Map of China without symbols. Map of China in Russian with cities and provinces

(People's Republic of China)

General information

Geographical location. China is a huge country located in Central and East Asia. In the north, China is bordered by the Siberian steppes, and in the south by tropical jungles. In the west of the country there is a vast zone of deserts and plateaus. China's coastline extends over 4,000 kilometers and spans the Yellow Sea in the north, the East China Sea in the center, and the South China Sea in the south.

Square. The territory of China occupies 9,597,000 square meters. km.

Main cities, administrative divisions. The capital of China is Beijing. Largest cities: Shanghai (9,000 thousand people), Beijing (7,200 thousand people), Tianjin (6,200 thousand people), Hong Kong (5,500 thousand people), Shenyang (5,000 thousand people). ), Wuhan (4,000 thousand people), Guangzhou (4,000 thousand people). Administrative division of the country: 22 provinces (without Taiwan), 5 autonomous regions and 3 centrally subordinate cities.

State system

China is a "people's" republic. The highest body of state power is the National People's Congress, its permanent body is the Standing Committee. Head of State - Chairman of the People's Republic of China.

Relief. The topography of China is dominated by mountains. Large mountain ranges are directed from west to east; they divide the country into several climatic zones.

Geological structure and minerals. The country's subsoil contains reserves of iron ore, coal, oil, mercury, tungsten, tin, antimony, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium, lead, zinc, aluminum, and uranium.

Climate. Over 70% of China's territory is located in favorable climatic conditions: 26% in a temperate climate, 19% in a warm climate, 26% in a subtropical climate and 1% in a tropical climate. China is located in the monsoon zone, but only the southwestern regions are characterized by the traditional hot and humid monsoon climate. In the center of the country there is little rainfall, in the north - a little more, in the east the climate is humid compared to the western regions, where it is hot and dry most of the year. In winter, cold air masses from Siberia create anticyclones over Asia, and at the same time the prevailing winds bring almost no rain. In the north of the country, winters are full of clear days with low temperatures and humidity, but in the south, winters are moderately cold. In summer, warm and humid air from the sea collects over the eastern regions of China, where heavy rains often occur. High temperatures and humidity are observed throughout the country at this time. In the north, cold and windy winters last from December to March. In Beijing at this time the temperature does not rise above zero degrees, although it is usually dry and sunny. North of the Great Wall and in Heilongjiang, temperatures could drop to -45°C. Summer in the north lasts from May to August, temperatures can rise to +38°C and above. July and August are the rainiest months in the eastern regions, but the west of the country is a vast desert where excess humidity is never a problem. In central regions, including Shanghai, summers are hot and humid. In the south of the country, the hottest and wettest months continue from April to September. Heavy rainfall is frequent and typhoons hit the southeast coast from July to September.

Inland waters. The largest rivers in China are the Yellow River, or Yellow River (4,806 km), the Yangtze, or Chang, that is, the Long River (5,221 km), and the Xi, or Western River (2,097 km).

Soils and vegetation. There are about 25,000 plant species in China. The most typical trees are larch, cedar, oak, linden, maple, walnut, laurel, camellia, magnolia.

Animal world. In China there are tiger, wolf, fox, kulan, goitered gazelle, camel, jerboa, squirrel, lynx, sable, leopard, hare, raccoon dog, tapir, rhinoceros, lemur, panda, monkeys, birds (more than 1,000 species), many snakes .

Population and language

In terms of population (1.2 billion people), China ranks first among the countries of the world. Although population growth has slowed in recent years, the population continues to grow. China is a multinational state. In addition to the Han ethnic group, who make up more than 93% of the population, there are 54 other ethnic groups living in China. About 90% of China's extensive border areas are occupied by peoples who do not belong to the Han group. They occupy almost two-thirds of China's total area. The number of these 54 groups exceeds 1 million, and about 25 groups live in Yunnan Province. Several million Mongolians live in China, mainly along the northern borders with the Mongolian Autonomous Region, in the provinces of Gansu and Heilongjiang. About three million Tibetans currently live in their autonomous territory, Sichuan and Qinghai provinces. The Uyghurs belong to the Turkic group, live mainly in the Xinjiang province, speak the language of the Turkic group, and are Muslims. About 0.5 million Kazakhs live in China, concentrated in the Xinjiang province. There are about 75 thousand Kyrgyz in the country. The Zhuangs live in the Guanxi Autonomous Region. Other ethnic groups: Miao-Yao, I (Lolo), Munch-Jur, Hui.

Religion

Currently, the four main ancient religions of China - Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism and ancestor worship - have acquired noticeable similarities, but at the same time they have all survived.

Brief historical sketch

The oldest mentions of China date back to the time of the ruler Fu Xi, who lived 30-40 centuries BC. Supposedly the gods inspired him to write the sacred book of ancient China, the I Ching, from which stemmed the theory that the physical universe arose and developed through the alternation of yin and yang. Historical sources do not mention any rulers of China prior to the Shang (1766-1122 BC). The Shang rulers were overthrown by the Zhou dynasty, which first built its capital near modern Xi'an, and later, around 750 BC. e., fled from the barbarians who invaded the country and settled near present-day Liaoyang. In the early period of the dynasty, power was concentrated in the hands of the emperor, but later local rulers formed almost independent states. From 770 BC e. these rulers waged fierce wars with each other, and the entire period from 476 to 221. BC e. called the "Warring States". At the same time, China was attacked by barbarians from the north and northeast. Then it was decided to build huge walls to protect the territory. In the end, the main power was concentrated in the hands of Prince Qin, whose army overthrew the ruler of Zhou.

The new emperor Qin Shi Huangdi became the founder of the Qin dynasty in 221 BC. e. He was one of the most celebrated emperors in Chinese history and the first to unify the Chinese empire. After the death of Emperor Qin Shi Huang Di in 210 BC. e. A power struggle ensued between provincial governors, and the winner, Liu Bang, founded the Han Dynasty (206 BC - 220 AD). During the Han Dynasty, China's territory expanded significantly. After the fall of the Han Dynasty, 3 kingdoms - Wei, Shu and Wu - started a struggle for power. After a short time, 16 provinces entered the war. In 581 BC. e. the founder of the Sui dynasty seized power and made efforts to unify the empire. Work began with the Grand Canal, connecting the lower reaches of the Yangtze with the middle reaches of the Yellow River.

After the fall of the Sui Dynasty, during the Tang era, Chinese history flourished. It was during this period that China became the most powerful state in the world and represented the main force in East Asia. The population of Xi'an, the capital of the empire, exceeded 1 million people, culture flourished: classical painting developed, arts such as music, dance and opera were produced, magnificent ceramics were produced, and the secret of white translucent porcelain was discovered. Confucian ethics and Buddhism dominated, and there was progress in science - mainly in astronomy and geography.

Towards the end of the 9th century. invasions of neighboring peoples began on the territory of China, in addition, internal uprisings constantly broke out. In 907 the dynasty ceased to exist and was quickly replaced by five others. During this turbulent period in Chinese history, paper notes were introduced and the primitive printing press was invented. At the beginning of the 13th century. Genghis Khan invaded China. By 1223, his troops captured all the lands north of the Yellow River. The Song Dynasty ended in 1279 when Kublai Kublai took over all of China and became emperor. The Mongol Yuan dynasty established the state capital at Khanbalik, present-day Beijing. For the first time in history, all of China was ruled by outsiders, and the state became part of a vast empire that stretched to Europe and Persia in the west and encompassed the plains and steppes of Siberia in the north. The presence of foreign warriors on the lands of China and the seizure of usable land by the Mongols eventually led to the “Red Turban Rebellion” in the mid-14th century.

The Mongol Empire began to collapse after Kublai Kublai's death in 1297, and trade routes once again became insecure. Somewhat later, the Mongols were expelled from China, and the Ming dynasty reigned first in Nanjing and then in Beijing. At this time, architecture was actively developing, new crops were grown, power was concentrated at the court, and large naval expeditions were sent to Java, Sri Lanka, and even to the Persian Gulf and Africa. The Manchus were the second foreign people to invade China, but they adapted so quickly to Chinese culture that after just a few generations, few Manchus spoke their native language. The borders of the empire expanded significantly; for the first 150 years of Manchu rule, peace and prosperity reigned in the country. At the beginning of the 19th century. European ships began to appear more and more often off the coast, Tsarist Russia took possession of Siberia. Due to the Opium Wars (1839-1842), Shanghai and Nanjing fell into British hands, five ports were opened for trade, and British troops occupied Hong Kong. The Chinese were forced to import opium to support trade. In addition, the Taiping uprising (1848-1864) led by a religious fanatic who called himself the brother of Jesus Christ posed a threat to the Manchu court. He and his followers conquered a large area of ​​China and established the Heavenly Capital in Nanjing. The rebels' attempts to take control of Beijing and the weak resistance of the Manchus prompted the British and French to seek new concessions from the emperor. The result was the Beijing Agreement, which opened additional ports to foreign traders and guaranteed extraterritorial rights and other privileges to foreigners in China. Allied forces and the Manchu army defeated the Taipings, Nanjing was recaptured. But soon the war between China and Japan began (1894-1895), as a result of which China lost Korea, Taiwan and the Pescadores Islands.

In 1900, the Just Fists Society, or Boxers, invaded Beijing and attacked a neighborhood where foreigners lived. The siege lasted 50 days until an expeditionary force from seven Western nations and Japan arrived. The Boxers had to flee. The revolutionary movement in China eventually led to the fall of the Qing Dynasty in 1911. At this time, the revolutionaries in Nanjing established their own government. Sun Yat-sen was proclaimed the first president on January 1, 1912, but it was General Yuan Shikai, not he, who forced the Manchus to abdicate in 1912 and declared China a constitutional republic. Beijing was declared the capital of the state. That same year, Sun Yat-sen formed the Kuomintang party, which Yuan Shikai outlawed in 1913. Yuan tried to become emperor, but his attempt failed. After his death in 1916, Japan took advantage of internal unrest in China to seize Shandong Province and put forward the so-called “Twenty-One Demands,” which transferred power in China to the Japanese. China was forced to agree to these demands, and since then this day has been considered a day of national mourning.

In 1917, China entered World War I primarily driven by a desire to reconquer lost provinces, but China's claims were rejected at the Versailles Peace Conference. In July 1921, the Chinese Communist Party was formed in Shanghai, one of whose leaders was Mao Zedong. In 1924, the Kuomintang party, having lost the support of Western democracies, was reorganized by Sun Yat-sen under the leadership of the Soviet government. With the support of Russian communists, a revolutionary army was formed. Sun

Yat-sen died in 1925, and the national government of Guangzhou Province was headed by Chiang Kai-shek. Nationalist troops moved north, capturing province after province, and in 1927 they reached Shanghai. In April 1927, after the massacre of members of the Communist Party, a provisional nationalist government was created in Nanjing, which the Western powers recognized in 1928. Chiang Kai-shek became the country's president. For almost 10 years, Chiang Kai-shek tried to restore political unity throughout the country, but faced powerful opposition. In 1931, Japan captured Manchuria, and by 1933 troops were approaching the outskirts of Beijing.

By 1935, Mao Zedong had proclaimed himself the leader of the Chinese Communist Party. Within six months, a full-scale invasion of China by Japanese troops began, and by October 1938, the Japanese army controlled all the eastern provinces from Manchuria to Guangdong. Puppet governments were created in Beijing and Nanjing. Kuomintang troops retreated to Chongqing, and the Communists occupied Shaanxi province, leading a guerrilla war in the occupied territories. In 1945, after the defeat of the Japanese army in the Pacific region, Japanese troops in China surrendered. Chiang Kai-shek's army, with the help of the US Air Force, captured the remnants of the Japanese troops and thereby gained control over the main strategic points of the territory occupied by the Japanese. In 1949, civil war broke out in China. Resorting to the same guerrilla warfare tactics that they mastered during the occupation, the communists captured almost all of the northern lands by 1948, and took Beijing in January 1949. Chiang Kai-shek's troops fled to Taiwan.

On October 1, 1949, Mao Zedong proclaimed the formation of the People's Republic of China. The first actions of the new government were aimed at restoring the economy and creating socialist institutions. The Chinese were helped in this by the Soviet Union in accordance with the Pact of Soviet-Chinese Friendship concluded in February 1950. Soviet specialists arrived in the country, China received the equipment necessary to restore the economy. In October 1950, China entered the Korean War. At the same time, agrarian reforms were introduced in the country to ensure a more equitable distribution of land, but they were accompanied by the executions of former landowners and wealthy peasants. In addition, measures were taken against political and economic corruption. In 1953, the first Five-Year Plan was adopted, an attempt to develop the Chinese economy along the Soviet model, which emphasized the development of heavy industry. Land given to peasants under land reform was taken back during the creation of collective farms. In the 60s, a breakdown in relations between China and the USSR began. All Soviet specialists were recalled and assistance programs ceased. In 1962, the authorities were forced to transform the communes into more efficient small farms. That same year, clashes on the Indian border led to war. Two years later, an atomic bomb was exploded in China.

In 1966, the Red Guard movement began, sweeping all of China. When the uprising was pacified in 1968, Mao was back in power. In 1969, serious clashes took place between the border troops of China and the USSR on the Ussuri River. In 1971, Mao's successor Lin Biao tried to enlist the support of the army and carry out a coup, but was defeated and killed on the border with Mongolia while trying to flee to the USSR. A year later, US President Richard Nixon visited China with the aim of concluding a communiqué according to which the US recognized China's right to Taiwan as an integral part of the country. In 1976, Prime Minister Zhou Enlai died, and a short time later, radical party circles launched a violent campaign against his likely successor, Deng Xiaoping, who was removed from all posts in April. In July, China was hit by a massive earthquake in Tianyang, near Beijing, which killed at least 240,000 people and caused massive damage to one of the country's major industrial zones. Mao died in September. In 1977, Deng Xiaoping was restored to all positions and led a faction of moderates trying to move forward with economic development and reform. China began work on the “four modernization” program, which was supposed to strengthen industry, agriculture, science and defense. In 1980, there was criticism of the actions of Mao Zedong and his serious mistakes in the last years of his reign. On June 3, 1989, troops were sent to disperse student demonstrations. Hundreds of people died, thousands were arrested. Zhao Ziyang was removed from his post as General Secretary. In 1994, official controls over currency exchange were abolished in China, and the yuan gained a fixed exchange rate.

Brief Economic Sketch

China is an agricultural-industrial country. The basis of the fuel and energy base is coal. Smelting of steel, non-ferrous metals (aluminum, copper, zinc, lead, tin, antimony). Production of cement, mineral fertilizers. Diversified mechanical engineering (machine tool building, agricultural and transport engineering, tractor, auto, aircraft and shipbuilding, production of electrical power and other industrial equipment, electronic products, instruments, as well as bicycles, sewing machines, watches). The main industry is the textile industry (cotton, silk, woolen fabrics). About half of all industrial products are produced by small and handicraft enterprises. Traditional crafts (artwork made of bone, silk, enamel, varnish, porcelain and earthenware, embroidery). Crops of food (rice, wheat, sweet potatoes, potatoes), and industrial (cotton, soybeans, peanuts, tea, tobacco, jute, sugar cane, sugar beets). Vegetable growing. Fruit growing. Viticulture. Breeding cattle, pigs, sheep. Fishing, seafood production. Fish farming. Collection of wild fruits and medicinal herbs. Wood harvesting. Export: textile raw materials, products of the electronic and textile industries, mechanical engineering.

The monetary unit is the yuan.

Brief sketch of culture

Art and architecture. Three thousand years ago, there were two cultures in China, known mainly from surviving pottery and called Yangshao (“painted ceramics”) and Longshan (“unpainted ceramics”). Traces of the Yangshao culture were discovered during excavations in the village of Henan. Pottery from this period is characterized by red or black geometric designs applied to the fired piece. The development of Longshan culture took much longer; The production of ceramics was carried out using a potter's wheel, and therefore the walls of the vessels were much thinner. A distinctive feature of Longshan is the black vessels, the shape of which was reflected in the early bronzes of the Shang era. In the “era of the warring states,” lacquerware first appeared. The most famous examples of painting, sculpture, varnish and carving

from the Han Dynasty were discovered in the Han burial ground in Changsha - they are exhibited in the Changsha Museum. Towards the end of the Han Dynasty, the first examples of celadon, one of the types of Chinese porcelain, appeared. During the Tang Dynasty, a golden age of painting, music, poetry and the art of calligraphy began. Art traditions were largely preserved during the Song Dynasty. The capital of porcelain production was Jingdezhen in the north of Jiangxi province. Of the fine arts of China, calligraphy deserves special attention, which the Chinese value above almost all other forms of art. The first masters of calligraphy appeared in the period from the 3rd to the 6th centuries. n. e., their traditions survived until the Qing dynasty. Using a brush made of animal hair, dipped in ink made from the ash of a special type of wood, calligraphers wrote Chinese characters on paper with careless and graceful movements. This skill combined art and science. Chinese painting was a philosophical work, an attempt to study the meaning of nature and the place of man in it. The artists made no attempt to accurately reproduce color combinations or perspective. Each artist had a distinctive style. Chinese artists never painted from life; the result of their work reflected the inner world of the artist himself and his character.

Beijing. Among the many attractions of the capital are the Forbidden City-palace complex, which now houses a museum, the mausoleum of Mao Zedong, the Museum of the Chinese Revolution, the national gallery, the Temple of Heaven (XV century), the tombs of the emperors of the Ming dynasty, leading to them is the famous alley of animals, along which there are marble lions, elephants, camels, horses; Within the city's borders there is part of the Great Wall of China. Shanghai. Museum of Art and History with one of the best art collections in China; Museum of Natural Sciences; the mandarin garden Yu, laid out in the 16th century; the Garden of Purple Autumn Clouds, built during the Ming Dynasty; Temple of the Jadeite Buddha. Guangzhou. One of the main zoos in the country; Guangzhou Museum; Mausoleum of Sun Yat-sen; Zhenhai Pagoda, built during the Ming Dynasty; Temple of the Six Fig Trees; the oldest mosque in China, Huaiseng, founded in 627 Lhasa. Many Buddhist monasteries and temples; Patala Palace, residence of the Dalai Lama, built in the 17th century. Xi'an. Not far from this city, in Shaanxi province, is the tomb of a Qin dynasty emperor who died in 210 BC. e. Among other things, an army of 6 thousand soldiers and horses made of clay, sculpted to life size, is buried in the tomb.

Science. Qin Jiushao (13th century) - mathematician, author of the work “Nine Books on Mathematics,” which contains information on number theory and solving algebraic equations of higher degrees.

Literature. During the Song Dynasty, the first theater appeared in which actors performed their monologues on a square stage, fenced with railings on all sides. Chinese poetry has a history that has evolved over several thousand years. Early Chinese poems were included in the “Book of Songs” - “I Ching”. They were performed to the accompaniment of musical instruments. Another direction of Chinese classical poetry was founded by Jiu Yuan, who lived in the 4th century. BC e. One of the earliest works on the history of China is considered to be the “Chronicle of Spring and Autumn,” which outlines the history of the kingdom of Liu in the period from 722 to 481. BC e. Lu Xun (1881-1936) - the founder of modern Chinese literature (collections of stories are marked by the influence of A.P. Chekhov and M. Gorky; the story “The True Story of A-Q” is an image of the tragedy of the “little man”; poetry, journalism, translations).

The official name of China is the People's Republic of China. The state is located on the Pacific coast of East Asia. In terms of the number of inhabitants, it has no equal on the planet. Population: about 1.38 billion people. This is a multinational state. China occupies a large territory and has the fourth largest area on the planet. A detailed map of China gives a more complete picture of the features of the PRC.

China on the world map: geography, nature and climate

China is located in the center of East Asia. Area – 9.6 sq. km. In addition to lands on the mainland, he owns Fr. Hainan and several small islands. In the northeast there is a border with North Korea, with Russia in the northeast and in the northwest. The northern border shares China with Mongolia. Neighbors in the south are Myanmar, Vietnam, Laos, and Bhutan. In the west - Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Nepal. In the northwest is Kazakhstan.

Hydrography

Pacific seas:

• South China,
• East China,
• Yellow - washes the shores of China in the east.

China's hydro resources are enormous, and yet the country faces a shortage of fresh water. Water sources are unevenly distributed. Eastern China is crossed by two major outer rivers Yellow River, Yangtze, the source of which is in Tibet. The drainage area of ​​external reservoirs accounts for 64% of the entire territory of China.

Inland rivers flow into lakes or are lost in dry lands. The outer lakes of Poyang and Taihu are filled with fresh water. Inland - salty, the largest of them is a lake Qinghai located in the west of China. There are hundreds of salt lakes in the north and west of Tibet.

Relief

The relief of China is heterogeneous and multi-level. Mountains give way to plains, fertile lands to deserts. The Tibetan Plateau, 4 thousand km high, extends to the west.

Between Tibet and the Indo-Gangetic Plain are the Himalayas. The “Heavenly Mountains” of the Tien Shan stretch in the north. To the east are the mountains of Sichuan and Central China. At their feet lie fertile, flat terrain.

The mountainous terrain is characterized by many depressions, which people use for ranching and mining. Western mountainous regions are seismically active.

On the southeastern and southern coasts, the mountains approach the water itself and form convenient harbors.

The harsh Gobi Desert is partially located in Northern China near the border with Mongolia. The physical map of China in Russian shows the country's water resources, relief features and vegetation.

Flora and fauna

Of all Asian countries, China stands out for its richness of flora and fauna. More than 6 thousand vertebrate species of animals and fish live here. Small populations of rare animals have been preserved here, including large pandas, white dolphin, red-footed ibis.

There are 32 thousand species of higher plants growing in China. Huge areas are covered with forests. Monsoon forests grow along the Pacific coast, taiga in the northern part of the country, deciduous and mixed forests in the central part up to the Qinling Ridge, and tropical forests and savannas in the southern part, making up a quarter of the country’s biological diversity.

Some plants grow only in China, these are false larch, metasequoia, fir. The arid regions of western China are distinguished by the monotony of their flora. The predominant vegetation is grasses and shrubs.

Climate

China on the world map is located within different climatic zones: from subtropical to sharply continental. The main part falls in the temperate climate zone. In summer the air gets hot, and in winter it cools down so much that frosts often occur.

On the southern coast, the weather is determined by the monsoons. Winters are cold and almost without precipitation, summers are hot and rainy. In the northern part of the country, the temperature in winter drops to -38 0 C, in summer the average temperature is +20 0 C. In the south, the average winter temperature is -10 0 C, and in summer - 28 0 C.

More precipitation is observed in the southeast; due to low precipitation, deserts have formed in the northwest.

Map of China with cities. Administrative division of the country

Administrative units are divided into levels:

• Provincial level.
• District level.
• District (city level).
• Volost (village) level.
• Village level.

Provincial represent 5 autonomous regions(Guangxi Zhuang, Tibetan, Ningxia Hui, Xinjiang Uyghur, Inner Mongolia), 22 provinces And 4 municipalities. It also includes Hong Kong and Macau, which are considered special areas. They govern urban units at the district and city levels.

Official China considers the island of Taiwan (Catayan Republic) to be the 23rd province.

Most cities consist of a center and other settlements: smaller towns and villages. Among them there are 4 centrally subordinate cities or municipalities: Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin and Chongqing. An online map of China with cities in Russian will allow you to get acquainted with the location of settlements and create a travel route.

Beijing

The capital of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, is located in the northwest of the North China Plain. Population: 17,311,896 inhabitants. The metropolis is surrounded by mountains in the north and west, descending to the Bohai Bay of the Yellow Sea in the southwest. The climate here is dominated by a continental climate with hot, rainy summers and cold, dry winters. The average winter temperature is -6 0 C, summer - +25 0 C.

Shanghai

Shanghai is a major port of China, located in the river delta. Yangtze. Population: 24,180,000 inhabitants. Shanghai has a flat terrain. The monsoon climate reigns here: the average annual temperature is +15 0 C. Summer lasts 110 days, the temperature during this period reaches +28 0 C. The coast of the East China Sea stretches in the east of Shanghai, and the coast is washed by Hangzhouwan Bay in the south.

Tianjin

The city is located on the banks of the river. Haihe in Northern China, 96 km from the capital. It is the third largest city in China with a population of 15,470,000 inhabitants. The terrain is flat, with low rocky formations in the suburbs. Tianjin is located in a continental climate with sharp temperature changes. Seasons have clear boundaries. The average annual temperature is 12 0 C. The distance to the sea coast is 50 km.

It’s not for me to tell you that when you hear the word “China,” a huge number of different associations appear in any person’s head. Chinese fireworks, the invention of gunpowder, huge dragon dolls and much more. Everyone has their own. Ultimately, they give us the feeling of some other world, completely unknown and unique. Well, that's true.

Map of China in Russian online
(The map can be enlarged, reduced, or switched to satellite mode. Use the + and – icons to change the map scale

Geographical map of China in Russian

For a traveler, China will open up an amazing, unprecedented world. But let's take things in order.

Let's turn to the sights of China, of which there are a huge number even for a fastidious and jaded traveler.

The Great Wall of China is known to be the only human structure that can be seen from space. This is the calling card of China. Its height is from 2 to 8 meters, but its length is - think about it - 8851 km. Like a snake, it wraps itself around mountain passes, attracting the attention of tourists all over the world.

Just like the Gugong Imperial Palace, it was built between 1406-1420 and served as the residence of 24 Chinese emperors of that time from the Ming and Qing dynasties. This huge city has 9,999 separate rooms, where, along with historical buildings, antique items and even objects from everyday imperial life are preserved.

The most beautiful place in China is the Temple of Confucius, the famous ancient philosopher. It is here that the Wall of Reflected Sound rises, extremely popular among tourists, because this wall has an amazing property - it is capable of reproducing human whispers along a 64-meter perimeter.

As for nature, China's climate is determined by sharp differences and changes in atmospheric pressure during the winter and summer seasons. China occupies a fairly large part of the Asian mainland, which in winter tends to cool much faster than the nearby seas.
In general, the climate of China is monsoonal, characterized by clear changes in atmospheric pressure according to the season. But it is interesting that the country’s territory is large and within its borders one can find surprisingly diverse landscapes, be it deserts or humid subtropics.

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China's infrastructure is alive with a powerful market life and offers a huge variety of goods, be it fireworks or perfumes. It’s true that in Russia there are places where high-quality luxury perfumes are sold at http://www.aromamore.ru and, of course, it’s up to you to choose. However, it is worth noting that China’s economy is constantly on the rise, and everyone will decide for themselves where to invest.

China or the People's Republic of China is a state in East Asia. A map of China shows that the state is the third largest in the world by area. The area of ​​the country is 9,596,960 square meters. km. The country's population is 1,347,374,752 people.

Today China is one of the world's superpowers. The PRC is the largest country in terms of population; the world's third largest space and nuclear missile power; second in the world in terms of GDP. In addition, China has the world's largest army.

Today, everyone has a lot of products in their home with the “Made in China” stamp. China is the world's largest exporter of various goods and products. The country is also a leader in the production of various types of industrial products, including cars. China is often called the “factory of the world.”

The country's largest cities are Beijing (the capital), Shanghai, Hong Kong, Tianjin, Guangzhou and Wuhan. China is divided into 22 provinces, but claims authority over the 23rd province, Taiwan.

China's rapid development in the 21st century has led to the emergence of a large social gap between the poor and rich. The government of the country intends to artificially stop the growth of economic development and use all funds received to improve the lives of peasants.

Historical background

China is one of the oldest countries in the world. The approximate age of the country is about 5000 years. The history of China for many millennia was conducted according to the ruling dynasties: from 2353 BC. e. before 1911. The Republic of China existed from 1912 to 1949. In 1949, the People's Republic of China was founded. Since then, the ruling party has been the Chinese Communist Party.

Must Visit

A detailed satellite map of China is replete with various historical cities and attractions. It is recommended to visit the Great Wall of China, the Forbidden City, the Summer Residence and the Temple of Heaven in Beijing, the Terracotta Army Mausoleum in Xi'an, the Soul Refuge Temple in Hangzhou, the Garden City of Suzhou, the ancient capital of Luoyang, the Jade Buddha Temple and the skyscraper district in Shanghai, the casino in Macau, high-altitude Hong Kong and thermal springs on Hainan Island.

China is a country that is ideal for tourist travel. Coming here, it’s like you’re on another planet. The pristine nature and overpopulated megacities with their huge skyscrapers are so harmoniously combined here. Being the third largest country in the world, with a huge cultural history, the Celestial Empire is able to charm and amaze any traveler.

China on the world map

The lands of this country are located in eastern Asia, having developed a colossal territory measuring 9.6 square kilometers. In addition to the mainland, the republic owns the island province of Hainan and some small islands. The coasts of the countries face the seas: Chinese (Southern and Eastern) and from the Eastern part to the Yellow. Two great rivers, the Yellow River and the Yellow River, flow through its lands, originating in the depths of the Tibetan mountains. China has common borders with the following states: DPRK in the Northeast; Russian Federation in the North-East and North-West; Mongolia in the North; Myanmar, Vietnam, Laos, Bhutan in the South; Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Nepal in the West; Kazakhstan in the North-Western direction.

Maps of the People's Republic of China

The administrative division of the state has three levels: volosts, provinces and autonomous regions. However, in fact, China considers local government to be five-level: province, district, district, township and village

1. The province (urban district) has 22 units, the 23rd unofficially accepted by Taiwan. The provinces also include autonomous regions of 5 units and 4 municipalities.
2. District (prefecture) of a city with adjacent agricultural lands.
3. A county is a provincial rural unit. As of 2017, there were about 2,850 counties.
4. Volost. Villages and territories where national minorities live. There are about 40,000 parishes.
5. Village. It is governed by a village committee and has no role in the country's executive branch.

A detailed map of China with cities and districts will tell you how geographically they are distributed.

Physical card

Rich in beautiful places. Geographic will indicate the places that will appeal to you. Fans of mountain ranges will be amazed by the Himalayas and Tien-Shyan slopes with their amazing resorts. Mountains give way to lush plains, fertile lowlands to deserts. On the map you can see all the beauty of the relief, the location of reservoirs and flora.

Economy of the People's Republic of China

A color economic map of China with cities will tell you about the concentration of the country's manufacturing and extractive industries and the location of the main agricultural lands. It will show the largest financial centers, such as the capital of the People's Republic of China Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin. It will reveal the length of the railways, which are the pride of the country.

Political map

On this map you can take a closer look at the territorial division of the state by levels of local government and population. As well as lands disputed by the Republic with other countries for the right of ownership.

Provincial China

Map of China with provinces are impressive administrative territories. The basis of statehood and governance. Special administrative districts, cities of centralized subordination, autonomous regions, provinces, all these are the largest territories of economic importance that help the authorities competently and reliably govern the country.

The state border between our countries took its final form in 2005, after lengthy territorial disputes that ended in favor of the PRC. The total length is 4209 km, has both land and water sections on the Argun, Amur and Ussuri rivers.

If you are going to the Middle Kingdom, on a tourist or business trip, you should definitely purchase a new map of China in Russian in advance. It will help you navigate and explore this amazing country more deeply.