Bad emotions list. List of basic emotions and feelings

In life, concepts such as emotions and feelings are often confused, but these phenomena are different and reflect different meanings.

Emotions are not always realized

Sometimes a person cannot quite clearly formulate what emotions he is experiencing, for example, people say “everything is boiling inside me,” what does this mean? What emotions? Anger? Fear? Despair? Anxiety? Annoyance?. A person cannot always identify a momentary emotion, but a person is almost always aware of a feeling: friendship, love, envy, hostility, happiness, pride.

Experts make a distinction between the concept of “ emotion" and the concepts " feeling», « affect», « mood" And " experience».

Unlike feelings, emotions do not have an object connection: they arise not in relation to someone or something, but in relation to the situation as a whole. " I'm scared"is an emotion, and " I'm afraid of this man" is a feeling.

The feelings and emotions listed here do not exhaust the entire palette, the entire variety of human emotional states. A comparison with the colors of the solar spectrum is appropriate here. There are 7 basic tones, but how many more intermediate colors do we know and how many shades can be obtained by mixing them!

It is difficult to say how many different emotional states there may be - but, in any case, there are immeasurably more than 70. Emotional states are highly specific, even if they have the same name with modern crude assessment methods. There seem to be many shades of anger, joy, sadness and other feelings.

Love for an older brother and love for a younger sister are similar, but far from identical feelings. The first is colored with admiration, pride, and sometimes envy; the second is a sense of self-superiority, a desire to provide patronage, sometimes pity and tenderness. A completely different feeling is love for parents, love for children. But to designate all these feelings we use one name.

The division of feelings into positive and negative is not done on ethical grounds, but solely on the basis of the pleasure or displeasure delivered. Therefore, gloating ended up in the column of positive feelings, and sympathy - in the negative feelings column. There are, as you can see, much more negative ones than positive ones. Why? Several explanations can be offered.

Sometimes the idea is expressed that there are simply many more words in the language that express unpleasant feelings, because in a good mood a person is generally less inclined to introspection. This explanation seems unsatisfactory to us.

The initial biological role of emotions is signaling, of the “pleasant - unpleasant”, “safe - dangerous” type. Apparently, the signaling “dangerous” and “unpleasant” is more significant for the animal; it is vitally important, more relevant, because it directs its behavior in critical situations.

It is clear that such information in the process of evolution should receive priority over information signaling “comfort”.

But what has developed historically can change historically. When a person masters the laws of social development, this will change his emotional life, moving the center of gravity towards positive, pleasant feelings.

Let's return to the list of feelings. If you carefully read all 70 names, you will notice that some of the listed feelings coincide in content and differ only in intensity. For example, surprise and amazement differ only in strength, that is, in degree of expression. The same is anger and rage, pleasure and bliss, etc. Therefore, some clarifications need to be made to the list.

Typically, feelings come in five main forms:

The definition of feeling was given above.

Affect- this is a very strong short-term feeling associated with a motor reaction (or with complete immobility - numbness. But numbness is also a motor reaction).

Passion called a strong and lasting feeling.

Mood- the resultant of many feelings. This state is distinguished by a certain duration, stability and serves as the background against which all other elements of mental activity take place.

Under experiences however, they usually understand exclusively the subjective mental side of emotional processes, without including physiological components.

Thus, if we consider surprise a feeling, then amazement is the same feeling in content, but brought to the level of affect (remember the final silent scene of “The Inspector General”).

Similarly, we call anger brought to the level of passion by rage, bliss is the affect of pleasure, delight is the affect of joy, despair is the affect of grief, horror is the affect of fear, adoration is love that has become passion in duration and strength, etc.

Displays of emotions

Emotional reactions are associated with nervous processes, they also manifest themselves in external movements, called `` expressive movements." Expressive movements are an important component of emotions, the external form of their existence. Expressions of emotions are universal, similar for all people, sets of expressive signs that reflect certain emotional states.

Towards expressive forms of emotions include the following:

Gestures (hand movements),

Facial expressions (movements of facial muscles),

Pantomime (movements of the whole body) - see,

Emotional components of speech (strength and timbre, voice intonation),

Autonomic changes (redness, paleness, sweating).

You can read more about how emotions are expressed

The human face has the greatest ability to express various emotional shades (see). And, of course, the mirror of emotions is often the eyes (see)

Emotions and feelings are unique mental states that leave an imprint on a person’s life, activities, actions and behavior. If emotional states mainly determine the external side of behavior and mental activity, then feelings influence the content and internal essence of experiences caused by a person’s spiritual needs.
Based on materials from openemo.com

And the person’s emotions? It is this issue that we decided to devote today’s article. After all, without these components we would not be people, but machines that do not live, but simply exist.

What are the sense organs?

As you know, a person learns all the information about the world around him through his own. These include the following:

• eyes;
• language;
• leather.

Thanks to these organs, people feel and see the objects around them, as well as hear sounds and taste. It should be noted that this is not a complete list. Although it is usually called the main one. So what are the feelings and sensations of a person who has functioning not only of the above organs, but also of other organs? Let's consider the answer to the question posed in more detail.

Eyes

The sensations of vision, or rather color and light, are the most numerous and diverse. Thanks to the presented body, people receive about 70% of information about the environment. Scientists have found that the number of visual sensations (of various qualities) of an adult, on average, reaches 35 thousand. It should also be noted that vision plays a significant role in the perception of space. As for the sensation of color, it completely depends on the length of the light wave that irritates the retina, and the intensity depends on its amplitude or so-called scope.

Ears

Hearing (tones and noises) gives a person approximately 20 thousand different states of consciousness. This sensation is caused by air waves that come from the sounding body. Its quality depends entirely on the magnitude of the wave, its strength on its amplitude, and its timbre (or sound coloring) on ​​its shape.

Nose

The sensations of smell are quite varied and very difficult to classify. They occur when the upper part of the nasal cavity, as well as the mucous membrane of the palate, is irritated. This effect occurs due to the dissolution of the smallest odorous substances.

Language

Thanks to this organ, a person can distinguish different tastes, namely sweet, salty, sour and bitter.

Leather

Tactile sensations are divided into feelings of pressure, pain, temperature, etc. They occur during irritation of nerve endings located in tissues, which have a special structure.

What feelings does a person have? In addition to all of the above, people also have feelings such as:

• Static (body position in space and a sense of its balance). This feeling occurs during irritation of the nerve endings that are located in the semicircular canals of the ear.
• Muscular, joint and tendon. They are very difficult to observe, but they are of the nature of internal pressure, tension and even slip.
• Organic or somatic. Such feelings include hunger, nausea, sensations of breathing, etc.

What are the feelings and emotions?

A person’s emotions and inner feelings reflect his attitude towards any event or situation in life. Moreover, the two named states are quite different from each other. Thus, emotions are a direct reaction to something. This happens at the animal level. As for feelings, this is a product of thinking, accumulated experience, experiences, etc.

What feelings does a person have? It is quite difficult to answer the question posed unambiguously. After all, people have a lot of feelings and emotions. They give a person information about needs, as well as feedback on what is happening. Thanks to this, people can understand what they are doing right and what they are doing wrong. After realizing the feelings that have arisen, a person gives himself the right to any emotion, and thereby he begins to understand what is happening in reality.

List of basic emotions and feelings

What are the feelings and emotions of a person? It is simply impossible to list them all. In this regard, we decided to name only a few. Moreover, they are all divided into three different groups.

Positive:

• pleasure;
• jubilation;
• joy;
• pride;
• delight;
• trust;
• confidence;
• admiration;
• sympathy;
• love (or affection);
• love (sexual attraction to a partner);
• respect;
• gratitude (or appreciation);
• tenderness;
• complacency;
• tenderness;
• gloat;
• bliss;
• feeling of satisfied revenge;
• feeling of self-satisfaction;
• feeling of relief;
• anticipation;
• feeling of security.

Negative:

Neutral:

• astonishment;
• curiosity;
• amazement;
• calm and contemplative mood;
• indifference.

Now you know what feelings a person has. Some to a greater extent, some to a lesser extent, but each of us has experienced them at least once in our lives. Negative emotions that are ignored and not recognized by us do not just disappear. After all, the body and soul are one, and if the latter suffers for a long time, then the body takes on some part of its heavy burden. And it’s not for nothing that they say that all diseases are caused by nerves. The influence of negative emotions on human well-being and health has long been a scientific fact. As for positive feelings, the benefits of them are clear to everyone. After all, experiencing joy, happiness and other emotions, a person literally consolidates in his memory the desired types of behavior (feelings of success, well-being, trust in the world, people around him, etc.).

Neutral feelings also help people express their attitude towards what they see, hear, etc. By the way, such emotions can act as a kind of springboard to further positive or negative manifestations.

Thus, by analyzing his behavior and attitude to current events, a person can become better, worse, or remain the same. It is these properties that distinguish people from animals.

It is no secret that only a person can experience a huge number of emotions. No other living creature in the world has such a property. Although disputes between the scientific fraternity still do not subside, the majority is inclined to believe that our lesser, highly developed brothers are capable of experiencing some emotions. I completely agree with them. Just look at the dog who was shown a treat and immediately hid it.

But let's return to the person. What kind of emotions does a person have, where do they come from, and in general, what are they for?

What is an emotion? Don't confuse it with feelings!

An emotion is a short-term reaction to a situation. And feelings do not disappear under the flow of emotions or current situations, they are stable and in order to destroy them, you have to try hard.

Example: A girl saw her boyfriend with someone else. She is furious, upset and hurt. But after talking with the guy, it turned out that this was his cousin, who came to stay today. The situation was resolved, the emotions passed, but the feeling - love - did not go away, even at the moment of the most intense passions.

I hope you understand the difference between feelings and emotions.

In addition, emotions lie on the surface. You will always see when a person is funny, his fear or amazement. But feelings lie deep, you can’t get to them so easily. It often happens when you despise a person, but due to current circumstances you are forced to communicate with him, while pretending to have a positive attitude.

Classification of emotions

There are several dozen emotions. We will not consider everything, we will focus only on the most basic ones.

Three groups can be distinguished:

• Positive.
• Negative.
• Neutral.

There are quite a lot of emotional shades in each of the groups, so it is almost impossible to calculate the exact number. The list of human emotions presented below is not complete, since there are many intermediate feelings, as well as a symbiosis of several emotions at the same time.

The largest group is negative, with positive ones in second place. The neutral group is the smallest.

That's where we'll start.

Neutral emotions

These include:

• Curiosity,
• Amazement,
• Indifference,
• Contemplation,
• Astonishment.

Positive emotions

These include everything that is associated with a feeling of joy, happiness and satisfaction. That is, with the fact that a person is pleased and really wants to continue.

• Direct joy.
• Delight.
• Pride.
• Trust.
• Confidence.
• Admiration.
• Tenderness.
• Gratitude.
• Rejoicing.
• Bliss.
• Calm.
• Love.
• Sympathy.
• Anticipation.
• Respect.

This is not a complete list, but at least I tried to remember the most basic positive human emotions. If you forgot anything, write in the comments.

Negative emotions

The group is extensive. It would seem what they are needed for. After all, it’s good when everything is only positive, there is no anger, malice or resentment. Why does a person need negative ones? I can say one thing - without negative emotions we would not value positive ones. And, as a result, they would have a completely different attitude towards life. And, it seems to me, they would be callous and cold.

The shade palette of negative emotions looks like this:

• Grief.
• Sadness.
• Anger.
• Despair.
• Anxiety.
• Pity.
• Anger.
• Hatred.
• Boredom.
• Fear.
• Resentment.
• Fright.
• Shame.
• Mistrust.
• Disgust.
• Uncertainty.
• Repentance.
• Remorse.
• Confusion.
• Horror.
• Indignation.
• Despair.
• Annoyance.

This is also far from a complete list, but even based on this, it is clear how rich we are in emotions. We perceive literally every little thing instantly and express our attitude towards it in the form of emotions. Moreover, very often this happens unconsciously. After a moment, we can already control ourselves and hide the emotion, but it’s too late - those who wanted to have already noticed and made a conclusion. By the way, this is precisely what the method of checking whether a person is lying or telling the truth is based on.

There is one emotion - schadenfreude, which is not clear where to put it, either positive or negative. It seems that by gloating, a person evokes positive emotions for himself, but at the same time, this emotion produces a destructive effect in his own soul. That is, in essence, it is negative.

Should you hide your emotions?

By and large, emotions are given to us for humanity. It is only thanks to them that we are several stages of development above all other individuals in the animal world. But in our world, more and more often people get used to hiding their feelings, hiding them behind a mask of indifference. This is both good and bad.

Good - because the less those around us know about us, the less harm they can do to us.

It’s bad because by hiding our attitude, forcibly hiding our emotions, we become callous, less responsive to our surroundings, get used to wearing a mask and completely forget who we really are. And this threatens, at best, with prolonged depression; at worst, you will live your whole life, playing a role that no one needs, and will never become yourself.

That, in principle, is all I can say for now about what emotions a person has. How to handle them is up to you. I can say one thing for sure: there must be moderation in everything. It is also important not to overdo it with emotions, otherwise what will come out is not life, but a grotesque likeness of it.

Hello dear reader. In order to show the relevance of our conversation today, I want you to stop reading the article for a few moments and answer the question: “What emotions are you currently experiencing?”
Have you thought about it? Did you answer?

Now let's see what problems often arise when answering this question.

• Many people answer this question in the following way: “Yes, I don’t feel any particular emotions right now, everything is fine.” Does this mean that there really are no emotions? Or does this simply mean that the person is poorly aware of his emotional state? The fact is that a person always experiences emotions, every moment of his life. Sometimes they reach high intensity, and sometimes their intensity is low. Many people pay attention only to strong emotional experiences, and do not attach any importance to low-intensity emotions and even do not notice them at all. However, if emotions are not very strong, this does not mean that they are absent.
• Another possible answer to the question posed is: “Somehow I feel unpleasant. I feel uncomfortable." We see that the person is aware that there are unpleasant emotions inside, but he cannot name which ones. Maybe it's irritation, or maybe disappointment or guilt, or maybe something else.
• Often our question is answered like this: “I feel like it’s time for me to get up from my computer and get to work” or “I feel like this article could be useful to me.” Many people confuse their emotions with thoughts and desire to do something. Trying to describe their emotional state, they describe everything except emotions.

Meditation exercise for understanding emotions

When working with clients, I often use a meditation exercise to help them better understand their own emotions. It is so effective that I decided to make an audio recording so that anyone could use this technique. The mechanism of action of the exercise is based on the connection between emotions and bodily reactions. Any, even the most insignificant, emotion is reflected in the body (read more about this). By learning to listen to your own bodily reactions, you can become more familiar with your emotions.

You can do the exercise right now. Here's the entry:

Once you have learned what emotions are and have easily learned to describe your inner state, you may be interested in exploring yourself more deeply. For example, you may want to figure out what positive meaning emotions can carry that, at first glance, are absolutely meaningless and even harmful. Read about this in the next

It’s difficult for me to understand my feelings - a phrase that each of us has encountered: in books, in movies, in life (someone else’s or our own). But it is very important to be able to understand your feelings. Some people believe - and perhaps they are right - that the meaning of life is in feelings. And in fact, at the end of life, only our feelings, real or in memories, remain with us. And our experiences can also be a measure of what is happening: the richer, more varied, and brighter they are, the more fully we experience life.

What are feelings? The simplest definition is: feelings are what we feel. This is our attitude towards certain things (objects). There is also a more scientific definition: feelings (higher emotions) are special mental states, manifested by socially conditioned experiences that express long-term and stable emotional relationships of a person to things.

How are feelings different from emotions?

Sensations are our experiences that we experience through our senses, and we have five of them. Sensations are visual, auditory, tactile, taste and smell (our sense of smell). With sensations everything is simple: stimulus - receptor - sensation.

Our consciousness interferes with emotions and feelings - our thoughts, attitudes, our thinking. Emotions are influenced by our thoughts. And vice versa - emotions influence our thoughts. We’ll definitely talk about these relationships in more detail a little later. But now let's remember once again one of the criteria, namely point 10: we are responsible for our feelings, it depends on us what they will be. This is important.

Fundamental Emotions

All human emotions can be distinguished by the quality of experience. This aspect of human emotional life is most clearly presented in the theory of differential emotions by the American psychologist K. Izard. He identified ten qualitatively different “fundamental” emotions: interest-excitement, joy, surprise, grief-suffering, anger-rage, disgust-disgust, contempt-disdain, fear-horror, shame-shyness, guilt-remorse. K. Izard classifies the first three emotions as positive, the remaining seven as negative. Each of the fundamental emotions underlies a whole spectrum of conditions that vary in degree of expression. For example, within the framework of such a unimodal emotion as joy, one can distinguish joy-satisfaction, joy-delight, joy-jubilation, joy-ecstasy and others. From the combination of fundamental emotions, all other, more complex, complex emotional states arise. For example, anxiety can combine fear, anger, guilt and interest.

1. Interest- a positive emotional state that promotes the development of skills and knowledge. Interest-excitement is a feeling of capture, curiosity.

2. Joy- a positive emotion associated with the opportunity to sufficiently fully satisfy an urgent need, the likelihood of which was previously small or uncertain. Joy is accompanied by self-satisfaction and satisfaction with the world around us. Obstacles to self-realization are also obstacles to the emergence of joy.

3. Surprise- an emotional reaction to sudden circumstances that does not have a clearly defined positive or negative sign. Surprise inhibits all previous emotions, directing attention to a new object and can turn into interest.

4. Suffering (grief)- the most common negative emotional state associated with receiving reliable (or seeming) information about the impossibility of satisfying the most important needs, the achievement of which previously seemed more or less likely. Suffering has the character of an asthenic emotion and more often occurs in the form of emotional stress. The most severe form of suffering is grief associated with irretrievable loss.

5. Anger- a strong negative emotional state, often occurring in the form of affect; arises in response to an obstacle in achieving passionately desired goals. Anger has the character of a sthenic emotion.

6. Disgust- a negative emotional state caused by objects (objects, people, circumstances), contact with which (physical or communicative) comes into sharp conflict with the aesthetic, moral or ideological principles and attitudes of the subject. Disgust, when combined with anger, can motivate aggressive behavior in interpersonal relationships. Disgust, like anger, can be directed toward oneself, lowering self-esteem and causing self-judgment.

7. Contempt- a negative emotional state that arises in interpersonal relationships and is generated by a mismatch in the life positions, views and behavior of the subject with those of the object of feeling. The latter are presented to the subject as base, not corresponding to accepted moral standards and ethical criteria. A person is hostile to someone he despises.

8. Fear- a negative emotional state that appears when the subject receives information about possible damage to his well-being in life, about a real or imagined danger. In contrast to suffering caused by direct blocking of the most important needs, a person, experiencing the emotion of fear, has only a probabilistic forecast of possible trouble and acts on the basis of this forecast (often insufficiently reliable or exaggerated). The emotion of fear can be both sthenic and asthenic in nature and occur either in the form of stressful conditions, or in the form of a stable mood of depression and anxiety, or in the form of affect (horror).

9. Shame- a negative emotional state, expressed in the awareness of the inconsistency of one’s own thoughts, actions and appearance not only with the expectations of others, but also with one’s own ideas about appropriate behavior and appearance.

10. Wine- a negative emotional state, expressed in awareness of the unseemlyness of one’s own actions, thoughts or feelings and expressed in regret and repentance.

Table of human feelings and emotions

And I also want to show you a collection of feelings, emotions, states that a person experiences during his life - a generalized table that does not pretend to be scientific, but will help you better understand yourself. The table was taken from the website “Communities of Addicted and Codependent”, author - Mikhail.

All human feelings and emotions can be divided into four types. These are fear, anger, sadness and joy. You can find out what type a particular feeling belongs to from the table.

And for those who read the article to the end :) The purpose of this article is to help you understand your feelings, what they are. Our feelings largely depend on our thoughts. Irrational thinking often underlies negative emotions. By correcting these mistakes (working on our thinking), we can be happier and achieve more in life. There is interesting, but persistent and painstaking work to be done on oneself. Are you ready?