in solar activity. The 22-year solar cycle is determined by the periodic reversal of the polarity of the giant magnet that is the Sun.

The surface of the Sun is very heterogeneous and is in constant motion. This is confirmed by numerous images that are constantly taken by observation stations and observatories, including international ones, in various spectral ranges. The ebb and flow of hot and almost completely ionized matter raging in the Sun sometimes leads to an effect called a coronal mass ejection (however, there is a nuance that is not essential for further understanding, associated with the difference between the concepts of a solar flare and a coronal mass ejection). In this case, huge streams of plasma break off from the surface of our star, which go into interstellar space and may well reach the Earth.

Sunspots, which have been continuously recorded for more than a hundred years, are precisely the basis for the simplest method of recording solar activity.

However, spots on the Sun can be of different sizes, and the appearance of a group of spots is far from identical to the appearance of one spot of the same area. To take this circumstance into account, solar-terrestrial physics has long used the so-called Wolf numbers, which make it possible to fairly accurately judge the activity of a star based on the number of spots observed from the Earth. The Wolf number or relative Zurich sunspot number is determined by the formula

The number of parameters with which one can characterize the activity of the Sun is very large, and such an indicator as the Wolf number is far from exhaustive. This can be clearly demonstrated based on only one fact - the Sun, like any very hot body, emits electromagnetic waves in a very wide spectral range. In addition to visible light, it emits radio waves and hard x-rays. Considering that the spectrum of heated bodies is almost continuous, and intensity variations in its individual sections may not be correlated with each other, it is easy to imagine the difficulties that solar-terrestrial physics faces when trying to find some kind of integral (or universal) indicator.

There is no single universal indicator for the activity of the Sun, but in solar-terrestrial physics it has been established that it is possible to indicate values ​​that allow us to get closer to solving this problem to some extent. One of these quantities is the intensity of radio emission from the Sun at a wavelength of 10.7 cm, which also has approximately the same periodicity as the Wolf numbers. Numerous studies have shown that variations in this and many other indicators correlate with Wolf numbers with acceptable accuracy. Therefore, many studies on solar-terrestrial connections compare the phenomena observed in various shells of the Earth with the behavior of solar activity. However, for more accurate quantitative estimates, the intensity of radio emission at a wave of 10.7 cm is also used.

There are numerous works showing that changes in solar activity during the 11-year cycle affect many indicators related to both the upper and lower atmosphere. One of the striking examples is a series of works carried out at the Research Institute of Physics of St. Petersburg University. In these works, the influence of solar activity on the long-term variation of temperature near the earth's surface was studied, i.e. in the troposphere. There are a lot of works of a similar profile; for example, certain steps have been taken to popularize research data, and all the more interesting is the review, which examined the significant difficulties that arise when trying to interpret the impact of solar activity on events in the troposphere.

The first difficulty is that the flow of energy coming from the Sun into near-Earth space is constant with high accuracy. According to estimates, confirmed by calculations carried out on the basis of data obtained from the Nimbus-7 satellite, as noted in, energy of the order of 10 12 MW enters near-Earth space. Moreover, its variable part is only about 10 6 – 10 4 MW, i.e. less than one ten-thousandth of a percent of the background value. In other words, the variable part of the energy coming to the Earth from the Sun is comparable to that produced by man in one, relatively small, region.

The flow of radiant energy coming from the Sun can also be characterized using the solar constant

A comparison of the energy per variable part of the flow from the Sun with the energy of phenomena characteristic of the atmosphere, say, a single cyclone, also shows that these are comparable quantities. In other words, changes in solar activity should not have a direct impact on events in the troposphere, if we start only from energy considerations.

However, that's not all. Another difficulty that arises when considering the impact of variations in solar activity on the troposphere, i.e. The lowest layer of the atmosphere is that particles and radiation carrying the variable part of the energy do not reach the surface of the earth. Short-wave radiation, as well as particles such as radiation belt electrons and solar protons, are absorbed in higher layers of the atmosphere (in the stratosphere and mesosphere).

It seems to us that the source of life on Earth - solar radiation - is constant and unchanging. The continuous development of life on our planet over the last billion years seems to confirm this. But the physics of the Sun, which has achieved great success over the past decade, has proven that the radiation of the Sun experiences oscillations that have their own periods, rhythms and cycles. Spots, torches, and prominences appear on the Sun. Their number increases over 4-5 years to the highest limit in the year of solar activity.

This is the time of maximum solar activity. During these years, the Sun emits an additional amount of electrically charged particles - corpuscles, which rush through interplanetary space at a speed of more than 1000 km/sec and burst into the Earth's atmosphere. Particularly powerful streams of corpuscles come from chromospheric flares - a special type of explosion of solar matter. During these exceptionally strong flares, the Sun emits so-called cosmic rays. These rays consist of fragments of atomic nuclei and come to us from the depths of the Universe. During years of solar activity, ultraviolet, X-ray and radio emission from the Sun increases.

Periods of solar activity have a huge impact on weather changes and the intensification of natural disasters, which is well known from history. Indirectly, peaks of solar activity, as well as solar flares, can affect social processes, causing famine, wars and revolutions. At the same time, the assertion that there is a direct connection between peaks of activity and revolutions is not based on any scientifically proven theory. However, in any case, it is clear that the forecast of solar activity in connection with the weather is the most important task of climatology. Increased solar activity negatively affects people's health and physical condition and disrupts biological rhythms.

The sun's radiation carries with it large reserves of energy. All types of this energy, entering the atmosphere, are mainly absorbed by its upper layers, where, as scientists say, “disturbances” occur. The Earth's magnetic field lines direct abundant flows of corpuscles to the polar latitudes. In this regard, magnetic storms and auroras occur there. Corpuscular rays begin to penetrate even into the atmosphere of temperate and southern latitudes. Then auroras flare up in places as far away from the polar countries as Moscow, Kharkov, Sochi, Tashkent. Such phenomena have been observed many times and will be observed more than once in the future.

Sometimes magnetic storms reach such strength that they interrupt telephone and radio communications, disrupt the operation of power lines, and cause power outages.

This is of great importance for the Earth: after all, in large quantities, ultraviolet rays are destructive for all living things.

Solar activity, affecting the high layers of the atmosphere, significantly affects the general circulation of air masses. Consequently, it affects the weather and climate of the entire Earth. Apparently, the influence of disturbances arising in the upper layers of the air ocean is transmitted to its lower layers - the troposphere. During the flights of artificial Earth satellites and meteorological rockets, expansions and densification of the high layers of the atmosphere were discovered: air ebbs and flows similar to oceanic rhythms. However, the mechanism of the relationship between the index of high and low layers of the atmosphere has not yet been fully revealed. There is no doubt that during the years of maximum solar activity, atmospheric circulation cycles intensify, and collisions of warm and cold currents of air masses occur more often.

On Earth there are areas of hot weather (the equator and part of the tropics) and giant refrigerators - the Arctic and especially the Antarctic. Between these regions of the Earth there is always a difference in temperature and atmospheric pressure, which causes huge masses of air to move. There is a constant struggle between warm and cold currents, trying to equalize the difference arising from changes in temperature and pressure. Sometimes warm air “takes over” and penetrates far north to Greenland and even to the pole. In other cases, masses of Arctic air break south to the Black and Mediterranean Seas, reaching Central Asia and Egypt. The boundary of competing air masses represents the most turbulent regions of our planet's atmosphere.

When the difference in temperature of moving air masses increases, powerful cyclones and anticyclones appear at the border, generating frequent thunderstorms, hurricanes, and downpours.

Modern climate anomalies like the summer of 2010 in the European part of Russia, and numerous floods in Asia are not something extraordinary. They should not be considered harbingers of the imminent end of the world, or evidence of global climate change. Let's give an example from history.

In 1956, stormy weather swept across the northern and southern hemispheres. In many areas of the Earth, this caused natural disasters and sudden changes in weather. In India, river floods have occurred several times. Water flooded thousands of villages and washed away crops. About 1 million people were affected by the floods. The forecasts didn't work. Even countries such as Iran and Afghanistan, where there are usually droughts during these months, suffered from downpours, thunderstorms and floods in the summer of that year. Particularly high solar activity, with a peak in radiation in the period 1957-1959, caused an even greater increase in the number of meteorological disasters - hurricanes, thunderstorms, and rainstorms.

There were sharp contrasts in weather everywhere. For example, in the European part of the USSR in 1957 it turned out to be unusually warm: in January the average temperature was -5°. In February in Moscow, the average temperature reached -1°, with the norm being -9°. At the same time, there were severe frosts in Western Siberia and the republics of Central Asia. In Kazakhstan, the temperature dropped to -40°. Almaty and other cities of Central Asia were literally covered with snow. In the southern hemisphere - in Australia and Uruguay - during the same months there was unprecedented heat with dry winds. The atmosphere raged until 1959, when solar activity began to decline.

The influence of solar flares and the level of solar activity on the state of flora and fauna affects indirectly: through the cycles of general atmospheric circulation. For example, the width of the layers of a cut tree, which determines the age of the plant, depends mainly on the annual amount of precipitation. In dry years these layers are very thin. The amount of annual precipitation changes periodically, which can be seen on the growth rings of old trees.

Sections made on the trunks of bog oaks (they are found in river beds) made it possible to learn the history of climate several thousand years before our time. The existence of certain periods, or cycles, of solar activity is confirmed by studies of materials that rivers carry from land and deposit on the bottom of lakes, seas and oceans. Analysis of the state of bottom sediment samples makes it possible to trace the course of solar activity over hundreds of thousands of years. The relationships between solar activity and natural processes on Earth are very complex and are not united into a general theory.

Solar activity affects the level of the Caspian Sea, the salinity of the Baltic waters and the ice cover of the northern seas. The cycle of increased solar activity is characterized by a low level of the Caspian Sea: an increase in air temperature causes increased evaporation of water and a decrease in the flow of the Volga, the main feeding artery of the Caspian Sea. For the same reason, the salinity of the Baltic Sea has increased and the ice cover of the northern seas has decreased. In principle, scientists can predict the future regime of the northern seas for the next few decades.

Nowadays, arguments are often heard that the Arctic Ocean will soon be free of ice and will be suitable for navigation. One should sincerely sympathize with the “knowledge” of the “experts” who make such statements. Yes, perhaps he will be partially free for a year or two. And then it will freeze again. And what did you tell us that we didn’t know? The dependence of the ice cover of the northern seas on cycles and periods of increased solar activity was reliably established more than 50 years ago and confirmed by decades of observations. Therefore, we can say with high confidence that the ice will grow in the same way as it melted as the solar activity cycle progresses.

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In order not to miss solar flares and subsequent auroras in the future, I am adding information about solar activity in real time. To update the information, reload the page.

Solar flares

The graph shows the total flux of solar X-ray radiation received from the GOES series satellites in real time. Solar flares are visible as bursts of intensity. During powerful flares, radio communications in the HF range on the daytime side of the Earth are disrupted. The extent of these disturbances depends on the power of the flash. The score (C,M,X) of flares and their power in W/m 2 are indicated on the left coordinate axis on a logarithmic scale. NOAA's probable radio disturbance level (R1-R5) is shown on the right. The graph shows the development of events in October 2003.

Solar cosmic rays (radiation bursts)

10-15 minutes after powerful solar flares, high-energy protons - > 10 MeV or so-called solar cosmic rays (SCR) - arrive to the Earth. In Western literature - High energy proton flux and Solar Radiation Storms i.e. a stream of high energy protons or a solar radiation storm. This radiation strike can cause disturbances and breakdowns in spacecraft equipment, lead to dangerous exposure of astronauts and increased radiation doses to passengers and crews of jet aircraft at high latitudes.

Geomagnetic disturbance index and magnetic storms

The intensification of the solar wind flow and the arrival of shock waves from coronal ejections cause strong variations in the geomagnetic field - magnetic storms. Based on data received from the GOES series spacecraft, the level of geomagnetic field disturbance is calculated in real time, which is presented on the graph.

Below is the proton index

Protons take part in thermonuclear reactions, which are the main source of energy generated by stars. In particular, the reactions of the pp cycle, which is the source of almost all the energy emitted by the Sun, come down to the combination of four protons into a helium-4 nucleus with the conversion of two protons into neutrons.

Austria, Gerlitzen. 1526 m.

Austria, Gerlitzen. 1526 m.

Components of magnetic field

Dependences of variations of magnetic field components in gammas on local time.

Local time is expressed in hours of Tomsk Summer Daylight Time (TLDV). TLDV=UTC+7hours.

Below is the level of geomagnetic field disturbance in K-indices.

Solar flares according to GOES-15 satellite data

Proton and electron flux taken from GOES-13 GOES Hp, GOES-13 and GOES-11

Solar X-ray Flux

There are five categories on the scale (in increasing power): A, B, C, M and X. In addition to the category, each flash is assigned a number. For the first four categories this is a number from zero to ten, and for category X it is from zero and above.

"Component H" (black trace) is positive magnetic north,
"Component D" (red trace) is positive East,
"Component Z" (blue trace) is positive down

More details: http://www.haarp.alaska.edu/cgi-bin/magnetometer/gak-mag.cgi

The GOES Hp plot contains 1-minute averaged parallel magnetic field components in nanoTeslas (nT) measured by GOES-13 (W75) and GOES-11 (W135).

Note: The time in the pictures is North Atlantic, that is, relative to
Moscow time needs to be subtracted 7 hours (GMT-4:00)
Sources of information:
http://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov/data/realtime-images.html
http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/rt_plots/index.html

Here is a simulation of solar activity in real time. Images are updated every 30 minutes. It is possible that sensors and cameras on satellites may be switched off periodically due to technical faults.

Ultraviolet telescope, bright spots correspond to 60-80 thousand degrees Kelvin. SOHO LASCO C3 satellite

Distance to the Sun: 149.6 million km = 1.496· 1011 m = 8.31 light minutes

Radius of the Sun: 695,990 km or 109 Earth radii

Mass of the Sun: 1.989 1030 kg = 333,000 Earth masses

Solar surface temperature: 5770 K

Chemical composition of the Sun on the surface: 70% hydrogen (H), 28% helium (He), 2% other elements (C, N, O, ...) by mass

Temperature at the center of the Sun: 15,600,000 K

Chemical composition at the center of the Sun: 35% hydrogen (H), 63% helium (He), 2% other elements (C, N, O, ...) by mass

We will be able to see what is happening now in space. Sometimes, a photo appears on our portal in a matter of minutes after the camera shutter in the Universe is triggered. This means that before this the image managed to travel... one and a half million kilometers. It is at this distance that the satellites are located.

We will begin broadcasting images of the Sun from a new modern space telescope. These images are amazing. Thanks to two American satellites, the STEREO twins, we can see the invisible. That is, that side of the star that is hidden from observation from Earth.

The diagram above shows that observatory satellites A and B make it possible to observe the Sun from opposite sides. Initially, it was planned that over time their orbits would diverge so that we would be able to see the Sun not just from the side, but completely from the opposite side. And in February 2011 it happened.

What we can see right now looks like science fiction. Almost in real time we observe the hidden life of space. His secret. And clouds, clouds and other atmospheric phenomena will never interfere with this. Space is an ideal place for such observations. By the way, 90 percent of all the phenomena that occur here are incomprehensible to scientists. Including in the behavior of the star closest to us. Maybe you will help make the fundamental clues?

Look: here it is – our Sun (in the picture below), modestly hidden behind a “stub” so as not to expose the image to light. A wide-angle lens allows you to see hundreds of thousands of kilometers around. This was done specifically so that we could see the solar corona.

This image is broadcast from the STEREO B satellite. The time on the image is in Greenwich Mean Time.

Time GMT (Greenwich Mean Time): If emissions occur towards the Earth, their direction will be towards the right edge. It is precisely such bright radiant flashes that pose a danger to us earthlings. Sometimes, scientists hastily write clues on an image with an electronic pen. Notifying us about the appearance of a comet or planet in the frame. Above is the next “picture” from the STEREO B satellite, labeled behind_euvi_195, but now with a view directly to the Sun itself. We observe: is there activity on the invisible side? Depending on the location of the flashes on the right edge, you will be able to predict how quickly they will appear on the visible side. Let us remember that the surface layers of the Sun make a full revolution about 25 days. Rotation occurs from left to right. The greenish color in the image appears because the telescope is imaging the Sun's atmosphere at a specific wavelength. In this case - 195 A (Angstrom). We “look” into the temperature layer of the star at a level of about one and a half million degrees Celsius. But in the next image (below) we can see a more superficial layer heated to 80,000°C. But we are already seeing a broadcast from another amazing telescope - the SDO space observatory. It was launched into space in 2010. Its main goal is to study dynamic processes on the Sun.

SDO transmits images very quickly. You can see this yourself by the universal time markings in the picture. It is noteworthy that this observatory's view of the Sun exactly matches how we ourselves see it from Earth. It is from this side that the most dangerous prominences “shoot” at us and magnetic storms come. And they are formed, in most cases, in dark areas - spots. Their widespread appearance is an alarming sign of magnetic unrest. This means that a magnetic storm may occur on Earth. And it is the broadcast image below that allows us to observe its harbingers - spots.

If spots appear, pay closer attention to your health. It has been proven that absolutely all people are susceptible to magnetic storms. But for some, defense mechanisms work better, for others - worse. The reasons for this difference are unclear to scientists.

HOW TO BEHAVIOR DURING MAGNETIC STORMS?

General advice from general practitioner Miroslava BUZKO:

FOR THE FIRST TIME! Our portal has launched a live broadcast from the International Space Station: the life of astronauts, official negotiations, dockings, views of the Earth in real time.

By the way, the turbulent geomagnetic environment created on Earth by the Sun is most relevant for those who live closer to the North. This is caused by the structure of our planet and its position in space. Geographically, the most affected by solar storms are Russia (Siberia and the European North), the USA (Alaska) and Canada.

Let us recall that solar images appear on the portal with a time delay necessary for their transmission from the space observatory and processing for display. Everything is done automatically.

If you see a distorted “picture” in the image, this means that a technical failure has occurred. Sometimes, this may be the Sun itself, which once again splashed out its gigantic energy on those around us: And these emissions can very seriously threaten our civilization. Most modern electronic devices are not protected from the effects of abnormal solar radiation. They can fail instantly.

Let us remind you that you can read about the current unfavorable forecast for solar activity and the reasons that can greatly destroy the earth’s infrastructure in the material “Achilles’ heel of the new century”

Watch the life of a real Star! Our lives really depend on it:

(Broadcast thanks to openness in the provision of information from the EU space agencies and NASA)

Sun Impact Iformer

Shown are the average predicted values ​​of the global geomagnetic index Kp, based on geophysical data from twelve observatories around the world collected by the NOAA SWPC Solar Service. The forecast below is updated daily. By the way, you can easily see that scientists are almost incapable of predicting solar events. It is enough to compare their predictions with the real situation. Now the three-day forecast looks like this:

Kp index - characterizes the planetary geomagnetic field, that is, on the scale of the entire Earth. For each day, eight values ​​are shown - for each three-hour time interval, during the day (0-3, 3-6, 6-9, 9-12, 12-15, 15-18, 18-21, 21-00 hours) . Time indicated is Moscow (msk)

Vertical lines of GREEN color (I) - safe level of geomagnetic activity.

Vertical lines of RED color (I) - magnetic storm (Kp>5). The higher the red vertical line, the stronger the storm. The level at which noticeable effects on the health of weather-sensitive people are likely (Kp=7) is marked with a horizontal red line.

Below you can see a real display of the geomagnetic influence of the Sun. Using the Kp-index value scale, determine the degree of its danger to your health. A figure above 4-5 units means the onset of a magnetic storm. Note that in this case, the graph quickly displays the level of solar radiation that has already reached the Earth. This data is recorded and released every three hours by several tracking stations in the United States,
Canada and Great Britain. And we see the summary result thanks to the Space Weather Prediction Center (NOAA/Space Weather Prediction Center)

IMPORTANT! Considering that a dangerous release of solar energy reaches the Earth no earlier than in a day, you yourself, taking into account the operational images of the Sun broadcast above, will be able to prepare in advance for the adverse effects, the level of which is displayed below.

The Kp index determines the degree of geomagnetic disturbance. The higher the Kp index, the greater the disturbance. Kp< 4 — слабые возмущения, Kp >4 - strong disturbances.

Solar exposure informer designation

X-ray radiation from the Sun*

Normal: Normal solar X-ray flux.

Active : Increased solar X-ray radiation.

Monitoring of solar activity and geomagnetic conditions of the Earth online according to various parameters... As well as maps of the Earth's ozone layer and earthquakes in the world for the last two days, weather and temperature maps.

X-ray emission from the Sun shows a graph of solar flare activity. X-ray images show events on the Sun and are used here to track solar activity and solar flares. Large solar X-ray flares can alter the Earth's ionosphere, which blocks high-frequency (HF) radio transmissions to the sunlit side of the Earth.

Solar flares are also associated with Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs), which can eventually lead to geomagnetic storms. SWPC sends space weather alerts at the M5 (5x10-5 W/MW) level. Some large flares are accompanied by strong radio bursts, which can interfere with other radio frequencies and cause problems for satellite communications and radio navigation (GPS).

Schumann resonance is the phenomenon of the formation of standing electromagnetic waves of low and ultra-low frequencies between the Earth's surface and the ionosphere.

The Earth and its ionosphere are a giant spherical resonator, the cavity of which is filled with a weakly electrically conductive medium. If the electromagnetic wave that arises in this environment after circling the globe again coincides with its own phase (enters resonance), then it can exist for a long time.

Schumann resonances

After reading Schumann's article on the resonant frequencies of the ionosphere in 1952, the German physician Herbert König drew attention to the coincidence of the main resonant frequency of the ionosphere of 7.83 Hz with the range of alpha waves (7.5-13 Hz) of the human brain. He found it interesting and contacted Schumann. From that moment their joint research began. It turned out that other resonant frequencies of the ionosphere coincide with the main rhythms of the human brain. The idea arose that this coincidence was not a coincidence. That the ionosphere is a kind of master generator for the biorhythms of all life on the planet, a kind of conductor of the orchestra called life.

And, accordingly, the intensity and any changes in Schumann resonances affect the higher nervous activity of a person and his intellectual abilities, which was proven in the middle of the last century.

Protons are the main source of energy in the Universe, generated by stars. They take part in thermonuclear reactions, in particular, the pp-cycle reactions, which are the source of almost all the energy emitted by the Sun, come down to the combination of four protons into a helium-4 nucleus with the conversion of two protons into neutrons.

The electron and proton flux are taken from GOES-13 GOES Hp, GOES-13 and GOES-11. High-energy particles can reach Earth anywhere from 20 minutes to several hours after a solar event.

GOES Hp is a minute chart containing averaged parallel components of the Earth's magnetic field in nano Teslas (nT). Measurements: GOES-13 and GOES-15.

8-12 minutes after large and extreme solar flares, high-energy protons - > 10 MeV or they are also called solar cosmic rays (SCRs) - reach the Earth. The flow of high energy protons entering the Earth's atmosphere is shown in this graph. A solar radiation storm can cause disruptions or breakdowns in spacecraft equipment, damage electronic equipment on Earth, and lead to radiation exposure of astronauts, passengers and jet crews.

An increase in the flow of solar radiation and the arrival of waves of solar coronal ejections cause strong fluctuations in the geomagnetic field - magnetic storms occur on Earth. The graph shows data from the GOES spacecraft; the level of geomagnetic field disturbance is calculated in real time.

Auroras occur when the solar wind hits the upper layers of the Earth's atmosphere. Protons cause the diffuse Aurora phenomenon, which propagates along the Earth's magnetic field lines. Auroras are usually accompanied by a unique sound, reminiscent of a slight crackling sound, which has not yet been studied by scientists.

Electrons are excited by accelerating processes in the magnetosphere. The accelerated electrons travel through the Earth's magnetic field into the polar regions, where they collide with atoms and molecules of oxygen and nitrogen in the Earth's upper atmosphere. In these collisions, electrons transfer their energy into the atmosphere, thus trapping atoms and molecules into higher energy states. When they relax back down to lower energy states, they
release energy in the form of light. This is similar to how a neon light bulb works. Auroras usually occur from 80 to 500 km above the earth's surface.

The map shows earthquakes on the planet over the past 24 hours

On this page you can very well monitor our space weather, which is primarily determined by the Sun. Data is updated very often - almost every every 5-10 minutes, so you can always, by visiting this page, know the exact state of affairs in the field of activity of our Sun and space weather.

• Thanks to this page and its online data, you can quite accurately understand the state of space weather and its impact on Earth at the current moment in time. Graphs and maps are posted (online from specialized online servers that collect and process data from satellites) describing space weather (which is convenient for tracking anomalies).

Now you can see the Sun online in animation mode to visually better observe all the changes in the Sun, such as flares, objects flying nearby, etc.:

The state of space weather in our system depends primarily on the current state of the Sun. Hard radiation and flares, streams of ionized plasma, solar wind originating in the Sun are the main parameters. Hard radiation and flares depend on so-called sunspots. Maps of sunspots and X-ray radiation distribution are visible below (this is a photo of the sun taken today: March 18, Monday).

Emissions of coronal transients and nascent solar wind streams are marked in the figure below (this is a picture of the Sun's corona taken today: March 18, Monday).

Solar flare chart. Using this graph, you can find out the strength of the flares that occur on the Sun every day. Conventionally, flashes are divided into three classes: C, M, X, this can be seen on the scale of the graph below, the peak value of the red line wave determines the strength of the flash. The strongest flare is class X.

Global high temperature weather can be tracked on the frequently updated map below. Recently, a shift in climate zones has been clearly visible.

The Sun is now (March 18, Monday) in the ultraviolet spectrum (one of the most convenient for viewing the state of the Sun and its surface).

Stereo image of the Sun. As you know, two satellites were recently specially sent into space, which entered a special orbit in order to “see” the Sun from two sides at once (previously we saw the Sun only from one side) and transmit these images to Earth. Below you can see this image, which is updated daily.