An introvert represents. Introverts - who are they? Introverted Personalities in Love Relationships

Text: Olga Natolina

Carl Gustav Jung proposed dividing people into extroverts and introverts based on their temperament, behavior and interaction with the outside world. Introvert and extrovert types were then divided into subtypes to further characterize a person's personality.

How to recognize an introvert and an extrovert?

Introvert and extrovert are two opposing personality types. The first has life energy turned inward, such a person is interested in his inner world, and the emotions that he experiences inside are of great importance to him. The extrovert type is characterized by the direction of vital energy into the outside world. Such a person is interested in real external objects, social and practical aspects of life, while an introvert is attracted to the world of reflection and his imagination.

An introvert “greedily” accumulates energy, it is directed into his inner world, while an extrovert wastes it on interacting with the outside world, but he also receives it from the people around him. An introvert, on the contrary, gets very tired if he comes into contact with the outside world, so he likes to be alone and save his vital energy.

A typical introvert is a calm, even shy person. He is distrustful and finds it difficult to interact with the outside world, so he stays aloof and has a small number of close people, but these connections are always long-term and strong. He does not like spontaneity, plans everything in advance, loves order, including in his emotions and feelings, which he knows how to control well.

This type of personality, such as an introvert, loves solitude; he tries to avoid crowds and noisy companies. He can even be called closed and unsociable. He never takes into account the opinions of others; he performs any actions and deeds on the basis of his own judgments, views and beliefs. In her work she relies only on herself, her resources and capabilities. An introvert is a very careful, conscientious, honest, polite person; his psychological protection from the outside world is based on these virtuous qualities.

Introvert Energy

If an extrovert receives energy from the outside world when he comes into contact with people around him, then an introvert, on the contrary, needs other sources of mental strength:

• reflections and immersion in your inner world;


• an introvert needs his own space where he can retire, and where no one will disturb him for as long as he needs;


• to make a decision or answer a question, an introvert needs a long time, spontaneous decisions take away his energy, so he should always be given time to think, and led to some action or deed gradually;


• an introvert is reluctant to share his impressions of the past day, and there is no need to demand this from him - all these conversations and violent interventions in his world take away his energy, this should be taken into account in a close relationship with an introvert and not be offended by a dry “normal” in response to “ how are you at work?”, the introvert just needs to be given time to recover after he has returned, for example, from work, or has just found himself in a new society;


• Another source of energy for this type of personality is the ability to focus on one thing. An introvert cannot multitask and switch from one thing to another. For him, switching and then returning to a task that he put aside for a while is the same as starting it from the very beginning.

Therefore, it is important for an introvert to be aware of situations that can drain his energy and avoid them so as not to waste it in vain.

Types of introverts

In psychology, there is a division of the introvert personality type into subtypes for a more complete description of a person’s temperament. What types of introverts exist? There are two main subtypes.

Sensory introvert:

• loves accuracy in everything, including answering questions;


• concentrates on one thing without thinking about things to do in the future;


• in his work he necessarily needs a result that can be seen;


• order in the house and in the place where he works is important to him;


• prefers to work with numbers and facts rather than theories and ideas;


• does not waste time reminiscing about the past or dreaming about the future;


• he needs clear instructions in his work;


• easily perceives details, but poorly the overall picture.

A sensory introvert never burdens others with himself. Therefore, he solves all his problems himself and fully relies only on himself to satisfy his needs.

Intuitive introvert:

• always thinks about several things at once;


• he is interested in future events more than what is happening at the moment - the future intrigues him;


• does not like to understand details, believes that detail is boring;


• he is very curious, so he likes to try himself in different things;


• This type of personality finds it easy to answer general questions and difficult to answer detailed ones;


• Keeping a budget is tedious for him, but spending money is easy and exciting.

Also, each subtype has its own clarifying groups.

Logical-sensory introvert

This type of personality as a logical-sensory introvert is a realistic person, with strong logical thinking and a practical approach to life and the knowledge that he possesses. He will be comfortable working in structures with a strict hierarchy, for example, in the army, government agencies or in the administrative apparatus.

The profession of a lawyer, a process controller in a company, or an official is well suited for him, since a logical-sensory introvert loves power and has determination; he strives to lead everywhere and take control of everything. This is a careerist who strives for a high position in society. This type of personality loves order very much and does not tolerate when someone violates his personal order. He assigns his own place to each item. For a logical-sensory introvert, comfort is very important, which he is happy to create himself.

Such a person maintains good relationships with others, even if he does not like them. He is always polite and behaves correctly. But if someone is on the list of his enemies, then he will not be able to forgive the insults. He reacts very painfully to criticism of himself and his abilities, so he behaves cautiously and suspiciously with new people.

Logical-intuitive introvert

A logical-intuitive introvert is a theorist. He carefully analyzes all phenomena. He applies a scientific approach to everything, loves to classify events, people, objects. His steps are always built logically. He loves to analyze new ideas, but is not able to implement them in practice. He always argues and defends his point of view. Treats people objectively, seeing both their merits and their shortcomings. Helps others discover their talents and abilities. Treats people kindly. A logical-sensory introvert can be called too trusting.

This type of personality, the logical-intuitive introvert, does not show emotions in communication, and therefore those around him consider him a cold person. The lack of emotions is due to the fact that they take a lot of energy and strength from him, as well as switching from one thing to another. Such a person cannot do things that are not interesting to him. He will, of course, fulfill them if necessary, but with great difficulty. Therefore, a logical-sensory introvert should not work in organizations with a rigid system and with authoritarian leaders.

He is attracted to bright and emotional people, he seeks communication with them - he needs positive emotions. With such people he especially wants to be polite and attentive and demonstrate only positive emotions and qualities. Coziness and comfort are very important to him, but he cannot create it himself. Therefore, she values ​​a caring partner very much and, being next to him, feels better both emotionally and physically.

In work and life he acts with a “cold” mind and always calculates everything. This applies to the budget and any business he undertakes. If he does not see the feasibility of the work, he will never take it up. He always learns a lesson from the mistakes he makes and does not repeat them in the future. When crisis situations arise in life, he always acts decisively and calmly.

Ethical-sensory introvert

An ethical-sensory introvert is a very emotional person, for him the world of emotions is very important. He understands and feels other people well. This type of personality is a creative artist who strives to experience life in all its colors and manifestations. Strives for beauty and harmony in everything. An ethical-sensory introvert in love is also an artist; he needs a muse that evokes strong emotions in him and that he will admire. But, if he does not see reciprocity and attention from the opposite sex, he will easily change the object of his love. Good taste is manifested in his clothes, in the choice of dishes, in the furnishings of the house. This type of personality always has an original style of clothing.

An ethical-sensory introvert is a very charming, friendly and sociable person. Likes to surround himself with people who give only positive emotions. He feels people well, so he can adapt to the mood of his interlocutor. He does not tolerate negative emotions well; he does not tolerate jealousy and mistrust from close people.

Due to his heightened emotionality, he can be quick-tempered, but he always tries to end disputes peacefully. He loves noisy companies and parties, and knows how to cheer up those around him. In everyday matters, he is a non-conflict person and will always find understanding with loved ones. He treats the people around him well, but does not impose his company on those who do not need it. One can only be truly frank with close people, whose circle is not wide.

An ethical-sensory introvert is a very inquisitive person, he is attracted to everything new, mysterious and inexplicable. Constantly strives for new knowledge. Often commits irrational actions. Such people can be found among accountants and financiers, but they do not get real pleasure from their work.

In a work environment, he can only accept criticism of his abilities if it is presented in a friendly manner. In a team and with others he behaves gently; it is not his rules to control and put pressure on others. But he extends total control to close people and can be very persistent and demanding.

Ethical-intuitive introvert

An ethical-intuitive introvert is a person who is driven by emotions. He wants to change the world according to his beliefs. He makes all decisions based on feelings. An ethical-intuitive introvert is a keen person, therefore he likes to jump from one thing to another, as he is drawn to new knowledge and loves new ideas.

An ethical-intuitive introvert is a charming and attractive person for the people around him. Always looks neat and elegant. Knows how to make a good impression on people. He will always prefer art to science. He is endowed with a good sense of humor. His behavior directly depends on his emotional state, so he often looks unpredictable. After vigorous activity, such a person needs solitude, where he can reflect on his emotions and accumulate strength. Leading everyday life is a burden for him, he can hardly be called a good owner, he tends to spend money on unnecessary but beautiful things.

In his work, he needs to be given a strict daily routine, since he cannot organize himself and follow the regime. He is easy to control if you speak to him in the correct, friendly manner. If an ethical-intuitive introvert does not like a person’s behavior, he can openly say so and even stop communicating with such a person, sometimes end the relationship completely. He will always notice and emphasize the advantages of a partner or friend and can use them to achieve a common goal.

The word “introvert” can be heard almost everywhere today: not only in psychological centers, but also in everyday life. The most interesting thing is that in society there is often an opinion that such a person is extremely closed and uncommunicative, although these stereotypes do not always correspond to reality. So what is an introvert?

This is a person whose temperament type is characterized by an increased focus on his own experiences. Such a person is highly sensitive to external stimuli. It’s not difficult to understand who an introvert and an extrovert are. The first seeks to be alone with his own thoughts, the second is more focused on the people around him.

Main features

Recognizing an introvert is not difficult. Perhaps you yourself are one or he is among your acquaintances and friends. The first thing that catches your eye is that this person never wants to be in the center of events. Strong attention from the environment can irritate him, put him in a state of fear, anxiety, even panic. An introverted person will never agree to lead; if possible, she wants to take a position in the team in order to be as unnoticeable as possible. However, at the same time, she, of course, also needs to feel significant and in demand.

Character

If a child is an introvert, it is stupid to demand great sociability from him. You should never force a child to go meet the guys in the yard if he categorically does not want this. If you, as a parent, are concerned that your child is often left alone with himself, then try to act gently. Unbeknownst to him, you can create a situation where the baby is involved in the process of contact with other children. Consider his temperament and character traits. He doesn’t have to be “like everyone else”; let the baby become an individual.

An introverted man experiences certain difficulties when it comes to meeting the woman he likes. Even if his age is far from youthful, he may be tormented by a feeling of self-doubt and in his own attractiveness. Often such people are mistaken for gloomy, unsociable people.

Emotional cocoon

Who is an introvert? Definitely someone who likes to be alone with his thoughts, so that no one disturbs him. The peculiarity of such a person is that she spends a lot of energy communicating with other people. Alone with oneself, a person feels calm and energized. The emotional component is very important, because if we start spending our energy uncontrollably, we will soon not have enough of it ourselves. By hiding in the so-called cocoon, a person seems to protect himself from unwanted social contacts and their consequences. If an extrovert receives additional energy from interacting with other people, then an introvert only loses it from this. However, this does not mean that these people do not need communication. They just prefer to build their circle of acquaintances very selectively.

We hope you now understand who an introvert and an extrovert are.

You should always remember that withdrawal is a necessary defense, in some cases even a necessity. The personality needs this to maintain internal balance. You cannot force a person to communicate with other people, this would be violence against his individuality.

Quality, not quantity

It is extremely important for an introvert to have people around him whom he can completely trust. Since his need for communication is reduced, it must somehow be compensated. Who is an introvert? It is always difficult for him to make new acquaintances, but existing connections can be strong and reliable, as a rule, they are built for life. Here, common interests, similar worldviews, similar worldviews, etc. come to the fore. Such people most often have few friends, but they are all real, and such friendships can last for years.

Feeling disconnected from the world

Often, behind deep thoughts, a person feels some isolation. Most often, she chooses this position for herself, but a feeling of quiet sadness, even loneliness, can arise as a result of the fact that there is no sensitive and understanding person nearby who can share these thoughts. There are much fewer introverts in the world than extroverts, and therefore they often find themselves misunderstood by others.

A small child may not realize why his parents persistently advise him to get to know their children and make friends with them. It must be remembered that a child whose inner world is focused on himself needs more time to adapt to any unfamiliar situation and enter a new team.

Sensory introvert

He is highly focused on accuracy, efficiency and accuracy. A sensory introvert most often works with numbers, rather than with abstract concepts and abstract ideas. For him, order in everything is important, from his own clothes to the activities he performs. His own feelings and sensations play a big role, but he is in no hurry to share them with others. After all, who is an introvert? A person who is able to distance himself as much as possible from the outside world and immerse himself in thinking about life.

A sensory introvert analyzes and compares everything from a position of importance and usefulness. In any business, he focuses primarily on the result, sometimes he is ready to work for days to implement a significant task, sometimes forgetting about his own fatigue. He knows how to strictly adhere to a well-designed schedule and not deviate from the goal until he achieves it. In most cases, he has to rely only on himself, since he does not like to bother other people.

Logical-sensory introvert

Such a person has highly developed logical thinking. A person makes any decisions in life based on his ideas. He is very demanding both of himself and of those around him, hardworking, strives to occupy a high position, and is seriously aimed at career growth. He loves order in everything, every item is in its place.

Logical-intuitive introvert

By nature he is an analyst and theorist. Likes to analyze and test everything using a scientific approach. He treats people kindly, sometimes he can be called extremely trusting. He does not show emotions in communication because he is afraid of appearing to be a weak person. Other people often mistake him for a cold and calculating careerist for whom feelings are not important. A logical-intuitive introvert does not tolerate any pressure from superiors or colleagues; it is important for him to be valued and respected. He would not be able to work in a tense atmosphere where intrigues are woven against each other. For this person, it is extremely important to plan and calculate everything: both money and events.

Such a person reaches out with his whole being to bright emotional personalities. This communication charges him with the positive energy he so needs. Introverts in general greatly value the care of their partners, family and friends. These people only look gloomy and unapproachable, but in reality they are extremely vulnerable.

Ethical-sensory introvert

A very friendly and emotional person who strives for a sense of inner balance in everything. If this harmony is disturbed, he loses his positive attitude and may remain tense and anxious for a long time. It is sometimes very difficult to cheer him up, because it depends on the internal motivations of the individual. He is attracted to works of painting and literature, he is very sensitive to music, and can experience a state of delight. This type of introvert, as a rule, has excellent taste: he dresses brightly and elegantly, and chooses unusual dishes. Strange as it may sound, he is quite sociable and begins to noticeably get bored when alone. He constantly needs to create an atmosphere of celebration and vivid impressions around himself. Sometimes such a person feels the need to be alone, but only in order to accumulate enough energy for creativity.

Ethical Intuitive Introvert

This is a person of mood who easily gives in to emotions. His activities are most often associated with feelings: artist, poet, writer or artist. Science is also interesting to him, but in many cases he finds it too boring, and therefore will always prefer something brighter and more sublime to it. Scientific evidence is not so important for him; in his theories he relies on his own feelings. An ethical, intuitive introvert is often captivated by something new; it is impossible to force him to do monotonous work. And if for some reason he is in the position of a clerk, then a suffocating irritation will certainly begin to accumulate inside, which sooner or later will lead to an internal “explosion”. He tends to idealize a lot of things: people, actions (his own and others), events. He often buys expensive but completely impractical things just because they resonate with him. He doesn’t like doing housework or doing household chores - they make him bored. More than anything else, he values ​​freedom and independence.

What does it mean to be an introvert?

There are comparatively fewer such individuals than others, so sometimes it is extremely difficult for them. When people compare an extrovert and an introvert, the result is usually not in favor of the latter. The thing is that in our society there is a widespread stereotype: a person should be sociable and strive for lively contacts with others. If a person does not fit into the generally accepted framework, then he is called at least “strange.” Only the introvert himself can truly see and appreciate the advantages of introverts over extroverts. So, what are the striking positive characteristics of such people? Who is an introvert?

This person has a rich inner world. He is an artist, writer or musician, but always a thinker. Abstract ideas can occupy him more than any everyday problems. Introverts are extremely sensitive. They are able to better and more deeply understand the feelings and experiences of other people, but are more focused on their own ideas, which increases the likelihood of creative self-realization.

Thus, an introverted person always looks deep into himself. Her deep experiences are replaced by a period of tremendous joy and happiness. Personal achievements and victories are very significant for her. Such a person can be unraveled all his life and never fully known. Unpredictability of character is often accompanied by strong impressionability and the inability to defend one’s interests. In adolescence, a person needs attention from older colleagues and teachers for full and harmonious development.

Psychologist-consultant.

Introverts. Who are they? How can you recognize them in everyday life?

The main characteristic of an introvert is a person’s orientation toward his subjectivity, his inner life, and inner values.

As a rule, introverts– these are people prone to reflection and contemplation of their inner world. They are distinguished by high intelligence, educated, well-read, polite, and intelligent. At the same time, the character of an introvert can be defined as passive, shy, with pronounced self-control, and there is a tendency towards pessimism. If an introverted girl makes close contact, then this connection is meaningful, truly deep and rich. The same is true for an introverted man.

Consider the types of introverts and analyze them taking into account four basic psychological functions:

Introverted thinking type focuses primarily on subjective content and orientation. Thinking of this kind is distinguished by depth and originality, boldness in interpretation and presentation of results. For such a person, facts are of secondary importance; they are often sought out as examples to confirm ideas that were born within subjectivity. There is a danger of juggling actual reality with the image born of a person with an introverted attitude. If the surrounding reality does not fit into the developed concept, it is possible to ignore the outside world for the sake of one’s own theoretical constructs.

Introverted feeling type gives the impression of silent, distant and cold people. They seem to be looking for an image that lives inside, and never find it. Their inner world is filled with vivid experiences, the external manifestation of which is more than restrained. Focusing on internal evaluative qualifications, they can form the ethical backbone of society. The scarcity of externally expressed experiences can be perceived from the outside as indifference, coldness and indifference.

Introverted feeling type can be compared to a supersensitive photographic plate. By their nature, sensations are based on a subjective component, i.e. the object is initially secondary. But those impressions that are registered by the senses are vivid and unmistakable: the smallest details of appearance, taste, smell, the nature of touches - literally everything is noticed and recorded. Outwardly, the introverted feeling type appears completely dispassionate. The process of information processing occurs internally. Jung noted the lack of rational judgment in people of this type. They are very difficult to understand, and in the vast majority of cases they themselves treat themselves without understanding.

Introverted intuitive type gives birth to prophets, poets, artists. This type of people has an increased sensitivity to what is happening in the depths of their consciousness. Prone to mystical dreams, they have poor orientation in the world and the people around them, and rarely bring things to their logical conclusion. They often ignore the physical needs of their body, the worldly seems to not exist for them, they are lost in their fantasies.

Hans Eysenck linked his two-factor model of personality (scales of introversion/extroversion and neuroticism) with types of temperament. Let us recall that temperament refers to innate individual psychophysiological characteristics that influence the dynamics of the processes of inhibition and excitation.

On the introversion scale, Eysenck identified two types:

• Stable introvert or phlegmatic;
• An introvert is neurotic or melancholic.

Melancholic people They are distinguished by touchiness, vulnerability, indecisiveness, and high sensitivity to others, which in turn turns into their vulnerability. They have a developed sense of beauty, and many of them are talented creative figures.

There is a widespread belief that introverts are social phobics. Having understood the world of introverts, having seen what the strength of introverts is, having identified the signs of introverts, we can conclude that the equal sign between introverts and social phobes is deeply erroneous. By understanding the psychology of an introvert, you can answer the question of how to effectively communicate with them and build strong relationships.

Each person is a unique individual, characterized by certain behavioral characteristics and character traits. However, modern psychology divides people into several types. There are several of these gradations. Two are especially popular: by temperament (and then we are talking about sanguine people, phlegmatic people, choleric people and melancholic people) and by character - introvert and extrovert. It is necessary to clearly understand how one systematization differs from another. Temperament is given to a person from birth, it cannot be changed, it can only be directed in the right direction, but a person develops his character over the years. Thus, a person becomes an introvert or an extrovert due to some developmental characteristics.

Extrovert and introvert: different personality types

All character types of people are usually divided into two large groups: introverts and extroverts. It should immediately be noted that the latter is much larger in number. On what principle is the division based? By the way, this question was first raised and substantiated by Carl Jung at the beginning of the 20th century.

The first part of the word “extrovert” speaks for itself: “extra” - external. Such individuals cannot imagine life without communication; all their actions are directed to the external environment, which is where they draw vital energy. If misfortune happens, they share it with others, and they immediately feel better. They are good speakers, event organizers, and public figures.

Then who is an introvert? This person, on the contrary, is directed inside himself, his life world (“intro” - inward). He is not interested in noisy companies; the lot of an introvert is reading a book or just being alone. This is his comfort zone.

After Jung, much later, Robert Macrae determined that 38% of people are in an intermediate state between these two entities, that is, they are ambiverts. The peculiarity of such a person is the average value: sometimes he likes to be alone, and sometimes he cannot do without communication.

In our article we will touch upon the phenomenon of introversion in its obvious manifestation.

Who is an introvert

Often, in noisy companies, a person stands out against the general background of fun, as if absorbed in himself. It seems that everything that happens around him is completely uninteresting, and, to put it mildly, he is bored. When asked by the host of the party about what happened, he replies that everything is fine, and he is having as much fun as everyone else. This is how, using an example, you can briefly describe the character of an introvert. And in fact, he is not bored, this person just has fun differently than those around him. It is much more comfortable for him to immerse himself and think about something of his own.

Moreover, any public speaking, be it an answer at the blackboard at school or a report at work in adulthood, causes real panic in an introvert.

Thus, people of this character most often become writers or scientists, programmers or artists.

It is a mistake to equate an introvert with an egoist. These two characteristics are completely different: the first simply makes decisions alone, with himself, while at the same time listening to the opinions of others, which an egoist never does.

Character traits

Thus, to understand who an introvert is, you should take into account the following features of his character:

1. Slowness and foresight. He never rushes to make a decision, he always does it consciously and carefully.
2. Focus on yourself. It is quite difficult for him to merge with the surrounding society and adequately perceive it.
3. Lack of initiative. An introvert almost always listens to the decisions of those around him and will never offer his own ideas.
4. An introvert is a good strategist. He carefully thinks through his plans and actions.
5. Since a person of this type of character is self-absorbed, he fully assesses his capabilities, which excludes inflated self-esteem.
6. An introvert is kind, but at the same time vulnerable and touchy. He rarely enters into conflicts.
7. Indifference. Such a person is very closed in himself, he is not interested in what is happening around him.
8. An introvert is very secretive; no one knows about his feelings and experiences, even very close people - parents, wife, children.

All these qualities will be revealed only if you personally communicate with a person, and not just once, but over a sufficient period of time. It is impossible to find out who an introvert is by any external signs.

Personal life

The personal life of such people, although difficult, is quite successful. Their concentration on their own inner world sometimes brings misunderstanding into the family. It is much more difficult for an introverted man, because he, obeying his wife’s decisions, often becomes henpecked. This fact may be the reason for his sadness and even greater isolation. Knowing who an introvert is, a woman can properly build communication in the family.

A wife of this type of character is more fortunate: she will obey her husband, analyze and make informed decisions.

Psychologists note that ideal marriages are made up of couples in which each partner has a different personality type from the other: the husband is an extrovert, the wife is an introvert. However, these differences should not be extremes - in this case they will complement each other. It is much worse when both spouses are introverts, and obvious ones at that: they simply will not be able to sincerely communicate with each other, each will live in their own little world.

Types of introversion

On the basis of Jung’s teachings, a whole branch of science arose - socionics. She not only divides characters into introverts and extroverts, but also identifies special subtypes in each of them. The classification is based on the work of basic mental functions: thinking, sensation, intuition and the emotional component.

Thus, the main types of introverts identified by socionics are sensory and intuitive. In turn, each of them is also divided into subtypes that are more convenient to identify. This is necessary so that a person can classify himself into a certain group without any special questions.

Thus, a sensory introvert is very precise in his actions and judgments; he is focused on one task or event and will not rest until he completes it. Of course, this type is an ideal employee for any manager. Such an introvert does not tolerate approximation: he demands clarity and certainty from everyone. In addition, they are also extraordinary cleanliness and adherents of order: such a person has its own place for each thing, which he carefully monitors. They perceive the world around them as a puzzle picture: each detail exists separately, but it is very difficult for a sensory introvert to perceive the entire environment as a single whole.

Another thing is an intuitive introvert. It is not difficult for him to combine several types of activities and switch between them at once. Another difference from the previous type is the ability to try on different professions. They tend to perceive the environment as a whole object; they do not like to study in detail the components and small details. These people are dreamers whose views are directed to the future, and sometimes they replace the present, real world.

Logical-sensory

As mentioned above, there is a more detailed division of categories of people who are self-directed. Thus, logical introverts of the sensory type (or logical-sensory) are the owners of an analytical mind. As a rule, these are careerists who know their worth. They are very practical and reasonable. All actions of such introverts lend themselves to a clear logical explanation.

When it comes to their everyday life and work environment, these people put order first. They demand it in everything. He is very meticulous in achieving coziness in the house and maintaining it.

Logical-sensory introverts find it difficult to get along with people. However, they remain polite, even if the person is not pleasant to them. They do not trust people and are suspicious of strangers.

Ethical-intuitive

These introverts are creative, sublime natures. They pay great attention to their inner world of emotions and feelings. These people are very good at feeling the emotional background of loved ones, and they are also very close to nature.

Ethical-sensory introverts have a magnificent sense of seeing the beautiful; their artistic taste can be envied. They make good stylists and fashion designers.

These people, perfectly sensing the state of their interlocutor, are able to speak with him “on the same wavelength,” but they are in no hurry to open their souls: if they decide to have a frank conversation, most likely the interlocutor will be a very close person.

Intuitive-logical

When it comes to this type of introvert in a work environment, they work with high productivity. The only thing to consider is that they need a clear explanation of the requirements and a logical construction of action steps. Psychologists also note the extreme punctuality of these people.

Sensory-ethical

Another introvert who depends on the emotional component. Moreover, for him this is precisely what plays a dominant role. All his actions are dictated by emotions; he makes decisions, also guided by what he feels at the moment. He is completely devoid of prudence; the concept of “common sense” does not exist for him.

An ethical-intuitive introvert is an enthusiastic person, and the feeling of interest in any matter quickly passes, and he switches to something else. That is why such people need strict control both in work and in everyday matters; they need to be clearly regulated in time. No matter how they try to plan their daily routine, it always ends in failure.

Unlike other types of introverts, these can communicate well in company and are endowed with a sense of humor, but they are betrayed by sudden changes in mood. It would seem that he was only laughing among friends, but now he is sitting in solitude. This is a normal situation for such people: they need loneliness to sort out their feelings and put them in order.

What to consider when communicating

The last type of introvert is a theoretician by nature. They look for a logical explanation for everything, but cannot put their ideas into practice.

By nature they are friendly and trusting. Excellent conversationalists, they will always listen and help solve difficult problems. At the same time, logical-intuitive introverts do not show their feelings at all, for which they are known as dry, cynical people.

The most important thing in the business that this type is involved in is interest. Without this, the task will not be completed efficiently. They constantly need a person who will direct their theoretical mindset into a practical direction.

What to consider when communicating

When communicating with an introvert, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of his character. We advise you to follow the following rules:

1. Value your relationship with this person because he is incapable of hypocrisy. If he communicates with you, it means he sincerely treats you well.
2. This person cannot be rushed into making a decision: he needs time to think about it.
3. Do not demand a sudden change of activity. For example, it is better to go to the cinema with him than to rush around entertainment venues during the evening.
4. Don’t be irritated by long pauses in conversation - this way he weighs every word he’s going to say and lets it pass through him.
5. Be sure to read the book “The Invincible Introvert,” especially if you plan on long-term communication with such a person.
6. People with this type of character are devoted friends and wonderful spouses. The main thing is to find an approach to them.

How to determine your character type

How to understand yourself and understand who you are - an introvert or an extrovert. The test will help with this. The results of any study can be summarized in the following table.

Carefully read the information presented in the table and check the box next to the item with which you agree. Count the number of ticks you have collected. If there are more of them in the first column, you are an extrovert, in the second - an introvert. The test can also be taken online.

C. G. Jung identified two general types of temperament - extroverted and introverted. The basis of the differences between these two types is the subject-object orientation.

What are the types of temperament

For extroverts characterized by focus on the object. Factors external to them - the opinions of other people, generally accepted ideas, objective circumstances - determine their actions and decisions to a much greater extent than their own, subjective attitude to the surrounding reality. Being focused on others allows them to easily adapt to circumstances.

However, being too extroverted can lead to unfavorable consequences. Thus, their own well-being or health may not be enough external factors for them to pay attention to them. Complete subordination of one's interests to objective requirements can lead to taking on overwhelming work and to nervous and physical exhaustion.

For the introvert subjective reference points are decisive. For him, the subjective always prevails over the objective, and the value of the subject is always higher than the value of the object. When experiencing, for example, some feeling, an introvert pays attention not to the events or people that caused these feelings, but to his own experiences. The introverted attitude is also expressed in the fact that one’s own opinion always turns out to be a more powerful argument for an introvert than external reality.

In addition to the conscious attitude, both types also have an unconscious attitude. The unconscious attitude performs a compensatory function in relation to the conscious one and is in opposite relationships with it: the more the conscious attitude is exaggerated, the more primitive the unconscious one becomes.

Extroverted temperament type

For extroverts, when suppressing the subjective, compensation will emphasize the subjective. Therefore, the unconscious attitude of extroverts is introverted (subject-oriented) and is expressed in egocentric aspirations.

If the conscious attitude is greatly exaggerated, then the unconscious loses its compensatory character. For example, introverts in this case may endow the object with dangerous and magical traits. Moreover, the stronger the conscious introverted attitude, the more anxiety and mistrust new and unfamiliar objects cause. The ideal becomes a desert island.

Extraversion and introversion characterize two large groups of people, within which there are pronounced individual differences, associated by K. T. Jung with the influence of basic mental functions. In total, he identifies four such functions - thinking, emotions, sensation and intuition. In one and the same person, all four functions are not equally well developed, and the predominant mental function determines the corresponding type of behavior. Two types of subject-object attitudes and four types of functions form eight more specific psychological types.

Extroverted thinking temperament type characteristic of people who make important decisions based on reason. People of this type tend to create schemes of objective reality and be guided by these schemes in their lives as an immutable law of existence, not tolerating any deviations and demanding complete submission to these schemes from everyone around them. They know exactly how to do it. If these schemes are the result of a deep understanding of reality, then people of this type appear before society as innovators and social reformers. However, the narrower the scheme, the greater the likelihood that a representative of this type will simply turn into a grump. Extroverts of the thinking type are characterized by inferiority in the emotional sphere. They rarely sympathize with people and do not value friendship; aesthetic experiences are alien to them, and therefore they are not interested in art.

Extroverted emotional type characterized by a tendency to emotionally evaluate everything that surrounds him and at the same time to the right emotions. Since the general attitude of extroverts is to focus on an object, their emotions are also conditioned by the object. They love the right partner, go to the theater and experience the emotions that should be experienced in the theater. Their feelings are perceived more as a pretense than as a true emotion.

Extroverted sensory type determines the value of objects by the strength of sensation: those objects that produce the strongest sensations turn out to be the most valuable. People of this type are focused on seeking pleasure and enjoyment. They give the impression of aesthetes to those around them, or, in a more primitive version, people who indulge in the simple joys of life (such as a good dinner, a well-equipped life). With a strong predominance of sensations, representatives of this type do only what can give them pleasant sensations.

Extroverted intuitive temperament type strives to discover possibilities in the objects around him. He constantly takes on something new with enthusiasm, but as soon as the object of his affection exhausts his opportunities for development, he forgets him without regret and switches to something else. Since he is never concerned about moral aspects, those around him consider him a frivolous person, even an adventurer. People of this type make an invaluable contribution to social life, finding new objects and infecting others with their enthusiasm.

Introverted temperament type

Introverted thinking type characterized by the fact that his judgments are determined by a subjective orientation. His thinking is about bringing an unclear image to a clear and clearly formulated idea. Therefore, he tends to ignore facts and create numerous theories. Unlike the extroverted thinking type, he strives not to expand knowledge about the world, but to deepen it. Representatives of this type do not strive to captivate others with their ideas or win their support. They are bad teachers. People around them are perceived as unpleasant, arrogant and domineering.

Introverted emotional type characterized by external calm, even coldness, although his emotions are simply invisible to others, even reaching extraordinary depths.

Introverted touch type in contrast to the extroverted sensory type, it is oriented not to objects that cause intense sensations, but to the intensity of sensations caused by the objects. Therefore, as soon as the sensation arises, the object loses value. People of this type have a depressing effect on those around them.

Introverted intuitive type gives birth to science fiction writers and artists, and when deviating from the norm, mystics. With a pronounced predominance of intuition over other processes, both the representatives of this type themselves and the products of their creativity become incomprehensible to others.

C. G. Jung saw the differences between extraversion and introversion in that extroverts are focused on the outside world, while introverts are self-oriented. In the modern view, the difference between them lies in the orientation towards different objects: extroverts are aimed at people, and introverts are aimed at things, inanimate objects.

I.P. Pavlov and his colleagues, in the course of their scientific research on the study of conditioned reflex reactions of dogs, paid attention to individual differences in their behavior, which manifested themselves primarily in such aspects of behavior as the speed and correctness of the formation of conditioned reactions (positive and inhibitory ), their intensity, ability to adequately respond to changes in stimuli, general behavior under experimental conditions. Based on this, I.P. Pavlov put forward the theory that differences in the behavior of experimental dogs cannot be due only to the conditions of experimental situations. They are based on some fundamental properties of two opposing nervous processes - excitation and inhibition. These properties include the forces of excitation and inhibition, their balance and mobility.

I.P. Pavlov distinguished two independent properties of the nervous system - the strength of the excitation process and the strength of the inhibition process.

Excitation process

The strength of the excitation process– the most important characteristic of the nervous system, reflecting the performance of the nerve cell. It manifests itself in functional endurance, i.e. in the ability to withstand strong excitement, short-term or long-term, without passing into a state of protective inhibition. A measure of the strength of the arousal process is the way it responds to strong, prolonged or frequently repeated stimuli.

What does the process of excitation depend on?

The strength of the excitation process depends on three factors:

1) on the strength of the stimulus causing this excitation;

2) from the current state of the cerebral cortex, i.e. on its tone or level of activation;

3) from the properties of the nervous system, which determine individual differences in the intensity of the excitation process caused by a stimulus of the same strength and against the background of equal tone of the cerebral cortex.

It is this third factor, which forms a distinctive feature of the nervous system and at the same time determines the intensity of excitation, that is what I. P. Pavlov called the strength of the excitation process, or the strength of the nervous system in relation to excitation.

There is an inverse relationship between the intensity of the excitation process (as an activation state) and the strength of excitation (as a property of the nervous system). All other things being equal, the stronger the nervous system (the greater its endurance when exposed to strong or prolonged stimuli), the weaker the excitation process (as the state of the cerebral cortex), and vice versa. Weakness (low strength) of the nervous system acts as a condition for high intensity of the excitation process caused by the same stimulus.

The strength of the braking process plays a secondary role and is understood as the functional performance of the nervous system during the implementation of inhibition, and we are talking about conditioned inhibition developed as a result of learning, in contrast to unconditioned inhibition. The strength of the inhibition process is manifested in the ability to form various inhibitory conditioned reactions, such as extinction, differentiation or delay. The strength of the inhibition process always manifests itself where there are prohibitions, abstinence from certain actions or a delay in reaction. The more adequate the reaction in such situations, the greater the endurance of inhibition the nervous system has and, thus, the stronger the inhibition process.

The balance of nervous processes implies a balance between the processes of excitation and inhibition. The ratio of the strength of both processes decides whether a given individual is balanced or unbalanced, when the strength of one process exceeds the strength of the other. To determine the balance of nervous processes, I. P. Pavlov compared the results of studies of the strength of the excitation process with the results of experiments to determine the strength of the inhibition process.

Later than others, the third property of the nervous system was discovered - the mobility of nervous processes. The mobility of nervous processes is the speed of transition from one nervous process to another, the speed of response to positive or negative stimuli. Externally, the mobility of nervous processes manifests itself in a person’s ability to adapt to changing living conditions. Mobility is expressed in the speed of transition from a passive state to an active one, from one action to another.

Inertness of nervous processes

The opposite of mobility is the inertia of nervous processes. Inertia of the nervous system characterizes the time and effort expended to move from one nervous process to another. Extreme degrees of impairment of the mobility of nervous processes are pathological inertia and pathological instability. The listed properties of nervous processes can occur in different combinations, thus forming a type of nervous system or a type of higher nervous activity.

It consists of a set of basic properties of the nervous system characteristic of individual individuals - strength, balance and mobility of the processes of excitation and inhibition.