Instructions

In order to determine case names, it is necessary, first of all, to pose a question to. Words related to nominative case y, to the questions WHO? WHAT? If you asked questions WHO? or WHAT?, then you have a noun used in the accusative form case A.

Determine what the noun is. If the word is the subject, i.e. the main member of the sentence, then it is used in the nominative form case a.Accusative case om denotes a word that is a minor member in a sentence, a direct object. For example, ask the guys to define case in this sentence.
The girl writes. Ask them to pose questions, determine which member of the sentence they are. They should come to the following result. The word “girl” answers the question WHO?, is the subject, which means it is used in the nominative case e. And the word “letter” is a minor member of the sentence, a direct object. It answers the question WHAT? and therefore is used in the accusative case e.

Draw the attention of schoolchildren to the fact that the noun is used with or without it. Words in the nominative case They are not used without prepositions. In the accusative - they have prepositions ON, FOR, THROUGH, IN, etc.

It is also worthwhile when determining case and compare the endings in . So, nouns of the first declension will have endings A, Z, if they are in the nominative form case A. Accordingly, in the accusative case e - U, Yu. For example, in the first declension noun “wall” the ending is A. It is used in the nominative case e. The word "wall" U. This means it has an accusative case.

Case indicates the role of a word in a sentence. You can use the helper phrase WHO DOES WHAT to distinguish between nominative and accusative case to her.

“Ivan Gave Birth to a Girl and Ordered to Drag a Diaper” - the first letters of this literary nonsense orderly read out the list of cases. There are six types of cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, prepositional. Each of them speaks about the temporary state of a particular noun, which can change in case form. Determining the type of case of a noun is not difficult; you just need to figure out what question each case answers.

Instructions

Case nominative– initial, real sound of the word. Answers the questions “who?” or “what?” If it is inanimate, for example: a window, a house, a book, a bus, then it answers the question “what?”, and if it is animate, for example, a girl, an elephant, a mother, Rita, then, accordingly, it answers the question “who?” This distribution according to the liveliness of the subject will concern everyone, which is why each case has two questions. Example 1. Man (who?) is an animate noun in the nominative case, machine (what?) is an inanimate noun in the nominative case.

Genitive case, from the word “to give birth to whom?” or “what?” No matter how funny it may sound, this is exactly how the question should be asked. A number of questions are the same, so some words will sound the same, the main thing is to put the case question correctly. Example 2. A person (whom?) is an animate noun in the genitive case, a car (what?) is an inanimate noun in the genitive case.

The accusative case answers the question: “whom to blame?” or “what?” In the above example, an inanimate noun coincides, so the case is determined logically, according to meaning. Example 4. A person (who?) is an animate noun in the accusative case, a car (what?) is an inanimate noun in the accusative case. But if it makes sense: I bought a car (genitive case), but crashed the car (accusative case).

The instrumental case sounds like: “to create by whom?” or “what?” Example 5. By a person (by whom?) is an animate noun in the instrumental case, by a machine (by what?) is an inanimate noun in the instrumental case.

Prepositional case - posing a question that is not consonant with its name: “to talk about whom?” or “about what?” It is easy to determine a word in this case, since a noun in this case always has . Example 6. About a person (about whom?) is an animate noun in the prepositional case, about a car (about what?) is an inanimate noun in the prepositional case.

Video on the topic

Useful advice

Even if a case question does not match the meaning in a given sentence, it should still be asked to determine the case of a noun.

Related article

Sources:

• School experience
• cases example words

Tip 3: How to distinguish the genitive case of a noun from the accusative case

Cases of the Russian language is a category of a word that shows its syntactic role in a sentence. Schoolchildren memorize the names of cases and their signs, that is, questions, but sometimes difficulties arise. For example, when you need to distinguish the genitive case from the accusative case.

You will need

• Knowledge of the Russian language according to the school curriculum, nouns in the accusative and genitive cases,

Instructions

There are six: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, prepositional. To determine case, auxiliary words and questions are used. The spelling of the ending of the word depends on this. Very often they confuse the genitive (no: whom? what?) and the accusative (blame: whom? what?), since the questions to animate objects are asked the same: “who?”

Ask a question. If in doubt, ask the noun a qualifying question: “no what?” (for genitive) and "I see what?" (for accusative). If a word takes the form of the nominative case, it means that in this case it is accusative. For example: small fish (accusative: I see what? a fish, you can’t say: there’s nothing? a fish).

If you need to determine the case in order to place endings, substitute the word “cat” or any other word instead of the noun, but be sure to use the first one. Depending on the ending, determine the case. For example: pride in the teacher is the accusative case, because, substituting the word “cat” in place of the noun, we get: pride in the cat. The ending "u" indicates the accusative case. The ending "and" is in the genitive.

Analyze the relationship of words in. Genitive, as a rule, the relationship between a part and the whole (a glass of milk), belonging to something (sister’s jacket), it is used in comparison (more beautiful than the queen). The accusative is used to convey spatio-temporal relations (work for a week), the transition from an action to an object (drive a car).

Use the same methods for the inflexible. For example: put on a coat (put on a cat - accusative case), do without coffee (do without a cat - genitive).

Please note

The accusative case denotes the complete coverage of the object by the action, a certain amount (drink milk), and the genitive case denotes the extension of the action to part of the object (drink milk).

Useful advice

An inanimate noun in the accusative case does not change, unlike the same noun in the genitive case: I saw a house (accusative), there were no houses in the area (genitive)

Sources:

• Page dedicated to the grammatical characteristics of a noun

Unlike the Finnish and Hungarian languages, in which there are one and a half to two dozen cases, in Russian grammar there are only six of them. The endings of words in different cases may be the same, so to determine the case, you need to ask the correct question about the word being checked.

Instructions

To determine the case of a noun, carefully read the phrase it is part of. Find the word that the noun you are checking refers to - that’s why words you will ask a question. For example, you are given the phrase “I love dogs,” and you need to determine the case of the noun “dogs.” The word “dogs” in this sentence is subordinate to the word “love”. Therefore, you will ask a case question as follows: “I love whom?”

Each of the six cases has its own special question. So, in the nominative case they answer the question “who?” or “what?” The auxiliary word “is” can be substituted for this case. For example, there is (who?). The question of the genitive case is “who?” or “what?” The auxiliary word “no” can be substituted for the noun in this case. Dative to the question “to whom?/what?” and is combined with the auxiliary word “to give.” The question of the accusative case is “who?” or “what?”, and its auxiliary word is “blame.” Nouns in the instrumental case answer the question “by whom?/what?” and are combined with the words “created” and “pleased.” Finally, with the following questions: “about whom?/about what?”, “in whom?/in what?”. One of the auxiliary words of this case is the word “I think”.

To determine case, you first need to find the noun or pronoun to which it refers. Having determined the case of this main word, you will also recognize the case of the adjective, since they always agree in gender, number and case with those nouns () on which they depend. For example, “Kolya ate a big pear,” the noun “pear” is used in the accusative case, therefore the case of the adjective “big” related to it is also accusative.

A noun is a part of speech that designates a person or thing and answers the questions “who?” So what?". Nouns change according to cases, of which there are six in the Russian language. To prevent cases from being confused with each other, there is a strict system of rules and differences between them. To be able to correctly and quickly determine the accusative case, you need to know its questions and what it is used for.

Instructions

To never make a mistake with the case of a noun, remember that each of them has unique questions specific to it, by asking which you will receive the corresponding one. Accusative case questions are the question “I see who?” for the animate and “I see what?” for inanimate nouns.

In addition, learn the definitions of the accusative case of the Russian language, or, more precisely, the cases when it is used. So, the accusative case denotes the transfer of temporal and spatial relations (week, walk a kilometer); transition of the action entirely to the object (driving a car, leafing through a book). Very rarely the accusative case as a dependence on (offended for a friend).

However, even using rules or endings, it is sometimes very difficult to determine case, so always use special questions. In terms of its questions, the accusative case partially coincides with the genitive and nominative. To avoid confusing them, do the following: if in front of you, and it answers the question “who?”, which coincides with, substitute it instead

Noun is a part of speech that names objects and answers questions “ What? » / « Who? " In Russian, a noun acts as an object, adverbial adverbial, subject or predicate. This is one of the main lexical categories denoting the names of things, organisms and living beings, persons, events, facts, geographical location, phenomena, as well as properties, states, qualities and actions. The noun is modified according to special cases, between which there is a certain system of differences. To avoid grammatical and lexical errors, you need to be able to distinguish between them.

Necessary:

To learn how to distinguish the accusative case from the genitive case, you need to remember the Russian language school curriculum for grades 4-5. In this case, you will need not only a school textbook, but also a table of cases.

Instructions:

• The school textbook tells us that there are only six cases in the Russian language. They are called as follows: nominative , dative , prepositional , instrumental , accusative And genitive . We're interested in the last two, so let's focus on them.
• To determine this characteristic for any noun, it is necessary to use special auxiliary questions and words. It should be noted that both schoolchildren and highly educated people constantly confuse the accusative and genitive cases. This is because the auxiliary questions for determining them are almost identical: for the genitive " no one? what? ", for accusative " see who? What? " That is, the same question is asked to animate objects: “ whom? ».
• If you cannot determine the required form, ask a clarifying question to the noun: “ see what? " or « no what? " to define it. The accusative case is used if the word takes on the nominative form after a clarifying question.
• The genitive case can also be determined using a test word "cat". When you substitute the indicated word for any noun, pay attention to the ending. Example: instead of a word "teacher" in a phrase "pride in the teacher" Substituting the test word, we get the phrase "pride of the cat". End « And » indicates genitive case, ending "y" to accusative.
• Remember that the genitive always indicates the relationship between the whole and the part ( glass of water), comparison with something or someone ( more beautiful than Vasilisa) and belonging ( brother's motorcycle). The accusative describes and denotes temporal-spatial relations ( wait a minute), and also indicates a transition from an action to an object ( pet the cat).

Russian language lesson

Subject: The difference between the nominative case and the accusative case

Goals:

• develop the ability to recognize the nominative and accusative cases; practice the ability to determine the case of a noun;
• formation of communicative competencies (dialogue, discussion)
• bring up

• Equipment: computer, multimedia installation.

LESSON PROGRESS:

1.Class organization(Slide Mood)

2.Repetition of the studied material

Slide: words by mark

At the mark

Mark

Mark

About the mark

About the mark

Read the entry. Tell me what is written here? (the word mark used in different cases)

Name these nouns in declension order. (Mark, at the mark, by mark, mark, mark, about mark)

What is noun declension? (this is changing nouns by case)

How many cases are there in Russian? Name all the cases and questions for them.

3. A minute of penmanship

Today, in a minute of penmanship, we will write three letters. The first is a suffix in the word mark. What letter is this? (TO)

The second letter is the ending in the noun mark used in I.p. What letter is this? (A)

The third letter is the ending in the noun mark used in V.p. What letter is this? (U)

Children determine the order of the letters and write them down in a notebook. (KUA. UAK, AKU, ...)

4. Vocabulary and spelling work

Take a close look at this post: Slide

Season cog umbrella

Did he indicate a nod?

Name a word from the dictionary that we will learn in class. What word is this? How did you define it?

(This is the word station. To define it, we found out how the word umbrella is formed. To compose it, the last syllables of the first two words of the top line were used. This means that the searched word must be composed of the last syllables of the bottom line.)

Children write the word in a notebook, highlight spelling patterns, work on the meaning of the word)

Make up your own sentences using the word station.

5. physical minute (to music)

6. New theme

And the heroes from our book, Masha and Misha, also made sentences. Here they are. SLIDE.

The station is located on the outskirts of the city.

The station received a message about the arrival of the train.

Passengers approaching the city see the station.

Read the first sentence, underline the main parts of the sentence.

Determine the case of the noun that is the subject of the sentence. (The word station is in I.p.)

Noun in I.p. Is it used with or without a preposition? (without preposition)

Read the second and third sentences, underline the main members in them. Determine which member of the sentence is the noun station in these sentences? (minor member)

Determine the case of the noun station in the second and third sentences. (stands in V.p.)

Noun railway station in the accusative case is it used with or without a preposition? (used both with and without a preposition)

Conclude how to distinguish a noun in I.p. from a noun in V.p.

Work in groups: Use plan: slide

Which part of the sentence is the noun in I.p.?

Is a noun used with a preposition in I.p.?

Which part of the sentence is the noun in V.p.?

How is a noun used in V.p. with or without preposition?

Reading the rules from the textbook

7. Physical exercise (vision)

8. Consolidation.

a) Work according to textbook No. 101. (1 person works at the blackboard)

B) Children write the text in a notebook (commented letter). Determine the declension, case and number of highlighted nouns.

Squirrel lived in an owl's hollow. Hunter tracked down squirrel . I approached the platform

locomotive . I saw Vanya for the first time locomotive . The car went to steppe. in spring

steppe covered with a green carpet of grass.

Self-test. Micrototal.

9. Independent work

Read it. Write the sentences, insert the necessary letters. Specify

cases of nouns. Slide.

Alder, linden, s(a.o)sna have a lot of other (e, i) weight. L(e,i) sleep viper

Chooses thick tr(a,o)vu for relaxation. Frogs and toads spawn in

water, on the ground and even on your own lower back.

What signs helped you distinguish nouns in I.p. from

nouns in V.p.?

10. HomeworkNo. 102, learn the rule.

Result:

What topic did we learn about in class today?

Which of the guys did you like in class?

How do you evaluate your work?

How do you evaluate a teacher's work?

The accusative case is used in combinations of words and sentences with only verbs or with its forms, such as participle or gerund. And also the accusative case answers the questions: “What?” and “Who?” Most often it is used as an expression of the direct object of action: I write a text, play football, build a house and similar phrases. More details about the accusative case and its differences from the genitive case will be written in this article.

This case can mean completely different meanings. Accusative:

1. (Time) - the time of an action that has already been completed: walk every morning.
2. (Quantities) - the quantitative side of the verbal action: cost thirty rubles.
3. (Measures) - a measure of time or space: walk one hundred steps.
4. (Object) - the object to which the action is directed: open the door.
5. (Result) - an object - the result of some action: cook soup.

If you remember the accusative case questions “Whom?” or “What?”, you won’t have any difficulty identifying it.

What endings can the accusative case have?

Based on case questions, you can determine the ending of a word.

The accusative case has the following endings:

1. A noun that is singular: dog, door, table, computer, road, car.
2. Accusative case in the plural: dogs, doors, tables, computers, roads, cars.
3. In the singular, the adjective and participle end: round and round, round, round; hard and hard, hard, hard, doggy and doggy, doggy, doggy.

What prepositions are used

This form of the word can be combined with many prepositions, complex and simple. If a word is combined with such prepositions as: with, on, for, in or under (simple), then it determines some meaning. The definition can be by purpose, reason, time, property, state, etc. In combination with a simple preposition, such words can have completely different meanings: picking berries, sailing along the river, playing hide and seek, and so on, that is, have an objective meaning. Also, a word can carry information replenishment.

In the case of complete sentences that contain simple prepositions, phrases have a completely different meaning. For example, a phrase indicates a predicative meaning (reward for participation). And he can also spread a proposal (there is a school not far from home; the long-awaited holidays are coming in the summer.) Together with the prepositions “under” and “for”, inaccurate facts are expressed (she is about twenty, he is about thirty).

Such nouns are also combined with compound prepositions (without paying attention to, after a day).

The difference between the accusative case and the genitive case

In order not to get confused when determining the case, you need to understand that for each option there is an individual question that is important to ask correctly.

If you ask a key question and find a matching option, you can easily determine whether the word is in the genitive or accusative case. A word in the genitive case often names the relationship of an object to something, the relationship between wholes and parts, a description of an object in comparison with another object, an object that is influenced, and the like. These nouns must answer the questions “what” and “whom.” Finding out the case of a noun, focusing only on the ending or meaning, is quite difficult, as there are many nuances and you can make a mistake.

In such variants, sometimes even the endings of words coincide. Most often you can make a mistake if you need to determine the form of an animate noun. In the event that it is quite difficult to understand the form with the question “whom”, then it is necessary to mentally replace the animate word with an inanimate one. Put the question in the accusative form, “I see what?”, and in the genitive form, “There is nothing?”. If the noun, the form of which needs to be determined, turns out to be the same as in the nominative case, then this will mean that it is in the accusative case.

The next way to distinguish the accusative and genitive forms. If you need to determine the case form of an inanimate noun, then pose the necessary question that needs to be answered. For example: I’m carrying (what?) a package, looking (at what?) at the package. In the second version, the word is in the genitive case.

If the noun is animate, has the second declension and is masculine, then it is enough to replace it with any word of the first declension and pay attention to the ending. For example: I see a cat - I see a dog: the ending -у indicates the genitive case; no cat - no dog: ending -i - accusative).

If the noun is animate and is in the plural, then it must be mentally changed to any inanimate that answers the question “what?” (I love horses - I love (what?) clothes - accusative; I love the beauty of horses - I love the beauty of clothes - genitive).

It is important to pay attention to the fact that in the Russian language there are many words that do not decline (coat, metro and others). In all variants they remain unchanged.

There is a possibility that the methods described above will not help. You should always check the case by asking a key question to avoid mistakes.

Video

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How to distinguish the accusative case from the genitive and nominative?

Perhaps the most interesting of all cases in the Russian language is the accusative. Because everyone else answers their questions calmly and does not cause difficulties. With the accusative case everything is different. It can very easily be confused with a nominative or genitive. After all the accusative case answers the questions “Whom?” What?" The accusative case denotes the object of the action. A noun, being in the accusative case, experiences the action of another noun, which in this sentence is a predicate. Everything becomes clear with the example: “I love my brother.” The noun "brother" will be in the accusative case. And he will experience a feeling of love from the pronoun “I”. What you should pay attention to when determining the case, so as not to confuse it with the nominative, is the ending. Below is the table:

To distinguish the accusative case from the genitive case, we will use auxiliary words and questions. For the genitive - no (who, what), for the accusative - I see (who, what). As you can see, the questions are different for animate and inanimate objects. Let's play on this.

Let's look at an example:

“Grandma is not at home.” Let's substitute an inanimate object - “there are no keys in the house.” No one, what? Grandmothers, keys. Genitive.

“I don’t see a plate on the table.” Let's substitute an animate object - “I don’t see my brother on the table.” I don’t see who – my brother, I don’t see what – a plate. Whom, what – accusative case.

Features of the accusative case.

The accusative case is used with prepositions such as “In, for, about, on, through.” Difficulties may still arise with the accusative case when tense concepts are indicated in sentences. Let's give an example: “Rewrite an essay all night.” The nouns “night” and “abstract” are in the accusative case in this sentence. You need to be extremely careful with such offers. Along with the confusion between the accusative case and the nominative case, it can also be confused with the genitive case. Let's give an example: “Wait for mother” and “Wait for message.” In the first case the case will be genitive, and in the second case it will be accusative. There is a difference here due to the declination of animate and inanimate objects, as we already wrote above.