December 9th is the Day of Heroes of the Fatherland. From the statute of the order

Day of Heroes of the Fatherland

The date December 9 for such a holiday was not chosen by chance. Empress Catherine the Second established a new award on this day in 1769. She received the Order of St. George the Victorious. The appearance of this order became one one of the most important events of her reign. In those days, this order was awarded to warriors who showed particular valor and bravery in battle.

This order had 4 degrees of distinction, the first of which was the highest.. In 1807, soldier George was established on the model of this award. It was a silver insignia of a military order, which was intended for lower ranks. In 1856 it was also divided into four degrees.

Over all the years of existence in the register of state awards of the order, the motto of which was “For service and courage,” only four people became knights of all 4 of its degrees. This is His Serene Highness Prince Mikhail Illarionovich Golenishchev-Kutuzov, Prince Mikhail Bogdanovich Barclay de Tolly, His Serene Highness Prince Ivan Fedorovich Paskevich (Warshavsky), Count Ivan Ivanovich Dibich-Zabalkansky (Johann Karl Friedrich Anton von Diebich). In addition, Catherine II also decided to honor herself with this award in honor of the establishment of the order.

Historians generally believe that Catherine II herself became the first holder of the Order of St. George the Victorious. However, in current historiographical “reports” the Empress is not mentioned as a holder of this order, and the first name is Fyodor Ivanovich Fabritsian (at the time of receiving the order - lieutenant colonel) - the hero of the Russian-Turkish war of 1768-1774. Lieutenant Colonel Fabritian was awarded for the fact that, with a combined detachment of about 1.6 thousand people, he occupied the city of Galati, defeating a Turkish formation of 7 thousand people.

In our country, on December 9, the Feast of the Knights of St. George was celebrated. It was celebrated until 1917. The last time the Knights of St. George (both officers, generals and ordinary soldiers) were honored in pre-revolutionary Russia was on November 26, 1916. As it seemed then to the people who stood at the head of the revolution, the new country had no demand not only for the holiday, but also for the heroes themselves, because in fact everyone who opposed the previous government was recognized as heroes.

And after the October Revolution, this order and holiday were abolished. During Soviet times, these awards were replaced by new ones.

In April 1934, the title of Hero of the Soviet Union was established in the USSR with the additional insignia “Golden Star” (the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on the addition to the title in the form of a “Golden Star” was signed only more than 3 years later - in August 1939) .

And the pilot Anatoly Vasilyevich Lyapidevsky becomes the first Hero of the Soviet Union. He was awarded for the heroic rescue of passengers of the Chelyuskin motor ship, trapped in the ice of the Arctic Ocean, and then sunken, having made 29 search flights in an impenetrable snowstorm. Lyapidevsky discovered the camp, landed on the ice floe and took out 12 people, including two children, on board the ANT-4 aircraft. It should be noted that Anatoly Vasilyevich performed the operation literally a few days after the disaster that the plane of another Soviet pilot Sigismund Levanevsky suffered at Cape Onman. Sigismund Levanevsky, by the way, was also nominated for the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, for flying to Alaska to deliver a doctor who performed an emergency operation on one of the members of the Chelyuskin polar expedition.

In 2000, by decree of the President of the Russian Federation, this order was returned to the status of the highest military award. In Russia, on this day it is customary to honor real heroes.

The first hero in the modern history of Russia to receive this award was Colonel General Sergei Makarov, and he received it in 2008. He was awarded this highest award for the courage shown during his service in the North Caucasus region

Nowadays, Hero of the Russian Federation Oleg Peshkov. Lieutenant Colonel of the Russian Aerospace Forces Oleg Peshkov, together with navigator Konstantin Murakhtin, performed military duty in the skies of Syria on a Su-24M with tail number 83. On November 24, 2015, in northern Syria, the bomber was shot down by an F-16 fighter of the Turkish Air Force. The pilots managed to eject. Lieutenant Colonel Oleg Peshkov received at least eight gunshot wounds during his parachute descent - militants, including representatives of the radical ultranationalist organization Gray Wolves, were already hunting the Russian pilots from the ground.

Of course, Russians who have the honorary title of heroes deserve their own holiday. After all, they did so much for their country, risking their own lives and thinking not about their own good, but about the good of their people.

Happy Fatherland Heroes Day
I want to congratulate you all.
I wish you happiness and joy,
Let fate not make a face.

Please accept thanks now
For feat, courage and work.
May your heroics be great
They will go down in our history.

******************************

Denis Davydov was a poet,
A desperate fighter at the same time,
Does not exclude romanticism,
As you can see, courage, heroism.

Heroes don't appear
From computer games forever,
The hero becomes himself
When he's just a person.

When he feels and loves,
When the Fatherland sings,
Not for recognition
He is performing military service.

When he suffers for his homeland,
Often sacrificing oneself,
And her image thinks,
Like the image of a dear mother.

Didn't seem like a hero
Not made of iron, but a hero,
One laughed in the face of his enemies,
And another one covered the bunker with his chest.

There is no need to march in formation,
All we need for Russia is love!
Let us praise, brothers, Heroes' Day,
Let's honor the Fatherland's sons!

Day of Heroes of the Fatherland in Russia is a memorable date that is celebrated in our country every year. It was established by Federal Law of the Russian Federation No. 22-FZ of 2007 “On amendments to Article 1-1 of the Federal Law “On Days of Military Glory and Memorable Dates of Russia”.

It must be said that this holiday dates back to the 18th century. This December date coincides with an outstanding event during the reign of Empress Catherine II - in 1769 she established the Order of St. George the Victorious. In those years, this order was awarded to warriors who showed valor, bravery and courage in battle.

The Order of St. George had 4 degrees of distinction, of which the first was the highest. It is known that 4 people became knights of all four degrees, among whom were the great Russian commanders M.I. Kutuzov and M.B. Barclay de Tolly. Catherine II awarded herself this award in honor of the establishment of the order.

Until 1917, on the day of remembrance of St. George (old style), the Feast of the Knights of St. George was celebrated in Russia. After the October Revolution of 1917, the holiday, as well as the order, were abolished.

The status of the highest military award was returned to the order in 2000 in accordance with Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 1463 of 2000 “On approval of the statute of the Order of St. George, the provisions on the insignia - the St. George's Cross.”

In 2007, Russian parliamentarians put forward the idea of reviving this holiday (which was later established). The authors of the bill explained that the revival of the tradition of celebrating Heroes' Day is not only a tribute to the memory of heroic ancestors, but also a celebration of living Heroes of the Soviet Union, Heroes of the Russian Federation, holders of the Order of St. George and the Order of Glory. They also expressed the hope that the new memorable date will contribute to “the formation in society of the ideals of selfless and selfless service to the Fatherland.”

And today, on the Day of Heroes of the Fatherland - December 9 - Heroes of the Soviet Union, Heroes of the Russian Federation and holders of the Order of St. George and the Order of Glory are honored in Russia.

In honor of this date, in Moscow, in the St. George Hall of the Kremlin, a gala reception is being held with the participation of Heroes of the Fatherland, to which members of the Russian government, members of the Federation Council and State Duma, regional authorities, as well as representatives of faiths, public associations, cultural figures, scientists and art. And in Russian cities, festive concerts, meetings with veterans and other special events are timed to coincide with this day.

Who are they, the heroes of the Fatherland?
Not nobles, but ordinary people!
Their courage is worth a lot,
Russia will not forget their feat!

Happy holiday today
Brave in heart and pure in soul!
We wish you long life and good things,
Our Fatherland is so proud of you!

Take care of your strength and health,
Let there be more happiness in life,
Believe that the people are worthy of it
That your feat is not in vain!

Other holidays and memorable dates on December 9

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In September 2015, the UN General Assembly, at the initiative of Armenia, by its resolution (A/RES/69/323) decided to proclaim December 9 as the International Day of Remembrance of the Victims of the Crime of Genocide, Honoring their Dignity and Prevention of this Crime...

At the initiative of the UN, December 9 is celebrated as International Anti-Corruption Day. On this day in 2003, in the Mexican city of Merida, at the High-Level Political Conference...

A memorable date - the Day of Heroes of the Fatherland - after Russian President Vladimir Putin on December 24, 2007 amended the federal law "On days of military glory and memorable dates of Russia." Until 1917, on December 9 (November 26, old style), the Feast of the Knights of St. George was celebrated in Russia. It was on December 9, 1769 that Catherine II established the Order of St. George the Victorious for soldiers who showed valor, bravery and courage in battle. The status of the highest military award of the Russian Federation was returned to the order in 2000. Since 2007, on December 9, Heroes of the Soviet Union, Heroes of the Russian Federation, holders of the Order of St. George the Victorious and the Order of Glory are honored.

The Order of St. George the Victorious was a purely military insignia and was intended to be awarded only to military ranks “for courage, zeal and zeal for military service and for encouragement in the art of war.” It was awarded to the one “who, having despised obvious danger and shown a valiant example of fearlessness, presence of mind and self-sacrifice, accomplished an excellent military feat, crowned with complete success and delivering clear benefit.” The order, divided into four classes, was the highest military award in Russia. The first degree was the highest degree of the order. Any degree of the Order of St. George gave the right to hereditary nobility. In its statute it was written: “Neither high family, nor previous merits, nor wounds received in battles are accepted into respect when awarded the Order of St. George for military exploits; it is awarded only to those who not only fulfilled their duties in everything according to the oath , honor and duty, but beyond this he marked himself for the benefit and glory of Russian weapons with a special distinction.” The Order of the Fourth Class was also awarded for length of service: 25 years for the army and 18-20 campaigns for the navy (subject to direct participation in at least one battle). Since 1849, the names of the holders of the order were recorded on special marble plaques in the St. George Hall of the Kremlin. In September 1782, the highest manifesto for the Order of St. George was granted in Chesma near St. Petersburg, at the Church of John the Baptist, a special house where the administration of the order, its archive, seal and order treasury were located. At the same time, the Duma of the Order of St. George was established, composed of the Knights of St. George located in St. Petersburg. But the awarding of orders of the first and second degrees took place without consideration of cases in the Duma, only with the approval of the emperor.

In the entire history of pre-revolutionary Russia, 25 people were awarded the insignia of the Order of St. George, first degree. The first holder of the Order of St. George, first degree, was Empress Catherine II herself on the day the order was established. The second is the outstanding Russian commander Pyotr Rumyantsev-Zadunaisky. He was awarded in August 1770 for the brilliant victory over the Turkish army at Larga and Cahul.

Among the recipients of this highest military award were Field Marshal General Grigory Potemkin-Tavrichesky, Generalissimo Alexander Suvorov-Rymniksky, General-in-Chief Count Alexey Orlov-Chesmensky, General-in-Chief Count Pyotr Panin, Prince General-in-Chief Vasily Dolgoruky-Krymsky, Admiral Vasily Chichagov.

The first Order of St. George, second degree, was awarded in August 1770 to General Pyotr Plemyannikov, who showed courage and leadership talent in the battle of Cahul during the Russian-Turkish war of 1768-1774.

The first of the St. George cavaliers of the third degree was Lieutenant Colonel of the First Grenadier Regiment Fyodor Fabritsian, who was awarded this award in December 1769 for the capture of the city of Galati during the Russian-Turkish War.

During this war, the name of the first holder of the Order of St. George, fourth degree, became known - Prime Major of the Kargopol Carabineer Regiment Reinhold von Patkul, who distinguished himself in the battle near the town of Dobr.

Only four were awarded all degrees of the Order of St. George - Prince, Field Marshal General Mikhail Golenishchev-Kutuzov, Prince, Field Marshal General Mikhail Barclay de Tolly, Count, Field Marshal General Ivan Dibich-Zabalkansky and Count, Field Marshal General Ivan Paskevich. Erivansky. Three people were awarded the Order of St. George from the third to the first degree - Field Marshal Grigory Potemkin-Tavrichesky, Generalissimo Alexander Suvorov-Rymniksky, Count Leonty Bennigsen.

However, none of the listed cavaliers could simultaneously have the signs of all degrees of the order: upon receiving the senior degree, the junior was surrendered to the Chapter of Orders. This rule was only lifted in 1857.

After October 1917, a decree of the Council of People's Commissars (SNK) was issued “On the equalization of rights of all military personnel,” which abolished all orders of tsarist Russia.

On March 2, 1992, the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation decided to “restore the Russian military Order of St. George and the insignia - the St. George Cross.”

The statute of the restored order was approved by decree of the President of Russia on August 8, 2000, but until 2008 no awards were made. This is due to the statute of the order, which is awarded for military actions during an attack by an external enemy. On August 13, 2008, in connection with the war in South Ossetia, the statute of the order was changed; it became possible to award it for conducting combat and other operations on the territory of other states while maintaining or restoring international peace and security (peacekeeping operations).

The first holder of the restored Order of St. George, IV degree, was on August 18, 2008, the commander of the North Caucasus Military District, Colonel General Sergei Makarov, for the successful conduct of the operation, officially called “forcing Georgia to peace.” For the same operation, on October 1, 2008, Lieutenant Colonel of the Airborne Forces Special Forces Anatoly Lebed, who had already been awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation, became the second holder of the order of the fourth degree.

Last names, first names and patronymics are recorded for immortalization on marble plaques in the St. George Hall of the Grand Kremlin Palace in Moscow.

The title of Hero of the Soviet Union was the highest degree of distinction in the USSR and was awarded for services to the state associated with the accomplishment of a heroic feat. The title was established by the Decree of the USSR Central Executive Committee of April 16, 1934.

The first titles of Hero of the Soviet Union were awarded on April 20, 1934 to seven pilots (Mikhail Vodopyanov, Ivan Doronin, Nikolai Kamanin, Sigismund Levanevsky, Anatoly Lyapidevsky, Vasily Molokov, Mavrikiy Slepnev), who rescued members of the Arctic expedition and the crew of the icebreaker "Chelyuskin" from an ice floe in the Chukchi Sea ". The first women Heroes of the Soviet Union were pilots Valentina Grizodubova, Polina Osipenko, Marina Raskova, who made a non-stop flight from Moscow to the Far East in 1938. The largest number of awards were made during the Great Patriotic War. The first to be awarded this title on July 8, 1941 were the pilots of the 7th Air Defense Fighter Corps, who rammed fascist planes on the outskirts of Leningrad - Pyotr Kharitonov, Stepan Zdorovtsev, Mikhail Zhukov.

In total, more than 11,600 people were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for heroic deeds performed during the Great Patriotic War. Four times the title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded to the outstanding commander Georgy Zhukov and General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee Leonid Brezhnev, three times to Marshal Semyon Budyonny, pilots Ivan Kozhedub and Alexander Pokryshkin.

For feats accomplished in the post-war period, the title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded to test pilots, submariners - participants in round-the-world passages and long voyages, cosmonaut pilots, defenders of Soviet borders, and other soldiers of the army and navy. In total, over 13,000 people have been awarded the Hero Star since its existence.

The last Hero of the Soviet Union was in October 1991, 35-year-old captain of the third rank Anatoly Solodkov - he made a record dive to a depth of 120 meters during scientific experiments.

The Order of Glory was established on November 8, 1943 on the initiative of Stalin. Intended to reward privates and sergeants. The order had several features that no other domestic award had: it is the only military distinction intended to be awarded exclusively to soldiers and sergeants (in aviation, also to junior lieutenants). The Order of Glory is the only order of the USSR that was issued only for personal merit and was never issued to military units, enterprises, or organizations; The statute of the order provided for the promotion of gentlemen of all three degrees in rank, which was an exception for the Soviet award system. The badges of different degrees of the order differed from each other in the materials of manufacture: the badge of the third degree was made of silver, the badge of the second degree was made of silver, and the central circle with drawings and inscriptions was made of gold; the sign of the first degree is entirely made of gold. The right to award the Order of Glory of the third degree was granted to commanders of formations from the brigade commander and above, the Order of Glory of the second degree - from the commander of the army (flotilla), and the first degree of the order could only be awarded by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

The first reliably established award of the Order of Glory took place on November 13, 1943, when the award of the Order of the third degree to sapper Vasily Malyshev was signed. The order to award the Order of Glory, second degree, was first signed on December 10, 1943; The sappers of the 10th Army of the First Belorussian Front, privates Sergei Baranov and Andrei Vlasov, became cavaliers, and by the end of the war they received the first degree of the order. The first decree on awarding the Order of Glory, first degree, was signed on July 22, 1944. They were awarded to the sapper - Corporal Mitrofan Pitenik and the assistant platoon commander, Senior Sergeant Konstantin Shevchenko. The awarding of the Order of Glory continued from November 1943 until the summer of 1945. During this period, 980 thousand people became holders of the third degree of the order, 46 thousand became holders of the second degree, and 46 thousand became holders of the first degree, i.e. full holders of the order - 2562 people.

In 1967 and 1975, additional benefits were introduced for full holders of the Order of Glory, giving them equal rights with Heroes of the Soviet Union.

The main state award of modern Russia - the title of Hero of the Russian Federation - was established by the Law of the Russian Federation of March 20, 1992. The same Law established a sign of special distinction - the Gold Star medal. According to the Regulations approved by the Law, the title of Hero of the Russian Federation is awarded by the President of the Russian Federation for services to the state and people associated with the accomplishment of a heroic feat. The Hero of the Russian Federation is awarded a sign of special distinction - the Gold Star medal - and a certificate of conferment of this title.

"Golden Star" number 1 (Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of April 11, 1992) immortalized the feat of cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev. He is also the first holder of the highest honors of both the USSR and Russia at the same time: he became a Hero of the Soviet Union back in April 1989. The second Gold Star medal for feat in the performance of military duty was posthumously awarded to Aviation Major General Sulambek Askanov.

Many of those who, being worthy of the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for front-line exploits during the Great Patriotic War, still did not become such in their time, receive the award today as Heroes of Russia. Three front-line women were the first to receive this title in 1994, two of them posthumously: intelligence officer Vera Voloshina, who was shot by the Nazis, and aviation commander Ekaterina Budanova, who shot down 10 fascist planes. Another Hero was Lydia Shulaikina, who fought in the attack aviation of the Baltic Fleet. In total, about 100 participants of the Great Patriotic War were awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation. The title of Hero of the Russian Federation is currently awarded for courage and heroism to soldiers who fought in “hot spots”, for outstanding achievements in the exploration of outer space, new aviation technology, and special services to the state and people.

For special services to the state and people, Heroes of the Soviet Union, Heroes of the Russian Federation and full holders of the Order of Glory in accordance with the Law “On the status of Heroes of the Soviet Union, Heroes of the Russian Federation and full holders of the Order of Glory” are provided with the following benefits:

Increasing all types of pensions for old age, long service, disability and loss of a breadwinner in the amount provided for by pension legislation;

Exemption from taxes, fees, duties and other payments to the budget, in the amounts provided for by tax legislation;

Priority free personal and free care for family members (spouses, parents, children under 18 years of age) in outpatient clinics of all types and types;

Priority free provision of medicines purchased according to doctor’s prescriptions, home delivery of medicines based on a doctor’s opinion;

Free production and repair of dentures (except for those made of precious metals);

First priority to receive a free voucher to a sanatorium, dispensary or holiday home once a year, and for members of their families - for 25% of the cost. All types of medical care in sanatoriums, dispensaries and rest homes, as well as food, are provided free of charge. The right to free travel to and from the place of treatment is also provided;

Exemption of Heroes, full holders of the Order of Glory and members of their families living with them from paying for housing and utility bills, fees for the use of a private security alarm system for housing, regardless of the type of housing stock, expenses for paying for the use of a home telephone are compensated in full;

Free receipt of ownership of occupied residential premises;

Priority improvement of living conditions while providing additional living space of up to 20 square meters. m;

Free provision of ownership of land plots for individual housing construction, dacha construction, personal subsidiary farming, gardening and vegetable gardening in the amounts established in accordance with the Land Code of the Russian Federation, but not less than 0.20 hectares in cities and urban-type settlements and 0. 40 hectares in rural areas;

Free major home repairs;

Priority use of all types of communication services, priority and free installation of home telephones, priority and free equipment of housing with private security alarms;

Free personal travel twice a year (round trip) by rail, water transport, air or intercity road transport;

Free personal use of intracity transport, commuter trains, and in rural areas - intraregional buses.

Free burial, etc.

On December 9, Russia celebrates a memorable date, which in the official calendar is called the Day of Heroes of the Fatherland. In 2015, Heroes Day will be celebrated for the eighth time. This date first appeared on the calendar as a memorable day in 2007, when the State Duma of the Russian Federation decided to revive the pre-revolutionary holiday - Knight of St. George's Day. It is for this reason that December 9 was chosen as the date for celebrating the Day of Heroes of the Fatherland - the day when the Order of St. George the Victorious was established in the Russian Empire.

The establishment of the order by Empress Catherine II took place on December 9 (according to another version - 7) (November 26, old style) 1769. The Order of St. George the Victorious is the highest award of the Russian Empire, which was awarded to military personnel of the Russian army for valor shown in battle, as well as for length of service in military ranks.

From the decree:

For the defeat, with a detachment of 1,600 men entrusted to him, near the city of Galati, on November 15, 1769, of a very large enemy army against the same number and taking possession of it.

The last time the Knights of St. George (both officers, generals and ordinary soldiers) were honored in pre-revolutionary Russia was on November 26, 1916. As it seemed then to the people who stood at the head of the revolution, the new country had no demand not only for the holiday, but also for the heroes themselves, because in fact everyone who opposed the previous government was recognized as heroes.

However, the cloudless, war-free future that certain people in the new leadership of the state dreamed of in connection with the “impending victory of the world revolution” did not happen. Russia, even after changing its name, has not ceased to be a target for those states that in recent years it has become customary to call “partners” and “friends” exclusively in quotation marks. As a result, the need for those people who are ready to sacrifice themselves for the sake of the inaccessibility of state borders, for the sake of what is called state sovereignty, without which Russia itself is unthinkable, was restored by itself. But the first award found the Hero in connection with his completely different merits.

From the resolution of the USSR Central Executive Committee:

Establish the highest degree of distinction - awarding the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for personal or collective services to the state associated with the accomplishment of a heroic feat.

Anatoly Lyapidevsky died in 1983 and was buried in Moscow at the Novodevichy cemetery. Streets in the capital, Grozny, Omsk, Yaroslavl, Artyom and other cities of the country are named after him. The flight technical college in Omsk was named after the first Hero of the Soviet Union.

From a poem by Felix Chuev:

...And he meets you at the door, smiling like a child,
Although childhood has added a lot of gray hairs,
Anatoly Vasilievich, Lyapidevsky himself,
Which has asterisk number one.

These days the country is mourning the Hero of the Russian Federation Oleg Peshkov. Lieutenant Colonel of the Russian Aerospace Forces Oleg Peshkov, together with navigator Konstantin Murakhtin, performed military duty in the skies of Syria on a Su-24M with tail number 83. On November 24, 2015, in northern Syria, the bomber was shot down by an F-16 fighter of the Turkish Air Force. The pilots managed to eject. Lieutenant Colonel Oleg Peshkov received at least eight gunshot wounds during his parachute descent - militants, including representatives of the radical ultranationalist organization Gray Wolves, were already hunting the Russian pilots from the ground.

Konstantin Murakhtin managed to escape, and a few hours later he was discovered by Russian and Syrian special forces, who took the captain to the Khmeimim airbase. The body of Lieutenant Colonel Peshkov was delivered to Russia on November 30. The Russian hero pilot was buried in the central alley of the Lipetsk cemetery with full military honors. Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a decree awarding Lieutenant Colonel Oleg Peshkov the title of Hero of the Russian Federation posthumously. The same presidential decree speaks of the posthumous awarding of private (sailor) Alexander Pozynich, who participated in the search and rescue operation, with the Order of Courage. The Order of Courage was also awarded to the navigator of the Russian bomber shot down in the skies over Syria, Captain Konstantin Murakhtin, who in a conversation with journalists promised to return to duty and avenge his deceased commander.

On this day, “Military Review” bows deeply to all those who defended and are defending the Motherland, who, without worrying about receiving orders and other regalia, honestly fulfill their duty. All of you are real Heroes of the Fatherland, and today is your holiday!