Learning to compose a descriptive monologue based on a work of art. What is dialogue and monologue in Russian?

In this dialogue, each replica begins with a new line and a dash.

Examples of situations in which a dialogue can arise: doctor and patient, teacher and student, seller and buyer, children's games (Fig. 3).

Rice. 3. Examples of situations in which dialogue may arise ()

Most of the dialogue consists of questions and answers. For example, let us recall the dialogue of fairy-tale characters from the fairy tale “Teremok” (Fig. 4).

Rice. 4. An example of dialogue in the fairy tale “Teremok” ()

We got acquainted with dialogue and monologue, learned that a monologue is the speech of one person, and dialogue is the speech of two or more.

Homework

1. What is a monologue and its purpose?
2. What is needed for dialogue?
3. Create a dialogue for the drawing.

References

1. Klimanova L.F., Babushkina T.V. Russian language.2. - M.: Education, 2012.
2. Buneev R.N., Buneeva E.V., Pronina O.V. Russian language.2. - M.: Balass, 2012
3. Ramzaeva T.G. Russian language.2. - M.: Bustard, 2013

1. Shpora07.narod.ru ().
2. Thedifference.ru ().
3. Detskiysad.ru ().

Russian language lesson for 9th grade students on the topic: “Text-monologue.” Abstract

Progress of the lesson.

I. Organizational moment.

Positive attitude to class. Lesson objectives.
Fundamental question of the lesson:“What style of speech is associated with monologue and dialogue?”
Lesson question:“Can a dialogical text be a narrative text?”
1. Spelling five minutes.
Fiction(n, nn) ​​text, m...nologue, d...alogical, d...bats, p...lemy, di...ku(s,ss)ia, s(a,o) )b...sednik, in...t...review, pub...cystika, a(n,nn)otats(i,s)i, review, argument...ntirova(n,nn)ost , af...ristic, t...sis, r...toric device, k...ntakt, k...nts(e,i,s)ptual, re(s,ss)kaz, a/ o(p,pp)onents (20 words).

II. Explanation of a new topic.

III. Development of acquired knowledge.

Technological map for studying the topic

Item

Russian language

Class

5b,k

Lesson type

speech development lesson

Lesson construction technology

problem-dialogical

Subject

Dialogue and monologue. Punctuation marks in dialogue.

Target

Know the features of monologue and dialogic speech, punctuation of dialogue in writing.

Basic terms and concepts

Dialogue, monologue

Planned result

Personal: the desire to master new types of activities in individual, group, paired forms of work, to participate in the creative, constructive process in order to develop reflective and analytical abilities.

Regulatory: accepts and maintains the learning task; plans (in collaboration with the teacher and classmates or independently) the necessary actions, operations, acts according to the plan.

Cognitive: understands the cognitive task; reads and listens, extracting the necessary information, and also independently finds it in textbooks and workbooks; constructs a general pair correction to determine the relationship between two concepts: dialogue And monologue.

Communicative: constructs small monologue statements, carries out joint activities in pairs and work groups, taking into account specific educational and cognitive tasks

Lesson steps

Didactic tasks

1. Organizational

(motivation stage)

Preparing students for work in the classroom: developing, at a personally significant level, internal readiness to fulfill the regulatory requirements of educational activities.

2. Updating basic knowledge and skills

Activation of relevant mental operations (analysis, generalization, classification, etc.) and cognitive processes (attention, memory).

3. Statement of the educational problem

Providing motivation for students to accept the goals of educational and cognitive activity.

4. Formulating the problem, planning activities

Creating conditions for formulating the purpose of the lesson and setting educational objectives.

5. Discovery of new knowledge

Ensuring the perception, comprehension and primary memorization of knowledge, connections and relationships in the object of study.

6. Initial check of understanding

Establishing the correctness and awareness of mastering educational material, identifying gaps, misconceptions, and correcting them.

7. Application of new knowledge

Ensuring the assimilation of new knowledge and methods of action at the level of application in a changed situation.

8. Reflection on learning activities

Analysis and assessment of the success of achieving the goal; identifying the quality and level of knowledge acquisition.

Lesson steps

Developed skills

Teacher activities

Student activities

L. Have a positive attitude towards learning and other activities

P. are aware of the cognizing task

R. plan the necessary actions

Greetings, checking readiness for the lesson

Listen to the teacher, demonstrate readiness for the lesson

P. perform educational activities in the mental f-me, carry out logical tasks

R. Accept and save the learning task

K. Ask questions, answer, listen, formulate their own thoughts, justify and express their own point of view

Write down the number, great job.

Checking d/z. No. 78

How many adjectives were there in the exercise?

Which?

Prove that the named words are indeed adjectives.

!!! Three students are preparing to read the text expressively.

Answer questions, construct understandable statements, read texts, evaluate the work of classmates

3,4

P. Extract the necessary information from the statements of the teacher, classmates, systematize their own knowledge

K. formulates his thoughts, expresses his own point of view

Now let's listen to a short fairy tale.

---------

How many characters are involved in this conversation?

And in the discussion about the adjective?

So, we see that there can be speech of one person or conversation of several persons.

What do you think we will talk about in class?

Write down the topic of the lesson.Dialogue and monologue.

But today in class we must not only remember what dialogue and monologue are, but also find out where these forms of speech are found in the text, how dialogue is formalized in writing.

Let's return to the fairy tale. Do you think this is a dialogue or a monologue?

Why did they decide this?

So, a dialogue is a conversation between two or more persons, and a monologue is the speech of one person.

We said that there are two characters in the fairy tale: grandfather and his grandson. Who noticed another character?

What are the author's words used for in the dialogue? ( explain who is speaking, evaluate what is happening, make you think about the actions of the characters

Answer questions, work on drawing up a lesson plan

P. Extracts information from a textbook

L. desire to acquire new knowledge, skills, and improve existing ones

K. constructs monologue statements that are understandable to partners and carries out joint activities in pairs

Let's open the textbookpage 13. Let's read paragraph 3.

?What else did you learn from the paragraph?

When do you think we use dialogue more often? monologue?

What do we use most often in writing? oral speech?

Listen to the teacher, classmates, construct monologues

Reading a textbook article

Metasubject (UDD)

regulatory:

Distinguish correctly completed tasks from incorrect ones;

Exercise self-control;

educational:

Analyze educational material;

communicative:

- listen and understand the speech of others;

-

Ex. 11. In pairs, restore the order of the lines and get ready to read.

Let's pay attention to the design of the dialogue in the letter. ?What's special?

Exercise 12

We build diagrams.

Can I put it after the lines? Let's read it. I'm writing it down diagrams, rewrite the sentence in accordance with the diagrams.

In pairs, make up a dialogue on the topic “In the school cafeteria”, ( diagrams on the board) write it down.

Let's check.

Now let's work with the text. Let's read.

Can we call this a dialogue? Why? There are no answers.

Let's first complete the sentences verbally so that we have a dialogue. Let's read

Is there a mistake here? Unjustified repetition of words. Record the dialogue, eliminating repetitions of words.

They perform exercises, evaluate the work of classmates, formulate their own statements, and identify difficult moments for themselves.

Personal:

Establish a connection between the purpose of an activity and its result.

Metasubject (UD):

regulatory:

Exercise self-control;

Together with the teacher and classmates, evaluate the activities in the lesson;

Identify and recognize what has already been learned and what still needs to be learned;

communicative:

- the ability to express one’s thoughts with sufficient completeness and accuracy.

So, what did you learn in class today?

Dialogue -

Monologue -

Each line is written

Dialogue is used

You need to choose the right words in the dialogue, avoiding repetition.

They talk about the knowledge they have acquired and evaluate their work in class.

This article answers the question: “What are dialogue and monologue?” It presents characteristics of these two forms of speech, definitions, varieties of each of them, punctuation and other features. We hope that our article will help you understand the differences between them in as much detail as possible and learn something new for yourself.

Dialogue: Definition

Conditions for dialogue to occur

For a dialogue to occur, on the one hand, an initial common base of information is needed that the participants will share, and on the other hand, it is necessary that there is a minimal difference in the knowledge of the participants in a given speech interaction. Otherwise, they will not be able to convey information to each other about the relevant subject of speech, which means that the dialogue will be unproductive. That is, lack of information negatively affects the productivity of this form of speech. A similar factor can appear not only when the conversation participants have low speech competence, but also when they lack the desire to start a dialogue or develop it.

A dialogue in which only one of the forms of speech etiquette, called etiquette forms, is present has a formal meaning, in other words, it is uninformative. In this case, the participants have no need or desire to receive information, however, the dialogue itself is formally generally accepted in some situations (for example, when meeting in public places):

Hello!

How are you doing?

OK, thank you. And you?

Everything is fine, I’m working slowly.

Well, bye, happy!

An indispensable condition for the emergence of a dialogue aimed at obtaining new information is the need for communication. This factor arises as a result of the potential gap in information and knowledge between its participants.

Types of dialogues

Based on the tasks and goals, roles of the interlocutors and the communication situation, the following types of dialogues are distinguished: business conversation, everyday dialogue and interview.

Distinctive features of everyday dialogue are possible deviation from the topic, unplannedness, lack of goals and need for any decision, variety of topics of discussion, personal expression, widespread use of non-verbal (non-verbal) means and methods of communication,

A business conversation is communication mainly between two participants in the conversation, which is therefore largely interpersonal in nature. In this case, various techniques and methods of verbal and non-verbal influence of participants on each other are used. Business conversation, although it always has a specific subject, is more personally oriented (unlike, for example, and occurs mainly between representatives of the same company.

An interview is a conversation between a member of the press and someone whose identity is of public interest. Its distinctive feature is bidirectionality, that is, the interviewer (the one who conducts the interview), when directly addressing the addressee, builds a special dramaturgy of the conversation, counting primarily on the peculiarities of its perception by future readers.

Punctuation marks in dialogue

Spelling dialogues in Russian is a very simple topic. If the speakers' remarks begin with a new paragraph, a dash is written before each of them, for example:

What are dialogue and monologue?

These are two forms of speech.

How are they different from each other?

Number of participants.

If the remarks are selected without indicating that they belong to a particular person, each of them is placed in quotation marks and separated from the next by a dash. For example: "What are dialogue and monologue?" - “Forms of speech.” - “Thanks for the tip!”

If the statement is followed by the words of the author, the dash is omitted before the next one: “How are you living?” - asked Maria Petrovna. “Nothing, slowly,” answered Igor Olegovich.

Knowing these simple rules and applying them in practice, you can always correctly compose a dialogue.

Monologue: definition

The monologue has a relative length in time (it consists of parts of different volumes, which are statements related in meaning and structure), and is also distinguished by the diversity and richness of its vocabulary. The themes of the monologue are very different, which can spontaneously change during its development.

Types of monologue

It is customary to distinguish two main types of monologue.

1. Monologue speech, which is a process of purposeful, conscious communication and appeal to the listener, is mainly used in the oral form of book speech: scientific oral speech (for example, a report or educational lecture), oral public and judicial speech. Monologue has received the greatest development in artistic speech.

2. Monologue as speech alone with oneself, that is, directed not to the immediate listener, but to oneself. This type of speech is called "internal monologue." It is not intended to provoke a response from one person or another.

A monologue, of which there are numerous examples, can be either spontaneous, unprepared (most often it is used in colloquial speech), or pre-planned, prepared.

Types of monologue by purpose

According to the purpose pursued by the statement, there are three main types: informational speech, persuasive and motivating.

The main goal of information is the transfer of knowledge. The speaker in this case takes into account, first of all, the intellectual and perception of the text by the listeners.

A variety of informational monologues are various speeches, reports, lectures, reports, messages.

A persuasive monologue is aimed primarily at the emotions and feelings of the listener. The speaker first of all takes into account the latter’s receptivity. This type of speech includes: solemn, congratulatory, farewell.

An inciting monologue (examples of which are political speeches that are very popular in our time) primarily aims to motivate listeners to various actions. It includes: protest speech, political speech, call to action speech.

Compositional form of monologue

A human monologue in its structure represents a compositional form, depending either on the functional-semantic or on the genre-stylistic affiliation. The following types of genre-stylistic monologue are distinguished: oratorical speech, official business and artistic monologue in the Russian language, as well as other types. Functional-semantic ones include narration, description, and reasoning.

Monologues vary in degree of formality and preparedness. For example, an oratorical speech is always a pre-planned and prepared monologue, which is certainly pronounced in an official setting. But to some extent it represents an artificial form of speech, always striving to become a dialogue. Therefore, any monologue has various means of dialogization. These include, for example, rhetorical questions, appeals, question-and-answer forms of speech, etc. In other words, this is everything that speaks of the desire of the speaker to increase the speech activity of his addressee-interlocutor, to evoke his reaction.

In a monologue, there is an introduction (in which the subject of the speech is defined by the speaker), the main part and a conclusion (in which the speaker sums up his speech).

Conclusion

Thus, it can be noted that monologue and dialogue are two main forms of speech, differing from each other in the number of subjects participating in communication. Dialogue is a primary and natural form, as a way of exchanging opinions and thoughts between its participants, and a monologue is an extended statement in which only one person is the narrator. Both monologue and dialogic speech exist in both oral and written form, although the latter is always based and dialogical is always based on the oral form.