Substances that cause the greenhouse effect. What is the greenhouse effect and what is its essence? What are the consequences of the greenhouse effect

In the 21st century, the global greenhouse effect is one of the most pressing environmental problems facing our planet today. The essence of the greenhouse effect is that the sun's heat is trapped near the surface of our planet in the form of greenhouse gases. The greenhouse effect is caused by the release of industrial gases into the atmosphere.

The greenhouse effect is an increase in the temperature of the lower layers of the Earth's atmosphere in comparison with the effective temperature, namely the temperature of the planet's thermal radiation recorded from space. The first mention of this phenomenon appeared back in 1827. Then Joseph Fourier suggested that the optical characteristics of the Earth's atmosphere are similar to the characteristics of glass, the level of transparency of which in the infrared range is lower than in the optical. When visible light is absorbed, the surface temperature rises and emits thermal (infrared) radiation, and since the atmosphere is not so transparent for thermal radiation, heat collects near the surface of the planet.
The fact that the atmosphere is capable of not transmitting thermal radiation is caused by the presence of greenhouse gases in it. The main greenhouse gases are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane and ozone. Over the past decades, the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has increased significantly. Scientists believe human activity is the main reason.
Due to the regular increase in average annual temperatures in the late 1980s, there was concern that global warming caused by human activity was already occurring.

The influence of the greenhouse effect

The positive consequences of the greenhouse effect include additional “heating” of the surface of our planet, as a result of which life appeared on this planet. If this phenomenon did not exist, then the average annual air temperature near the earth's surface would not exceed 18C.
The greenhouse effect arose due to the huge amount of water vapor and carbon dioxide entering the planet's atmosphere over hundreds of millions of years as a result of extremely high volcanic activity. The high concentration of carbon dioxide, which is thousands of times higher than today, was the cause of the “supergreenhouse” effect. This phenomenon brought the water temperature in the World Ocean closer to the boiling point. However, after some time, green vegetation appeared on the planet, which actively absorbed carbon dioxide from the earth’s atmosphere. For this reason, the greenhouse effect began to decline. Over time, a certain equilibrium was established, allowing the average annual temperature to remain at +15C.
However, human industrial activity has led to large amounts of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases once again entering the atmosphere. Scientists analyzed data from 1906 to 2005 and concluded that the average annual temperature increased by 0.74 degrees, and in the coming years will reach about 0.2 degrees per decade.
Greenhouse effect results:

• temperature increase
• changes in the frequency and volume of precipitation
• melting glaciers
• sea ​​level rise
• threat to biological diversity
• death of crops
• drying up of fresh water sources
• increased evaporation of water in the oceans
• decomposition of water and methane compounds located near the poles
• slowdown of currents, for example, the Gulf Stream, resulting in sharply colder temperatures in the Arctic
• decrease in tropical forest size
• expansion of the habitat of tropical microorganisms.

Consequences of the greenhouse effect

Why is the greenhouse effect so dangerous? The main danger of the greenhouse effect lies in the climate changes it causes. Scientists believe that the strengthening of the greenhouse effect will cause increased health risks for all humanity, especially for representatives of low-income segments of the population. A decrease in food production, which will be a consequence of the death of crops and the destruction of pastures by drought or, conversely, flooding, will inevitably lead to a shortage of food. In addition, elevated air temperatures cause exacerbation of heart and vascular diseases, as well as respiratory diseases.
Also, an increase in air temperature can cause an expansion of the habitat of animal species that are carriers of dangerous diseases. Because of this, for example, encephalitis ticks and malaria mosquitoes can move to places where people lack immunity to the diseases they carry.

What will help save the planet?

Scientists are confident that the fight against the strengthening of the greenhouse effect should involve the following measures:

• reducing the use of fossil energy sources such as coal, oil and gas
• more efficient use of energy resources
• dissemination of energy-saving technologies
• use of alternative energy sources, namely renewable
• use of refrigerants and blowing agents that contain low (zero) global warming potential
• reforestation work aimed at natural absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
• abandoning cars with gasoline or diesel engines in favor of electric cars.

At the same time, even the full-scale implementation of the listed measures is unlikely to fully compensate for the harm caused to nature due to anthropogenic action. For this reason, we can only talk about minimizing the consequences.
The first international conference at which this threat was discussed took place in the mid-70s in Toronto. Then, experts came to the conclusion that the greenhouse effect on Earth is in second place in importance after the nuclear threat.
Not only a real man is obliged to plant a tree - every person should do it! The most important thing in solving this problem is not to turn a blind eye to it. Perhaps today people do not notice the harm from the greenhouse effect, but our children and grandchildren will definitely feel it. It is necessary to reduce the volume of burning coal and oil and protect the natural vegetation of the planet. All this is necessary for planet Earth to exist after us.

Deforestation and the pace of industrial development lead to the accumulation of harmful gases in the layers of the atmosphere, which create a shell and prevent the release of excess heat into space.

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Ecological disaster or natural process?

Many scientists consider the process of rising temperatures to be a global environmental problem, which, in the absence of control over the anthropogenic influence on the atmosphere, can lead to irreversible consequences. It is believed that the first to discover the existence of the greenhouse effect and study the principles of its action was Joseph Fourier. In his research, the scientist looked at various factors and mechanisms that influence climate formation. He studied the state of the planet's thermal balance and determined the mechanisms of its influence on average annual temperatures on the surface. It turned out that greenhouse gases play one of the main roles in this process. Infrared rays are retained on the Earth's surface, which is their effect on the heat balance. We will describe the causes and consequences of the greenhouse effect below.

The essence and principle of the greenhouse effect

An increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere leads to an increase in the degree of penetration of short-wave solar radiation onto the surface of the planet, while a barrier is formed that prevents the release of long-wave thermal radiation from our planet into outer space. Why is this barrier dangerous? Thermal radiation, which is retained in the lower spheres of the atmosphere, leads to an increase in ambient temperature, which negatively affects the ecological situation and leads to irreversible consequences.

The essence of the greenhouse effect can also be considered as the cause of global warming caused by an imbalance in the thermal balance of the planet. The mechanism of the greenhouse effect is associated with emissions of industrial gases into the atmosphere. However, to the negative impact of industry should be added deforestation, vehicle emissions, forest fires, and the use of thermal power plants to generate energy. The impact of deforestation on global warming and the greenhouse effect is due to the fact that trees actively absorb carbon dioxide and the reduction of their areas leads to an increase in the concentration of harmful gases in the atmosphere.

Ozone screen condition

The reduction in forest area, coupled with large volumes of emissions of harmful gases, leads to the problem of ozone layer destruction. Scientists are constantly analyzing the state of the ozone ball and their conclusions are disappointing. If current levels of emissions and deforestation continue, humanity will face the fact that the ozone layer will no longer be able to sufficiently protect the planet from solar radiation. The danger of these processes is caused by the fact that this will lead to a significant increase in environmental temperature, desertification of territories, and an acute shortage of drinking water and food. A diagram of the state of the ozone ball, the presence and location of holes can be found on many sites.

The state of the ozone shield worries environmental scientists. Ozone is the same as oxygen, but with a different triatomic model. Without oxygen, living organisms will not be able to breathe, but without the ozone ball, the planet will turn into a lifeless desert. The power of this transformation can be imagined by looking at the Moon or Mars. Depletion of the ozone shield under the influence of anthropogenic factors can lead to the appearance of ozone holes. Another advantage of the ozone screen is that it blocks ultraviolet radiation that is harmful to health. Disadvantages - it is extremely fragile and too many factors lead to its destruction, and the restoration of characteristics is very slow.

Examples of how ozone depletion affects living organisms can be given for a long time. Scientists have noted that the number of cases of skin cancer has recently increased. It has been established that it is ultraviolet rays that contribute to the development of this disease. The second example is the extinction of plankton in the upper layers of the ocean in a number of regions of the planet. This leads to the disruption of the food chain; after the disappearance of plankton, many species of fish and marine mammals may disappear. It is not difficult to imagine how this system works. It is important to understand what the results will be if measures are not taken to reduce anthropogenic impact on ecosystems. Or is it all a myth? Maybe life on the planet is not in danger? Let's figure it out.

Anthropogenic greenhouse effect

The greenhouse effect occurs as a result of the influence of human activities on surrounding ecosystems. The natural temperature balance on the planet is disrupted, more heat is retained under the influence of a shell of greenhouse gases, this leads to an increase in temperature on the surface of the Earth and ocean waters. The main reason leading to the greenhouse effect is the emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere as a result of the operation of industrial enterprises, vehicle emissions, fires and other harmful factors. In addition to disrupting the thermal balance of the planet, global warming, this causes pollution of the air we breathe and the water we drink. As a result, we will face illnesses and a general reduction in life expectancy.

Let's look at what gases cause the greenhouse effect:

• carbon dioxide;
• water vapor;
• ozone;
• methane.

It is carbon dioxide and water vapor that are considered to be the most dangerous substances that lead to the greenhouse effect. The content of methane, ozone and freon in the atmosphere also affects the disruption of the climate balance, which is due to their chemical composition, but their influence is currently not so serious. The gases that cause ozone holes also cause health problems. They contain substances that cause allergic reactions and respiratory diseases.

Sources of harmful gases are, first of all, industrial and automobile emissions. However, many scientists are inclined to believe that the greenhouse effect is also associated with the activity of volcanoes. Gases create a specific shell, which results in the formation of a cloud of steam and ash, which, depending on the direction of the wind, can pollute large areas.

How to combat the greenhouse effect?

According to ecologists and other scientists who deal with issues related to the conservation of biodiversity, climate change, and reducing human impact on the environment, it will not be possible to completely prevent the implementation of negative scenarios for human development, but it is possible to reduce the number of irreversible consequences of industry and humans on ecosystems. For this reason, many countries are introducing fees for the emission of harmful gases, introducing environmental standards into production, and developing options for how to reduce the destructive impact of humans on nature. However, the global problem lies in the different levels of development of countries, in their attitude towards social and environmental responsibility.

Ways to solve the problem of accumulation of harmful substances in the atmosphere:

• stopping deforestation, especially in equatorial and tropical latitudes;
• transition to electric vehicles. They are more environmentally friendly than conventional cars and do not pollute the environment;
• development of alternative energy. The transition from thermal power plants to solar, wind and hydroelectric power plants will not only reduce the volume of emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere, but also reduce the use of non-renewable natural resources;
• introduction of energy-saving technologies;
• development of new low-carbon technologies;
• fighting forest fires, preventing their occurrence, establishing strict measures for violators;
• tightening of environmental legislation.

It is worth noting that it is impossible to compensate for the damage that humanity has already caused to the environment and completely restore ecosystems. For this reason, one should consider actively implementing actions aimed at reducing the consequences of anthropogenic impact. All decisions must be comprehensive and global. At this point in time, this is hampered by the imbalance in the level of development, life and education of rich and poor countries.

Greenhouse gases

Greenhouse gases are gases that are believed to cause the global greenhouse effect.

The main greenhouse gases, in order of their estimated impact on the Earth's thermal balance, are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, ozone, halocarbons and nitrous oxide.

water vapor

Water vapor is the main natural greenhouse gas, responsible for more than 60% of the effect. Direct anthropogenic impact on this source is insignificant. At the same time, an increase in the Earth's temperature caused by other factors increases evaporation and the total concentration of water vapor in the atmosphere at almost constant relative humidity, which in turn increases the greenhouse effect. Thus, some positive feedback occurs.

Methane

A gigantic eruption of methane accumulated under the seabed 55 million years ago warmed the Earth by 7 degrees Celsius.

The same thing can happen now - this assumption was confirmed by researchers from NASA. Using computer simulations of ancient climates, they tried to better understand the role of methane in climate change. Currently, most research on the greenhouse effect focuses on the role of carbon dioxide in this effect, although the potential of methane to retain heat in the atmosphere is 20 times greater than that of carbon dioxide.

A variety of gas-powered household appliances are contributing to the increase in methane content in the atmosphere.

Over the past 200 years, methane in the atmosphere has more than doubled due to decomposition of organic matter in swamps and wet lowlands, as well as leaks from man-made objects such as gas pipelines, coal mines, increased irrigation and off-gassing from livestock. But there is another source of methane - decaying organic matter in ocean sediments, preserved frozen under the seabed.

Typically, low temperatures and high pressure keep methane under the ocean in a stable state, but this was not always the case. During periods of global warming, such as the late Paleocene Thermal Maximum, which occurred 55 million years ago and lasted for 100 thousand years, the movement of lithospheric plates, particularly in the Indian subcontinent, led to a drop in pressure on the seafloor and could cause a large release of methane. As the atmosphere and ocean began to warm, methane emissions could increase. Some scientists believe that current global warming could lead to the development of events according to the same scenario - if the ocean warms up significantly.

When methane enters the atmosphere, it reacts with oxygen and hydrogen molecules to create carbon dioxide and water vapor, each of which can cause the greenhouse effect. According to previous forecasts, all emitted methane will turn into carbon dioxide and water in about 10 years. If this is true, then increasing carbon dioxide concentrations will be the main cause of warming of the planet. However, attempts to confirm the reasoning with references to the past were unsuccessful - no traces of an increase in carbon dioxide concentration 55 million years ago were found.

The models used in the new study showed that when the level of methane in the atmosphere sharply increases, the content of oxygen and hydrogen reacting with methane in it decreases (until the reaction stops), and the remaining methane remains in the air for hundreds of years, itself becoming a cause of global warming. And these hundreds of years are enough to warm up the atmosphere, melt the ice in the oceans and change the entire climate system.

The main anthropogenic sources of methane are digestive fermentation in livestock, rice growing, and biomass burning (including deforestation). Recent studies have shown that a rapid increase in atmospheric methane concentrations occurred in the first millennium AD (presumably as a result of the expansion of agricultural and livestock production and forest burning). Between 1000 and 1700, methane concentrations fell by 40%, but began to rise again in recent centuries (presumably as a result of the expansion of arable land and pastures and the burning of forests, the use of wood for heating, increased numbers of livestock, sewage, and rice cultivation) . Some contribution to the supply of methane comes from leaks during the development of coal and natural gas deposits, as well as the emission of methane as part of biogas generated at waste disposal sites

Carbon dioxide

Sources of carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere are volcanic emissions, vital activity of organisms, and human activity. Anthropogenic sources include the combustion of fossil fuels, the burning of biomass (including deforestation), and some industrial processes (for example, cement production). The main consumers of carbon dioxide are plants. Normally, the biocenosis absorbs approximately the same amount of carbon dioxide as it produces (including through biomass decay).

The influence of carbon dioxide on the intensity of the greenhouse effect.

Much still needs to be learned about the carbon cycle and the role of the world's oceans as a vast reservoir of carbon dioxide. As mentioned above, every year humanity adds 7 billion tons of carbon in the form of CO 2 to the existing 750 billion tons. But only about half of our emissions - 3 billion tons - remain in the air. This can be explained by the fact that most CO 2 is used by terrestrial and marine plants, buried in marine sediments, absorbed by seawater, or otherwise absorbed. Of this large portion of CO 2 (about 4 billion tons), the ocean absorbs about two billion tons of atmospheric carbon dioxide each year.

All this increases the number of unanswered questions: How exactly does sea water interact with atmospheric air, absorbing CO 2? How much more carbon can the seas absorb, and what level of global warming might affect their capacity? What is the capacity of the oceans to absorb and store heat trapped by climate change?

The role of clouds and suspended particles in air currents called aerosols is not easy to take into account when building a climate model. Clouds shade the earth's surface, leading to cooling, but depending on their height, density and other conditions, they can also trap heat reflected from the earth's surface, increasing the intensity of the greenhouse effect. The effect of aerosols is also interesting. Some of them modify water vapor, condensing it into small droplets that form clouds. These clouds are very dense and obscure the Earth's surface for weeks. That is, they block sunlight until they fall with precipitation.

The combined effect can be enormous: the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatuba in the Philippines released a colossal volume of sulfates into the stratosphere, causing a worldwide drop in temperature that lasted two years.

Thus, our own pollution, mainly caused by burning sulfur-containing coal and oils, may temporarily offset the effects of global warming. Experts estimate that aerosols reduced the amount of warming by 20% during the 20th century. In general, temperatures have been rising since the 1940s, but have fallen since 1970. The aerosol effect may help explain the anomalous cooling in the middle of the last century.

In 2006, carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere amounted to 24 billion tons. A very active group of researchers argues against the idea that human activity is one of the causes of global warming. In her opinion, the main thing is the natural processes of climate change and increased solar activity. But, according to Klaus Hasselmann, head of the German Climatological Center in Hamburg, only 5% can be explained by natural causes, and the remaining 95% is a man-made factor caused by human activity.

Some scientists also do not connect the increase in CO 2 with an increase in temperature. Skeptics say that if rising temperatures are to be blamed on rising CO 2 emissions, temperatures must have risen during the post-war economic boom, when fossil fuels were burned in huge quantities. However, Jerry Mallman, director of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, calculated that increased use of coal and oils rapidly increased the sulfur content in the atmosphere, causing cooling. After 1970, the thermal effect of the long life cycles of CO 2 and methane suppressed rapidly decaying aerosols, causing temperatures to rise. Thus, we can conclude that the influence of carbon dioxide on the intensity of the greenhouse effect is enormous and undeniable.

However, the increasing greenhouse effect may not be catastrophic. Indeed, high temperatures may be welcome where they are quite rare. Since 1900, the greatest warming has been observed from 40 to 70 0 northern latitude, including Russia, Europe, and the northern part of the United States, where industrial emissions of greenhouse gases began earliest. Most of the warming occurs at night, primarily due to increased cloud cover, which traps outgoing heat. As a result, the sowing season was extended by a week.

Moreover, the greenhouse effect may be good news for some farmers. High concentrations of CO 2 can have a positive effect on plants because plants use carbon dioxide during photosynthesis, converting it into living tissue. Therefore, more plants mean more absorption of CO 2 from the atmosphere, slowing down global warming.

This phenomenon was studied by American specialists. They decided to create a model of the world with double the amount of CO 2 in the air. To do this, they used fourteen-year-old pine forest in Northern California. The gas was pumped through pipes installed among the trees. Photosynthesis increased by 50-60%. But the effect soon became the opposite. The suffocating trees could not cope with such volumes of carbon dioxide. The advantage in the process of photosynthesis was lost. This is another example of how human manipulation leads to unexpected results.

But these small positive aspects of the greenhouse effect cannot be compared with the negative ones. Take, for example, the experiment with a pine forest, where the volume of CO 2 was doubled, and by the end of this century the concentration of CO 2 is predicted to quadruple. One can imagine how catastrophic the consequences could be for plants. And this, in turn, will increase the volume of CO 2, since the fewer plants, the greater the concentration of CO 2.

Consequences of the greenhouse effect

greenhouse effect gases climate

As temperatures rise, the evaporation of water from oceans, lakes, rivers, etc. will increase. Since warmer air can hold more water vapor, this creates a powerful feedback effect: the warmer it gets, the higher the water vapor content in the air, which in turn increases the greenhouse effect.

Human activity has little effect on the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere. But we emit other greenhouse gases, which makes the greenhouse effect more and more intense. Scientists believe that increasing CO 2 emissions, mostly from burning fossil fuels, explain at least about 60% of the Earth's warming since 1850. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increasing by about 0.3% per year, and is now about 30% higher than before the industrial revolution. If we express this in absolute terms, then every year humanity adds approximately 7 billion tons. Despite the fact that this is a small part in relation to the total amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere - 750 billion tons, and even smaller compared to the amount of CO 2 contained in the World Ocean - approximately 35 trillion tons, it remains very significant. Reason: natural processes are in equilibrium, such a volume of CO 2 enters the atmosphere, which is removed from there. And human activity only adds CO 2.

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And global warming are related concepts familiar to every person today. Let's consider what the greenhouse effect is, the causes and consequences of this phenomenon.

This is a global problem for humanity, the consequences of which should be reduced by every person. The phenomenon refers to an increase in temperature observed in the lower layers of the atmosphere. The consequences are quite impressive, but the main thing is the appearance of greenhouse gases in excess volumes in the atmosphere. All this led to the emergence of real preconditions for the emergence of global warming.

Greenhouse gases: how they work

It is not always clear why the greenhouse effect is dangerous. The first person to highlight the principles of this phenomenon and explain them was Joseph Fourier, who tried to understand the peculiarities of climate formation. The scientist also examined factors that could change the world’s climate and even the heat balance in general. Joseph found that active participants in the process are, preventing the passage of infrared rays. Based on the degree of exposure, the following types of gases can be distinguished:

• methane
• carbon dioxide
• water vapor

Water vapor is responsible for increasing moisture in the toposphere, so it is considered the main gas among gases, providing the maximum contribution to temperature growth. The strengthening of the greenhouse effect is explained by nitrogen oxide and freons. The remaining gases are present in the atmosphere in low concentrations, due to which their influence is insignificant.

Clear causes of global warming

Global warming and the greenhouse effect are interrelated concepts. The greenhouse or greenhouse effect and its impact are represented by short-wave radiation from the Sun penetrating into the Earth's atmosphere due to the fact that it contains carbon dioxide. As a result, the Earth's thermal radiation, called long-wave radiation, is delayed. Orderly actions will cause prolonged heating of the atmosphere.

The phenomenon is based on an increase in the Earth's global temperature, contributing to a change in the heat balance. This process results from the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which cause the consequences of the greenhouse effect.

The causes of the greenhouse effect are quite diverse. What is the main one? These are industrial gases. In other words, human activities have negative results, leading to climate change. Such activities are:

• use of remaining fuel
• transport emissions
• forest fires
• functioning of all kinds of enterprises

The greenhouse effect arises largely due to the fact that humans are destroying forests, and the forest is the main sink of carbon dioxide.

Other causes of problems in the atmosphere include the following:

1. The use in industry of a variety of combustible minerals, which are burned, releasing a large number of harmful compounds.
2. Active use of transport increases the emission of exhaust gases. They not only pollute the air, but also intensify the effect of the phenomenon.
3. Forest fires. This problem is important because it has recently led to severe deforestation.
4. Population growth. This increases the demand for clothing, food, houses, contributing to an increase in enterprises and, as a result, more intense pollution of the planet.
5. The use of fertilizers and agrochemicals that contain harmful substances and also release nitrogen.
6. Burning or decomposing waste. As a result, the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere increases.

The greenhouse effect and various climate changes are two inextricably linked concepts. Changes in the climatic conditions of our planet are becoming the main consequences. Experts note that air temperatures are increasing every year, and not only in greenhouses. Water sources evaporate faster, reducing the planet's water supply. Scientists are confident that just two centuries later a real danger will appear - the water level will drop and the “drying out” of water resources may actually occur.

In fact, the problems of the biosphere, in particular, the decrease in the number of bodies of water on our planet, is only one side of the problem. Second, glaciers begin to melt. This, in turn, will, on the contrary, lead to rising sea levels. As a result, the shores of islands and continents may be flooded. Already today, we can note a greater number of coastal floods and floods, which are increasing every year, negatively affecting the environment.

An increase in temperature on our planet will affect all territories, negatively affecting not only the biosphere. For arid areas, the problem will be most obvious, since today, with low rainfall, they are not entirely suitable for life. Rising temperatures will make it impossible for people to live on them at all. The problem will also be the loss of crops due to climatic conditions, which will lead to a shortage of food and the extinction of living organisms.

Implications for human health

Some people mistakenly believe that global warming has no effect on their health. In fact, the harm is quite impressive, it resembles a “time bomb”. Scientists believe that the main effects on human health will be seen decades later. The danger is that it will no longer be possible to change anything.

Such diseases tend to spread quickly geographically. That is why people all over the world will be exposed to them. Various insects and animals can become carriers of infections, moving north due to rising air temperatures in their usual habitat, as well as due to increased greenhouse gases.

What to do in case of abnormal heat

Currently, global warming, which causes the greenhouse effect, has already affected the lives of people in certain areas. As a result, people must change their usual lifestyle, and also take into account a number of tips from experts in order to maintain their own health.

It can be noted that several decades ago the average summer temperature was in the range from +22 to +27°C. Now it reaches the range from +35 to +38°C. This causes constant headaches, heat and sunstroke, as well as some other problems - dehydration, problems with the heart and blood vessels. The risk of stroke is also caused by climate changes.

1. If possible, it is necessary to reduce physical activity, as it dehydrates the body.
2. Movement on the street must be reduced to a minimum to prevent sun and heat stroke.
3. It is important to increase the amount of drinking water consumed. The norm for a person per day is 2-3 liters.
4. When outdoors, it is better to avoid direct sunlight.
5. If there is no chance to hide from the sun, you should wear hats or caps.
6. In the summer, you should stay indoors with a cool temperature most of the day.

Ways to minimize the greenhouse effect

It is important for humanity that global warming and the greenhouse effect do not harm. To do this, we need to get rid of the sources of greenhouse gases. This will somewhat minimize the negative impact of the greenhouse effect on the biosphere and the planet as a whole. It should be understood that one person can begin to change the life of the planet for the better, so you should not shift responsibility to other people.

1. The first thing to do is to stop deforestation.
2. You should also plant new shrubs and trees that absorb harmful carbon dioxide.
3. Transport is an integral part of the life of a modern person, but if you switch to electric vehicles, you can reduce the amount of exhaust gases. You can also use alternative modes of transport, for example, bicycles, which are safe for the atmosphere and biosphere, and for the ecology of the planet as a whole.

It is necessary to attract public attention to this problem. Every person should try to do what they can to reduce the accumulation of greenhouse gases, and, as a result, take care of the favorable climate of our planet.

The strengthening of the greenhouse effect will lead to the need for ecosystems, people and living organisms in general to adapt to climate change. Of course, the easiest way is to try to prevent the catastrophe of global warming, for example, to reduce and regulate emissions on earth.

For the further development of mankind and the preservation of the biosphere, it is important to develop methods that will reduce the negative impact on the atmosphere. To do this, today experts are studying the greenhouse effect and climate change, its various causes and consequences, developing an action plan for the world's population.

Speaking of the greenhouse effect, one immediately imagines a large greenhouse, gentle rays of the sun penetrating through the glass, bright green beds and a fairly high temperature inside, when winter still rules outside.

Speaking of the greenhouse effect, one immediately imagines a large greenhouse, gentle rays of the sun penetrating through the glass, bright green beds and a fairly high temperature inside, when winter still reigns outside. Yes, this is true; this process can most clearly be compared with what happens in a greenhouse. Only in the role of glass are greenhouse gases, which are abundant in the atmosphere; they transmit and retain heat in the lower air layers, ensuring the growth of plants and the life of people. Today, more and more often, the greenhouse effect is called an environmental term that has become a disaster. Thus, nature is crying out for help, and if nothing is done, humanity will have only 300 years left until the inevitable end of the world. It is important to understand that the greenhouse effect has always existed on Earth; without it, the normal existence of living organisms and plants is impossible, and we owe a comfortable climate to it. The problem is that harmful human activities have assumed such a scale that they can no longer pass without a trace, affecting global, irreversible changes in the environment. And in order to survive, the population of our Planet needs the same global solidarity in resolving this serious issue.

The essence of the greenhouse effect, its causes and consequences

The vital activity of mankind, the burning of millions of tons of fuel, increased energy consumption, an increase in the vehicle fleet, a significant increase in the amount of waste, production volumes, and so on, leads to an increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the earth’s atmosphere. Statistics show that over the past two hundred years, carbon dioxide in the air has increased by 25%; this has never happened in the entire geological history. Thus, a kind of gas cap is formed above the Earth, which delays the return thermal radiation, returning it back and leading to climate imbalance. As the average temperature at the Earth's surface increases, the amount of precipitation also increases. Remember that condensation always forms on the glass in a greenhouse or greenhouse; in nature, this happens in a similar way. It is impossible to accurately calculate all the disastrous consequences of this, but one thing is clear: man has started a dangerous game with nature, and we urgently need to come to our senses in order to prevent an environmental catastrophe.

The reasons causing an exacerbation of the greenhouse effect in the atmosphere include:
- economic activities that change the gas composition and cause dustiness in the lower air layers of the Earth;
- combustion of carbon-containing fuels, coal, oil and gas;
- exhaust gases from automobile engines;
- operation of thermal power plants;
- agriculture associated with excessive rotting and excess fertilizers, a significant increase in livestock numbers;
- extraction of natural resources;
- release of household and industrial waste;
- deforestation.

Surprisingly, it is a fact that air has ceased to be the renewable natural resource that it remained before the onset of intensive human activity.

Consequences of the greenhouse effect

The most dangerous consequence of the greenhouse effect is global warming, which leads to disruption of the heat balance on the Planet as a whole. Already today, each of us has experienced an average increase in temperature, phenomenal heat in the summer months and sudden thaws in the middle of winter, this is a frightening phenomenon as a consequence of global air pollution. And droughts, acid rain, hot winds, tornadoes, hurricanes and other natural disasters have become a terrible norm of life these days. Scientists' data indicate far from reassuring forecasts; every year the temperature increases by almost one degree, or even more. In this regard, tropical rainfall intensifies, the boundaries of arid territories and deserts grow, rapid melting of glaciers begins, permafrost areas disappear and taiga territories are significantly reduced. This means that harvests will sharply decrease, inhabited areas will be flooded with water, many animals will not be able to adapt to rapidly changing conditions, the level of the World Ocean will rise and the overall water-salt balance will change. Scary, but the current generation may be witnessing the fastest warming on Planet Earth. But, as world practice shows, for some parts of the world, global warming also has a positive effect, giving the opportunity to develop agriculture and cattle breeding; this insignificant benefit is lost against the backdrop of a massive negative impact. Debates are raging around the greenhouse effect, research and testing are being conducted, and people are looking for ways to reduce its harmful effects.

Modern ways to solve the problem

There is only one way out of this situation: to find a new type of fuel, or to radically change the technology for using existing types of fuel resources. Coal and oil, when burned, release 60% more carbon dioxide, a potent greenhouse gas, than any other fuel per unit of energy.

What you need to do to escape from the threat of the greenhouse effect:
- reduce consumption of fossil fuels, especially coal, oil and natural gas;
- use special filters and catalysts to remove carbon dioxide from all emissions into the atmosphere;
- increase the energy efficiency of thermal power plants through the use of hidden environmentally friendly reserves;
- increase the use of alternative energy sources, wind, sun, etc.;
- stop cutting down green spaces and establish targeted landscaping;
- stop the general pollution of the Planet.

There is now an active discussion of measures to reduce anthropogenic impact, such as regularly removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through the use of high-tech devices, liquefying it and injecting it into the waters of the World Ocean, thereby approaching natural circulation. There are ways to solve the problem, the main thing is for everyone to take on this together, the population, the government and the younger generation, and carry out a huge, but so useful, work to cleanse Mother Earth. It's time to stop the consumer attitude and start investing energy and time in your future, the bright life of the next generations, it's time to give back to nature what we regularly take from it. There is no doubt that the ingenious and enterprising humanity will cope with this very difficult and responsible task.