The sentence is one of the basic units of syntax. It represents a complete thought and can consist of one or more words. From a grammatical point of view, a sentence has members - main ones (subject and predicate), as well as secondary ones (this is What is the syntactic role of this or that part of speech in a sentence? We will try to understand this question below: we will only consider
Syntactic role of the noun
As a rule, it acts as the main member of a sentence or addition. But the peculiarity of this part of speech is that it can become any member of a sentence. In their primary role, nouns can be qualified, for example, by adjectives, pronouns, participles, with agreement in categories such as gender, number and case. Also, a noun can form syntactic structures with verbs, adverbs and predicative words.
Syntactic role of the adjective
The most common role of an adjective in a sentence is as an agreed definition, but it is not the only one. An adjective can also act as the subject or nominal part of a compound predicate. It is typical for adjectives in short form to act only as a predicate.
Syntactic role of the adverb
The usual role of an adverb is adverbial - manner of action, time, place, reason, purpose, measure and degree. However, sometimes it can be predicated. There is also a separate group of adverbs that play the role of allied words in a sentence.
Syntactic role of the verb
The verb usually acts as a predicate. Infinitive (if you don’t remember, this can also be part of a compound predicate, or represent a subject, object, attribute, circumstance.
Syntactic role of participle
The participle has the same grammatical properties as the adjective, so it often acts as an agreed definition in a sentence. However, its relationship with the verb also allows the participle in some cases to be a nominal part of a compound predicate, but this is typical only for short forms. In addition, a participle with dependent words forms the so-called which, being an indivisible construction, can be almost any minor member.
Syntactic role of the gerund
The participle in a sentence acts only as a circumstance. However, in composition it can become another minor member of the sentence, but it is important to remember that the turnover is considered as a whole.
Syntactic role of the pronoun
The role of a pronoun directly depends on which category it belongs to. Since the variety of pronouns gives them wide possibilities, they can act as subject, predicate, determiner and object - depending on the context.
The syntactic role of the numeral
Numerals in a sentence can be either a subject or a predicate, or a definition or adverbial tense. As you can see, nothing complicated.
In the course of studying morphology, students at each school level have to study parts of speech. Children learn the constant and inconstant signs of an adjective already in the fifth grade. We will analyze their features in detail.
Adjective
This group of parts of speech is colorful and elegant. Not a single text can do without it, even if it is of scientific content. Adjectives help us describe size (long, big, tiny), tell about someone's appearance (cute, red-haired), indicate colors (white, yellow-blue, purple), reveal feelings (sad, happy, angry).
In its initial form it is used in the masculine singular. The main questions it answers: Which? whose? It is in this version that you can find the word you are looking for in a spelling or explanatory dictionary.
Constant signs
Any literate student knows that all parts of speech have their own characteristics.
The constant and inconstant signs of an adjective are quite difficult to study.
The first are categories. They are usually divided into three groups.
The most productive category is qualitative adjectives. Judging by the name, we can understand that they are intended to describe certain characteristics of objects.
They differ from other categories in that they can form short forms by truncating the ending.
For example: great - great, constant - constant, light - light.
Another special difference is the ability to compare one quality with another. In linguistics this is called degree of comparison.
For example: cool - cooler (cooler) - coolest (coolest).
These features distinguish qualitative adjectives from all others. No other category has so many possibilities.
Remember, if you are in doubt, this is a permanent and non-permanent sign of an adjective, remember that only ranks are classified as the former.
The next group differs from the others in a question. Only possessive adjectives can answer the question " whose?" This category denotes belonging to an animal or person.
For example: wolf trail, shark eye.
The last group is relative adjectives. They tell you what time or place the word refers to. For example: spring drops (season), swimming pool (destination), forest coolness (place).
Variable signs
All characteristics that can change under the influence of something are called unstable. Unlike discharges, these may deviate from the initial version.
It is necessary to distinguish between constant and unstable signs of an adjective.
The first thing that needs to be named is the genus. All of them (male, neuter and female) are also inherent in the adjective.
For example: wall - dark - water.
Next is the number. This part of speech is used both in the singular and in the plural: any - different.
And, of course, the adjective changes in all cases. In this it is similar to a noun.
The signs of adjectives (constant and inconstant) are indicated during morphological analysis. We will indicate his plan below in the article.
Role in sentence
Constant and inconstant signs of an adjective are studied in great detail in Russian language lessons.
In addition, all its possible syntactic functions are examined in detail.
Since it answers the question “which?”, it usually plays the role of a definition in a sentence.
For example: We remember the warm summer evening for a long time.
In the case when the adjective takes on the function of action, it will be a predicate.
For example: The dress was colorful.
Sometimes in the Russian language a phenomenon occurs such as the transition of one part of speech to another. For example, the word "dining room" used to be an adjective. Now it is more often used as a noun, therefore in the nominative case it plays the role of a subject, and in the indirect case it plays the role of a complement.
Sample parsing
Before showing an example, it is necessary to develop a small plan that will help you not get confused by the signs.
- Initial form and question.
- Grammatical features.
- Constant and inconstant sign of an adjective.
- Role in a sentence.
Example: There are guests in a cozy house.
- Cozy is an adjective (what?).
- Sign.
- High quality.
- Masculine gender, prepositional case, singular, complete form, positive degree.
- Function - definition.
Now you can easily perform the analysis yourself. Be careful, adjectives are often confused with participles.
Related materials:
- Constant and inconstant signs of an adjective. Its difference from the sacrament
- What is an adjective? Adjective as part of speech
Project.
"The syntactic role of the adjective."
Material for the lesson
Russian language in 6th grade
prepared by Nikolaenko N.N.
teacher MBOU Kirov Secondary School No. 5
Kagalnitsky district, Rostov region
2015
Fundamental question: what part of the sentence can an adjective be?
Tasks: to develop skills in determining the syntactic role of an adjective.
Work plan .
1. Theoretical data about the adjective as a part of speech:
a) definition;
b) predicate;
c) subject.
2. The degree of popularity of using an adjective as a member of a sentence in various areas of use:
a) a work of art;
b) scientific style;
c) oral speech.
3. Conclusion.
Hypothesis.
Adjective can
to be in sentence
any member of the proposal,
but most often
this is the definition.
Syntactic role of the adjective
Definition
Full form
Blue the expanses of the sky are reflected in wide river.
Complex comparative form
More beautiful The drawing was sent to the exhibition.
Superlative form
The most interesting the story was published in most famous newspaper.
Syntactic role adjective
Predicate
Full form
His actions were great .
Short form
Amazing the fate of this person.
Comparative and superlative degrees
He was better everyone. She was the most beautiful of us.
Syntactic role adjective
Subject
Full form
Beautiful And decisive took a step forward.
Complex comparative and superlative degrees
More durable did not give up their positions. Kindest They decided to make donations from them.
Research results. “The degree of popularity of using an adjective as a member of a sentence in various areas of use.
Analyzed:
Oral speech - 5 people;
Literary text - an excerpt from N.V. Gogol’s work “Taras Bulba” (description of the steppe);
Scientific text – paragraph from a biology textbook
6th grade “Structure of seeds”.
Scientific text
100% use of definition.
So.
Adjective
can do any
syntactic role
but most often it is
definition.
- Vocabulary work.
Princess Phonetics will provide an opportunity to remember letters and sounds,
Queen Morphology will remind you about parts of words, parts of speech,
A King Syntax will introduce us with the syntactic role of adjectives in a sentence.
3. A minute of penmanship.
Open your notebooks, write down the number, great job.
Give characteristics of the letter.
Student's full name
Vocabulary work
Work in pairs
Turn on
Independent work
Final grade
Here he is shaking the tree
And the robber whistles,
Here the last leaf is torn off
And he spins him around and around. IN eter.
Over forests, cities,
Over the expanses of fields
Caravans are passing by
Unprecedented ships.
Heading around the earth
These miracle ships. ABOUT blac
He sits under a bush, trembling.
He sees a wolf and runs. Z ayats
Knocking all the time
The trees are being hollowed out.
But it doesn't hurt them
But it only heals. D yatel
The houses stand in two rows,
Ten, forty, a hundred in a row.
And square eyes
They look at each other. U faces
They are racing the puck here with all their might.
And they throw everything at the gate.
Here on the field there is ice everywhere,
We are glad to have such a game! X ok
Air
By the way air choose as many adjectives as there are circles around the word. Compose and write down one sentence and parse the sentence - front-end work.
- What is the definition?
Memo.
Definition -
Name Adjective: - Dear Nouns, let us into your domain, we will help you, we will embellish everything so much that you won’t be able to take your eyes off it!
Noun: - Please, lovely Adjectives. You can use our forms: gender, number and case. Let everything around you become even more beautiful!
All: Together we serve - together we are friends.
View document contents
“The syntactic role of adjectives. »
Subject: Russian language
Date: 12/4/13
Topic: Syntactic role of adjectives.
Objectives: to promote the formation of ideas about the syntactic role of adjectives; promote the formation of calligraphy skills, spelling literacy, the ability to find a definition in a sentence, the development of logical thinking, speech, attention; develop skills of self-analysis and self-control; promote organization, activity, and interest in the subject.
Lesson progress:
Organizational moment.
Message about the topic and objectives of the lesson.
Today we are going to the land of Grammar.
Motivation: “Grammar, grammar! Science is very rigorous. My grammar, I will master you little by little” - In what meaning was the word “I will master” used?
Choose synonyms for this verb (I will learn, I will learn, I will study, I will overcome difficulties, I will learn to write correctly)
Do you want to learn this?
If so, I invite you all and this amazing country of Grammar, ruled by the King of Syntax, the Queen of Morphology and the Princess of Phonetics.
Princess Phonetics will provide an opportunity to remember letters and sounds,
Queen Morphology will remind you about parts of words, parts of speech,
A King Syntax will introduce us with the syntactic role of adjectives in a sentence.
This means that we will learn what role the adjective plays in a sentence.
3. A minute of penmanship.
Let's start with a moment of penmanship.
Open your notebooks, write down the number, great job.
Let's play the game "The Letter Got Lost." B, c, d, l, d, g, h
Describe the letter.
Write the letters, do a cursive writing exercise.
Today we will work with a sheet of self-analysis and self-control of grades, at the end of the lesson we will summarize.
| Student's full name |
||||
| Vocabulary work | Work in pairs | Turn on | Independent work | Final grade |
Vocabulary work.
Riddles are provided, students independently write down words and determine spellings.
Here he is shaking the tree
And the robber whistles,
Here the last leaf is torn off
And he spins and spins... IN
eter.
Over forests, cities,
Over the expanses of fields
Caravans are passing by
Unprecedented ships.
Heading around the earth
These miracle ships. ABOUT
blac
He sits under a bush, trembling.
He sees a wolf and runs. Z
ayats
Knocking all the time
The trees are being hollowed out.
But it doesn't hurt them
But it only heals. D
yatel
The houses stand in two rows,
Ten, forty, a hundred in a row.
And square eyes
They look at each other. U faces
They are racing the puck here with all their might.
And they throw everything at the gate.
Here on the field there is ice everywhere,
We are glad to have such a game! X
ok
Use the first letters to form the last vocabulary word. Air . Self-test and self-assessment on the assessment sheet
What part of speech do all vocabulary words belong to? Tell us everything about the noun.
By the way air choose as many adjectives as there are circles around the word. Compose and write down one sentence and do a syntactic analysis of the sentence - frontal work.
Remember what you know about the properties of air?
- What role does an adjective play in a sentence?
- What is the definition?
- What questions does the definition answer?
- How do we indicate a definition in writing?
Memo.
Definition - this is a minor member of a sentence that answers the questions: “which?”, “which?”, “which?”, “which?”, “whose?”, “whose?”, “whose?”, “whose?” and denotes the attribute of an object. Definitions are usually expressed with adjectives and underlined with a wavy line.
5. Dramatization of the fairy tale “Humble Petitioners.”
Listen and answer why the fairy tale is called that?
Adjective:- Dear Nouns, let us into your domain, we will help you, we will embellish everything so much that you won’t be able to take your eyes off it!
Noun:- Please, lovely Adjectives. You can use our forms: gender, number and case. Let everything around you become even more beautiful!
Author: The Nouns liked the Modest petitioners, took them in, and at the same time lent them their forms. This is how Adjectives still live. To agree with Nouns, they borrow forms of gender, number and case.
All: Together we serve - together we are friends.
Teacher: So, who in the fairy tale are called Humble Petitioners?
Conclusion: What gender, number and case is a noun, what gender, number and case is an adjective.
6.Work in pairs.
Read the word. Match the noun with as many adjectives as possible. With one adjective, compose and write a sentence, determine the gender, number, and case of the adjective.
1p – birch 2p – toy 3p – friend 4p – notebook
5p - pen 6p - pencil 7p - apple 8p - carrot
Physical exercise.
Peed, read,
Get up, walk,
Shout, be silent,
Dance, knock,
Wave, stretch,
Blink, smile,
Sit, whisper,
Calm down, take a nap...
Now everyone get up
And get down to business.
7. "Turn on"
From nouns, form singular adjectives. Write them down. Make up and write a sentence using the highlighted word. We write down the best sentence and do a syntactic analysis of the sentence. The highlighted word is phonetic analysis.
River - ..., joy - ..., milk - ..., star - ..., sadness - ..., forest-… .
8. Independent work.
Read the text, using adjectives in the correct forms of gender and number. Write down the highlighted sentence and do a syntactic analysis of the sentence.
It's deep... autumn outside. Boring picture! It rains often. Autumn... wind rips off the last... leaves from the trees. The birds of passage have long since flown away. The morning frost covered the puddles with thin... ice.
Using supporting phrases, compose and write a short story on the theme “Winter Morning”. Underline the plural adjectives. Determine their case.
Early morning, clean snow, fluffy frost, fragile ice, cheerful guys.
9*. (additional material) Linguistic task - the game “Choose the word”.
* Sunny, cheerful......... day
* Clear, cold............. weather
* Gray, gloomy........... morning
* Brown, blue - ……….. eyes
*Autumn, spring............... holidays
Self-test. (Teacher reads)
10. Lesson summary. - Which country did we travel to?
What did Princess Phonetics, Queen Morphology, King Syntax introduce us to?
What role does an adjective play in a sentence?
11. Homework. Page 86 ex. 261
Russian language lesson in 3rd grade
Subject: The role of the adjective in a sentence. Definition.
Lesson type: lesson in learning new knowledge and skills.
Target: familiarizing students with the syntactic role of adjectives in a sentence.
Lesson objectives:
To form a concept about the syntactic role of the adjective in a sentence.
Develop sentence parsing skills, spelling vigilance, and memory.
Cultivate an interest in reading poetic works.
Methods: verbal, visual, partially search, practical, independent work.
Shapes: frontally – collective, individual, collective, in groups.
Equipment: writing on the board, table “Parsing a simple sentence”, diagram, textbook.
Lesson progress
Organizational moment.
Emotional mood.
Look, my friend, at the window,
what a good day!
Like summer, the sun is shining,
The wind is a gentle passerby.
And to my class today
the rays also ran in,
And they laugh and play,
and not at all tired!
Let this mood
will last the entire lesson.
Let's sayNo, idle friends,
May the lesson be of use to us!
“You are talented children, someday you will be pleasantly surprised at how smart you are, how much and how well you can do, if you constantly work on yourself, set new goals and strive to achieve them!”
Today I wish you to be convinced of the correctness of the words of the French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
Checking homework.
Adjective definition.
Guess the part of speech:
With me your speech is beautiful and precise,
When I’m not there, she, alas, is poor.
People, animals, the world of feelings, concepts, any thing.
I can easily define the inflorescence of wondrous words!
- what do you know about the adjective?
(students remember everything they know about the adjective:
what questions does it answer, what does it mean,
what kind of speech it is, how it changes.
What does it agree with, what role does it play in speech).
Response plan (slide 6)
What is an adjective?
How do adjectives change?
In speech they use... (adjectives are synonyms, adjectives are antonyms)
Definition.
Summary: (slide 7)
Independent part of speech.
Indicates an attribute of an object.
Answers the questions: Which one? Which? Which? Which?
Updating basic knowledge.
Work in groups.
Group 1 “Winter” - write down the adjectives in groups:
m.r., f. r. With. r.
white green cold
fluffy tender yellow
first small bright
pl. number: tall, soft
Group 2 Spring” - choose antonyms
White – black
Curve - straight
Long – short
Hot – cold
Fat – thin (thin)
Soft – hard
Full - hungry
Group 3 “Summer” - replace repeated adjectives with synonyms
Group 4 “Autumn” - “assemble” a sentence, draw a picture.
There was a lot of fluffy snow on the roof of the hut.
Fizminutka
"Drawing with the nose" (exercise to strengthen neck muscles)
Close your eyes and imagine that your nose has become long.
Write the word yellow with your nose. What does the color yellow mean?
(color of warmth, joy, calm..)
"Far - Close" (exercise to strengthen the eye muscles).
Quickly find the object with your eyes.
(window, notebook, board, textbook, door, desk, ceiling, pen)
Breathing exercises.
On the count of 1, 2, 3, 4, take a deep breath,
on 1, 2, 3, 4 - stop breathing,
1,2,3,4 - exhale slowly.
Work on the topic of the lesson.
Making a notebook using dictation from the board. (slide 16)
A minute of penmanship
Vocabulary work "Riddles"
We write down the answers in a notebook (writing on the board)
*Scarlet sugar inside,green velvet caftan.(watermelon)
*There is a long green one in the garden, and a salty yellow one in the tub.. (cucumber)
*It is bitter in haymaking, but sweet in frost. What kind of berry?(rowan)
*A ripe fragrant berry grows in a forest clearing.(strawberry)
*Alenka is standing: green scarf, thin waist, white sundress.(birch)
*Thick grasses are braided, meadows are curled, and I myself am all curly, even with a curl of an horn.(ram)
*It is motley, eats green, gives white.(cow)
*A little boy in a gray army jacket scurries around the yards, collecting crumbs.(sparrow)
*A blue airplane landed on a yellow dandelion.(dragonfly)
*Fluffy cotton wool floats somewhere.(cloud)
*The body is made of wood, but the head is iron.(hammer)
Test yourself: (slide 30)
4. Introducing a new lesson topic:
Creative work: “Compose - ka” (slide 31)
A cold, snowy winter has arrived. Light snow is falling from the sky. He wrapped a small green Christmas tree in a soft fluffy blanket. A huge snowdrift grew under the big old pine tree. The forest is beautiful in winter!
Fill in the missing adjectives;
Determine the case of adjectives;
- 1.2 sentences – perform syntactic analysis, determine which part of the sentence is the adjective? – (new topic - teacher explains)
This means that the ADJECTIVE DEFINES T is a sign of an object!
What can you call a member of a sentence that determines the attribute of an object?
DEFINITION.
Let's determine which part of the sentence the adjectives are.
What assumptions do you have?
- we know:
(we already know the subject - this is a noun - who?, what?,
predicate is a verb - what does it do?)
Adjectives are minor parts of a sentence.
Conclusion: The adjective in a sentence is a minor member of the sentence -definition. It is emphasized by a wavy line.
5.Reading the rule on page 132
Test yourself: Checking the assimilation of the studied material.
- Logical dictation. (put a + sign if you agree with the statement;
sign - if you don’t agree with the statement;)
1. an adjective is part of a word;
2. adjectives answer the questions who? What? ;
3. an adjective denotes a characteristic of an object;
4. the adjective changes according to gender;
5. adjectives can only be masculine or feminine;
6. the adjective does not change according to numbers;
7. adjectives are secondary members of the sentence;
8. the adjective in a sentence is a minor member - a definition;
9. a masculine adjective has the endings – й, - ой, - й;
10. a feminine adjective has the endings – aya, - aya;
Peer review
VI. Summing up the lesson.
What part of speech did we talk about and consolidate our knowledge?
What part of the sentence can an adjective be?
How is an adjective indicated in a sentence?
Reflection.
Today in class we did a lot of tasks together, working in groups and pairs. (clap)
How do you evaluate your work? work in pairs? work in a group? (clap)
I think you are convinced that you are talented and smart children. You just need to learn how to apply your knowledge correctly. Good luck to you in achieving your goals! Thanks for the lesson!
VII. Lesson grades with comments.
VIII.Homework.
