Each person has the skill to adapt to the current situation, but everyone does it in their own way. There are many options for behavior. A psychological portrait of a personality is an example of how, using a description of a person’s character traits, one can predict his actions and reactions. This is extremely useful when applying for jobs, applying to educational institutions, etc.

Over time, it turned out that she was really called Sh. And her name was suitable to say that he had aristocratic roots. In one trial, however, the secretary was considered to have no connection with the services and a psychological expert said he may have delusions.

Krzysztof Kwiatkowski stated that in one of the first years of high school he entered the Association of Socialist Youth of Poland, quoting a letter to Kaczynski, the author of the book, but Kaczynski did not change his mind. Pisa's longtime driver Tadeusz Kopczynski met a similar fate.

A psychological portrait of a personality is an example of a qualitative textual interpretation of a person’s characteristics. Its compilation is one of the most difficult and important tasks of modern psychology.

Drawing up a psychological portrait - why is it necessary?

A psychological portrait of a child helps educators and teachers find an individual approach to each student. Identifying the characteristic features of each child will allow you to competently build the process of development and upbringing.

He interrupted the most important meetings to return his phone. He didn't want her to worry about something happening to him. The priority for both Kaczynski brothers was her health, with which she almost always had problems. Contrary to popular belief, he reaches alcohol every day at least as often as the average person. He likes beer, he also likes wine and sometimes whiskey. A few weeks after Jaroslaw Kaczynski became prime minister, the post was lost by the head of the Office of State Protection, Colonel Damian Jakubowski.

A psychological portrait of a person is often drawn up when applying for a job. With its help, managers will be better able to organize the activities of personnel in the company, increase the efficiency and success of each team member.

Psychological portraits of criminals differ from the characteristics of law-abiding citizens, since they are characterized by emotional and volitional deformations, criminal motives and negative social interests. The problem of the identity of fraudsters and murderers is central to criminology and other sciences that are related to crime. Psychological portraits of criminals help the investigator understand the motives for the unlawful act committed.

Officially, there were no reasons for his departure. Lech Kaczynski summoned the head of his defense to Krzysztof Olszowicz and sent him to Loliborz. Krzyseik got into the car, bombed on the roof and shot. It turned out that this was not good for her mother and she needed to be taken to Shamir Hospital.

Olshovets complained to the president, he called his brother, and Yakubovsky cut off his head. They were always very close, and after graduation their paths diverged a little. Lech went to work in Tri-City. If he had been in Warsaw, his life would probably have been different. He asked his colleagues to order post-mortem cosmetic surgery. He also decided to transfer his brother's body from the Russian coffin. He put three very personal items into the new twin, but he didn't betray what they were.

There are as many individuals as there are people, because each person is an individual. Let us briefly consider the main components that make up the psychological portrait of a person.

Temperament

Observing people in different situations, you can always notice differences in their behavior and lifestyle. This is determined by the temperament of the person under observation. Thus, temperament is one of the main factors on which a psychological portrait is built.

When the idea came to bury the president in Wawel, Jaroslaw Kaczynski objected. “I want Leszek to be closer,” his colleagues said. Ultimately, however, he considered Krakow a worthy place for his brother's burial, and in Warsaw Poazkoy he created a symbolic tomb, which he often visited.

Of the two brothers, Lech wanted to go to parties with friends more. In memory of his friends, the day of Lech Walesa's election as president is especially memorable. The girls dance on the editor’s desk, and Yaroslav wears a bowler hat with the words “Sex instructor.”

Modern psychology understands “temperament” as the characteristics of the nervous system and psyche of an individual. This is not only the rhythm, tempo and intensity of the psychological process, but also its content. Temperament is the biological foundation of personality. These characteristics are inherited, which makes them difficult to change. A psychological portrait of a person should reflect the main features of a person’s temperament: the style of his behavior, methods that help him organize his activities, and so on.

The first lesson is free -. His mother said in an interview that she is a musicologist. Opposite was the girl's father. She later got married, gave birth to another man, and became a professor. Over the years, Yaroslav spoke about it lightly and without emotion, but Mrs. Jadwiga told me that the president, despite his appearance, was sensitive and affectionate.

And it was a great love that ended in a painful separation,” says Jaroslaw Kaczynski’s longtime collaborator in the book. In conversations with friends, he was surprised to find a family, limiting the time needed to deal with party matters. He initially agreed, but the day before the program he resigned. The pants convinced him to go to the studio. In the evening, Peace Elbbieta Jakubiak and Joanna Klyuzik-Rostowska entered his house. There's nothing to talk about here.

Based on certain psychological principles, you can find your own approach to the carrier of each of the four types of temperament.

Sanguine

Motto: trust, but verify!

The advantages of this type of temperament are cheerfulness, sociability, enthusiasm and responsiveness, and the disadvantages are scatteredness, over-sociability, frivolity, a tendency to arrogance, superficiality and unreliability. The psychological portrait of a person marked “sanguine” is as follows: the individual is always happy to promise something so as not to offend the applicant, but he does not always keep his word, so you should check whether he fulfilled his promise.

Defensive personality, behavior outside the rules, increased conformity. Daniel David, founder of the Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. Babesha-Bolaia, is trying to rebuild the work of Motru - “Psychology of the Romanian People”. Using international psychological tests adapted to the Romanian population, Daniel David found, among other things, that the main characteristic of the Romans is distrust of people, and that concern for the welfare of others does not extend beyond the family.

How and why we came to this. The psychological profile of the surface is in some not fully developed segments, not expressing the potential that we have. From a psychocultural point of view, Romanians seek social power, but hypocritically, according to a collectivist culture in which it is bad to want to be out of control, they hide this desire under the guise of modesty and sacrifice for others.

Choleric

Motto: not a moment of peace!

The principle of communicating with a choleric person is based on the use of his advantages: enthusiasm, mobility, energy, passion and determination. At the same time, it neutralizes the disadvantages of this type of temperament: aggressiveness, intolerance, lack of self-control, and conflict. A psychological portrait with the characteristic “choleric” should suggest that a person should always be busy with some kind of activity. Otherwise, he will direct all his energy and activity to the team and can disintegrate it from the inside.

The use of power is then carried out in a feminine paradigm characterized by discussion and consensus-seeking. Quantitative culture is characterized by distrust of foreigners, distrust of the Romans, reinforced by a low level of self-determination and civic spirit, as we have already said, generalized in chronic distrust, including acquaintances. Romanian culture promotes heterodification, at the expense of self-determination and pragmatism, to the detriment of civic spirit.

Romanians have a repressive and avoidant cultural style that makes them defensive. Romanians score lower on values such as universalism, benevolence, hedonism, stimulation, and self-determination, but it seems that in order to make a good impression they can claim to place value on these values.

Phlegmatic person

Motto: Don't rush!

Among the strengths of a phlegmatic person are constancy, patience, activity, stability, reliability and self-control. The disadvantages are indifference, dryness, slowness and “thick skin.” The psychological portrait of a person marked “phlegmatic” means that he cannot work if time is in short supply, since he needs his own individual pace: there is no need to push him, he will draw up a work schedule himself and do everything on time.

It is very interesting that in the Romans universalism is secondary to benevolence, meaning that concern for the welfare of others does not exceed the family domain in the Romans and sometimes peaks for the people they know. This shows egoistic individualism, which is not contrary to collectivism, but can be justified in very specific forms; against collectivism - benevolent and universalistic individualism.

But Romans have high scores in achievement, power and conformity. Interestingly, assessments of tradition and security today are at an average level. Perhaps tradition is now seen as a necessity, something the Romans are willing to give up if it no longer brings any benefit, or if something else is better.

Melancholic

Motto: do no harm!

The psychological portrait marked “melancholic” is as follows: the strengths of the personality are gentleness, the ability to sympathize, humanity, high sensitivity and goodwill. The disadvantages of this type of temperament are suspiciousness, shyness, low performance, isolation, daydreaming and vulnerability. Never shout at a melancholic person, do not put pressure on him, do not give harsh and harsh instructions, as this person is extremely sensitive to intonation and is too vulnerable.

Autonomy has an interesting status for the Romans. When assessed as an opinion, the Romans consider themselves autonomous like the Americans and the Turks; Chinese, Germans and Spanish feel the most autonomous, while Russians and Ukrainians feel the least autonomous. When assessed as an attitude, the autonomy of Romanians is lower.

The relationship of the Romans with religion is very interesting. Indeed, Romanians have high levels of religiosity and consider religion very important in their lives. Although they are very confident in scientific development, if science collides with religion, 2% of Romanians choose religion. How can we be?

It is very difficult to find an individual who would fully meet a certain temperament; usually one of them is dominant.

Intelligence

Intelligence is a system of mental processes that ensures the implementation of an individual’s ability to assess the current situation, make decisions and regulate their behavior in accordance with this. As a rule, intelligence is important if the situation is non-standard - as a symbol of the individual’s learning everything new.

This big disagreement is that the socio-cultural environment in the country does not allow us to express and benefit from the potential that we have in the surface psychological profile; Romans often have to go to countries that are prosperous and thrive on the good potential they have.

How we think we are and why we think so. Personality is seen as positive, humorous, compensating for more negative behaviors, which we contextualize by defining them not as stable, but as situational. A subcategory of this point 3 relates to how others think we are. This approach mainly generates heterostereotypes towards the Romans. There are few rigorous studies of this kind with reference to the Romans. Interestingly, part of the lack of consciousness in the heterostereotypes of the Romans is also recognized in the autostereotypes of the Romanians.

Jean Piaget, a psychologist from France, called interaction with the outside world through adaptation to it one of the most important functions of the intellect. Or, in other words, the ability to navigate conditions and rationally structure one’s behavior.

The core of intelligence is a person’s ability to identify basic properties in a situation and structure his behavior in accordance with them. The Soviet psychologist S. L. Rubinstein in his works considered this category as a type of personality behavior - “smart behavior”.

Another subcategory of this point relates to how we think others are. Since Romanians see others: the Chinese are patriots, honest, workers, smart; The Germans are workers, honest, smart. The Romans prefer the British, Americans and French, then the Germans, and then the Hungarians and Russians.

How we want to be. It enters a vicious circle that keeps us in a defensive state. The good news is that while Romanians are "seen" as "not as they are", they are "seen" as "as they can be". This is why, in the case of the Romans, there is a great chance for development and evolution towards an ideal psychocultural model. What should this ideal psychocultural model look like? Simply put, to create intelligent, creative, socially adaptable citizens with extensive declarative and procedural baggage with a personality that supports prosocial behavior.

Character

Character is a set of individual characteristics of a person that develop and manifest themselves in communication and activity. A psychological portrait of a person is an example of how identified character traits help determine typical behavior patterns.

Character traits are stable properties and qualities of human behavior that have become properties of the individual himself. A psychological portrait is an example of displaying the most typical and significant features of human character.

All of this can then support good mental and physical health, which will have a positive impact on increasing life expectancy and happiness. The development of this psychological component can be part of a country project, according to which Romania is not only a country that has joined the European space, but is also well integrated in this space.

Any psychological profile of people contains a dose of statistical generalization, and therefore it can only capture the modal profile and not each person within people. Psychological negative profile, characterized by the following aspects: affective instability, decreased autonomy, resistance to change, suspicion and envy, lack of discipline.

Its structure includes 4 groups of traits that express the individual’s attitude to various aspects of activity: to himself, to work, to society and the team, as well as to things.

Communication skills

Communication is an extremely delicate and subtle process of interaction between people. It is in it that each participant in the process is revealed in the most multifaceted way, therefore this characteristic is extremely important for such an interpretation of the personality as a psychological portrait.

Of course, the long-term surface profile can be learned over time into the depth profile, the psychologist explained. Analyzed in terms of classical psychological models, the psychological depth profile of the Romanian people compared to the American people is revealing as follows: Extraversion is higher in Romanians than in Americans when assessed by others, but does not differ significantly statistically when it comes to self-esteem.

The Romanian people will be happy and respected for more than 20 years. One of the findings of the study, explains psychologist Daniel David, is that when the psychological profile of the surface does not look very good, because there is a lack of potential depth of the profile, but the psychosocial context does not favor the expression of this potential way into the profile of the surface, in everyday life.

An example of the most obvious function of communication is the transfer of information: any information, content and meaning. This side of communication is called semantic, or semantic. Transmission has an impact on a person’s behavior, his actions and actions, as well as on the organization and state of his inner world.

Therefore, many Romanians perform outside the country, where the socio-cultural environment helps them express their potential in the depth profile in positive aspects at the surface level. Thus, the Romanian education system is not sufficiently supported to assess the intellectual potential of the country's youth, which is assessed once they reach the well-organized, well-organized and funded education systems in other countries, David explained.

I don't think the Romanian people in particular have any qualities or flaws. Of course, at some point we can create an image, say a painting of synthesis, which is an image of a historical moment. So, not innate, final, permanent qualities, but qualities or defects that history produces.

In general, there are informational, control, and cognitive functions of communication; in addition, there is a function of exchanging mental states and emotions.

Emotionality

Since the time of the ancient Greek thinker Plato, the entire mental life of an individual has been divided into three relatively independent units: mind, will and emotions.

If the will and mind are subordinated to a person at least to some extent, then emotions always arise regardless of our desire. This is a reflection of personal significance and assessment of situations for the process of human life in the form of feelings and experiences. This is where the subjectivity and involuntariness of emotions are manifested. The ability to manage emotions is necessary primarily for health and ambition.

What does it mean to be able to manage emotions? Most often, this statement means hiding them. It hurts, but we won’t show it, we’re ashamed, but we pretend to be indifferent, it’s offensive, but outwardly we’ll only show irritation and anger. But because a person does not show his emotions, they do not become weaker, rather, on the contrary, or take the form of defense - aggression.

Capabilities

A psychological portrait of a personality is an example of a description of a person’s internal make-up, which includes such characteristics as abilities.

In psychology, abilities are considered as a special property of a psychological system, which is expressed in a certain level of its productivity. Accuracy, stability and speed of functioning are quantitative parameters of the productivity of abilities. They are measured by solving problems of a certain degree of complexity, resolving conflicts, etc.

The degree of resolvability of contradictions between personality relationships and the characteristics of an individual is the level of abilities. The most successful option is when there is an inclination towards a certain field of activity coupled with an interest in this matter.

Abilities are divided into special and general. General ones can predetermine a tendency towards a fairly wide range of activities. They are formed by the development of intelligence and personality traits. Special acts as a socio-psychological basis for the development of craving for a certain field of activity: research, music, teaching, creative, etc.

Self-esteem

Self-esteem expresses a certain emotional and value-based attitude towards oneself, which a person has developed on the basis of self-knowledge. A psychological portrait is an example of how a person’s self-esteem affects all areas of life, because it involves assessing one’s own abilities, actions, goals, qualities and capabilities, as well as one’s place in society. It can be overestimated, underestimated and adequate.

Focus

Motivation for activity and behavior, satisfaction of needs - all this underlies the orientation of the individual (on a task, on oneself or on communication).

Someone may be satisfied only with ensuring safety and satisfying physiological needs. And for others, in addition to this, it is no less important to satisfy social needs, the need for self-expression, and also to realize their creative abilities. The main task of a manager and psychologist is to identify the needs, beliefs and interests of each individual and determine the direction of his motives.

Psychological portrait of personality writing example

Alexander B., a young man of 25 years old, agreed to become a test subject for drawing up a psychological portrait of a personality. He has a higher education in management and currently works as a sales representative for one of the commercial companies in Novosibirsk. The psychological portrait was compiled after several conversations with Alexander and his colleagues and testing with Cattell’s 16-factor personality questionnaire. Psychological portrait of personality sample analysis of a person's character.

Alexander is tall and has a normal build. Has the ability for prolonged physical exertion. According to him, he really likes to walk with fast, wide steps, which may be due to professional necessity. All his movements are well coordinated, fast and accurate.

Alexander’s facial expressions can be called somewhat monotonous, but at the same time quite expressive, always corresponding to his experiences. He has a relaxed smile. Gesticulation, like his other movements, is more expressive and more animated than facial expressions. All his movements are very simple and natural. One of Alexander’s favorite gestures is the “conducting” gesture. He likes to lower his hand down, beat the beat with a short movement of his wrist, and stroke his head with his hand against the hair. When it comes to business, he often diligently suppresses his mental and emotional manifestations.

Alexander B. speaks very clearly and clearly, in a rather low voice, somewhat drawlingly, very clearly, expressively, with good diction. He said he took part in amateur performances at school, which had an impact on his speech and voice, but he never had the desire to pursue these activities more seriously.

He does not regularly engage in gymnastics or sports. He likes to watch different games, but rarely takes part in them. As a child, I loved games that involved risk - climbing steep, steep rocks or trees.

Strives for privacy, does not like noisy companies. Quite secretive - he prefers not to openly express his thoughts and does not show his feelings. He speaks warmly about his friends, noting that he had close friends at the institute, but now he does not often meet with them. When asked about the existence of his beloved girl, he answered that he had not yet seriously fallen in love, there were only light hobbies.

In clothing he has his own individual style, although he does not like drastic changes - rather he complements, deepens, and improves what was previously developed.

The character is close to sanguine. In short, an ideal sample for drawing up psychological portrait of personality.

According to the data obtained as a result of testing using the Cattell method, Alexander B. has the following character traits, the most developed in his personality structure: asceticism, nobility, conservatism, isolation, organization, practicality, integrity, rationalism, self-sufficiency, restraint, cooperation, patience, dedication, honesty.

Below is a psychological portrait of a personality, an example of writing.

1. Positive trends in the psychological portrait of the individual

Alexander B. has a rational and practical mind. He is always calm and reserved. He likes to think and make plans about his future life; when making these plans, career growth occupies a large place in them.

According to colleagues: Alexander is not petty, open and simple-minded, responsible and reliable. Often shows nobility in responsible and difficult life situations, shows a firm grip in business. He is distinguished by the efficiency and accuracy of the implementation of his plans. Plans, especially when it comes to work, almost always take a specific, completed form. Has patience and determination that will allow him to overcome difficulties without the support of friends or family members. Unusually tenacious, thorough, interested in details and specific procedures. Correct, stable and stable.

Alexander B. is distinguished by his activity and adventurism, and gives the impression of a courageous and decisive person, enterprising and self-confident, and an independent thinker.

He has adequate self-esteem, this is expressed in a feeling of self-confidence, the presence of self-determination, an inner core. In behavior, this is manifested in activity, the desire to expand the field of one’s activities, and the absence of fear of failure. He is not afraid to take risky steps and take initiative. He is quite independent in his views and desires. He speaks of more experienced colleagues with warmth and respect.

In relations with others, Alexander B. is dominated by the motive of cooperation and rationalism. He is happy to help colleagues at work and acquaintances. His inherent healthy pragmatism convinced him that in business, the most important thing is the end result, visible, tangible and practical. He is caring towards those closest to him and knows how to convince of the validity of his actions and actions.

2. Negative trends in the psychological portrait of the individual

Based on data on an addiction to risky games and entertainment in childhood, and a reluctance to take part in team games, we can conclude that with a commitment to freedom in choosing activities, there is no need to cooperate with other people when it comes to hobbies and activities not related to career.

Alexander takes his work seriously and thoroughly; he is inclined to do all the work from start to finish himself, not trusting others. After the work is completed, it is important for him to find out the opinions of others about what was done. We can say that Alexander needs others to recognize the value of what he has done. Otherwise, he loses confidence in the importance and necessity of what he is doing, and in this case he may even lose interest in the work. O is completely at a loss when people express dissatisfaction with him about his work.

It is very important for him to receive precise and comprehensive instructions from management - he must know exactly when and what to do. In a situation of unpredictable developments in the future, as well as if a lot of unplanned things have fallen on his head, he can easily become stressed.

Consistency in everything, thoroughness, stability of aspirations, focus on constant systematization of all accumulated experience and knowledge can become hypertrophied, and in turn lead to such an accentuation of character as pedantry.

He is constantly busy searching for the best thing in life. Captivated by ideas of self-improvement, although these ideas do not affect personal relationships, but relate mainly to his work and career growth. This could lead to a devaluation of what Alexander currently possesses.

Alexander has a desire to help others, but his actions and actions are sometimes intrusive. The desire to sacrifice oneself for the sake of others, but precisely when it is not only unnecessary, but, on the contrary, can cause harm.

Some ambition sometimes leads him to confrontation even with friends, and can lead to tension in relations with colleagues. Alexander spoke about cases when he found himself in scandalous situations, but there was no fault of his own in what happened.

Alexander B. is quite reserved when it comes to his relationships with loved ones and family members. It is difficult to create a trusting and emotionally warm atmosphere when communicating with him. He gives the impression of a person who is interested only in those areas of activity that will lead him to professional success and career growth.

3. Methods for correcting undesirable personality traits in a psychological portrait

For a person with such psychological characteristics, it can be recommended, first of all, to attend socio-psychological trainings such as, for example, team building trainings, trainings for the development of communication skills.

This will: expand the possibilities of establishing contact in various communication situations; develop skills in understanding other people, oneself, and relationships between people; activate the processes of self-knowledge and self-actualization; expand the range of your creative abilities.

From the description of a sample psychological portrait of a personality, it is clear that Alexander B. pays little attention to communication with loved ones; there is no mention of the existence of close friends or a girlfriend at the moment. It is also difficult for him to take into account the dynamics of interpersonal relationships in his behavior. In this case, we can recommend attending interpersonal relations training.

Working with a psychologist can also give good results. Alexander B.’s reluctance to talk about his relationships with loved ones, about family members, the lack of serious hobbies for people of the opposite sex suggests that in this case there may be a certain internal conflict, the resolution of which will provide energy, opportunities and desire for further development and self-actualization of the individual .

People differ from each other in their appearance (height, eye, hair and skin color, physique and other characteristics). To date, many observations have been accumulated indicating the connection between a person’s appearance and the characteristics of his character. Back in ancient times, a doctrine called physiognomy arose, which allows you to describe a person’s character, guided by his appearance: facial features, figure, posture, manners.

This system of knowledge, not without scientific validity, is still widely used in the practice of criminologists, psychiatrists, and psychologists today.

The ability to determine a person’s character by his appearance and behavior is important both in the process of work and in everyday life.

§ 1. The concept of a psychological portrait and the technique of its compilation

No one will dispute the fact that each person requires an individual approach. Otherwise, an employee working with people dooms himself to constant conflict situations. In order to understand a person, you must first study him. Only this circumstance will allow us to provide an individual approach.

An internal affairs officer is constantly forced to evaluate people using formal and informal methods. The first usually includes targeted observation and conversation, analysis of documents, study of biography, and testing. The second includes various intuitive methods that have developed during the historical development of society.

If in the first case the employee puts the assessment process under his control, since it occurs at the level of consciousness, then in the second, this process is carried out at the subconscious level.

An employee needs to draw up a psychological portrait of a person in order to find the most productive ways to influence the individual and successfully manage conflicts. What is a “psychological portrait”?

A psychological portrait is a set of activity-significant, characterological, typological features and personality traits.

The psychological portrait is instant and complete. The main components of an instant psychological portrait are:

nationality, age, gender, physical characteristics;
emotional states;
ideomotor acts, i.e. involuntary movements behind a thought;
signs of a subculture, i.e. habits, words inherent in any profession or team members;
signs of signals (jargon, special gestures, etc.);
tattoos;
special signs (signs of alcoholism, smoking, drug addiction):
informational signs (hairstyle, clothes, things that are carried with them, etc.).

With prolonged communication and sufficient information content, it is possible to create a complete psychological portrait. To create it you need to define:

direction;
preparedness;
character;
capabilities;
temperament;
psychophysiological characteristics;
instant psychological portrait.

It is worth recognizing that this approach is not the only one when studying humans. The approach of Yu.V. is practical. Chufarovsky. He offers personality study scheme , which allows you to draw a psychological portrait:

General data: time and place of birth, nationality, education, specialty, place and nature of work, position, marital status, place of residence, etc.
External signs:

face (a brief verbal portrait, if possible, features of the facial structure);
height;
weight and body type (thin, skinny, plump, obese, etc.);
clothes (neat, does or doesn’t follow fashion, etc.);
manners (makes a pleasant or unpleasant impression);
voice (pleasant-unpleasant, strong, nasal, etc.).

Life path:

parents;
childhood (life in the family, what kind of child, life outside the family, brothers and sisters, their relationships, etc.);
school (school specialization, favorite subjects, relationships with peers, violations of school discipline, success, evaluation of educational activities);
educational institutions (reasons for admission, successes, acquired knowledge, abilities, skills, characteristic events at 16–19 years old);
work activity and service in the army (nature of work and service, attitude towards work and service, position among other people, satisfaction, influence of work activity on the individual);
family life (presence of children, with whom he currently lives).

Life spheres:

family (relationship between spouses, was in one marriage or several, attitude towards children, parents, etc.);
profession and specialty (motives for choosing a profession and work, job satisfaction, promotion at work, social status at work, etc.);
political and social activity (active-inactive, how much time spends on social activities, etc.);
spending free time (sports, gambling, cinema, theater, drinking with friends, etc.);
health (general health, attitude towards one’s health, presence of diseases).

Behavior:

prevailing mood: even, elated, depressed;
reaction to difficulties: confusion, energy, indifference;
features of the manifestation of emotions and feelings (excited easily, moderately, quickly; suppresses irritation easily, with difficulty; experiences failures noticeably or imperceptibly, for a long time or a short time; remembers grievances for a long time or a short time; gets upset over little things, doesn’t get upset, etc.);
manifestation of will (independent-non-independent, disciplined-undisciplined, decisive-indecisive, brave-cowardly, etc.);
behavior in a difficult situation (remains calm, gets lost, maintains logic and prudence in speech and actions - loses them, etc.);
behavior while intoxicated (calm, aggressive, loses control, withdraws into himself, becomes sociable, secludes himself; drinks a lot, moderately, little, drinks a lot and doesn’t get drunk);
moral behavior (compliance with moral standards, honesty and truthfulness. Manifestation of courage in difficult relationships with elders and equals).

Temperament and character.

a) temperament:

sociability (sociable, unsociable, uncommunicative, withdrawn; shy-unshy; cautious-decisive; shows a tendency to lead or does not show);
emotionality (calm-irritable, calm-vulnerable, restrained-excitable, pessimistic-optimistic).

b) character:

character traits that express attitudes towards people (kindness, responsiveness, demandingness, arrogance, etc.); labor (hard work, conscientiousness, laziness, responsibility, etc.); things (neatness, sloppiness, etc.), oneself (vanity, ambition, pride, pride, conceit, modesty, etc.);
dominant character traits (cardinal, primary, secondary).

Motivation of behavior:

dominant needs (physiological needs, needs for self-preservation, belonging to a social group, respect for one’s personality, self-expression);
values and attitudes:

a) personal assessments (focus on self-improvement, helping other people, certain activities, meeting one’s needs);

b) social values (focus on socially accepted moral norms, customs, mores);

c) material assets (money, things, property);

d) political values (attitude towards democracy, political parties, way of life in the country, personal political views);

e) ideological values (worldview, belief in God, attitude towards other religions and believers, etc.);

interests (hobbies and hobbies, breadth of interests, degree of stability of interests);
ideals (the presence of an ideal: a person, an idea, a human act, a literary character, etc.).

Social adaptation:

social environment (relationships with acquaintances and friends, degree of recognition from others, degree of connection with relatives);
the perception of the social situation is based on a real assessment of the situation; logical-illogicality prevails in actions, adapts to the situation quickly or slowly;
self-esteem (real or unrealistic assessment of one’s social role, attitude to others’ opinions about one’s capabilities, level of aspirations, self-confidence or self-doubt).

Capabilities:

general abilities (smoothness or fluency of speech, level of manipulation with numbers, richness of imagination, ease of memorization).
special abilities (organizational, pedagogical, etc.); the ability to meet, influence people, completeness of generalizations, the ability to understand people.

Collection of information and assessment of personality based on the above scheme is carried out during communications. In the process of communication, people exchange knowledge and experience, convey various information to each other, achieve mutual understanding, common experiences, achieve commonality of actions and intentions, a certain unity in relation to facts, events, ideas, other people and themselves.

Personality assessment during communication is usually made on the basis of expectation and empathy, which operate mainly on a subconscious level.

Expectation(expectation) consists in the subconscious formation of an evaluative judgment about a person. The observer often correctly imagines that the observed wants to do something. There is a kind of anticipation of the behavior of the observed person. This ability appears in people as a result of long-term communication with each other. Practice has established that persons who are constantly in communication unmistakably anticipate each other’s behavior.

Empathy- This is the ability to feel the experiences of another person. The process of empathy is usually not consciously realized. Empathy gives people the ability to recognize many of each other's unspoken or hidden intentions. A person’s ability to empathize, like any other predisposition, depends on specific inclinations and appropriate upbringing. Indirectly, empathy allows us to judge how soft or stern the interlocutor is, calm or constantly tense, confident or unsure of himself, etc. Empathy influences another person through gestures, external and internal speech.

The process of personality assessment begins with the first impression, which is basically the general perception of the object. Some people, in the conditions of initial contact, engage in classification, trying to classify the interlocutor as a type of person familiar to them; others make up the overall emotional impression; still others base their idea of the other’s inner world on the external manifestations of personality and at the same time pay attention either to the content of the partner’s speech or to notice his involuntary reactions; the fourth believe their first impression so much that they never want to give it up; fifths believe exclusively in their own “reading” of a person, in contrast to those who assume that others can also understand something about a person, etc. Thus, the first impression is practically not differentiated; it is usually not expressed verbally and is localized at the sensory level. Naturally, the first impression is fraught with the possibility of error, which is associated with a number of factors. Sources of errors include the following:

Opinions of others. It is recommended to use information from others after forming your own opinion about the property. Otherwise, it is very easy to fall into subjectivism, caused by a superficial, stereotyped judgment about a person.
Gallo effect. You liked what you perceived, you evaluate it in terms of “pleasant”, but if you didn’t like it, you evaluate it in terms of “unpleasant”. This general assessment applies to almost any personality trait. As a rule, the gall effect tends to blur the details of the impression and form an overall assessment of the object. This phenomenon prompts the observer to structure some stable image.
The leniency effect. Most people take a favorable approach to assessing a stranger; many tend not to notice his obvious shortcomings. However, there are people who prefer to doubt the positive qualities of the object of observation. Sometimes this results in a strategy: until a person proves his integrity, he cannot be considered as such. When we encounter an overly pronounced effect of leniency, we can quite reasonably assume that errors in assessing the object are a consequence of mental deviations in the observer.
Stereotypes. If the observed person differs from the observer in some characteristic way, then this difference, striking the eye, evokes in the latter strictly defined standard images-stereotypes. Firstly, these will be ethnic and group stereotypes, then clichés associated with appearance, as well as patterns relating to physical impairment, voice and speech characteristics, expressive movements (gait, facial expressions, gestures). Knowledge of perception stereotypes and taking them into account when communicating with representatives of different cultures greatly contribute to reducing errors in interpreting behavior. One of the reasons for the error is that we expect a very specific behavior from a certain person.
Mental state. A person in a good mood evaluates everyone around him mainly in bright colors, and he himself arouses their sympathy. A person who is depressed, on the contrary, not only sees everything in gray, but also causes hostility towards himself. Therefore, the mental state of both the observer and the observed can be a source of errors in personality assessment.
Dominant need. It makes a person especially sensitive to the object of his need: the hunter sees the animal better, the berry grower sees the berry better. It should be noted that the stronger the need, the more often substitution may occur in these situations.
Defense Mechanisms:

a) projection. Its essence is to endow reality with qualities that are not inherent in it. When a person feels that he is suspected of something, he will unconsciously blame others for the suspicion;
b) suppression or repression into the subconscious - a psychological defense mechanism in which active forgetting of mental material occurs;
c) reactive formation. The acceptance by a person of feelings and actions that are opposite to those that were repressed with a directly opposite strategy of action;
d) denial. Expressed in an unconscious refusal to admit the existence of individual factors;
e) replacement - replacing an unattainable goal with another goal;
e) sublimation. A type of repression that relieves tension in a conflict situation by transforming instinctive forms of the psyche into more acceptable ones for the individual and society;
g) rationalization. Convincing reasons to justify your behavior.

Simplification. The first impression is usually incomplete. Man is very complex, so many people tend to simplify their perceptions. People sometimes draw conclusions based on a single fact. This property depends on the individual characteristics of people.

All of the above sources of errors are found in the activities of police officers. It is necessary, at least briefly, to consider the reasons for errors in perception and assessment of personality:

1) personality characteristics of the perceived;

2) unintentional or intentional influence of the perceived on the perceiver;

3) personality traits of the perceiver.

The individual psychological characteristics of those perceived correlate with the degree of openness of the individual. People are perceived differently. Some are open to perception, and it’s always easy to make a first impression about them. Others are closed and it is often difficult to say anything definite about them. Conventionally, there are several types of people.

There is a category of people who are tightly hidden under their “shell” of personality, which makes it very difficult to access their inner experiences. They may be intellectual, shy, narrow-minded, etc., but it is not easy to guess. Others always suspect something, are alarmed by something. They expect trouble from everywhere, which makes them constantly tense and hostile to everything. Still others are constantly on the move, their inner world is hidden behind a chain of actions and operations. They subjectively feel their superiority over others and are proud of it.

When a person realizes that he is being watched, he immediately tries to use various tricks to appear the way he wants to be perceived. Visually, this is expressed in distortion or substitution of expressive movements (facial expressions, gestures, etc.). It should be noted that deception can be intentional or unintentional.

The face, body, hands, voice and speech of the object, which are indicators of its external reactions, seem to elude our attention. Meanwhile, the face generates facial movements, weakening or strengthening them with the corresponding expression of the eyes. The body, having appropriate forms, taking characteristic poses, produces a favorable or unfavorable impression. Certain hand gestures evoke in us a feeling of sympathy or antipathy towards a person. The voice with its inherent range of sound frequencies, resonance, tempo and other factors creates an attractive or repulsive sensation in us. Finally, speech that reflects the level of intelligence causes us to admire, be surprised or disappointed in the person being studied.

Research by psychologists directs us to the study of nonverbal communications - expressive reactions of the face, eye movements, body movements, posture, gait, gestures, voice, speech.

It seems that an internal affairs officer should have as much information as possible about the personality traits of the people with whom he has to work.

Drawing up a psychological portrait

A psychological portrait is a personality described in psychological terms. In practical psychology, drawing up a psychological portrait may be required in a number of situations, for example:

Although a psychological portrait is described in psychological terms, this is usually done in understandable terms - so that the consumer understands it, so that there is no ambiguity in the descriptions.

A psychological portrait should be drawn up by a fairly experienced psychologist, because this requires deep knowledge and the ability to analyze data (for example, the results of psychological testing). If possible, you should use all the data you can get. You shouldn't rush to conclusions. If necessary, conduct additional research (repeated psychodiagnostics).

The genre of psychological portrait itself presupposes almost complete freedom of presentation. However, this freedom should not be abused. It is advisable to limit yourself to dry but understandable formulations and present the material in a systematic manner. If some data is of interest to the customer, but it is not available, then you can say so directly.

The facts presented in a psychological portrait may have varying degrees of reliability. First, it is better to describe reliable facts (which, at least for a psychologist, do not raise doubts).

It is necessary to distinguish between a psychological portrait and a psychological profile. The latter concept is used mainly to convey significant information about the client’s personality to another specialist who can understand the formal data. A psychological portrait is not a formalized characteristic; its task is to show the individual uniqueness of a person. If the reader of the psychological portrait does not have such an understanding, if he cannot rely on this new knowledge to predict the behavior of the person being described, such a psychological portrait should be considered unsuitable.

What psychological concepts can you rely on when drawing up a portrait? All these concepts (or parameters) can be divided into four categories (although this division is quite arbitrary):

Man as an individual is something that is quite closely related to natural characteristics:

- age,

– constitution,

– temperament,

– diseases and pathologies,

– emotional orientation, etc.

At the same time, in our psychological portrait we not only state, say, gender or age, but also describe various kinds of deviations, interesting points related to gender or age: how a person relates to his gender role, his sexual activity, mental age, etc. d.

In general, we do this with all parameters: we not only state, but also pay attention to characteristic deviations, individual uniqueness, creatively connecting them together.

A person as a person is something that influences, that is connected with the interpersonal communication of this person, his social role:

– interests,

– inclinations,

– character (attitude to certain aspects of existence),

– sociability,

– sincerity,

– conflict,

– loyalty,

– participation in certain social groups,

– preferred social roles,

– leadership qualities, etc.

A person as a subject (of activity) is those qualities that influence activities (educational, work, play and others):

– intellectual abilities,

– rationality (reason, reasonableness),

– creative abilities,

– other abilities,

- strong-willed characteristics,

- habitual ways of making decisions,

– motivation and self-motivation,

- attention,

– features of thinking,

– features of speech,

- imagination and imagination

– communicative competence,

– professional experience,

– professional plans and prospects,

– other general and professional competencies, etc.

A person as an individual – all other qualities that do not fall into other categories:

– self-concept and self-esteem,

– level of self-control,

- personal biography,

– characteristics of behavior,

– characteristic features of the picture of the world,

– prejudices,

– beliefs and values,

– life strategy and current goals,

– intrapersonal conflicts,

– complexes (a jumble of ideas),

– personal achievements, etc.

A psychological portrait is a complex psychological characteristic of a person, containing a description of his internal makeup and possible actions in certain significant circumstances. In fact, the psychological portrait has similarities with portraits of skilled artists. The latter tried to convey not so much an external correspondence as an internal one; they tried, with the help of facial expressions and posture, to give the viewer a hint about what kind of person is depicted on the canvas.

Therefore, if you want to create a psychological portrait (of yourself or another person), then in many ways you are similar to an artist or writer. It is necessary to collect certain information, carefully analyze it and draw appropriate conclusions about the inner world.

Why do you need to create a psychological portrait?

It plays a significant role in choosing a profession. Especially if you don’t know which university to go to or what job to get. As you know, if a person is disposed for a specific activity and is sufficiently motivated, he will achieve great success.
Helps to better understand a person and his emotions by analyzing behavior, facial expressions, gestures and speech. It teaches this globally.
Detect lies. If you have created a psychological profile of a person's personality, you will be able to notice when he behaves incongruently - that is, when his body language contradicts his words.
If you are a businessman, a portrait will help you understand what your typical client is like. This will allow you to make the right strategic and tactical decisions.

Drawing up a psychological portrait is not a task for a couple of minutes. It takes a lot of time, patience and there are pitfalls. However, if you are serious, you can master this technique in a few weeks. You can start with your friends or famous personalities.

How to make a psychological portrait

There are several different ways to create a psychological portrait. One of the most popular and at the same time effective is through the analysis of personality traits.

There are ten basic personality traits:

character;
temperament;
motivation;
capabilities;
emotionality;
intelligence;
ability to communicate;
strong-willed qualities;
level of self-control;
self-esteem.

Let's look at each separately.

Temperament. This personality trait is the most important for drawing up a psychological portrait (and the most noticeable manifestation), because in general it reflects the work of the psyche - inhibited or more active. Some people are slow, calm, calm - their emotional states change very rarely. Others are impulsive, quick, and prone to violent emotional reactions. As a rule, it is enough to watch a person for a relatively short amount of time in order to almost accurately determine what type of temperament he has.

The following classification of temperaments is considered canonical:

Phlegmatic: calm, unhurried, outwardly stingy in showing emotions, has a stable mood.
Choleric: impetuous, fast and at the same time unbalanced. His mood rapidly changes and emotional outbursts occur.
Melancholic: prone to constantly worrying and chewing on the events of his life and reacts sharply to external factors. He is emotionally vulnerable and highly impressionable.
Sanguine: hot, lively, agile, with a quick reaction to all events happening around him. If he is motivated, he is quite productive, but he cannot overcome himself if the work seems uninteresting and boring to him.

Character. This is a set of stable individual personality characteristics.

There are four groups of character traits:

Attitude to work: accuracy, hard work, conscientiousness, creativity, initiative, laziness, dishonesty, passivity.
Attitude towards other people: sensitivity and responsiveness, sociability, respect for other people, callousness, isolation, rudeness.
Attitude to things: thrifty or careless attitude, neatness or sloppiness.
Attitude towards oneself: self-criticism, modesty, self-esteem, selfishness, arrogance, vanity.

Motivation. This is a psychophysiological process that controls human behavior, setting its activity, direction, stability and organization.

Every person must have a motive for something - a generalized image of material or ideal objects that are valuable to him.

It is also important to know whether the person you are making a portrait of is intrinsically or extrinsically motivated.

Capabilities. These are personality traits that are conditions for the successful implementation of a certain type of activity. They do not come down to skills, abilities and knowledge, but rather to the depth, speed and strength of mastery of techniques and methods of activity.

There is also the concept of aptitude and talent. The first represents the motivational component of the activity. The second is a qualitative combination of abilities, given from birth or developed in childhood.

Emotionality. This is the ability of a person to reflect the content of experiences, mood, character. Also – a response to the world around us.

Emotionality is closely related to temperament. For example, choleric people change emotions with lightning speed, while phlegmatic people change their emotions very slowly, and melancholic people are prone to.

Intelligence. This is a system of mental processes that ensure the implementation of a person’s ability to assess a situation, make a decision and regulate their behavior in accordance with this.

However, this is a complex parameter. Often you may think that a person is unbearably stupid, but later you will be surprised when he shows his intelligence in another area of \u200b\u200blife. This is because there are a lot of its types: spatial, bodily-kinetic, spatial, logical-mathematical, musical, naturalistic, intrapersonal. In a word, if a person is not able to conduct a competent dialogue, this does not necessarily indicate his limitations.

Communication skills. During different interactions, a person can express himself differently due to the fact that his internal attitudes, beliefs, and also his emotional state change when, for example, a third person enters the room during a dialogue.

Therefore, the ability to communicate should be considered from different angles, taking into account a person’s internal attitudes.

Strong-willed qualities. It is the ability of a person to make decisions based on the thought process and direct his thoughts and actions in accordance with the decision made.

When drawing up a psychological portrait, you must understand whether a person knows how to make difficult decisions, whether he does not go back on his word, and how successfully he can discipline himself and be patient.

Level of self-control. This is the ability to control your emotions, thoughts and behavior. Very closely related to volitional qualities and the concept.

Simply put, you need to understand whether a person knows how to sacrifice momentary pleasures to achieve greater success in life.

Self-esteem. This is a person’s idea of the importance of his personality, activities among other people and evaluation of himself, his own qualities and feelings, advantages and disadvantages.

Self-esteem can be underestimated, overestimated and adequate, which is what you need to find out.

After you have described the person (or yourself) in detail on all points, begin drawing up a psychological portrait. This can be done using different questionnaires:

Level of subjective control by J. Rotter.
Individual typological questionnaire L.N. Sobchik.
Questionnaire by R. Cattell.
Leonhard character questionnaire.

However, you can create a psychological portrait based on your own considerations. When enough information is available, some conclusions can be drawn about how that person will react in a given situation. We wish you good luck!

Characteristics of a person, containing a description of his internal make-up and possible actions in certain significant circumstances. Unlike a psychological profile of a person, a portrait is more of a qualitative rather than a quantitative description of test data; a portrait is not a graph describing the ratio of scores for various factors, but a textual interpretation of this ratio of scores.

A complete profile reveals information about almost all aspects of life and contains the following information:

Individual habits of thinking, behavior and perception of information with the prediction of his behavior in significant contexts and situations;
Basic personal qualities and values that are relevant to him;
The emotional profile of a person - which events will affect him emotionally and which will not. What “catches” him and “swings” him emotionally. What emotional experiences is he more inclined to immerse himself in? What are his “working” emotional states?
A detailed description of a person’s picture of the world and his beliefs. What he believes in and what he doubts. Basic beliefs and prejudices that influence his daily activities and interests;
His current goals and usual ways of achieving them. What are his true goals and do they differ from the stated ones?
Habitual strategies of lying and hiding information. How does a person deceive others and whether he deceives you;
Characteristics of a person, his main and secondary properties. What he really is and how he is presented in society. His main intrapersonal conflicts and complexes, as well as how and where they manifest themselves;
Habitual ways of making decisions, learning, self-motivation and creativity. How will he behave in conflict situations?
Leading strategies for creating and maintaining personal and professional relationships;
Level of loyalty and risk factors. How loyal is he to the system in which he exists, and what needs to be done for him to leave it;
Prospects for his professional activities in the area of interest to you. Professional potential and career prospects.

Psychological portrait

The main driving force for the development of individuality is its programming properties - direction, intelligence and self-awareness. Individuality has its own internal psycho-self-awareness and self-regulation of behavior, which develop and act as organizers of behavior." I".

B. G. Ananyev represented individuality as the unity and interconnection of the properties of a person as an individual, subject of activity and personality. Based on an assessment of a person’s properties, it is possible to create a psychological portrait of a person, which includes the following components:

Components of a psychological portrait of a personality

temperament
character
capabilities
focus
emotionality
strong-willed qualities
communication skills
self-esteem
level of self-control

Development of modern psychology The word “temperament” denotes the dynamic features of the human psyche, that is, only the pace, rhythm, intensity of mental processes, but not their content. Therefore, temperament cannot be defined by the word “good” or “bad”. Temperament and language are the biological foundation of our personality; it is based on the properties of the human nervous system and depends on the structure of the human body and metabolism in the body. Temperament traits are hereditary and therefore extremely difficult to change. Temperament determines a person’s style of behavior and the methods a person uses to organize his activities. Therefore, when studying the traits of temperament, efforts should be directed not at changing them, but at understanding the characteristics of temperament in order to determine the type of human activity. With age, only a person’s position changes - from an object of education in the family, school, university, he turns into a subject of education and must actively engage in self-education. Let us briefly consider the main components that characterize the psychological portrait of a person. Observing other people, how they work, study, communicate, experience joy and sorrow, we undoubtedly pay attention to the differences in their behavior. Some are fast, impetuous, mobile, prone to violent emotional reactions, others are slow, calm, imperturbable, with imperceptibly expressed feelings, etc. The reason for such differences lies in a person’s temperament, inherent in him from birth. The founder of the doctrine of temperament is the ancient Greek physician Hippocrates (V-IV centuries BC), who believed that there are four main fluids in the human body: blood, mucus, bile and black bile. The names of temperaments, given by the names of liquids, have survived to this day: choleric, comes from the word “bile”, sanguine - from the word “blood”, phlegmatic - mucus and melancholic - black bile. Hippocrates explained the severity of a certain type of temperament in a particular person by the predominance of one or another liquid. The ability for group interaction

Types of temperaments

Sanguine

A sanguine person is the owner of a strong type of nervous system (that is, nervous processes have strength and duration), balanced, mobile (excitement is easily replaced by inhibition and vice versa). A sanguine person is characterized by an “active” type of temperament. They have a strong, balanced, mobile nervous system. This means that sanguine people have strong processes of both excitation and inhibition. They cope well with mental and emotional stress, while being balanced in their feelings and actions. And the mobility of mental processes helps them easily adapt to circumstances. Sanguine people are characterized by flexible behavior and high social adaptability. Below are the main characteristics characteristic of this type of temperament.

Carefree
Frivolous
Alive
Active
Communicative
Talkative
Workaholic
Surface
Sensitive
Talkative
Friendly
Adaptable
Bright
Impatient
Irresponsible
Fickle
Flexible
Easy
Happy

Choleric

A choleric person, like a sanguine person, easily takes on new things, but does not always complete them. In most cases, this is due to the inability to correctly distribute one’s forces. The choleric person is very fond of various changes, and, oddly enough, he will be happy with any changes: both positive and not so positive. Such reactions sometimes surprise him. The increased emotionality of choleric people leads to the fact that all their thoughts are literally “written on their faces.” You can easily tell when a choleric person is interested, when he is bored or annoyed, since a choleric person is unlikely to be able to hide his emotions. People of this type are dreamers, creative activities are very attractive to them, and they are completely immersed in creativity, and it is better not to disturb them at this moment.

has simply an endless supply of energy;
mood changes sharply and often;
there are violent outbursts of emotions;
characterized by rapid movements, impetuosity and speed;
if he takes on something, then this matter becomes very important for him, a lot of energy and passion are invested in it;
sometimes it can be difficult to shift your attention.

Phlegmatic person

Phlegmatic refers to a balanced, inert type of temperament. The inertia of mental processes means that it is difficult to unbalance such people. But if you start a phlegmatic person, you won’t be able to quickly calm him down. True, in general, such people have an even mood and react little even to strong emotional shocks.

Find the qualities that are characteristic of you in the qualities listed below.

Methodical
Attentive
Balanced
Passive
Peaceful
Slow
Pensive
Calm
Restrained
Relaxed
Inflexible
Measured
Quiet
Self-controlling
Dreamy
Loving routine work
Slow to learn
Persistent
Shy
Sad

Melancholic

Melancholic people have a weak nervous system. This means that such people have difficulty withstanding a high load and get tired quickly. They have a sensitive, vulnerable psyche.

Melancholic people are characterized by emotional instability: even a small difficulty can confuse them and cause serious worries. A melancholic person, like no other type of temperament, knows how to subtly feel the people around him and the outside world. The following qualities are characteristic only of melancholic people.