When did the Federal Law on Education come into force? V

The development of educational programs for preschool education is not accompanied by intermediate certifications and final certification of students. The standard should normatively provide state guarantees of equal opportunities for every child in receiving preschool education.

The new law “On Education” spells out state guarantees for “compulsory preschool education.” Clause 3. Article 5 of Chapter 1 interprets: “In the Russian Federation, universal access and freeness of preschool, primary general, basic general and secondary general education are guaranteed in accordance with federal state educational standards...”, etc.

This is not an obligation for all children to go to kindergarten, but a guarantee from the state that it undertakes obligations and formally enshrines this in law - to provide everyone with a full-fledged preschool education." The parent will decide for himself where to send his child - to kindergarten , family group, non-governmental institution or will

educate yourself. Preschool education can be carried out both in a preschool institution and in the form of family education. In accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 64 of Chapter 1, “parents (legal representatives) of minor students who ensure that their children receive preschool education in the form of family education have the right to receive methodological, psychological, pedagogical, diagnostic and advisory assistance free of charge, including in preschool educational organizations and general education organizations, if appropriate consultation centers have been created in them. Ensuring the provision of such types of assistance is carried out by state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.”

According to the new Law “On Education”, preschool education is separated from childcare and supervision. Supervision and care of children can be provided not only by educational organizations, but also by other organizations engaged in educational activities. Supervision and care of children is a set of measures for organizing meals and household services for children, ensuring their compliance with personal hygiene and daily routine.

Pre-school education is free, but childcare and supervision is subject to payment. The amount will depend on the founder of the kindergarten. At the same time, the founder is given the right not to charge fees or to reduce their size for certain categories of parents. Parental fees are not charged for the supervision and care of disabled children, orphans and children without parental care, as well as for children with tuberculosis intoxication studying in state and municipal educational organizations. At the same time, the norms for compensation of part of the parental payment remain the same: at least 20% of the average amount of parental payment for the first child, at least 50% for the second child, at least 70% of the amount of such payment for the third child and subsequent children.

The entry into force of the new Law caused the appearance of another regulatory document: in accordance with Part 2 of Article 13, the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation published the “Procedure for organizing and implementing educational activities in general education programs of preschool education.” This regulatory act establishes the rules for the organization and implementation of educational activities both for preschool organizations and for other organizations implementing preschool education programs or providing supervision and care for children.

So, dear colleagues, we are entering a new academic year with a new Law. I congratulate you on the beginning of the school year and wish you creative, fruitful success in implementing the Law for the benefit of the younger generation!

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Parents meeting “New Law “On Education”. Changes in the legislative framework of preschool institutions"

Parents' meeting New law on education. Changes to the legislative framework of preschool institutions

From January 1, 2014, paragraphs 3 and 6 of part 1 of Article 8, as well as paragraph 1 of part 1 of Article 9, come into force.

Education levels

preschool education

primary general education

basic general education

secondary general education

For the first time, preschool education is recognized as an independent level of general education, and this means it must now work in accordance with the standard. (Article 10, part 4).

Federal state educational standards are approved for all levels of general education (Article 5, Part 3, including preschool.

Education

Education and training in the interests of the individual, society and state

(EDUCATION LAW, 1992, 1996)

A single purposeful process of education and training, which is a socially significant benefit and carried out in the interests of the individual, family, society and the state, as well as the totality of acquired knowledge, skills, values, experience and competence of a certain volume and complexity for the purposes of intellectual, spiritual -moral, creative, physical and professional development of a person, satisfying his educational needs and interests.

(NEW LAW “ON EDUCATION”, 2013, CHAPTER 1, ARTICLE 2)

1. In the Russian Federation, the right of every person to education is guaranteed.

2. The right to education in the Russian Federation is guaranteed REGARDLESS of gender, race, nationality, language, origin, property, social origin, place of residence, attitude to religion, beliefs, membership in public associations (Chapter 1, Article 5, paragraph 1, 2)

The new law “On Education” spells out state guarantees for “compulsory preschool education.” Clause 3. Article 5 of Chapter 1 interprets: “In the Russian Federation, universal access and freeness of preschool, primary general, basic general and secondary general education are guaranteed in accordance with federal state educational standards...” etc.

This is not an obligation for all children to go to kindergarten, but a guarantee from the state that it undertakes obligations and formally enshrines this in law - to provide everyone with a full-fledged preschool education." The parent will decide for himself where to send his child - to kindergarten , a family group, a non-governmental institution, or will raise him independently.

Preschool education can be carried out both in a preschool institution and in the form of family education.

In accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 64 of Chapter 7, “parents (legal representatives) of minor students who ensure that their children receive preschool education in the form of family education have the right to receive methodological, psychological, pedagogical, diagnostic and advisory assistance free of charge, including in preschool educational organizations and general education organizations, if appropriate consultation centers have been created in them. Ensuring the provision of such types of assistance is carried out by state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.”

According to the new Law “On Education”, preschool education is separated from childcare and supervision. Supervision and care of children can be provided not only by educational organizations, but also by other organizations engaged in educational activities. Supervision and care of children is a set of measures for organizing meals and household services for children, ensuring their compliance with personal hygiene and daily routine. Pre-school education is free, but childcare and supervision is subject to payment. The amount will depend on the founder of the kindergarten. At the same time, the founder is given the right not to charge fees or to reduce their size for certain categories of parents. Parental fees are not charged for the supervision and care of disabled children, orphans and children without parental care, as well as for children with tuberculosis intoxication studying in state and municipal educational organizations. At the same time, the norms for compensation of part of parental fees remain the same: at least 20% of the average amount of parental fees for the first child, at least 50% for the second child, at least 70% of the amount of such fees for the third child and subsequent children

Federal State Educational Standard

On August 28, 2013, the Council of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation for Federal State Standards approved the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education (FSES DO).

Why do we need a standard?

This is a requirement of the law “On Education in the Russian Federation”, which came into force on September 1, 2013. For the first time, preschool education is recognized as an independent level of general education, and this means it must now work in accordance with the standard. FGT imposed requirements on the structure and conditions for the implementation of the main educational program, Federal State Educational Standards for Additional Education also impose requirements on the results of mastering the main educational program, and this is a fundamental innovation. One of the requirements of the standard is departure from the academic system. The child must master the ability to live in peace with himself, gain skills in individual work and group interaction through play, and learn to learn. It is in preschool age that the basic personality qualities and key social skills are formed - multiculturalism, respect for other people, commitment to democratic values, a healthy and safe lifestyle. Therefore, one of the most important tasks of preschool education is to begin the formation of a child’s self-identification in the world around him: with his family, region, country.

The standard has the following objectives

ensuring by the state equal opportunities for every child to receive quality preschool education;

Ensuring state guarantees of the level and quality of education based on the unity of mandatory requirements for the conditions for the implementation of basic educational programs, their structure and the results of their development;

Preserving the unity of the educational space of the Russian Federation regarding the level of preschool education.

On the basis of the standards, the main educational program of preschool education OOP DO is being developed, which will determine a set of basic characteristics of preschool education (volume, content and planned results in the form of targets (and not ZUNs or integrative qualities) of preschool education, organizational and pedagogical conditions of the pedagogical process. The program is approved organization independently (Article 12.6 of the Law “On Education in the Russian Federation”).

Interaction between family and preschool institution

Parents have primary responsibility for the upbringing and development of the child, whose best interests should be the primary concern of the parents.

Convention on the Rights of the Child (Article 18)

“Parents (legal representatives) of minor students (pupils) have a priority right to the education and upbringing of children over all other persons. They are obliged to lay the foundations for the physical, moral and intellectual development of the child’s personality.

(Article 44, part 1)

“State authorities and local governments, educational organizations provide assistance to parents (legal upbringing of children, protection and strengthening of their physical and mental health, development of individual abilities and the necessary correction of their developmental disorders.”

(Article 44, part 2)

For failure to fulfill or improper performance of responsibilities for raising children, parents can be held accountable for various types of legal liability:

Administrative (Article 5.35 of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses (“Failure of parents or other legal representatives of minors to fulfill obligations for the maintenance and upbringing of minors”);

Civil law (Articles 1073 – 1075 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation);

Family law (Article 69 “Deprivation of parental rights”, Article 73 “Limitation of parental rights” of the Family Code of the Russian Federation);

Criminal (Article 156 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation “Failure to fulfill obligations to raise a minor”)

For failure to fulfill or improper fulfillment of duties established by this Federal Law and other Federal Laws, parents (legal representatives) of minor students bear responsibility under the legislation of the Russian Federation. (Law on Education, Chapter 4, Article 44)

Family is happiness, love and luck.

Family means trips to the country in the summer.

Family is a holiday, family dates,

Gifts, shopping, pleasant spending.

The birth of children, the first step, the first babble,

Dreams of good things, excitement and trepidation,

Family is work, caring for each other,

Family means a lot of housework

Family is important!

Family is difficult!

And it is impossible to live happily alone!

for your attention!

Attached files:

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Article 18 Preschool education Law on Education of the Russian Federation (full text) (2015). Current in 2015 | The law is simple!

1. Parents are the first teachers. They are obliged to lay the foundations for the physical, moral and intellectual development of the child’s personality in early childhood.

Clause 2 - Lost force.

(as amended by Federal Law No. 122-FZ dated August 22, 2004)

3. To educate preschool children, protect and strengthen their physical and mental health, develop individual abilities and necessary correction of developmental disorders of these children, a network of preschool educational institutions operates to help the family.

4. Relations between a preschool educational institution and parents (legal representatives) are governed by an agreement between them, which cannot limit the rights of the parties established by law.

5. Local government bodies organize and coordinate methodological, diagnostic and advisory assistance to families raising preschool children at home.

Download Law on Education of the Russian Federation (full text) (2015) Relevant in 2015

Source www.zakonprost.ru

Law on Preschool Education

Since the beginning of the new academic year in 2013, the new Federal Law No. 273 “On Education in the Russian Federation” came into force. First of all, the amendments affected preschoolers.

Now preschool education as such is another niche in the entire education system, along with school education and university studies. The list of organizations that can provide education for preschool children is also expanding; now these are not only government institutions or municipal institutions, but also organizations that are involved in the treatment or prevention of preschool children. Both legal entities and individual entrepreneurs can also engage in preschool education.

The new law abolished the norms that previously limited the amount of monetary payment for child care and supervision. Each founder of the organization sets the fee independently, or may not set it, but you shouldn’t count on it. As they say, free cheese only comes in a mousetrap.

The law also contains the following provisions:

Parents of a child who does not go to kindergarten can receive methodological, psychological, pedagogical and other assistance;

Payment for disabled children, children left without parental care and other socially vulnerable groups;

They are not allowed to take additional funds for the maintenance of real estate of organizations, as well as the implementation of a general education program.

Most parents are primarily frightened by the fact that there is no set limit for organizations charging fees for their child’s attendance at a preschool institution. People are afraid of sky-high costs of maintenance; salaries do not grow as quickly as payments. However, so far no discontent has been identified among people.

Car repair is an expensive business. This is especially true for the repair of Volkswagen cars. Installing a windshield on a Volkswagen can sometimes cost a lot of money.

But our company will install the windshield quickly and efficiently, and at a low price.

On September 1, 2013, the new law on education in Russia comes into force Consultant Plus

Federal Law of December 29, 2012 N 273-FZ "On Education in the Russian Federation"

The law determines the levels of general education (preschool education, primary general education, basic general education, secondary general education) and levels of vocational education (secondary vocational education, higher education - bachelor's degree; higher education - specialty, master's degree; higher education - training of highly qualified personnel) . Another level of higher education is being introduced - training of highly qualified personnel, which includes training programs for scientific and pedagogical personnel, residency programs, and assistantship internship programs.

Along with the main educational programs in the field of education, there are also additional educational programs of various orientations and degrees of complexity, formed taking into account the age characteristics, interests, abilities, level of education and professional qualifications of students.

The law expands the circle of entities that have the right to conduct educational activities, including the legal possibilities for access of “non-educational” organizations to educational activities. In addition, the law contains a separate article devoted to the regulation of the legal status of individual entrepreneurs conducting educational activities.

The law now also regulates the provision of scholarships to students in vocational education institutions.

The Law contains separate norms dedicated to:

Credit-module system for organizing the educational process and a system of credit units;

Network interaction in the implementation of educational programs, including a mechanism for crediting the results of mastering individual parts of the educational program in third-party organizations;

The use of distance learning technologies in the educational process;

Training in integrated educational programs;

Educational and information resources in the educational process, etc.

The conditions for conducting experimental and innovative activities in the field of education are regulated. In addition, models of economic activity in the education sector have been updated.

From the date of entry into force of the new Law, the Law of the Russian Federation “On Education” and the Federal Law “On Higher and Postgraduate Professional Education” are recognized as no longer in force. For certain provisions of the new Law, different dates for their entry into force are established.

Simultaneously with the entry into force of the new Law, a number of by-laws adopted in accordance with it come into force. Among them, in particular:

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 15, 2013 N 706 “On approval of the Rules for the provision of paid educational services”;

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 24, 2013 N 370 “On approval of the Rules for payment for the services of experts and expert organizations and reimbursement of expenses incurred by them in connection with the accreditation examination”;

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 24, 2013 N 438 “On the state information system “Register of organizations carrying out educational activities according to educational programs with state accreditation”;

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 10, 2013 N 582 “On approval of the Rules for posting on the official website of an educational organization on the Internet and updating information about an educational organization”;

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 20, 2013 N 611 “On approval of the Rules for confirming documents on education and (or) qualifications”;

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 25, 2013 N 627 “On approval of requirements for the implementation of state control (supervision) in the field of education over the activities of educational organizations implementing educational programs containing information constituting a state secret”;

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 08.08.2013 N 678 “On approval of the nomenclature of positions for teaching staff of organizations carrying out educational activities, positions of heads of educational organizations”;

Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated March 6, 2013 N 160 “On approval of the Procedure for the creation in educational organizations implementing educational programs of higher education, scientific organizations and other organizations carrying out scientific (research) activities, laboratories carrying out scientific (research) and ( or) scientific and technical activities";

Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated March 15, 2013 N 185 “On approval of the Procedure for applying disciplinary measures to students and removing disciplinary measures from students”;

Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated April 18, 2013 N 292 “On approval of the Procedure for organizing and implementing educational activities in basic vocational training programs”;

Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated 06.06.2013 N 443 “On approval of the Procedure and cases of transfer of persons studying in educational programs of secondary vocational and higher education from paid to free education”;

Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated June 13, 2013 N 455 “On approval of the Procedure and grounds for granting academic leave to students”;

Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated June 14, 2013 N 462 “On approval of the Procedure for conducting self-examination by educational organizations”;

Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated June 14, 2013 N 464 “On approval of the Procedure for organizing and implementing educational activities in educational programs of secondary vocational education”, etc.

Date of publication on the website: 01/04/2013

Material from the site www.Consultant.ru

Other legal entities, as well as individual entrepreneurs, also have the right to carry out educational activities, including educational programs for preschool education.

If parents provide their child with preschool education in the family, then they have the right to receive methodological, psychological, pedagogical, diagnostic and advisory assistance without charging a fee, including in preschool educational organizations and general education organizations, if appropriate consultation centers have been established in them.

The preschool educational organization provides education, training, supervision, care and health improvement for children aged 2 months and older.

Law on Education: features of regulation of preschool education | Articles | Directory of the head of a preschool institution

At the end of 2012, a new Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” was adopted, which comes into force in September 2013. How does it differ from the current regulatory act? What's new in the regulation of preschool education?

The new law on education differs quite significantly from the old one. The provisions of the Russian Federation Law “On Education” concerned mainly managerial and financial-economic relations in the field of education. The Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” regulates not only these relations, but also the content of education (including establishing requirements for educational programs and standards), and also regulates in more detail the rights and responsibilities of participants in the educational process.

In accordance with the new law, education in the Russian Federation is divided into general education, vocational education, additional education and vocational training. At the same time, general education and vocational education are implemented at several levels. In particular, general education includes:

• preschool education;
• basic general education;
• secondary general education.

Thus, preschool education is now one of the levels of general education. The development of educational programs for preschool education is regulated by federal state educational standards, but is not accompanied by intermediate certifications and final certification of students.

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Article 64 Law on Education in the Russian Federation 2015 (New!). Preschool education

1. Preschool education is aimed at the formation of a general culture, the development of physical, intellectual, moral, aesthetic and personal qualities, the formation of prerequisites for educational activities, the preservation and strengthening of the health of preschool children.

2. Educational programs of preschool education are aimed at the diversified development of preschool children, taking into account their age and individual characteristics, including the achievement by preschool children of a level of development necessary and sufficient for their successful development of educational programs of primary general education, based on an individual approach to children preschool age and activities specific to preschool children. The development of educational programs of preschool education is not accompanied by intermediate certifications and final certification of students.

3. Parents (legal representatives) of minor students who ensure that their children receive preschool education in the form of family education have the right to receive methodological, psychological, pedagogical, diagnostic and advisory assistance free of charge, including in preschool educational organizations and general education organizations, if appropriate consultation centers have been created in them. Ensuring the provision of such types of assistance is carried out by state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

NEW IN THE LAW ON EDUCATION

In the conceptual apparatus

A number of new concepts have been introduced:

educational organization, organization providing training, organizations carrying out educational activities; relations in the field of education, participants in educational relations, participants in relations in the field of education; conflict of interests of a teaching worker; and others.

In preschool education

• Preschool education is becoming an independent level of education and is regulated by federal state educational standards.
• It is separated from the “supervision and care” of children, i.e. Teaching a child in kindergarten will be free, but you will have to pay for supervision and care. The fee is determined by the founder. The kindergarten will now be taught at the expense of the state, and fed at the expense of the parents. You can receive compensation from the budget for supervision and care. Its size is determined by the regions. And if someone wants free education without additional markups, welcome to short-stay groups.
• Low-income parents, by decision of the founder, may pay less or not pay at all. Disabled children, orphans and tuberculosis patients are exempt from the fee.
• Another innovation is the educational standard for preschoolers. It is not very clear why it was called a “standard” - in fact, it is more of a guideline. A kind of guiding star for parents. This standard is not for a child, but for a teacher and a parent. It corrects the excesses that have developed in recent years - the replacement of a kindergarten with an elementary school. The task of a kindergarten is not to teach counting and reading, but to prepare the child so that he wants to learn and has opportunities for socialization. The new law prohibits summative assessments for students. Simply put, if your two-year-old does not meet the standard, then there is no need to panic and hire a horde of tutors. Maybe he's a genius in something else. It is quite possible that the child is a defective prodigy, and the new law will allow him to harmoniously develop his abilities.

In the field of general secondary education

The powers of regional government bodies and local self-government bodies are being redistributed to ensure guarantees of the rights of citizens to receive publicly accessible and free preschool education. The closure of a rural school can only occur with the approval of the village assembly.

The names of types and types of educational organizations are changing. The law makes no mention of gymnasiums and lyceums. The specialization of an educational institution may be indicated in its name.

Those who live in the territory to which the school is attached have the right of priority to enroll in the first ticket offices.

Admission to schools with in-depth study of any subjects will be carried out individually in middle and high schools.

The features of education for foreigners and stateless persons, convicted persons are determined.

Individual study schedule. No, this does not mean that you can officially skip school and go to classes a couple of times a month. It is possible only if there is no other way.

An individual schedule is intended, first of all, for those who, due to circumstances, cannot regularly attend school - for example, who are seriously involved in sports or music and go to competitions. Or those who have recently changed schools - courses already completed at the old school can be re-credited, others can come for additional classes. This option is also for those who have health problems and who cannot attend school regularly.

The child’s right to high-quality inclusive education according to adapted programs is separately stated.

The concept of “safety of the school environment” has been introduced, which simplifies the filing of claims against the school due to an accident with a student.

Disciplinary measures are discussed in more detail. Students will be subject to more stringent requirements regarding discipline and academic performance, including expulsion from school, incl. and in case of failure by the student to fulfill his obligations to conscientiously master the educational program and implement the curriculum.

The summer scandals with the Unified State Exam did not teach us anything. The law does not stipulate any additional regulatory mechanisms. Of course, they are still working on this. But it looks like the class of 2014 will still be able to download the correct assignments and post the answers on the Internet.

Unified State Exam results will be valid for 4 years.

The law establishes the principle of the secular nature of education in public schools and the practice of teaching ORKSE. Religious organizations received the right to check the course program for compliance with religious teachings, as well as recommend their teachers to work in schools.

Separate articles are devoted to the status of teachers and leaders. The rights, duties and responsibilities of teachers are also regulated in more detail. As for teachers' remuneration, according to the law it cannot be lower than the average salary in the corresponding region.

A teacher must undergo course retraining every 3 years, and not once every 5 years.

In secondary vocational education

Vocational schools offering initial vocational education programs will be closed.

Educational institutions received the right to introduce integrated educational programs and provide both school and vocational education at the same time.

It is allowed to select students for creative educational institutions based on their abilities immediately after they graduate from primary school, and upon graduation, give them not only a certificate, but also a diploma of secondary vocational education.

In the field of higher education

According to the new law on education, there must be at least 800 state-funded students for every 10 thousand people aged 17 to 30 years.

Benefits for entering a university are being reduced, and instead, certain categories of benefit recipients are given the opportunity to attend preparatory courses free of charge.

It will be possible to enter a university only based on the results of the Unified State Exam, with the exception of Moscow State University, St. Petersburg State University (as well as several other federal universities), where you will have to take additional exams.

Winners and prize-winners of Olympiads are given the right to enter a university without entrance examinations. For admission “to the budget” without competition, a quota has been established for disabled children - 10% of the total number of budget places in a specific area (specialization), subject to their successful completion of entrance examinations.

Beneficiaries are also provided with priority accommodation in a student dormitory and are exempt from living expenses. For other students, the educational organization itself makes a decision on setting fees.

In military universities, the preferential right of admission, other things being equal, is given to “children of citizens undergoing military service under a contract and having a total duration of military service of twenty years or more.”

The law obliges all universities to participate in monitoring by the Ministry of Education and Science.

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For the first time, the law stipulates that preschool education is a level of general education. This event is significant: preschool education is especially important for the formation of a child’s personality and his future destiny.

A logical continuation of this decision is the adoption of federal state educational standards for preschool education. Preschool education is becoming the first level in the education system. As for concerns about the rise in the cost of education, they remain relevant only for preschool educational organizations.

The law does not guarantee a limit on the amount of parental additional payment for maintaining a kindergarten, so theoretically (if the founder makes such a decision) this could lead to its increase. It is impossible to expel a child from a preschool educational organization due to late payment by his parents (legal representatives) for supervision and care.

Conflict of interest of a teaching worker. There was no such concept in education legislation previously, although a conflict of interest existed as an objective reality.

This is a situation in which a teaching worker, when carrying out his professional activities, has a personal interest in obtaining material benefit or other advantage and which affects or may affect the proper performance of professional duties by the teaching worker due to a contradiction between his personal interest and the interests of the student, parents (legal representatives ) minor students.2. Monitoring the effectiveness of universities is becoming annual and mandatory for both public and private universities. In the fall of 2012, the Ministry of Education and Science conducted monitoring of higher education institutions for the first time.

541 state universities and 994 branches took part in it. As a result, about 30 universities and 262 branches were recognized as ineffective and in need of reorganization. 3. The results of the Unified State Exam (USE) will be valid for five years4.

The individual needs of students are taken into account. The law gives priority to inclusive education, which involves teaching children with disabilities not in a specialized, but in a regular educational institution. At the same time, they can still receive education in special institutions.

The legislator secures the student’s right to an individual study schedule and to choose subjects for the course. In accordance with the new

Preschool education for children: what to expect from the new standard

Many teachers believe that the knowledge and values ​​instilled in a child in preschool age will become the determining factors in a person’s future destiny. Preschool education plays a vital role in the formation of a future personality. Perhaps it was precisely for these reasons that when reforming the education system in the Russian Federation, the legislator paid special attention to the problems of preschool education. About how the Federal Law of December 29, 2012 No. 273-FZ “On Education in the Russian Federation” (hereinafter referred to as the law on education) showed itself over several months of its application, and what to expect from the federal state educational standard of preschool education1 (hereinafter - standard of preschool education), which comes into force on January 1, 2014, we talked with the director of the Federal State Scientific Institution "Institute of Psychological and Pedagogical Problems of Childhood" RAO, Ph.D., professor, member of the working group for the development of the standard of preschool education Tatiana Volosovets.

Before the education law came into force, preschool education was first step general education. After September 1, 2013, preschool education is classified as level general education (Article 4 of the Law on Education). How do you evaluate this innovation?

T.V.: Very good. The Education Law defined the new status of preschool education as level general education. The increasing status of preschool education is a very positive trend.

At the same time, it would be nice to improve the status of preschool teachers, including equalizing the level of salaries in preschool education and at school. This work is already underway in the regions.

Everyone knows that in Russia the problem of queues in kindergartens is very acute. According to official data, places in groups of about half a million children. How can we solve this problem?

T.V.: This problem can be solved in two ways. The first is the construction of new kindergartens. This task was set in the May (2012) presidential decrees2, and it is being carried out by the regions of Russia.

The federal budget allocated for construction 59 billionrub. The second is the development of variable organizational forms of preschool education, and this method is precisely reflected in the standard of preschool education.

In clause 2, part 3, art. 44 of the Law on Education states that parents (legal representatives) of minor students have the right to provide their child with preschool education in the family. Who in this case controls the child’s receipt of this education?

T.V.: There is no answer to this question yet. The Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, in the Action Plan to ensure the introduction of the federal state educational standard for preschool education, plans to develop Methodological recommendations “Organization of receiving methodological, psychological, pedagogical, diagnostic and advisory assistance to parents of children receiving preschool education in the form of family education” in 2014.

Many criticize the standard of preschool education for the abundance of general norms (there is no clear regulation on how to develop children; what conditions should be there for this; what is the maximum number of children allowed in a group). What is your opinion on this matter?

T.V.: The standard of preschool education is focused on the multiplicity of possible Model basic educational programs of educational institutions with recognition of differences in their psychological and pedagogical foundations, methods and forms of work, recognition of the variability of conditions and results of work of preschool educational institutions.

Everything related to education and development will be reflected in these programs. Conditions, including psychological and pedagogical, personnel, financial, material and technical, are reflected in the standard of preschool education. The maximum occupancy of groups, including in compensatory and combined groups, is established in accordance with sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations.

Previously, the amount of parental fees (fees for childcare and supervision) in state educational institutions implementing the basic general education program of preschool education was set at no more than 20% of the cost of maintaining a child (Article 52.1 of the Law of the Russian Federation of July 10, 1992 No. 3266-1 "On education"). The education law abolished the 20% limit for the specified fee and gave the founders the right to set the limit themselves.

Thus, the kindergarten fee for childcare services may increase for parents five times. What ways out of this situation do you see?

T.V.: There is only one way out - making appropriate changes to the law on education. I would like to return the wording of Art.

52.1 of the Law of the Russian Federation of July 10, 1992 No. 3266-1 “On Education”, according to which the amount of parental fees (fees for child supervision and care) in state educational institutions implementing the basic general education program of preschool education was set at no more than 20% of child support costs.

Dmitry Livanov, Minister of Education and Science of the Russian Federation:

“The accessibility and quality of preschool education is one of the significant factors when young families make decisions about whether they are ready to become parents. And in essence, preschool education is the only thing where we do not yet guarantee universal access to citizens. We must definitely solve this task."

Receiving preschool education in educational organizations can begin when children reach the age two months(Article 67 of the Law on Education). What activities will be carried out for children of this age?

T.V.: Now the authors are finalizing the Approximate Basic Educational Programs, which also reflects the system of working with children from two months to three years. Teachers and psychologists have accumulated extensive experience in the development and education of children at this age.

There were nursery groups in Soviet times, and they still function today. I don’t see any problems in developing Programs for infants and young children.

How are consultation centers created in Russia for parents (legal representatives) of minor students, ensuring that children receive preschool education in the form of family education?

T.V.: Not yet, although in paragraph 3 of Art. 64 of the Law on Education establishes the right of parents to use methodological, psychological, pedagogical, diagnostic and advisory assistance in consultation centers. The Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, in the Action Plan to ensure the introduction of the federal state educational standard for preschool education, provides for the development of “Methodological recommendations for the organization and functioning of consultation centers (organizational, economic, functional issues)” in 2014.

Article 64. Pre-school education
The commented article is not new for domestic educational legislation, since the relevant norms were contained in Art. 18 of Law No. 3266-1. Meanwhile, within the framework of the commented article, these provisions have been largely updated and supplemented with new norms.
The article is devoted to the legal regulation of preschool education. The foundations of the legal regulation of preschool education in the Russian Federation are laid down by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which in Art. 43 guarantees free and accessible preschool education in state and municipal institutions, thereby imposing on the state the obligation to ensure the implementation of this right. However, constitutional norms do not specify the content of this right and do not determine the details of the legal regulation of this area of ​​educational relations. More detailed regulation is carried out at the level of the commented Federal Law and by-laws. Thus, the strategic aspects of the development of the sphere of preschool education are laid down in the Concept of long-term socio-economic development of the Russian Federation for the period until 2020, approved by order of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 17, 2008 N 1662-r * (83). Among the priority tasks, the Concept outlines increasing the flexibility and diversity of forms of provision of services in the preschool education system, which is designed to provide support and fuller use of the educational potential of families. We also note that Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated May 7, 2012 N 599 “On measures to implement state policy in the field of education and science” * (84) set the goal of achieving one hundred percent accessibility of preschool education for children aged three by 2016 up to seven years.
Part 1 of the commented article defines the concept of preschool education. The Law of the Russian Federation “On Education” did not contain a clear definition of this concept, but established that preschool institutions are created and operate to help families in order to educate preschool children, protect and strengthen their physical and mental health, develop individual abilities and the necessary correction of developmental disorders children. The commented Federal Law specifies the goals of preschool education, naming among them: the formation of a common culture; development of physical, intellectual, moral, aesthetic and personal qualities; formation of prerequisites for educational activities; maintaining and strengthening the health of preschool children.
Thus, the emphasis is on the general developmental goal of preschool education. Preschool age is the age of accelerated physical and mental development of a child, the formation in him of general skills and abilities that predetermine his further physical, intellectual, mental development and are basic for the subsequent formation of individual developmental characteristics. The protection and promotion of health of preschool children is also important.
A fairly massive regulatory layer in the field of preschool education is the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Thus, in the Kaliningrad region, Law No. 388 of November 10, 2009 “On state support of preschool education in the Kaliningrad region” was adopted. This Law, providing for mechanisms of state support for preschool educational organizations, is aimed at developing municipal-private partnerships in the field of preschool education and regulates the forms of such partnerships, as well as measures for its financial incentives.
Subjects of the Russian Federation are implementing a large number of different regional and municipal short-term and long-term targeted programs aimed at developing a network of preschool educational institutions * (85). When developing and implementing such programs, the goals are set to increase the level of accessibility of preschool education and improve its material and technical component. Programs determine the subjects and objects of programs, volumes and sources of funding for activities within the programs. Activities may include: reconstruction and construction of buildings of preschool educational organizations; return of previously repurposed buildings of preschool institutions; creation of additional places in preschool educational institutions and groups of preschool children in general education institutions, etc.
In St. Petersburg there is a special program for the construction and reconstruction of kindergartens * (86). In some constituent entities of the Russian Federation, programs are being implemented that provide for special measures aimed at increasing the number of places in preschool educational institutions * (87). In the Saratov region, measures are being taken to return the facilities in which regional institutions are located to the existing network of preschool educational institutions * (88). It seems that the presence of regional and municipal programs aimed at developing a network of preschool institutions and provided with appropriate funding, subject to their high-quality implementation, can contribute to a speedy solution to the problem of shortage of places in preschool educational organizations and the full realization of the right of citizens to preschool education.
Some constituent entities of the Russian Federation have policy documents that define the main trends in the development of preschool education in the respective territory. Thus, in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the Concept for the development of preschool education of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) for 2011-2016 * (89) was approved, which contains an analysis of the current state of preschool education in the Republic and defines targets and a forecast component for the further development of the area under study. It should be noted that the Concept not only sets the task of increasing the number of places in preschool institutions in accordance with demographic needs, but also sets substantive target parameters for the development of this area of ​​public relations (for example, the expansion of innovative organizational and pedagogical forms of preschool education; a focus on the development of inclusive education and etc.).
Part 2 of the commented article determines the general direction of educational programs for preschool education. The content of education in a preschool educational organization is determined by the educational program of preschool education, which, according to Art. 12 of the commented law is developed, approved and implemented by an educational organization in accordance with the federal state educational standard and taking into account exemplary educational programs of preschool education.
According to the general rules enshrined in Art. 11 of the law under comment, federal state educational standards are a set of mandatory requirements for a particular level of education, including the following requirements: a) for the structure of the program; b) to the conditions for the implementation of the program; c) to the results of mastering the program. The content of education is directly determined by educational programs; for the level of preschool education - educational programs of preschool education. The state develops exemplary educational programs, which are educational and methodological documentation that defines the recommended volume and content of education at a particular level, the planned results of mastering the program, approximate conditions of educational activities, etc.
According to the commented article, educational programs of preschool education are aimed at the diversified development of preschool children, taking into account their age and individual characteristics, including their achievement of the level of development necessary and sufficient for the successful development of educational programs of primary general education. At the same time, educational programs of preschool education are built on the basis of an individual approach to preschool children and types of activities specific to preschool children. The development of educational programs of preschool education is not accompanied by intermediate certifications and final certification of students.
Currently, the federal state educational standard for preschool education is being developed. In addition, the issue of the procedure for developing approximate basic general education programs, conducting their examination and maintaining their register is under development. Obviously, before the implementation of the federal state educational standard and the formation of a register of exemplary basic general education programs, the implementation of educational programs for preschool education should be guided by the Federal state requirements for the conditions for the implementation of the basic general education program of preschool education (approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated July 20, 2011. N 2151), as well as Federal state requirements for the structure of the basic general education program of preschool education (approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated November 23, 2009 N 655). It should be borne in mind that the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation has developed Methodological Recommendations on the development of the basic general educational program for preschool education (letter dated October 21, 2010 N 03-248), an approximate basic general educational program for preschool education “Success” (letter from the Ministry of Education and Science RF dated July 22, 2010 N 03-13).
Thus, the commented Federal Law provides for a standardized approach to training in preschool educational organizations, which, taking into account the independence of the development of the educational program of preschool education, makes it possible to adapt training to the individual characteristics and needs of students, and also mediates the pedagogical autonomy of educational organizations.
Part 3 of the commented article establishes the right of parents of minors receiving preschool education in the form of family education to receive methodological, psychological, pedagogical, diagnostic and advisory assistance without charging a fee. According to the Law, such assistance can be provided, including in consultation centers operating at preschool and general education organizations, but the creation of special consultation centers is not excluded. Federal law entrusts the provision of these types of assistance to the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
This is a new power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of preschool education, provided for by the commented Federal Law. The introduction of this power will require its consolidation in the relevant regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. In addition, in order to avoid the declarative nature of these norms, the constituent entities of the Russian Federation must provide financial support for the exercise of this power. We also note that the full functioning of consultation centers in preschool educational organizations and general education organizations requires regulation in the regulations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation of the legal status of such centers and the mechanisms of their interaction with parents.
In some constituent entities of the Russian Federation at the municipal level, there is a practice of regulating the issue of organizing free methodological, diagnostic and advisory assistance to parents who ensure that their children receive preschool education in the form of family education. This is due to the fact that previous education legislation provided for the authority of local governments to organize and coordinate such assistance to families raising preschool children at home. Thus, in the Astrakhan region, the administration of the municipal formation “Limansky District”, by resolution No. 324 dated March 22, 2011, approved the Regulations on the organization of methodological, diagnostic, and advisory assistance to families raising children at home. The regulation provides that the organization of such assistance is carried out on the basis of a preschool institution through the integration of the activities of specialists from such a preschool institution (teacher, psychologist, speech therapist, social teacher and other specialists), who conduct group and individual classes with parents raising children at home (lectures, consultations , seminars for parents, etc.).
The practice of creating consultation centers for parents with preschool children is common in many European countries. For example, in Finland there are free kindergartens with free attendance, located in the municipal department. In such kindergartens, parents take care of their children themselves and can receive advice on care and education. In Denmark, Article 11 of the Consolidation Act On Social Services, 2007 obliges local administrations to create conditions for citizens to receive preschool education services, including organizing free consultation centers in which families and parents can receive qualified assistance in solving any problems related to the upbringing and care of children, including on an anonymous basis.

In 2018, changes were made that help improve the quality of education and the comfort level of students. The adoption of this bill is aimed at providing citizens with a sufficient number of places in kindergartens. This issue is quite acute today, since due to the impossibility of enrolling a son or daughter in a preschool, thousands of Russian women cannot start working and raise the material level of their family.

Law on Preschool Education 2018

The adoption of the law involves making a number of changes to the previously existing bill. The latest changes will help make preschool education more accessible and convenient for both children and their parents.

The law provides for resolving basic issues related to:

• sending children to preschool institutions,
• the right to receive certain services,
• actions in case of lack of space in the selected garden.

KEEP THIS FOR YOURSELF SO YOU DON'T LOSE:

The magazines “Directory of the Head of a Preschool Institution” and “Directory of the Senior Educator of a Preschool Institution” published important materials for heads of preschool educational institutions:

Knowing all the intricacies of the new bill will help parents quickly navigate controversial situations and know the procedure for successfully resolving them. The innovations also affected the procedure, the age of registration of children in kindergarten and the possibility of obtaining a place in the institution on a preferential basis. Educators will also be able to learn about their rights to provide a certain range of educational and educational services. The bill is aimed at correcting shortcomings in the preschool education system with the aim of generally improving the functioning of this area.

Law on preschool education

This bill regulates all the intricacies of the work of kindergartens - from the selection of groups to the features of educational programs. The law provides the right to receive free preschool education to absolutely all children, regardless of their place of residence and registration in the country.

Previously, only 40 percent of preschoolers received places in kindergartens. Today it happens that the heads of preschool institutions refuse to accept the child into kindergarten. Acceptance law on education of preschool institutions regulates this issue. Until recently, it was easier to design a place in the garden from the age of three. At the same time, it is extremely difficult to decide on a nursery. Gradually, this situation will be resolved by introducing new places for children from one and a half years old on a paid basis.

Since 2018, kindergarten must accept all children from the age of three to seven, if there are unoccupied places in the preschool institution.

Features that the law on the education of preschool institutions takes into account

In 2018, the bill was amended to regulate the following issues.

1. The total number of permanent groups in gardens will be reduced by 1.5 times.
2. Parents will have the opportunity to send their children to schools that operate exclusively on an educational basis, absolutely free of charge.
3. Special counseling centers will begin operating. In them, families who need support will be able to receive psychological, pedagogical and advisory assistance.
4. Kindergartens receive the right (and not exclusively the obligation) to provide care, supervision and education for children in the institution.
5. The law provides for compensation for fees in the amount of 20 percent for the first child, 50 for the second, 70 for the third and all subsequent ones. Mandatory payment for services is regulated depending on pricing in the market in full.
6. Kindergartens receive the right to refuse to provide places for children aged one and a half, two, three years and older in the event of their absence.
7. Parents of pupils have the right to wait in line for a free place in another preschool institution.

Law on preschool education provides for the possibility in the future of obtaining the right for families of children to invite educators to the home for one-and-a-half-year-old pupils. It is planned to create preschool groups at schools, as well as to increase the number of private kindergartens.

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Who will receive preferential tuition in a preschool institution?

Innovations in the legislation provide for the design of a place in the garden without the need for the next person to get in line.

1. Orphans, adopted children, as well as those who are under guardianship or left without parental care.
2. For pupils whose families suffered due to the Chernobyl disaster.
3. Children whose parents are orphans or are without parental care at the age of 18-23 years.
4. For pupils whose parents are employees of the prosecutor's office, the Investigative Committee or the police.
5. Disabled parents, single mothers, large families, children of kindergarten workers, children with a brother or sister studying at this institution can also receive registration without a queue.
6. Children whose parents serve in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

When exactly will children be able to register for kindergarten?

Provides for the right to children from three to seven years old to study in preschool institutions free of charge. The opportunity to enroll in kindergarten directly depends on the availability of places in the chosen institution. The workload and admission of children into groups is carried out taking into account the internal regulations of a particular children's organization.

Actions in case of lack of space for children in preschool educational institutions

Law on Preschool Education 2018 allows the child’s family to write a special application for the purpose of registering the child in another kindergarten. If a parent is denied admission to his children, he can write a complaint to the city education department. This application must be considered and an appropriate decision made.

If in this department the parents receive a refusal to register their child in a preschool institution, they can go to the prosecutor’s office or write a letter to the President to get help in resolving the controversial situation.

• Innovations that provide for amendments to legislation guarantee significant changes in the field of preschool education.
• By reducing the number of children in groups, it becomes possible to provide an individual approach to each child, reducing the burden on teachers.
• Certain categories of citizens will have the opportunity to send their children to kindergarten without having to stand in line to get a place.
• Law on preschool education regulates the age of admission to kindergarten, as well as the need for reform in nurseries.

Changes in legislation guarantee an increase in commercial kindergartens, which will certainly have enough places for all pupils. Parents will not have to wait in line for years to go to work and provide quality care for their baby.

Compliance with the rules and regulations provided for by current legislation is guaranteed in both public and private kindergartens. The bill regulates the basic standards of preschool education, which all institutions must adhere to.

For parents with a small child, the issue of entering kindergarten and receiving preschool education is relevant. In kindergarten, the child receives an initial basic level of knowledge, is socialized and prepared for subsequent schooling.

There is a list of categories of institutions for preschool education:

• General educational institution;
• Institution for correction of development of children with disabilities;
• Combined educational institution;
• Special center for enhanced development;
• Kindergarten with supervision and child health improvement.

It should be remembered that the number of places in such institutions is limited and you can send a child to the junior group from two months, and to the first grade from 7 years.

General provisions

There is no separate law on the admission of children to kindergarten, but information about this area is formalized in the Federal Law on Education. Federal Law 273 was adopted by the State Duma on December 21, 2012, and approved by the Federation Council on December 26, 2012. The last changes to it were made on December 29, 2017. Preschool education is formalized in chapter number 7, article 64.

Read about Federal Law No. 152

According to Article 64 of the law described, preschool education is only the initial stage in personal development. During training in preschool education, the cultural, personal, physical, aesthetic, moral and intellectual components of the personality are formed. Kindergarten teachers prepare minors for future studies at school and other educational institutions, help strengthen the child’s health and develop him comprehensively.

Specially designed programs help to individually approach the education of each child, taking into account the characteristics of his character, helping to form new qualities or change bad habits or traits. Preschool education helps prepare a minor to achieve the appropriate level of knowledge and skills so that at a certain age he can go to first grade. For the development and support of children, this law has compiled a list of activities that are considered acceptable for conducting classes in kindergartens. Kindergartens and preschools do not conduct tests, exams or quizzes.

The mother, father or other official representatives of the minor have the right to receive free help and support in the areas of education, diagnostics, psychology and pedagogy, as well as to receive advice on educational methods. Consultations are provided to parents only in cases where the kindergarten has consultation centers that comply with legal standards. The listed types of assistance are provided only by government employees. authorities of Russia.

For budget-funded preschool education institutions, the state allocates funds for the purchase of:

• Toys suitable for the age of each kindergarten group;
• Educational books, magazines and other printed objects;
• Furniture that complies with legal and sanitary standards;
• Products, according to the state organs of the diet, helping children receive all the elements necessary for growth and development, etc.

A minor is enrolled in kindergarten for free; according to Russian laws, additional payments are not made at the expense of parents. A special contract for the child’s enrollment in kindergarten is drawn up, executed and signed.

To enroll a child in kindergarten, a parent must draw up an application and submit it at his place of residence to a special commission for recruiting general education institutions. In the application, the minor’s representative specifies the preferred educational institutions and the commission puts the child on the register to receive a place. It should be remembered that the time for submitting an application is limited to a certain period, which is formed every year by the state and published on the official websites of the Government.

According to the legislation of the Russian Federation, a baby can be sent to the youngest group starting from 2 months, but doctors do not recommend doing this, since his immunity has not yet strengthened. Doctors' recommendations boil down to the fact that it is best to send a child to kindergarten starting from the age of two. No organization has the right to refuse parents a place without special reasons, and there can only be one valid reason - lack of free places.

There is also an electronic queue that parents can use. According to the legislation of the Russian Federation, an application must be submitted to the electronic queue no later than July.

The order of categories of citizens for admission to kindergartens using electronic queues has been determined:

• Children entering out of turn;
• The category of children who, by law, enter first in line;
• If the family has changed its place of residence or one of the parents has been transferred from the place of work;
• Category of citizens whose children are admitted to an institution at their place of residence;
• Optional.

When submitting an application to the electronic queue, electronic documents or scans of papers are required. On the official websites of the state. services on the Internet contains information on how you can sign up for an electronic queue or check your own place in this queue.

Latest changes made to the law on kindergartens in the Russian Federation

The latest changes to information on preschool education under Federal Law No. 273 were made on December 29, 2015.

Changes occurred in article number 65, paragraph 5. According to these changes, if parents send their child to a preschool education institution, they are entitled to appropriate support in the form of compensation. The monetary amount is established by the legislation of the Russian Federation and regulations of the Government of Russia. The payment should not exceed 20% of the total amount paid by parents for caring for a minor. The payment is also 50% of the amount if the family has a second child and 70% of the total amount if it is the third, etc. The average amount of payments for child care is established by local executive authorities. authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

The following are entitled to receive compensation:

• Mother or father of the child;
• Close relative by proxy from parents;
• Legal representative of a minor;
• An employee of the guardianship and trusteeship authorities to whom the child is assigned (for spending on the needs of the baby).

Read the latest version of the Federal Law on guardians

Authorities have the right to independently decide and calculate the criterion of a family’s need. If the decision was positive, the authorities issued a document with information that the family needs funds, the parents can come with an application for compensation to the local government center.

Download the law on kindergartens in the new edition

There is no law on the provision of kindergarten, but the information necessary for families is documented in the Federal Law on Education. A separate chapter is devoted to this part, which describes in detail information about the methods and processes of enrolling a child in kindergarten. According to statistics, almost every family has one or two children, so the information is relevant and it is recommended that you familiarize yourself with the text of the law being described. To avoid conflict situations, which are now occurring more and more often, between parents and employees of educational and preschool institutions, it is recommended to adhere to the provisions of Federal Law 273.

The Law on Education in the Russian Federation - 273 Federal Law, adopted by the State Duma on December 21, 2012, it fully regulates the field of education in our country. For managers, this document is a reference book, a kind of Bible, which they are obliged to know and strictly observe all provisions. It is advisable that both parents and students of various educational institutions also become familiar with the basic provisions of the Law.

Unfortunately, within the framework of one article it is impossible to analyze in detail the entire Law, each of its points. We will analyze the key, most important provisions that can help many consumers of educational services, since the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” is applied in kindergartens, schools, colleges, universities, etc.

Basic Concepts

Education is a single, purposeful process of upbringing and training an individual, a set of acquired knowledge, skills, experience, moral values, and attitudes. The goal is the formation of a comprehensively developed citizen with high intellectual, physical, cultural, spiritual and moral development.

It is a mistake to believe that education is only about obtaining information. Here we are using the terms incorrectly.

Training is the purposeful acquisition of knowledge, skills and abilities.

Education is a process aimed at the spiritual and moral development of the individual, as a result of which the development of generally accepted rules and norms should occur.

Education includes training (acquisition of knowledge and skills), upbringing (mastering generally accepted norms), and physical development.

education requirement

A teaching worker is a person who carries out the educational process. He has an employment relationship with an educational organization, performs certain job responsibilities, and receives a salary for it. Before the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” was adopted, there were no restrictions at the legislative level for hiring a teacher in a school or a teacher in a kindergarten. At school, it was quite normal to see as a teacher a person who himself had difficulty finishing school at one time. In the absence of professional personnel and low pay for teachers, few went to pedagogical universities. The problem is aggravated by the very low percentage of graduates who decide to connect their lives with educational institutions.

Today the situation is different: the law “On Education in the Russian Federation” establishes a ban on engaging in teaching activities for persons who do not have the appropriate qualifications. In Art. 46 of the Law directly establishes that a person who has graduated from a higher educational institution has the right to be an education worker. Education alone is not enough. It will also be necessary to undergo an additional specialization in “Pedagogy” if the applicant’s university or college is not pedagogical.

Education document

The Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” provides for the issuance of supporting documents (certificate, diploma) for completing the following levels of education:

1. Basic general.
2. Average overall.
3. Initial professional.
4. A professional environment.
5. Higher education - bachelor's degree.
6. Higher education is a specialty.
7. Higher education - master's degree.

Education system

The Law “On Education of the Russian Federation” (latest edition) contains a hierarchy of main components in a unified education system:

1. and instructions are regulatory documents according to which schools, institutes, colleges, etc. are required to carry out educational activities. The status of the educational organization does not matter: commercial, budgetary, government - if it has a license to issue the relevant documents, then it is obliged to provide training based on standards .
2. Direct implementation of training: educational organizations, teaching staff, students, legal representatives.
3. Federal government bodies, authorities of subjects exercising control. The main role belongs to the Federal State Service for Supervision in Education (Rosobrnadzor). In the regions, this function is performed by the regional ministries of education. They monitor the implementation of state standards in educational institutions.
4. Organizations providing educational activities. In districts, district education committees are responsible for financing budgetary schools. They also conduct assessment activities in the controlled areas of all schools.
5. Associations of individuals or legal entities engaged in educational activities. A striking example is the teachers' union.

Goals of federal state standards

The Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” assigns a key place to federal state standards. They perform the following tasks:

1. Unity of education. It follows that throughout the country, students receive the same level of education, which means equality of opportunity.
2. Continuity. Despite the dynamic development and reform of the education system, the introduction of new standards and requirements, the key task is to maintain continuity. You cannot completely destroy the entire system every year for the sake of short-term political or economic gain.
3. Variability. Despite the unity of education as a whole, the law on education in the Russian Federation excludes the strict totalitarian framework of unity when receiving it. Depending on abilities, desires, and time, various options for achieving certain tasks are created.
4. Guarantee. It follows that the state controls the unity of education throughout the country.

You can study at home! Forms of training

This is difficult to imagine for a Soviet person, but the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” provides for training not only in educational institutions. Article 17 lists the acceptable forms of training:

1. In the traditional form - in specialized educational institutions.
2. In an alternative form - outside specialized educational institutions.

The traditional form is divided into:

1. In person.
2. Correspondence.
3. Full-time and part-time.

Distance learning is gaining popularity these days. In the age of information technology, visiting museums, theaters, and rare exhibitions on the other side of the planet without leaving home has become a reality. Information and communication technologies have also penetrated into education.

The Law “On Education of the Russian Federation” is a new law. However, he does not classify distance education as a separate category. The student is at home, prepares according to an individual schedule, listens to lectures remotely, using communication channels. Therefore, distance education falls under the category of correspondence education.

Alternative form

It is not necessary to send a child to school today to receive it. The Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” allows for this possibility. In addition, the state allocates money for alternative forms of education for each child.

Species

Obtaining a certificate outside of school is divided into two types:

1. Family education.
2. Self-education.

Family education involves shifting the function of education to the family. It is for this form that the state pays compensation. Of course, schools react very painfully to this. This is understandable: no one wants to be left without a salary. Judicial practice shows that the courts are completely on the side of the parents. The average compensation for a middle and senior student is about 10 thousand rubles.

The problem of involving child labor as cleaners

School duty is a tradition that we inherited from the Soviet past. Many parents still don’t see a problem with their children cleaning floors while on duty at school. However, Article 34 of the Law directly provides for parental consent to such involvement of a child in labor. Technology and labor training classes are mandatory. It is here that students are legally required, in accordance with federal government programs, to be involved in work: sewing, cooking, woodworking. Everything else is only at the request of the parents.

Results

So, the main law that regulates the field of education is the Federal Law “On Education of the Russian Federation”. Its articles contain a description of the organization of the educational process, the competencies of local authorities, forms and types of education, rules for final certifications, etc. We discussed the most interesting aspects of this Law in the article.