“Analysis of the story “Petka at the Dacha” by L. Andreeva. Portrait characteristics of the hero in the story by L.N.

Composition

The story belongs to highly social works and is often compared in criticism with the work of A.P., which is similar in plot and issues. Chekhov's "Vanka". At the center of the story “Petka at the Dacha” is the fate of a child from a poor family, sent as an apprentice to a hairdresser and doing the most difficult and dirty work. Andreev emphasizes the menacing look that hairdresser Osip Abramovich casts at the boy. At times he whispers threats foreshadowing punishment.

The story has a ring composition. Its action begins and ends with approximately the same scene in the hairdresser's. Moreover, the quarter where it is located is filled with houses of cheap debauchery. There are constant fights, bad words, and drunkenness. And against the backdrop of this seamy side of life, the hero of the story spends his childhood in constant work. The writer does not skimp on artistic details depicting the vulgarity of the environment. These are the indifferent faces of dirty and strangely dressed visitors, and a picture covered in flies on the wall of a hairdressing salon, and pictures of drunken massacres disgusting in their cruelty.

The horror of the situation emphasizes its hopeless monotony. All days are alike, like siblings. They are even more depersonalized by the same cry: “Boy, water.” There are no holidays. Drawing a portrait of the hero, L.N. Andreev shows how such a hopeless life dries up a child’s soul. Petka is losing weight and has bad scabs and fine wrinkles. L.N. Andreev writes that the boy becomes like an aged dwarf.

One day, the owner lets Petka go stay at the dacha, where his mother serves as a cook, and he seems to find himself in heaven: relaxing, swimming, exploring with interest the ruins of an ancient palace. Outside the city, Petka sees for the first time a clear and wide sky, white joyful clouds that look like angels. This sky becomes a certain symbol of happiness, freedom, peace, the breadth of the world, open to the inquisitive gaze of a child. L.N. Andreev emphasizes how organic this world is for a child’s consciousness. The boy, who had never been to a dacha before, becomes so accustomed to his surroundings in two days that he forgets that Osip Abramovich and his hairdresser exist in the world. But the happiness suddenly ends: the boy is ordered to return to his boring, exhausting duties. The reader unfolds the true tragedy of a child who was deprived of his childhood. Petka reacts to the current situation like a boy: he screams and cries. But soon the hero calms down and dutifully returns to his duties. The master and lady sincerely feel sorry for the boy, but instead of real help, they only remember that someone in this world is living even worse now. Then, with a clear conscience, they go to the dance to have fun.

With his story L.N. Andreev seeks to attract the attention of the progressive public to the situation of children in capitalist society. After all, true humanism does not consist in pitying a child, but in helping him. Such real help is provided to the boy Sashka from the story “Angel” by the Svechnikovs, who pay for his education at the gymnasium. However, the strength of the artistic exposure of cruel capitalist morals in the work is such that the conclusion suggests itself that it is possible to change the position of children in society only at the state level. Individual philanthropists will not solve the situation radically.

Petka's fate can be considered typical for that time of the fate of a child from a poor family. It is no coincidence that the story depicts the figure of another boy - Nikolka, who is three years older than Petka. Listening to the dirty stories that Nikolka tells about visitors, Petka thinks that someday she will be the same as Nikolka. “But for now he would like to go somewhere else,” emphasizes L.N. Andreev.

teacher of the highest qualification category.

Literary reading lesson in 4th grade

Place of work: Municipal budget

educational institution

"Gymnasium No. 3 of the city of Zelenodolsk

Topic: Two worlds in L. Andreev’s story “Petka at the Dacha”

(Second lesson on the topic. In the first lesson, children learned about the author, read the work, and did vocabulary work).

Target: compare two worlds: the living, shining world of the dacha and the “dead” world of the hairdresser; see the rebirth of the hero under the influence of new vivid impressions and experiences. Learn to draw conclusions about the character of the hero based on actions and emotional manifestations. To instill in children a sense of compassion, empathy for people, to teach them how to find a way out of difficult life situations.

Equipment: children's drawings based on the work, cards, tape recorder, mirror, basket with vegetables and fruits.

During the lesson, students develop the following universal learning actions:

Personal: teach to trace the fate of a literary hero and navigate his personal experiences, to form a person’s sense of responsibility for himself and loved ones, a feeling of love, attention, care, compassion, empathy.

Regulatory: be aware of the stages of educational work, make the necessary adjustments to one’s activities depending on its results, construct statements taking into account the educational task, independently work with a book and highlight the necessary information, take initiative when answering questions and completing assignments.

Cognitive: adequately perceive a literary text, summarize information, draw conclusions, make comparisons on given textual material, select, systematize and record the necessary information, build logical reasoning, including establishing cause-and-effect relationships.

Communicative: express your feelings in oral speech, build monologues and participate in dialogue, taking into account the position of your interlocutors, the mood of other people, show empathy for the hero of a literary work, take part in the work of a group, express your opinion about the phenomena of life reflected in the text.

Subject results: read text at a speed that allows you to understand the meaning of what you read; retell the text briefly and in detail, draw up an outline of the text and use it, answer questions about the content of the text, correlate impressions with your life experience, independently find in the text simple means of depicting and expressing the hero’s feelings, express your opinion about the hero and his actions, highlight the main idea and main problems of the work.

During the classes:

1. Organizational moment. Introduction to the topic.

On the table there is a basket with fruits and vegetables and a mirror.

U: Guys, what did the objects that you see in front of you remind you of? What work are they associated with?

D: - A basket with fruits and vegetables reminds of summer, of relaxing in the country

These items are related to the work “Petka at the Dacha,” or rather, the mirror reminded of Petka’s life in the hairdresser’s, and the fruit basket reminded him of his life at the dacha.

Looking at these objects, we can say that during the lesson we will talk about Leonid Andreev’s work “Petka in the Dacha”

2. Updating knowledge.

W: Who is this story about? Restore the chain of events from the drawings. Make a picture plan.

Children's drawings are placed on the board, from which children choose those suitable for drawing up a picture plan, justifying their choice and drawing up a story plan:

1. Life in a hairdresser.

2. Petka on the train

3.Petka at the dacha.

4. Return to the city

Children conclude: in order to show Petka’s inner state, the author uses different colors - the world of the hairdressing salon seems gray and boring, monotonous, and the drawings representing the world of the dacha are bright, filled with a variety of colors.

3. Comparative analysis of the world of the hairdressing salon and the world of the dacha.

U: Two worlds appear before us: the world of the hairdresser and the world of the dacha. How do you see them?

Work is underway in pairs - compiling a description of the world of the dacha and the world of the hairdresser using adjectives

WORLD OF HAIRDRESSING WORLD OF DACHI

Primitive Bright

Monotonous Amazing

Boring Light

Cold Delicious

Gloomy Live

Indifferent Happy

Joyless Shining

Ruthless New

Horrible Interesting

Also, so that we can better understand how bad Petka was at the hairdresser, and how good he felt at the dacha.

4. Drawing up a portrait of Petka.

U: How did you imagine Petka? To answer the question, I suggest working in groups.

Using suitable passages from the text, compose a portrait of the main character.

1 group. Petka in the hairdresser.

2nd group. Petka on the train.

3rd group. Petka at the dacha.

4th group. Return of Petka.

Results of the groups' work:

Petka in the hairdresser:“A thin, freckled boy, sleepy eyes, a half-open mouth, dirty hands, scabs on his shorn head, small wrinkles around the eyes and under the nose. He looks like an aged dwarf. Sleepy, tired, sad, he wants to go somewhere else, away from the hairdresser, but he doesn’t know where yet. He misses his mother, but cannot express his feelings when meeting her.”

Petka on the train:“Petka stuck to the window, and only his shorn head was spinning on a thin neck, as if on a metal rod. Petka’s eyes have long ceased to look sleepy, and the wrinkles have disappeared. It was as if someone had passed a hot iron over this face, smoothed out the wrinkles and made it white and shiny. He felt that his life would change for the better. He was both happy and anxious, because he didn’t know what awaited him at the dacha, but he felt that it was better there than in the hairdresser.”

Petka at the dacha:“Cheerful, delighted with the world of the dacha. He began to look better, he felt better because his mother was nearby, he gained weight and began to look like a full-fledged person. Petka felt at home at the dacha and completely forgot that the hairdresser and Osip Abramovich existed. He truly felt the taste of childhood and found a friend. He was happy".

Return of Petka:“A second-hand school jacket hugged his thin body. Petka no longer fidgeted, but sat quietly. His eyes were sleepy and apathetic. The fine wrinkles were like those of an old man. Petka did not want to return to the terrible hairdresser. He knew that no one liked him there. He had no friends or relatives there with whom he could talk. He was very upset."

W: Are your portraits similar? Why not? After all, this is the same person.

Why are these changes happening?

D: - These changes occur to a person because his mood changes, if he is sad, then both his appearance and behavior change.

If a person has grief or trouble, then you can guess about it from his face, from his eyes.

The biggest changes occur with Petka at the dacha. He sees the world in bright colors, its appearance changes, and every day is filled with joyful experiences. It's like he's rediscovering the world.

He understands that this is exactly the place where he so dreamed of getting to in the city. It's like a fairy tale, but with a sad ending, like a dream that has ended. Petka will have to return to the hairdresser, but he doesn’t want that.

W: Which picture do you think is more terrible: the sight of a ten-year-old boy, whose eyes are apathetic and sleepy, and his face is covered with wrinkles like that of an old man, or the sight of the same boy who “screamed louder than the loudest man and began to roll on the ground”?

D: - It’s scary when Petka starts screaming loudly, but he screams and rolls on the ground so that adults understand that he feels bad in the hairdresser.

But I think it’s scarier when he is silent and keeps all the pain inside himself. He should have talked to his mother and the owners, maybe something would have changed. When you talk about your problem, it immediately becomes easier.

U: Indeed, it is much more scary to see a ten-year-old boy with indifferent eyes who has already lost interest in life. But his life is just beginning.

W: Do you think the dacha ruined Petka’s life or gave birth to a spark of hope in him?

D: - I think that there is still hope for the best. After all, when leaving, Petka asked his mother to hide the fishing rod. He hoped to return someday. He will wait for this return, dream about it.

I want to add that the memories of the time spent at the dacha will help him survive in the hairdresser.

5. Summary.

W: What mood does the story create overall? Is it possible to help the hero?

D: - I’m very sorry for the boy who had such a difficult childhood away from his mother, without friends.

I think you should always hope for the best. And the author suggests this to us by calling his mother Nadezhda. I think that she is the one who can change Petkin’s life for the better. If she is nearby, it will be much easier for Petka. And he will become different.

I agree. Mom is the most important person in life. I always consult with her. And I would advise Petka to talk to his mother. Only she can change his life.

6. Homework. Write an essay-reasoning “How can you help Petka”

Story by L.N. Andreev’s “Petka at the Dacha” was first published in the “Magazine for Everyone” in 1899. It was based on the story of the writer’s namesake Ivan Andreev. He was considered the most fashionable hairdresser in Moscow. The story belongs to highly social works and is often compared in criticism with the work of A.P., which is similar in plot and issues. Chekhov's "Vanka".

The genre of the story presupposes a time limitation, which means that we are focused on the narration of a certain period, but not the entire life of the hero. The story is an epic genre, therefore, the author’s attention is focused on the presentation of events. Before us is a story-event. Its content is a separate moment in the life of a boy, whose biography is not described in detail. From the first sentence, the reader finds himself witnessing an event without preparation or explanation, and in the same way he leaves the heroes, as if without listening to the end of their conversation. With the title, the author emphasized the significance of the central episode - staying at the dacha.

The story tells of a clearly disintegratingtwo worlds of life - in the city hairdresser and in the country.

At the center of the story “Petka at the Dacha” is the fate of a child from a poor family, who is sent as an apprentice to a hairdresser and does the most difficult and dirty work.A difficult lot befell the children of old Russia. Poverty and devastation in the country forced parents to send their children to work, otherwise they would not survive or feed themselves. There is hopelessness all around. There is grief all around. And no matter how sorry it was for a mother to give her child to someone else’s house, they had to do this in order to survive. And no matter what, people believed that it was better to be far from home, even if it was hard for the child, but still he would be fed, learn something, and earn a little money. Although these children lived in terrible conditions. Petka was one of these boys, but there were a lot of people like him, and, of course, they still exist today. But today, parents do not send their children to work, but they themselves are forced to leave home in order to somehow feed themselves.

The story has a ring composition. Its action begins and ends with approximately the same scene in the hairdresser's.

After reading the story, we do not immediately find out what the hero’s name was; the author uses the verb called in relation to Petka. This is what a thing is usually called.

Drawing a portrait of the hero, L.H. Andreev shows the life of a child and how the environment affects the boy. Petka is losing weight and has bad scabs and fine wrinkles. L.H. Andreev writes that the boy becomes like an aged dwarf: “... a passerby saw a small, thin figure hunched over in the corner on his chair, immersed either in thoughts or in a heavy sleep. Petka slept a lot, but for some reason he still wanted to sleep, and it often seemed that everything around him was not true, but a long, unpleasant dream.

When describing Petka in the hairdresser, the motif of a dream arises in order to show that during sleep a person excludes himself from the world around him, an attempt to leave, sleep is the only way out of this ugly world.

In the story, mirrors appear “one mirror with a crack, and the other crooked and funny,” in them the author sees a symbolic subtext: the mirror is a reflection of the world, around Petka the world appears crooked, funny, with a crack.

He often spilled water or did not hear a sharp cry: “Boy, water,” and he kept losing weight, and bad scabs appeared on his shorn head. Even undemanding visitors looked with disgust at this thin, freckled boy, whose eyes were always sleepy, his mouth half-open and his hands and neck dirty. Near his eyes and under his nose, thin wrinkles appeared, as if drawn with a sharp needle, and made him look like an aged dwarf.”

Enchanted children are called dwarfs in fairy tales. Petka looks like an old man because he has no real childhood. He was bewitched by life itself, the world around him.

The author describes the environment in which the boy lives and in which his childhood takes place - the quarter where she is located is filled with houses of cheap debauchery. There are constant fights, bad words, and drunkenness.

Wordfilthy most often repeated in descriptions. Only in the first part it is repeated seven times and is the main definition of city life, and in three lexical meanings:

1) dirty, unclean;

2) immoral, immoral;

3) grayish-cloudy.

In the city, the author describes Petka’s behavior: “Petka didn’t know whether he was bored or happy, but he wanted to go to another place, about which he could not say anything, where it was and what it was like. When his mother, the cook Nadezhda, visited him, he lazily ate the sweets brought, did not complain, and onlyasked to take it from here.”

The boy’s life is hopeless, he cannot escape from the dirty and cynical existence of the city, he “thought that someday he would be the same.” “Petka’s days dragged on surprisingly monotonously and were similar to one another, like two siblings.”

Everything during these three years of his life in the hairdresser was the same: in winter and summer, morning and evening, “he served everything and served everything.” The author emphasizes the real estate of frozen time.

One day, Petka’s mother comes to the hairdresser to take him to the dacha. Petka’s mother’s name is Nadezhda, and this name was not chosen by chance, hope for the fulfillment of a wish.

Petka constantly wanted to go “to another place, about which he could not say anything, where it was and what it was like” and that he vaguely hoped that the dacha “was the very place where he was so eager.”

The narration of this part begins with the words: “You never know how long Petka lived.” And this beginning reminds us of a fairy tale. Andreev chooses a fairy-tale form in order to show how Petka’s dream begins to come true in a fairy tale.

Later, the author draws another portrait, when Petka was traveling out of town: “Petka’s eyes have long ceased to look sleepy, and the wrinkles have disappeared. It’s as if someone ran a hot iron over this face, smoothed out the wrinkles and made it white and shiny.”

The boy's behavior changes significantly when he finds himself at the dacha.

Previously constantly immersed in a heavy slumber, Petka perked up, he ran from one window to another, his head spinning on his thin neck, as if on a metal rod. Born and raised in the city, he was amazed at everything new and strange that opened up in the field, and “Petkina’s eyes have long ceased to seem sleepy, and the wrinkles have disappeared. It’s as if someone ran a hot iron over this face, smoothed out the wrinkles and made it white and shiny.” Always sleepy, who seemed like a fool to his own mother, the little apprentice, having escaped the boundaries of the city world, came to life, was transformed, and the resemblance to the old man disappeared; At the same time, the attitude of those around him also changed: instead of disgust, unfamiliar passengers give him smiles. Andreev makes the episode “At the Dacha” dominant because the hero’s “enlightenment” occurs in it.

The author emphasizes the richness and power of new impressions, which turned out to be excessive for the small and timid soul. “This modern savage, snatched from the stone embrace of the urban masses, felt weak and helpless in the face of nature.” The old man’s initial fear and sedateness in comprehending the new, enticing world recede, and two days later a complete agreement with nature was reached. Small discoveries have been made: running barefoot is a thousand times more pleasant than wearing boots, jumping into hopscotch is easier if you puff out your cheeks. Describing swimming in the river, the author compares the boy to a puppy who got into the water for the first time; Isn't the bathing of a dirty hero akin to baptism? Petka had a lot of interesting boyish things to do; he didn’t even have time to waste time on food. Constant employment, which replaced the previous dormant state, had a beneficial effect: he “amazingly looked younger” and forgot that Osip Abramovich’s hairdressing salon existed in the world.

L. Andreev was an extraordinary artist and master of color photography, this is reflected in the color palette: as if black and white photography was replaced by color, colors appeared that went beyond the gray-dirty palette of the urban world, halftones appeared. The writer conveys to us a child’s view of the world around him through words with diminutive suffixes (angels, clouds, houses), comparisons (houses similar to toy ones, the same toy white church), animation of nature (the dark blue sky called to itself and laughed , like a mother).

The comparison with the mother, which is important for the child and the emphasized similarity between the boy’s emotions and animated natural phenomena (joy, thoughtfulness, laughter) leads the reader to understand that this world is dear to Petka and he himself is a natural part of it. The isolation of the dead city gave way to the boundlessness of nature full of life: “...Everything here was alive for him, feeling and having a will.”

Dancing, music, cheerful, laughing, elegant gentlemen... The dacha is a piece of the world of happiness, Petka, having got here, joins this serene existence.

Artistic time of the second part. The passage of time is accelerating, several days are filled with events so that the intensity of a small period of life is greater than in the entire previous existence.

Dacha is a symbol of happiness; Just as the image of the dacha in Petka’s mind is destroyed, so the reader’s faith in the possibility of happiness is destroyed. The city will not allow its defenseless victim to escape, and a fleeting moment of a suburban week only emphasizes the ugliness of the hairdresser and makes life in it even worse. The dirty city has existed and will exist, it will ruin all bright impressions, it is impossible to overcome its influence. The loss of happiness is inevitable: it was predetermined by the fairy-tale style with the introduction of the central fragment.

L.N. Andreev very vividly depicts the boy’s state at the end of the story, when Petka finds out that he will have to return to the city: “But Petka didn’t even think of crying and didn’t understand everything. On the one hand there was the fact of the fishing rod, on the other the ghost - Osip Abramovich. But gradually Petkina’s thoughts began to clear up, and a strange transition occurred: Osip Abramovich became a fact, and the fishing rod, which had not yet had time to dry, turned into a ghost. And then Petka surprised his mother, upset the lady and master, and would have surprised himself if he had been capable of introspection: he didn’t just cry, like city children cry, thin and exhausted, he screamed louder than the loudest man and began to roll on the ground, like those drunk women on the boulevard. His thin little hand clenched into a fist and hit his mother’s hand, the ground, anything, feeling the pain from sharp pebbles and grains of sand, but as if trying to intensify it even more.”

Petka begins to scream and this scream comes from the depths of her soul. And we associate the cry of a child with birth. And we see that a person is born here who knows that there is another world, he knows what is good and what is bad.

The portrait of the boy changes as events unfold, and at the end of the story L.N. Andreev again conveys the image of Petka: “A second-hand school jacket covered his thin body, the tip of a white paper collar stuck out from behind its collar. Petka did not fidget and hardly looked out the window, but sat so quiet and modest, and his little hands were folded gracefully on his knees. The eyes were sleepy and apathetic, thin wrinkles, like those of an old man, huddled around the eyes and under the nose.”

The author shows what this trip out of town meant for Petka, this is the only bright memory of the boy’s childhood. The boy's stories about the dacha at night sound like fairy tales, because they are “about something that does not happen, something that no one has ever seen or heard.” A ringing and excited voice is the only evidence that Petka is a little boy capable of living with feelings.

The author paints Petka’s portrait with great sympathy. The author does not feel disgust, but an acute feeling of pity for the boy.The author feels sorry for Petka, he uses a diminutive form of endearment.

L.N. Andreev in his work reveals the life of Petka, this is a typical life for children from poor families of that time. With his story L.N. Andreev seeks to attract the attention of the progressive public to the situation of children in capitalist society. And the author creates the image of a child using a description of behavior, and in some cases the description of the hero’s behavior can be attributed to an external characteristic, and in some to an internal one. Sometimes behavior reveals the hero's inner state. The author also uses portrait characteristics. The portrait of the boy in the story is dynamic, it changes with the change in the situation surrounding the child. A description of the subject situation is used, which helps to create the image of Petka.

I think the meaning of this work is that: “Every person, whether he is poor or rich, whether he is beautiful or ugly, has at least one day in his life when he is truly happy. Any person should know that very feeling of happiness!”

Petka at the Dacha is a story by Andreev, whom we met at school during a literature lesson in the 5th grade. The author's work is easy to read and reveals to us pressing social problems. This story introduces us to the boy Petka and his fate, which we will talk about in. Andreev's short story Petka at the dacha will help many people get acquainted with the meaning of the work, learn about the life of the main characters and answer other questions that relate to this work.

Petka's story at the dacha summary

So, if we talk about the plot of Petka’s story at the dacha and its summary according to plan, we will meet a ten-year-old boy who was born into a poor family and was apprenticed by his mother to a hairdresser. His entire childhood is spent in service and in fulfilling his duties, that is, cleaning and bringing water. The hairdresser itself was located in a block filled with houses of debauchery, so the boy from the windows of the hairdresser could only see drunk men and half-naked women who were sitting on benches and drinking. Sometimes he watched fights. This is how his life went. Petka worked a lot, didn’t get enough sleep, worked seven days a week. The child, at 10 years old, looked like a little old man, thin and hunched over. But he always hoped to get to the right place, where he would feel good. He asked his mother to pick him up. One day she asked the boy to leave and took him with her to the owners’ dacha. Already on the road the child changed. He came to life. He was interested in everything.

Arriving at the dacha, Petya found himself in an environment unfamiliar to him, where he was afraid of everything, but this passed. Three days later, the child was completely at home. Mitka helped him with this. They went fishing together, played and had fun. Petka’s wrinkles instantly smoothed out. The boy understood - this is the very place he dreamed of. The child was truly happy until a letter arrived from the city. In the letter, the barber demanded that Petka return and begin his duties. And here the child did not just cry. He screamed in an inhuman voice.

But nothing can be done, he still had to return. Only now he drove in silence and did not look out the windows. He returned again to the dirty hairdresser, where monotonous everyday life began again and only at night could he mentally return to the dacha, telling his partner stories about his trip.

Description of Petka

When analyzing Andreev’s story, we will focus on the description of Petka, who is also the main character. At first we see a poor child whose childhood is not interesting. Moreover, one can even say that his childhood was taken away from him, and Petka was consumed by everyday work. Because of this, he walks around sad and does not get enough sleep. Wrinkles appeared in his eyes and he looked like an aged dwarf. However, as soon as he got to the dacha, where he was surrounded by beautiful nature, freshness, freedom, the child was transformed. He felt refreshed, the wrinkles that had aged him disappeared. As strange as it may sound, the child has become younger. He became happy and saw what it was like to be a child with a real childhood. It’s just a pity that everything ended quickly for him, because Petka had to return to the city again.

Petka at the dacha heroes

Speaking about the main characters of Andreev’s story, the main character here is Petka. The secondary characters are his mother, hairdresser Osip Abramovich, Mitka, a high school student, and Nikolka.

Essay based on Andreev’s story “Petka at the Dacha”

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Petka at the dacha
how can you help Petka from the story Petka at the dacha

An essay based on a story by Andreev L.N. "Grand slam" Essay based on Astafiev’s story “The Horse with a Pink Mane”

The story “Petka at the Dacha” was written in 1899 by Leonid Nikolaevich Andreev. The plot of the story is the narration of a short segment of the life of a simple boy and a working-class family. A 10-year-old child has been working as a laborer for a hairdresser for a long time.

the main idea

The story describes the experiences, thoughts and yearnings of the boy, his dreams of a happy place where he will feel good. The main idea of the story is that a child always remains a child. After all, every person should have childhood, freedom and dreams.

Read the summary of Andreev Petka at the dacha

A child’s happiness is games, freedom of action, unity with nature. What is the story “Petka in the Dacha” about? The boy Petya, ten years old, works full time as an assistant hairdresser in a run-down barber shop. At just 10 years old, Petka has already seen a lot. And angry people who are happy about his mistakes and are ready to instantly slap him on the head, drunk women and young guys who are always fighting. And he is used to all this and does not consider it something bad, it is everyday life around him.

A wide-eyed boy looks at the world around him, absorbs it like a sponge, and learns to cope with reality. But his thoughts, which he never voices, are busy with dreams of “another place” where he has never been, but where he will feel good and happy. But one day Petka’s mother, who worked in the city as a cook, took the boy to her dacha gentlemen.

Petka had never been to the dacha. How many shocks Petka suffered. First, he rode a train for the first time through fields and forests. Then he finally arrived at the dacha, which is surrounded by nature. The forest, river, fields and paths - all this at first frightened the boy, and he became quiet, slightly thoughtful and timid. But only two days passed and Petka, having made friends with a neighbor’s boy, began to explore the world around him. However, all good things tend to come to an end.

So one day the boy’s mother received a letter from the hairdresser, indicating that Petka should return and begin his duties. And although the boy understood with his mind that it was necessary to return, that the vacation at the dacha would not be endless, the child’s heart did not want this. Petka held on as best he could, but couldn’t cope and burst into tears in front of the adults. And his tears spoke of his reluctance to become an adult again, to start working again.

These tears were a surge of mental suffering, from the grief of separation from the surrounding nature, about unfinished children's antics. The boy returned to the town, but in memory of the happy holidays, Petka brought with him a homemade fishing rod, which he asked his mother to keep, who, in turn, agreed to do it .

After all, Petka’s mother, although in appearance she is not at all a very gentle woman and is not used to nurturing her child, in fact loves Petka very much, but due to circumstances she cannot stop his work, cannot give him what would be called a happy childhood. And in the city there are still the same drunk women, angry men and a hairdresser. Dejection, melancholy and the adult life of the little boy Petka.

Option 2 summary Petka at the dacha

The hero of the story - Petka works as an errand in a hairdresser's salon. The poor child has nothing else left, otherwise he will die of hunger. And so the owner lets the child go to the dacha, where his mother works as a cook. Life in the lap of nature reminds a child of paradise. And he perceives returning to the city with horror.

The story talks about the isolation of city people from nature and the joy of returning to it. The social theme of the fate of poor children is also important.

The story begins with a scene in a disgusting hairdresser. It's dirty, it stinks, there are curse words, people behave badly. And the child has to work hard, day after day - without any hope of improvement.

From this urban hell, Petka was lucky enough to get to the dacha with his mother. Naturally, it takes him several days to get used to his surroundings. But soon the child becomes himself again - a joyful, curious, cheerful boy. He plays, runs, fishes, and just enjoys life. Everything is fabulous for him, even the clouds seem like angels.

And soon they announce to him that it is time to return again to that gray, rough world. The child screams and cries as if his childhood is being taken away from him. The master and lady see his suffering and even sympathize with him. But for whom is it easy? And they, forgetting about the unfortunate person whom they could easily help, go to have fun.

And Petka returns to serve at the hairdresser. There is his older colleague there - almost a teenager. So he tells dirty stories about visitors and behaves disgustingly. Petka understands that he himself is in danger of becoming like this.

The child does not have the strength to resist the surrounding atmosphere, to change anything in it, or at least, having gained strength at the dacha, to preserve the purity of a child. One feels that here the hero is doomed to “join the ranks” of sad townspeople.

The story about Petka is based on a real story that happened to the writer’s namesake – a fashionable hairdresser.