What is the grammatical basis of a sentence examples. How to help students accurately identify the grammatical basis of a sentence

The main members of the proposal. Subject and predicate

The main members constitute the grammatical basis of the sentence, without which the sentence cannot exist. However, the grammatical basis can be made up of one main member of the sentence. Such sentences are called one-part sentences (that is, they contain only one main member - the subject or predicate).
In addition, sentences are divided into simple and complex. Simple ones have only one grammatical basis. Complex sentences consist of several simple ones, connected by conjunctions, allied words and (or) meaning, and therefore have more than one grammatical basis.

Subject – the main member of the sentence, denoting the subject and answering the questions WHO? WHAT?, an action, state or sign of which is usually revealed by the predicate.

The subject can be expressed by any part of speech.
1. Noun in the nominative case: Income from shares increased by five percent.
2. Pronoun in the nominative case: We came to the conference.
3. Substantivized adjective: Sick called the doctor.
4. Numeral: Seven one is not expected.
5. Infinitive of the verb: Study will always come in handy.

The subject can be expressed both by a phrase and a phraseological phrase: Pacific Ocean spread out before us; His long tongue always ruins things.
The phrase can have different meanings:

• quantitative: Thirty-four employees wrote a leave application; Both girlfriends laughed; Several people stopped; Crowd gathered in the square;


• selective: None of us did not agree to go;


• collective: Director with secretary attended the meeting;


• temporary: stood mid July.

Predicate - this is the main member of the sentence, which is associated with the subject and grammatically depends on it, denotes an action, state, sign inherent in the subject, answers the questions: WHAT DOES?, WHAT WILL IT DO?, WHAT? and etc.

The predicate is divided into simple and compound.
Simple predicate expressed by a verb in any form: There were folders on the table in the corner; Would you come and talk to me; I will address these issues tomorrow.

Compound predicate in turn, it is divided into two more subtypes: compound verbal and compound nominal.

Compound verb predicate consists of two parts: an auxiliary verb in conjugated form, which expresses the grammatical meaning of the predicate and connects it with the subject, and an indefinite form of the verb, which expresses the main lexical meaning of the predicate.
The auxiliary ones are:

• verbs denoting the beginning, end and continuation of an action: I have already started to perform new task; Our department stops striking;


• modal verbs that denote desire, reluctance, possibility or impossibility of action: I I can do it your order; I want to learn your insight; I refuse to be errand boy!


• verbs expressing emotional state: All were afraid to object to the boss; He loves to work;


• phraseological combinations: our company has the honor to cooperate with such a famous concern.

Compound nominal predicate from a linking verb that expresses the grammatical meaning of the predicate, and a nominal part that expresses the basic lexical meaning of the predicate. Moreover, the link may be missed.
The links are:

• verbs TO BE, IS: I I was very pleased;


• verbs that do not express independent meaning: Alyosha seemed pale;


• verbs expressing the meaning of movement, state, activity: We are back home tired.

• nouns in the nominative or instrumental case: Hard work There is The main thing condition success;


• adjectives: Clouds became more transparent;


• numerals: Us there were four;


• pronoun: Andrey Nikolaevich was Here his;


• participle: This meeting was unexpected ;


• an indecomposable phrase: Predicate is the main member of the sentence.

Secondary members of the sentence

Definition – a minor member of a sentence that answers the questions: WHAT?, WHOSE?, WHICH?, denotes a feature of an object.
The definition can be expressed:
1) an adjective, participle, pronoun and ordinal number, a phrase with the leading adjective or participle, then it is called agreed, because in this case it agrees with the noun in gender and case. Examples:

• They fell silent voiced bird voices;


• We noticed a broken headlight approaching cars;


• Under fourth the number was our company;


• Its the burden does not bear.

• At the monument (which one? to whom?) Pushkin lovers still meet; On his desk was a magazine (which one?) with photos; Water (what kind?) from the spring was cold;


• Children (which ones?) older sent to the river for water;


• Eyes (whose?) his (her, their) were sad;


• The leader gave a sign (what?) shut up.

Addition - this is a minor member of a sentence that answers questions about the indirect cases of a noun, denotes the subject, object and instrument of action.
The addition can be expressed by any part of speech: Get (what?) book(n.) from the shelf; We were asked (about what?) keep quiet(inf. ch.); Invited (who?) her(local) for dinner and etc.
The addition can be direct or indirect.
The direct object is always used without a preposition and is expressed by the accusative and genitive case forms of the verb: The merchant accepted (what?) solution; Today you(who?) won't be there?
Indirect is used in the form of any indirect case with or without a preposition.

Circumstance - this is a minor member of a sentence that answers the questions: HOW?, WHEN?, WHERE?, WHERE?, WHY?, WHY?, TO WHAT DEGREE?, denotes the time, place, reason and method of action of the subject, i.e. circumstances , in which the action is performed.
A circumstance can be expressed by a noun, adverb, participle, infinitive, etc.: Will I read it (when?) after lunch; The boss said (how?) very fast; Hunched over, (how?) a tired clerk was sitting at the table.

In addition, there are parts of the sentence that are not members of the sentence. These are appeals, introductory words and constructions. They are separated by commas, but do not affect the connection of sentences in the text.

Instructions

To highlight grammatical basis any offers, we need to find and emphasize its main members. These include subject and predicate.

The subject is what is being said in the sentence. It is always in the initial form (nominative case or infinitive) and, as a rule, answers the questions: “who?”, “what?”. The subject is expressed by almost all parts of speech if they appear in the meaning of a noun in the nominative case. By the noun itself: “what?” the truth does not always lie on the surface. Pronoun: “who?” I'm not a supporter of drastic measures. Adjective or: “who?” the well-fed does not understand the hungry; "Who?" vacationers were waiting for the bus. Numeral: “who?” three were responsible for cleaning the area. Infinitive (verb form): singing is her passion. Any word that has the meaning of a noun in the nominative case: “what?” oohs and aahs from the street. Phraseologism: “who?” young and old went out into the field. Compound name: “what?” The Milky Way stretches out in a wide strip. A syntactically integral phrase: “who?” My grandmother and I went to our home.

The predicate denotes what exactly is being reported about the subject and answers the questions: “?”, “What is it like?”, “What happens to it?” etc. Depending on the way of expression, the predicate may be simple; compound nominal; compound verb and complex.

Select the predicate in the analyzed phrase. It must denote an action performed by or on the subject. Most often this is expressed by a predicate; o in this role are found and. The predicate must agree with the subject in person, number and gender.

When completing a written task, underline the subject with one and the predicate with two lines.

When you find several subjects and predicates, analyze the structure of the sentence. If you see before you two or more semantically independent combinations of sentence members, then we are talking about a complex sentence with a coordinating or subordinating connection. In the case when several predicates refer to one subject and vice versa, then you have a simple sentence with an extended base. However, such repeating elements must still be joined by "and" or separated.

Video on the topic

The grammatical basis of a sentence is its most important structural part, which largely determines the meaning of the entire phrase. The grammatical basis in linguistics is often called the predicative core. The term “predicative basis” is also often used. This grammatical phenomenon exists in many languages.

Instructions

Determine whether the phrase you need to parse is actually a sentence. Some phrases in are both , and statements, but there are also those that can only be attributed to the second category. In the first case, the members of the sentence can be identified in the phrase or their syntactic positions can be determined. As a rule, statements consisting of several words are sentences.

Find the subject. This member of the sentence denotes an object whose action is described in the phrase itself. The subject is grammatically independent; it is in the nominative case. However, the subject can also be expressed by another part of speech, which in this case will perform the functions. Therefore, determine the active object, even if it is expressed by a not entirely familiar part of speech or by a noun not in the nominative form. For example, in the sentence “VKontakte invites you to register,” the subject will be “VKontakte.” At the same time, in the sentence “The social network “VKontakte” invites you to register,” the subject will be the word “network.”

Define the predicate. It denotes the action of the subject and answers questions. Remember that the predicate cannot always be expressed by a verb. The verb predicate can be simple or compound. In the second case, the grammatical basis includes both, that is, standing in the form and in the infinitive. The combination of subject and predicate is the predicative core.

One of the main members of the sentence may be missing. In this case, the statement remains a sentence if the position of the missing member of the sentence can be determined. Sometimes this can only be known by context. For example, participants in a dialogue can discuss someone else's actions and answer each other's questions. The interlocutors understand who or what we are talking about; they can only name the actions of the subject. In this case there is, but it consists of one member of the sentence. For example, if the interlocutors were previously talking about social networks, then one of them may ask which one is preferable. The answer "VKontakte" is a sentence because there is a subject and an implied predicate.

note

In some cases, syncrete members of the sentence are part of the grammatical core. They are grammatically connected with both the subject and the predicate and can simultaneously be a subject and, for example, a circumstance.

Helpful advice

Be especially careful in cases where the sentence contains phraseological units. The subject can be expressed in this way, and then the grammatical basis will not be two words, but several, and it is impossible to separate them.

Sources:

• the grammatical basis is

A large amount of time is devoted to grammatical analysis of sentences in Russian language lessons; it is necessarily included in the final control program. Schoolchildren need to be able to correctly determine the grammatical basis of a sentence, because in case of an error, the entire task will be considered incomplete.

REMEMBER!1)
the offer may be
one-part (usually predicate,
therefore there will be no subject in it)
2) the main members can be homogeneous,
that is, several subjects or
several predicates

When identifying the subject, look for a word that indicates the producer of the action. And this word is only in the nominative case.

Subject

Simple verb predicate (SVP)

10.

11.

12. Compound verb predicate (CVS)

13. a) phase verbs, i.e. denoting the beginning, continuation or end of an action (begin, begin, become, continue, end, stop, etc.).

14.

15.

16.

17. Compound predicate (SIS)

18.

19.

20.

The concepts of subject and predicate are among the most basic in the Russian language. It is with them that children begin to become acquainted with syntax. It is very important that the student understands this section and consolidates it in memory, since all subsequent rules of punctuation, complex sentences and many other sections will be inextricably linked with the subject and predicate. These two concepts form the grammatical basis, so it will also be discussed in this article. Refresh your memory and help your child learn new knowledge.

What is the subject

First, let's look at the rule of the Russian language:

• The subject is one of the main parts of the sentence. It can denote both an object and an action or a sign of a predicate. Answers the question “Who?” as well as “What?”.

As a rule, this member of the sentence is expressed by a noun or pronoun. It is emphasized by one feature.

• For example, in the sentence “Grandma went to the market,” the subject will be the noun “Grandmother,” since in this sentence the grandmother is the main character.
• If we take the sentence “He likes ice cream,” then the subject pronoun will be “He.”

However, there are other interesting cases in which absolutely any part of speech acts as the subject, if it can be defined as a noun. For example:

• Five go to the right. In this sentence, the subject will be the word “Five,” although in its usual form it is a numeral. Here it replaces the noun, acting as the main member of the sentence.
• Miser pays twice. In this case, the subject will also be the word “Stingy,” which is a noun, and outside the sentence it is an adjective.

The verb also often acts as the subject if it is in the indefinite form:

• Going to the store is his main goal. This is a complex sentence, in one part of which the subject is an infinitive.

And finally, even a whole phrase can become the subject. These can be indivisible names, full name of the person.

• Anna Sergeevna was in a hurry to go home. In this sentence the subject is Anna Sergeevna.

After some time, the child will be able to determine the subject intuitively, without reading the rules by heart.

What is a predicate

The predicate must be emphasized with two parallel horizontal lines; it answers the question “What is this?” and “What does this do?”, and also denotes an action or some attribute of the subject.

The predicate has several types:

• Verbal.
• Compound nominal.
• Compound verb.

It is better to analyze each type of predicate separately. The simplest of them is verb.

• The verbal predicate is usually expressed by a verb in certain moods: indicative, imperative, and also conditional. To determine the predicate correctly, you need to refresh your memory and remember what moods are.
• Perhaps the predicate in the form of a set phrase.
• Phraseologisms also belong to the verbal predicate.

The compound verb predicate is easy to notice:

• In this case, two verbs answer the main question of the predicate. For example: “He still continued to eat.” The predicate would be “continued to eat.”
• Or “The cat needs a lot of sleep.” Now the predicate is “you need to sleep.”

A compound nominal predicate is so called because it contains a linking verb and a nominal part: a noun or pronoun, adverbs, participles.

• She was a beauty. In this sentence, the predicate is “was a beauty,” since the word “was” often acts as a linking verb, and “beauty” is a nominal part.

You may not be able to remember everything the first time, but after solving the tasks you will succeed.

What is a grammatical basis

The grammatical core is the main members of the sentence, namely the subject and the predicate. They are connected in meaning and are distinguished by horizontal features.

The base itself is usually highlighted in square brackets in the sentence.