Tatyana Dyulger
I like Woland’s quotes, which have become popular:
1....the one who until recently believed that he was in control of something suddenly finds himself lying motionless in a wooden box, and those around him, realizing that the person lying there is no longer of any use, burn him in the oven.
2. Yes, man is mortal, but that would not be so bad. The bad thing is that he is sometimes suddenly mortal, that's the trick! And he can’t say at all what he will do this evening.
3. A brick will never fall on anyone’s head for no reason.
4....they are people like people. They love money, but this has always been the case... Humanity loves money, no matter what it is made of, whether leather, paper, bronze or gold. Well, they are frivolous... well, well... and mercy sometimes knocks on their hearts... ordinary people... in general, they resemble the old ones... the housing problem has only spoiled them...
5. I like to sit low - it’s not so dangerous to fall from low.
6. Something, your will, evil lurks in men who avoid wine, games, the company of lovely women, and table conversation. Such people are either seriously ill or secretly hate those around them. True, exceptions are possible. Among the people who sat down with me at the banquet table, I sometimes came across amazing scoundrels!
7. A fact is the most stubborn thing in the world.
8. Never ask for anything! Never and nothing, and especially among those who are stronger than you. They will offer and give everything themselves!
9. Manuscripts do not burn.
10. He who loves must share the fate of the one he loves.
11....what would your good do if evil did not exist, and what would the earth look like if shadows disappeared from it?
Yerzhan's answer.
1-2. Woland says that if there is no person, there is no problem...
3. A brick falls on a man’s head not because of mystical will, but because he was pushed by the killer, since in the novel, as a result of the investigation into the death of M.A. Berlioz, the investigators will declare it a murder.
4.People did not change at all during the time that passed after the October Revolution, but most of them ended up without housing.
5.Keep your head down - this is the meaning of existence in the USSR.
6. Woland teaches trade workers to waste their lives, advising an elderly man in a hat with a Desmoulins ribbon (a symbol of the French Revolution and courage) to indulge in the pleasures of a young rake, becoming like the last scoundrels.
7. A fact is only what Woland declares to be a fact.
8. The principle of not asking for anything, this is one of the principles of the criminal world: don’t ask for anything, don’t be afraid of anyone or anything, don’t trust anyone. All the despots in the world preached to slaves not to grumble for the sake of their peace and safety.
9. The manuscripts around Bulgakov burned endlessly. Temples were destroyed, priceless icons burned, relics were sold, brilliant people died...
11. Woland, speaking about light and shadow, deliberately distorts obvious concepts; there are no shadows without light, as we know it was light that gave birth to all life on Earth, including humans.
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When Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov wrote a novel about the Master, he hardly imagined that he was creating the most significant work of Russian literature of the twentieth century. Today, the work is deservedly included in the lists of the most read books in the world, while remaining the object of endless debate among literary scholars and philosophers.
And for website“The Master and Margarita” is simply a favorite story, full of mysteries and endless wisdom. What is needed most in our difficult times.
- Who told you that there is no true, faithful, eternal love in the world? May the liar's vile tongue be cut out!
- We speak different languages, as always, but the things we talk about do not change.
- Evil lurks in men who avoid wine, games, the company of lovely women, and table conversation. Such people are either seriously ill or secretly hate those around them.
- There are no evil people in the world, there are only unhappy people.
- These women are difficult people!
- A person without a surprise inside, in his box, is uninteresting.
- Everything will be right, the world is built on this.
- Yes, man is mortal, but that would not be so bad. The bad thing is that he is sometimes suddenly mortal, that's the trick!
- It's nice to hear that you treat your cat so politely. For some reason, cats are usually called “you,” although not a single cat has ever drunk brotherhood with anyone.
- An unhappy person is cruel and callous. And all just because good people mutilated him.
- Do you judge by the suit? Never do this. You can make a mistake, and a very big one at that.
- Never ask for anything! Never and nothing, and especially among those who are stronger than you. They will offer and give everything themselves.
- He who loves must share the fate of the one he loves.
- For mercy... Would I allow myself to pour vodka for the lady? This is pure alcohol!
- The second freshness is nonsense! There is only one freshness - the first, and it is also the last. And if the sturgeon is second freshness, then this means that it is rotten!
- It is easy and pleasant to speak the truth.
- Why pursue in the footsteps of what is already over?
- - Dostoevsky died.
- I protest, Dostoevsky is immortal! - And fact is the most stubborn thing in the world.
- All theories are worth one another. Among them there is one according to which everyone will be given according to their faith. May it come true!
- What country's wine do you prefer at this time of day?
- My drama is that I live with someone I don’t love, but I consider it unworthy to ruin his life.
- - Cowardice is one of the most terrible human vices.
- No, I dare to object to you. Cowardice is the most terrible human vice. - Never be afraid of anything. This is unreasonable.
- The most terrible anger is the anger of powerlessness.
- What would your good do if evil did not exist, and what would the earth look like if shadows disappeared from it?
- Understand that the tongue can hide the truth, but the eyes can never!
- People are like people. They love money, but this has always been the case... Humanity loves money, no matter what it is made of, whether leather, paper, bronze or gold. Well, they are frivolous... well, well... and mercy sometimes knocks on their hearts... ordinary people... in general, they resemble the old ones... The housing issue only spoiled them.
- No matter what pessimists say, the earth is still absolutely beautiful, and under the moon it is simply unique.
Facts are stubborn things.
Lenin's favorite saying. The original source of the phrase is the book of the English writer Elliott “Field Culture” (1747) and “Gilles Blas” by Lesage (1734).
Falstaff.
The type of reveler, glutton and drunkard, a coward and a braggart at the same time. Character from Shakespeare's play "King Henry IV".
Ardent fanatic Buturlin,
Who, without sparing his breast,
He repeated one thing furiously:
Close the universities
And evil will be stopped.
From Nekrdsov’s poem “V. G. Belinsky" (1854). D. P. Buturlin (1790-1849) - military history writer, director of the Public Library and in the last year of his life - chairman of the committee to oversee the “spirit and direction” of printed works.
Pharaoh's cows.
Seven skinny cows devoured seven fat ones in Pharaoh's dream. The biblical legend about Joseph, who interpreted this dream to Pharaoh.
Give a sergeant major to Voltaire.
See I am Prince Gregory and you.
Ferney hermit, Ferney hermit.
Voltaire, who spent 20 years of his life in the town of Ferneuil (in the French department of Ain).
Phefela.
This is what our radical intelligentsia called the “Russian people” after the unsuccessful revolution of 1905 because they did not “consolidate” the bourgeois-democratic freedoms wrested from the autocracy. See: The people turned out to be fefela.
Fig leaf.
Symbol of modesty. According to the biblical legend about Adam and Eve, who, after the Fall, covered their nakedness with the leaves of a fig tree.
Philosopher without cucumbers.
Krylov's fable, “The Gardener and the Philosopher.”
Philosopher from Sanssouci.
Frederick II of Prussia, according to the castle of Sanssouci, his favorite residence.
The philosopher easily triumphs over future and past sorrows, and he is easily defeated by the present.
Aphorism by Kuzma Prutkov from “Fruits of Thought.”
Hegel's philosophy is the algebra of revolution.
“It unusually liberates a person and leaves no stone unturned from the Christian world, from the world of legends that has outlived itself.” A. I. Herzen, “The Past and Thoughts,” part 4, chapter 25.
Philosophy is the handmaiden of theology.
Most often quoted in Latin: Philosophia ancilla theologiae. The position of medieval scholasticism.
Philosophers have hitherto only explained the world; we need to change it.
F. Engels, Marx's Theses on L. Feuerbach (slightly modified quote).
Purple hands on an enamel wall.
“Half-asleeply they draw sounds in the ringing silence.” A tribute paid by V. Bryusov to decadence.
Weathervane, political weathervane.
See Cloudless sky.
Thomas is unfaithful, Thomas is an unbeliever.
According to the 20th chapter of the Gospel of John, the Apostle Thomas did not believe in the resurrection of Jesus until he “put his fingers into his wounds.”
Lanterns, sudari,
They burn themselves, they burn,
Did you see it or didn’t you see it?
They don't say that.
From the once very popular poem by I. P. Myatlev (1796-1844), “Lanterns”.
Lantern of Diogenes.
See Looking for a man.
France was defeated by the people's teacher.
See Prussian schoolteacher won the Battle of Sadovaya.
France is an absolute monarchy, softened (or: tempered) by songs.
Aphorism by Chamfort, French writer (1741-1794). Another text of this aphorism is given: “In France, autocratic rule, softened by songs.”
France is a great nation of shopkeepers.
Opinion of the novelist Balzac (1799-1850).
France deserves Austerlitz, and the empire deserves Waterloo.
Writer Victor Hugo, bitter enemy of Napoleon III, on his return to France after 18 years of exile. The phrase appears in his collection of poems (1853).
The Frenchman is shitting.
After the Crimean War, it was in vogue along with “The Englishwoman shits” (see this expression).
The Frenchman is a child
He jokes to you
Will destroy the throne
Will make a law.
A. V. Polezhaev, “Four Nations” (1825).
Frenchman from Bordeaux.
“Woe from Wit” by Griboyedov, act 3, scene 22, words by Chatsky.
A pound of meat.
Meaning: live meat cut from the back of a person. Quoted in the figurative sense of inexorable heavy demands, according to Shakespeare’s “The Merchant of Venice” (act 4, scene 1, Shylock’s demand for payment of the debt on the bill - in money or meat, according to the text of the obligation).
X.
Praise and slander were accepted indifferently
And don't challenge a fool.
A. S. Pushkin, “Monument” (1836), final words.
Bread and circuses.
The Roman satirist Juvenal (47-113) in the 7th satire reports the constant cry of the Roman lumpenproletariat: Panem et circenses! (literally: bread and circus games). The Spaniards translate this expression as: “bread and bullfighting.” In Russia, the expression "bread and circuses" was popularized by the minor writer Sheller-Mikhailov (1838-1900), who entitled one of his novels "Bread and Circuses".
Bread from fields cultivated by slaves.
See: Ah, strangely I was created this way.
The regiments are busy recruiting teachers
More in number, cheaper in price.
A. S. Griboyedov, “Woe from Wit”, Chatsky (act 1, scene 7.)
The bird walks happily
Along the path of disasters
Without foreseeing this
No consequences.
(?) “Winged” from the 40s of the 19th century.
Walking can be slippery
By other stones,
So, about what is close,
We'd better keep silent.
A.K. Tolstoy, “Russian History from Gostomysl” (1868, first published in 1883).
Go to Canossa.
See Canossa.
Go among the people, go among the people.
Movement among the revolutionary youth of the seventies of the last century. “Go to the people, there is your field, your life, your science. Learn from the people how to serve them and how best to conduct their business” (Bakunin’s advice). The “walk” began in 1874.
Khodynka.
A winged word born after the coronation of Nicholas II in 1896, when, thanks to the criminal laxity of the tsarist authorities, especially the Moscow police chief Vlasovsky, many thousands of people were crushed on the Khodynka field near Moscow. Synonymous with crowding and confusion.
The owner loved music.
See. But there was a different intent here.
Economic man.
“A strong master” sitting on the “cuts”, a newly-minted fist on whom P. A. Stolypin made his “bet on the strong” (see this expression).
Good attitude towards horses.
The title of a poem by V. Mayakovsky. Quoted humorously when applied to people.
A good shepherd shears his sheep, but does not skin them.
The response of the Roman Emperor Tiberius (early 1st century) to provincial governors who asked him for permission to raise taxes.
Good or nothing.
An aphorism by the composer Liszt (1811-1886), most often quoted in French form: Bien ou rien.
Sings well, dog,
Sings convincingly.
N. A. Nekrasov, “Caution”, 1, from “Songs about Free Speech” (1865).
He who laughs last laughs best.
From Act 2, Scene 9 of the comic opera “The Postman of Longjumeau” (1836) by the French composer Adolphe-Charles Adam (1803-1856).
Although the eye can see, the tooth is numb.
Krylov's fable “The Fox and the Grapes”.
Although I rarely bought books,
But I respected literature
And I even knew jokes
About Russian censorship.
N. A. Nekrasov, “A Beautiful Party” (1852).
Even though I’m skimpy, I have a constitution.
See Skewed Constitution.
Although defeated, he is still a hero.
From the poem “Saint Helen” (1831) by M. Yu. Lermontov, about Napoleon.
Even though you are the seventh, you are a fool.
Chekhov's Book of Complaints. Postscript after the remark of the station chief, who signed “Ivanov the 7th.”
If you want peace, prepare for war.
Quoted most often in Latin: Si vis pacem, para bellum. Borrowed from the 4th century Roman military writer Vegetius.
I want to be daring, I want to be brave.
Balmont.
I want what is not in the world,
What is not in the world.
Zinaida Gippius in 1901, in the concert hall of the St. Petersburg credit society, went onto the stage with wings behind her back and recited the poem from which the above lines are taken. A variant of the couplet “I need this”, see this expression.
Preserve the property for the world
High sacrifices and pure deeds.
See Russia has been given a bright destiny.
Limp on both legs.
In the sense of “stick to both sides.” From the 18th chapter of the 1st book of kings.
Chronology is the eye of history.
Expression of the English writer Samuel Johnson (1709-1784).
The worst of revolutions is restoration.
Aphorism of Charles James Fox (1749-1806), English politician.
C.
The tormentor kings,
Lovers' front,
Truths of the persecutors
Eradicate it!
From the poem by the Decembrist V. G. Kuchelbecker (1797-1846) “Oh, just God.”
Kingdom for a horse
Half a kingdom for a horse.
“Horse! Horse! My kingdom is for a horse! Shakespeare, "King Richard III", act 5, scene 4.
The kingdom of peasant narrow-mindedness.
Lenin, “Less is better” (1923).
The kingdom of science knows no limits,
Everywhere are traces of his eternal victories -
Word and deed of reason,
Strength and light.
Ya. P. Polonsky, period 1855-1860.
King Hunger.
See: There is a king in the world. One of Leonid Andreev’s plays is entitled “Tsar Hunger.”
King, remember the Athenians!
According to the Greek historian Herodotus, the Persian king Darius, having learned that the Athenians and Ionians had captured and burned the Persian city of Sardis, ordered a servant to shout out to him three times at every dinner: “King, remember the Athenians!”
Flowers are the last mile
Luxurious firstborns of the fields.
It is often, although erroneously, quoted: “to me the lush firstborn of the fields.” A. S. Pushkin, “The Last Flowers” (1825).
Caesar's madness.
This term became widespread under the title of the 1st chapter of the 8th book of the work of Johannes Scherr (1817-1886) “Blücher and his era” (1862). This chapter is dedicated to Napoleon.
Facts are stubborn things
Facts are stubborn things
The saying gained popularity after the publication (1794) of the English translation of the novel by the French writer Lesage (1668-1747) “The History of Gilles Blas” (10, 1); the translation was made by the English novelist Tobias George Smollett (1721-1771). To attribute the saying, as is sometimes done, to Lesage himself is a mistake; in the French text of the novel: "Les faits parlent!" (“The facts speak!”). Before Smollett’s translation, the proverb was already found in literature, for example, in the English writer Elliott’s book “Field Husbandry.”
Dictionary of catch words. Plutex. 2004.
See what “Facts are a stubborn thing” in other dictionaries:
From English: Facts are stubborn. From the English translation of the book by the French writer Alain Rene Lesage, “The History of Gilles Blas” (1734). So the translator of this novel, Tobias George Smollett (1721 1771), translated the famous expression of the novel Lesfaits... ... Dictionary of popular words and expressions
Adverb, number of synonyms: 1 facts cannot be refuted (1) ASIS Dictionary of Synonyms. V.N. Trishin. 2013… Dictionary of synonyms
Facts are stubborn things- wing. sl. The saying gained popularity after the publication (1794) of the English translation of the novel by the French writer Lesage (1668-1747) “The History of Gilles Blas” (10, 1); the translation was made by the English novelist Tobias George Smollett (1721... ... Universal additional practical explanatory dictionary by I. Mostitsky
facts are stubborn things- about anything that cannot be refuted. The saying gained currency after the publication (1749) of the English translation of the novel by the French writer A. R. Lesage (1668 1747) “The History of Gil Blas”; the translation was made by the English novelist T. D.... ... Phraseology Guide
As (comrade) Stalin used to say, facts are stubborn things- about facts confirming the opinion of the interlocutor... Live speech. Dictionary of colloquial expressions
Stubborn thing. Tobias Smollett Facts are considered stubborn unless they confirm someone's theory. Vladimir Kolechitsky Many people mistake their memory for intelligence, and their views for facts. Paul Masson A fact is a hardened opinion. "Murphy's Laws" Theories, in... ... Consolidated encyclopedia of aphorisms
Adverb, number of synonyms: 1 facts stubborn thing (1) Dictionary of synonyms ASIS. V.N. Trishin. 2013… Dictionary of synonyms
Arguments and facts in Ukraine Newspaper logo Type All-Ukrainian weekly Format A3 Owner CJSC Ukrainian Media Corporation ... Wikipedia
Baturina, Elena Nikolaevna Elena Nikolaevna Baturina Date of birth: March 8, 1963 (1963 03 08) (47 years old) Place of birth: Moscow Company ZAO Inteko Position President Elena Nikolaevna Batu ... Wikipedia
- “Luzhkov. Results” brochure, positioned by the author as an “independent expert report”, written in September 2009 by opposition politician, leader of the democratic Solidarity movement Boris Nemtsov. In Nemtsov’s report... ... Wikipedia
Books
- Catalog of forgeries of paintings. Part 4
- Catalog of forgeries of paintings. Part 3, . The unique catalog of the issue contains information about works of art present on the domestic art market, which for one reason or another may be classified as fakes. "One…
Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov was born on May 15, 1891 in the family of Afanasy Ivanovich Bulgakov (), a teacher at the Kyiv Theological Academy, who a few weeks before his death became an ordinary professor in the department of history of Western religions. The Bulgakovs are a provincial noble intelligent family. His father's salary was enough for a large family (the eldest, Mikhail, had two brothers and four sisters) for a comfortable existence. The situation became somewhat more complicated after the untimely death of Afanasy Ivanovich. But still, the early death of his father and the everyday hardships associated with it did not prevent the future writer from receiving a good education. He graduated from the First Alexander Gymnasium, where the children of the Russian intelligentsia of Kyiv studied. The level of teaching in the gymnasium was high, sometimes even university professors taught classes. Yes, man is mortal, but that would not be so bad. The bad thing is that he is sometimes suddenly mortal, that's the trick!
In the Bulgakov family, the main role in raising children was played by the mother, Varvara Mikhailovna, nee Pokrovskaya (), daughter of the archpriest of the Kazan Cathedral Church in the city of Karachaev, Oryol province. An energetic woman, with a strong-willed character and at the same time unusually tactful and kind, she, as they say, ran the house. From his mother, Mikhail Bulgakov inherited a love of music and books. He who loves must share the fate of the one he loves.
Bulgakov began writing very early. The first story of Svetlana's Adventures was written by him when the writer was only 7 years old, a little-known biographer of Bulgakov wrote about it. He was a passionate reader, from infancy. He read a lot, and with his exceptional memory, he remembered a lot of what he read, and absorbed everything into himself. This became his life experience. His sister Vera claimed that already at the age of 9 he had read Notre Dame by Victor Hugo.
In 1909, Mikhail Bulgakov entered the medical faculty of Kyiv University. In 1913, the future doctor married T.N. Lappa, the daughter of the manager of the Saratov Treasury Chamber. The Lappa family, pillar nobles, is already a different world, the world of the well-born aristocracy, the highest bureaucracy, where the wealth is higher and the lifestyle is somewhat different than that of the Bulgakovs. The parents of the young couple were wary of their romance, which ended in marriage only five years after they met, but then they reconciled themselves. Bulgakov and Tatyana Nikolaevna rented an apartment on Andreevsky Spusk; lived modestly. Forty-eight days ago I graduated from the faculty with honors, but the distinction is in itself, and the hernia is in itself.
In 1914, the First World War broke out, destroying the hopes of Bulgakov and millions of his peers for a peaceful and prosperous future, although the breath of war in Kyiv was not immediately felt in full. After graduating from university, Bulgakov himself worked in a field hospital, first in Kamenets-Podolsky, then in Chernivtsi. This was the time of the breakthrough of the Austrian front by the armies of General Brusilov in May - June 1916. Russian troops suffered heavy losses, Bulgakov saw the suffering of hundreds, thousands of crippled people.
In September 1916, Bulgakov was recalled from the front and sent to head the zemstvo Nikolskaya rural hospital in the Sychevsky district of the Smolensk province, and in the fall of 1917 he became the head of the infectious diseases and venereal department of the city zemstvo hospital in Vyazma. This period of life was reflected in “Notes of a Young Doctor” (1926). Documents, in particular the certificate issued to Bulgakov by the zemstvo government, indicate that he was a good doctor, during the year of work at the Nikolskaya hospital he treated more than 15 thousand patients and successfully performed many surgical operations.
On their first trip to work, or rather at night, they brought a woman in labor, and her excited husband, threatening the young doctor with a pistol, shouted: “If she dies, I’ll kill her!” The birth took place together: Tatyana found the right page in a gynecology textbook and read it, and Bulgakov followed the instructions. Everything ended well. Bulgakov then worked as a doctor in a small zemstvo hospital. Having become infected with diphtheria from a child, Bulgakov injected himself with anti-diphtheria serum. The effect was unexpected - the young doctor had a severe allergic reaction, which manifested itself as a terrible rash on the skin and unbearable itching. Bulgakov suffered all night, after which he could not stand it and asked his wife for a morphine injection. Repeated injections over the following days helped him cope with a terrible allergic reaction, but caused his body to become addicted to the drug. Among us doctors, you know, our whole life consists of anecdotes...
The February Revolution disrupted the usual world order and brought visible changes to the life of the young doctor. A few months after the October Revolution, Bulgakov was released from military service (he was listed as a second-class militia warrior and worked as a zemstvo doctor as a conscript) and returned to Kyiv, which was soon occupied by German troops. So the future writer plunged into the whirlpool of the civil war. The devastation is not in the closets, but in the heads.
In Vladikavkaz, at the very end of the year or at the beginning of 1920, Bulgakov left the army and began working in local newspapers, forever, in his own words, giving up medicine. The first story was created in the fall of th. In winter Bulgakov writes several stories and feuilletons, one of which (“Tribute of Admiration”), published in February in one of the North Caucasian newspapers, is partially preserved in Bulgakov’s archive. He wrote plays for the First Soviet Theater of Vladikavkaz. In general, plays were written in order to earn a daily piece of bread, and Bulgakov’s true skill had not yet been revealed in them.
In May 1921, the successful production of "Sons of the Mullah" gave the author of the play a sufficient amount of money to leave Vladikavkaz for Tiflis, where he hoped for more favorable conditions for literary and dramatic activities. Vladikavkaz impressions served as material for the story “Notes on Cuffs,” just as the ups and downs of Bulgakov’s biography during the Civil War were reflected in the novel “The White Guard” and the stories “The Extraordinary Adventures of the Doctor” and “On the Night of the 3rd.”
In Tiflis, and then in Batumi, Bulgakov had a real opportunity to emigrate. But he already realized then that a Russian writer should live and write in Russia. He decides to stop in Moscow, where, after a short stop in Kyiv, he arrived in September 1921. For the first two months in Moscow, Bulgakov worked as secretary of the literary department of Glavpolitprosvet. Then came the difficult months of unemployment. The writer tries to collaborate in private newspapers that arose during the NEP era, but, as a rule, went out of business very quickly, and even joined a troupe of traveling actors. The transition period from war communism to NEP turned out to be almost more difficult in the life of the country than the era of war communism itself. But as the new economic policy took hold, life became easier. Bulgakov's financial position also strengthened. Since the spring of 1922, he began to publish regularly on the pages of Moscow newspapers and magazines, as well as in the Berlin newspaper “Nakanune”. Only through suffering does truth come... This is true, rest assured! But for knowledge of the truth they do not pay any money or give rations. Sad but true.
In the story “Fatal Eggs,” created in 1924, Bulgakov moved the action to an imaginary future - to 1928, when the results of the new economic policy had already led to a sharp rise in the standard of living of the people. A great discovery that could bring benefit to all humanity turns into a tragedy when it finds itself in the hands of semi-literate, self-confident people, that new bureaucracy that flourished magnificently during the era of War Communism and strengthened its position during the NEP. In "Fatal Eggs" the unwillingness of society to accept new humanistic principles of relationships was shown; in "Heart of a Dog" the same problem is considered at the level of the individual, and it turns out that the moral consciousness of the worker is still far from meeting the requirements imposed by the new system. In the same 1924, Lyubov Evgenievna Belozerskaya became Bulgakov’s second wife.
“Heart of a Dog” and the Russian Revolution Traditionally, the story “Heart of a Dog” is interpreted in only one political key: Sharikov is an allegory of the lumpen proletariat, who unexpectedly received many rights and freedoms, but quickly discovered selfishness and the desire to destroy their own kind. However, there is another interpretation, as if this story was a political satire on the leadership of the state in the mid-s. In particular, that Sharikov - Chugunkin is Stalin (both have an “iron” second name), prof. Preobrazhensky is Lenin (who transformed the country), his assistant Doctor Bormental, who is constantly in conflict with Sharikov, is Trotsky (Bronstein), Shvonder Kamenev, assistant Zina Zinoviev, Daria Dzerzhinsky, etc.
In 1929, Bulgakov met Elena Sergeevna Shilovskaya, who became his third and last wife in 1932. By 1930, Bulgakov's works were no longer published, and his plays were removed from the theater repertoire. The plays “Running”, “Zoykina’s Apartment”, “Crimson Island” were banned from production; the play “Days of the Turbins” was removed from the repertoire. Then he wrote a letter to the USSR Government, dated March 28, 1930, with a request to determine his fate, either to give him the right to emigrate, or to provide him with the opportunity to work at the Moscow Art Theater. On April 18, 1930, Bulgakov received a call from I. Stalin, who recommended that the playwright apply to enroll him in the Moscow Art Theater. From 1930 to 1936 he worked at the Moscow Art Theater as an assistant director. In 1932, the play “Dead Souls” by Nikolai Gogol, staged by Bulgakov, was staged on the stage of the Moscow Art Theater. The writer will always be in opposition to politics as long as politics itself is in opposition to culture.
After a conversation with Stalin, Bulgakov received a livelihood and the opportunity to create - but during his lifetime he could not make his creations public domain. After an attempt to publish his novel “The Life of Monsieur de Molière” ended in failure in 1933, Bulgakov no longer tried to publish his works until his death on March 10, 1940. His life's work was working on the novel "The Master and Margarita", which lasted almost twelve years, and for the last year and a half - the already terminally ill writer, who realized that he would no longer be able to see the novel published. But Bulgakov believed that the time would come when what he had created would be necessary for his compatriots... Having created his great work - “The Master and Margarita”, where the declared ideal at the same time turns out to be both heavenly unattainable and real to the point of tangibility, Bulgakov gave new impetus to the movement of Russian literature into its search for moral truth.
The novel “The Master and Margarita” was dedicated to the writer’s beloved Elena Sergeevna Nuremberg. This was his last love and his strongest, it brought a lot of suffering and happiness to both. By the time they met, they already had families that had to be destroyed in order to forever unite their destinies by marriage. Bulgakov began writing The Master and Margarita in 1929, and seven years earlier he was given Alexander Chayanov's book Venediktov, or Memorable Events of My Life. Its main characters were Satan and a student named Bulgakov, who fights with him for the soul of the woman he loves, and in the end the lovers are united. According to the writer’s second wife Lyubov Belozerskaya, Chayanov’s story served as a creative impetus for writing the novel “The Master and Margarita.” Who said that there is no true, eternal Love in the world? May the liar's vile tongue be cut out!
Bulgakov's Woland received his name from Goethe's Mephistopheles. In the poem "Faust" it sounds only once, when Mephistopheles asks the evil spirits to part and give him way: "The nobleman Woland is coming!" In ancient German literature, the devil was called by another name: Faland. It also appears in “The Master and Margarita”, when the variety show employees cannot remember the name of the magician: “... Maybe Faland?” The first edition of the work contained a detailed description (15 handwritten pages) of Woland's signs when he first appears under the guise of a "stranger". This description is now almost completely lost. What would your good do if evil did not exist, and what would the earth look like if shadows disappeared from it?
Prototype of Behemoth The famous assistant Woland had a real prototype, only in life he was not a cat at all, but a black dog of Mikhail Afanasyevich named Behemoth. This dog was very smart. Once, when Bulgakov was celebrating the New Year with his wife, after the chimes, his dog barked 12 times, although no one taught it this. “Dostoevsky died,” said the citizen, but somehow not very confidently. “I protest,” Behemoth exclaimed hotly. - Dostoevsky is immortal!
Since February 1940, friends and relatives were constantly on duty at M. Bulgakov’s bedside. On March 10, 1940, Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov died. On March 11, a civil memorial service took place in the building of the Union of Soviet Writers. Before the funeral service, Moscow sculptor S. D. Merkurov removed the death mask from M. Bulgakov’s face. M. Bulgakov was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery. At his grave, at the request of his widow E. S. Bulgakova, a stone was installed, nicknamed “Golgotha,” which previously lay on the grave of N. V. Gogol. It's not like anything lasts forever.
