K g Paustovsky warm bread analysis. B) He brought him fresh bread and salt

The main characters of Konstantin Paustovsky’s story “Warm Bread” are a village boy Filka and a horse named Boy. The horse was special, a cavalry horse, he was wounded in the leg and was left in the village, with the miller Pankrat. It was difficult for the old miller to feed his horse, and the horse often wandered around the village in search of food.

One day he came to the house where the boy Filka lived with his grandmother. Filka was eating bread and salt at that moment. He left the house, and the horse reached for bread. But the boy hit the horse on the lips, shouted angrily at him and threw the bread into the snow.

The horse neighed in fear, waved its tail, and at that moment a snowstorm began. The snowstorm was so strong that Filka had difficulty getting home. His grandmother was able to return home only in the evening, when the snowstorm subsided. After the snowstorm, it became sharply cold, and the grandmother was worried that because of the frost there would be famine in the village.

She said that once upon a time there was the same frost, generated by human malice. One man did not want to give bread to a disabled soldier and threw the bread on the floor. The soldier picked up the bread, left the house, whistled and a severe frost fell on the village.

Filka, realizing that his rudeness to the horse had caused the frost, asked his grandmother what to do now? Grandmother said that we should go to the miller Pankrat for advice. That's what Filka did. He came to the miller and told him how rudely he had treated the horse. The miller said that Filka must come up with a way to correct the situation, because the frost froze the water, the mill stopped, and he could not grind flour.

Filka thought and said that he would persuade the guys to go out to the pond with crowbars to break up the ice. This conversation was heard by an old magpie who lived in the miller's outhouse. The magpie flew away somewhere unnoticed.

The next day, the village boys went out to break the ice. Old people also joined them. Everyone worked together, and no one noticed how the warm southern wind began to blow. By evening the ice cracked and water poured onto the mill wheel.

In the evening the magpie also returned. She told the village crows that she flew to the warm sea, where she woke up a warm wind in the mountains and asked him for help. But the crows didn't believe her.

Meanwhile, at the mill, Pankrat was grinding grain into flour. Delighted residents lit the stoves and began baking bread from flour.

In the morning, the village children, led by Filka, came to Pankrat with a loaf of warm bread. They said that Filka wants to make peace with the horse. At first the horse was afraid of Filka, but the miller calmed him down. Then the horse took a piece of bread sprinkled with salt from the boy’s hands and ate it. Then he ate another piece and put his head on Filka’s shoulder as a sign of reconciliation.

This is the summary of the tale.

The main idea of ​​Paustovsky’s fairy tale “Warm Bread” is that one should not offend the weak. Filka offended the horse, and nature itself took revenge on both him and the villagers by sending in a severe frost. And only the active actions of people and the help of the old magpie helped correct the situation.

The fairy tale teaches us to be kind to both people and animals, and not to offend anyone needlessly.

In the fairy tale, I liked the old magpie, who went on a long flight to ask the warm wind to help people escape from the frost.

What proverbs fit Paustovsky’s fairy tale “Warm Bread”?

When doing evil, do not hope for good.
Take care of your nose in the extreme cold.
Even an old lady can’t live without the edge.
For a great cause - great help.

An amazing story about how sometimes a person does bad things without thinking about the consequences. That even Mother Nature herself protests against human malice. The author is trying to convey to the reader that human anger is destructive not only for the people themselves, but also for the surrounding flora and fauna. Nature and its inhabitants suffer from meanness and anger.

And as in any good fairy tale, good triumphs over evil. So in the fairy tale Warm Bread, good prevailed. The author showed the reader that joint work unites and ennobles a person. That evil cannot resist when people with a warm and pure heart get down to business, ready to sacrifice themselves for the good and well-being of other people. That it's never too late to change for the better. So our hero Filka’s cold heart thawed and turned into a hot one, ready to come to the aid of everyone. And the whole village saw this, saw this wounded horse, and forgave all the insults. And I think that in the future they will be best friends, ready to help everyone in need.

Warm bread is the most instructive and kind fairy tale. Reading it, you begin to realize that goodness is the most powerful thing, capable of working miracles.

In the story, the main character, a boy named Filka, was an unsociable and angry child. He brushed off all requests from the neighborhood boys to help them with something with the same phrase, “Screw you!” So they called him “Fuck you!” One day a wounded horse came to this village, and the miller Pankrat took him in. He cured the horse and kept it with him; the horse diligently helped his savior repair the mill. But the miller was poor and could not sufficiently feed his assistant. And the horse was forced to walk among people in search of food.

One day, an animal wandered into Filka’s yard in the hope that he would feed it, but instead Filka played a mean joke on him. Having hit him on the lips and not giving him any bread, he trampled him into the snow. Resentment and sadness overwhelmed the poor horse like a bitter tornado, and he whinnied so pitifully and vexedly that it seemed that nature itself could not remain indifferent to the suffering of the poor animal. At that moment, a terrible and cold wind flew into the village, bringing with it a fierce cold. Everything around was frozen; even the mill stopped working due to severe frost. Because of this, the villagers were doomed to starvation. The culprit of this incident, the boy Filka, was very scared of what he had done and tried with all his might, with the help of other village boys, to change the situation.

5th grade. What does a fairy tale teach and why is it interesting?

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Topic: The main problem of Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky’s work “Warm Bread” is the problem of kindness.

Goals:

Metasubject:

Develop personal learning skills: understanding the actions of the heroes, accepting the correct life values, the ability to analyze one’s actions and actions.

Develop communication skills: the ability to express one’s point of view and justify it; build communication with the class, teacher, ability to work in a group.

Form cognitive educational activities: be able to select material for work from a literary text; draw conclusions from what you hear and read.

Form regulatory management systems: be able to set a goal, formulate it, evaluate the results of one’s educational activities, and reflect.

Subject goals:

Improve the skills of analyzing a literary text from the point of view of using means of verbal expression;

Improve expressive reading skills;

Expand knowledge about the real and the fantastic (fictional) in a literary text.

Lesson type: learning new material and consolidating knowledge.

Equipment: textbook by V. Ya. Korovina, V. P. Zhuravlev, V.I. Korovina. Literature 5th grade in two parts, multimedia projector, use of ICT, computer presentation.

Forms of work: frontal, individual.

U: In the last lesson, we got acquainted with the biography of the writer Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky and worked on his work “Warm Bread”. Today we will continue this work with you.

First, let's remember the content of this work

To remember, answer the test questions

A) He was wounded.

B) Pankrat wanted it that way.

A) “I don’t know anything.”

B) “Fuck you!”

C) “You are all smart.”

3) What story did Grandma Filke tell? ?

A) About how she once offended a soldier.

B) About how a man from the village offended an old soldier.

B) About how the war ended.

A) A snowstorm has begun.

B) There was a flood.

B) There was an earthquake.

A) He didn’t want to change.

B) He fed everyone.

B) I was chopping ice with the guys at the mill.

A) About the fact that she woke up the summer wind.

B) About the fact that Filka is a bad person. B) About the fact that she is the smartest.

And in the evening.

B) She is broken forever.

B) In the summer, when it got warmer.

? A) Asked him for forgiveness

B) He brought him fresh bread and salt.

B) He fed him carrots.

Examination. Answers: 1A, 2B, 3B, 4A, 5B, 6A, 7A, 8B,

U.Look at the topic of today's lesson. What are we going to talk about today? Pay attention to each word that is key. (The main problem of the work is) We will talk about the main problem of the work and the genre of the work. Let's start with the genre.

What is the genre?

What kind of fairy tale is this work?

I conducted a little research work on this issue... (Student’s speech The author is a specific person - the writer The work exists in written form There is only one version of a fairy tale)

Let's move on to the next keyword. Let's talk about the main problem of the fairy tale. But first, let's define it. Before you give your answer, listen to the song carefully. (Song “The Road of Good”)

So what is the main problem of the fairy tale “Warm Bread” (The Kindness Problem)

Teacher: Let's, guys, remember the types of fairy tales (a fairy tale, a fairy tale about animals, a social fairy tale).

Teacher: What type of fairy tale “Warm Bread” is? (Social and everyday fairy tale)

Teacher: Okay. Types of fairy tales remembered. Since this is a social fairy tale, the main characters of such a fairy tale are people. The actions of which hero in this work reveal the problem of kindness? (Filka) It is which heroes help to reveal it more deeply. Compose on the board cluster(Filka, horse, grandmother, Pankrat, residents of Berezhki)

Where does the main action begin, where does the conflict start? (F. offended the horse) Continue

How does Filka do this? (The story of F. Pankrat’s visit and his further actions)

WORKING ON THE FAIRY TALE FINALE.

1. Expressive reading of a passage (4 people)

- - Guys, is it hard to ask for forgiveness, to forgive?

- Was it easy for Filka to do this?

Did the horse forgive Filka?

Leo Tolstoy has an expression: “To believe in good, you need to start doing it.” Warmth warms hearts, so Filka’s cold heart thawed. The main thing is that Filka understood that only goodness makes a person happy.

But for this, Filka had to go through a long and difficult path.

---- Has Filka changed?

!!! (Yes, he became kinder, more responsible, learned to worry about all the villagers, to live in peace with them).

In front of you are the prepared parts of the tables, which we will now need to fill out on the board. Attach your workpiece to the required column. (Fuck you - Filka, ignorant, evil, harmful,: love, sensitivity, kindness, cordiality, responsiveness, mercy, care, help, humanity, cruel,.. silent. Incredulous active,)

It’s so good that Filka realized what his rudeness had done and was ready to correct the evil he had committed. He had a difficult task ahead of him - to invent an escape from the cold, but the boy coped with it.

Filka found salvation, made peace with the horse, and the evil retreated. No matter how difficult the boy’s struggle with himself was, he correctly understood that the roots of evil always sit inside a person and guide his words and actions. I think the horse taught the boy a good lesson, and Filka will now be much kinder and more attentive to himself and others

So, guys, what won in the fairy tale: good or evil?

An evil deed must be corrected, but it is better to never do evil to anyone

You need to be kind and sympathetic.

: Do not cause harm or offense to others.

: Be responsible for your actions and words.

: Don’t be afraid to ask for forgiveness, forgive

a child's heart should not become cold,

We must do everything together

Do good deeds

We must be merciful and kind.

Popular wisdom has long warned us about the consequences of such actions. We have many proverbs that we could correlate with the actions of the heroes of this fairy tale. Choose those that you think relate to the topic of today's lesson.

What goes around comes around.

Time for business, time for fun.

Greeted by clothes, escorted by intelligence

Treat others as you would like them to treat you.

The ability to forgive is a characteristic of the strong. The weak never forgive.

6. There is nothing more courageous than conquering yourself

. Which sentence contains the main idea of ​​the fairy tale by K.G. Paustovsky “Warm Bread”?
.

Learning to truly be kind is difficult. The path to kindness is not easy, a long path on which a person faces ups and downs, ups and downs. Therefore, a person should stop more often and reflect on his committed actions. Every person, big and small, has their own path to Kindness. Filka walked his way to Kindness. He realized his own actions and corrected them himself. We see how Filka has changed. And he came to such actions himself, realizing everything he had done.

--In front of you are cards and colored pencils, give a color description of the characters. The song of Leopold the cat is playing

Yah you

Fill out the self-control cards.

Last name, first name

My answers

I put myself to work

The topic of the lesson is clear/not clear

Why is the fairy tale about Filka and the horse called “Warm Bread”? (Bread reconciled Filka and the horse).

Work on the lexical meaning of the word “warm”. Several lexical meanings of this word are written on the board (there are 7 in total).

Heated, giving or containing heat.

Frost-free, southern.

Well protects the body from the cold.

Has heating.

Characterized by inner warmth, warming the soul,

In what meaning is the word “warm” used in the title of the fairy tale?

CONCLUSION: Warm bread is not only the gift that the “corrected” Filka gives to the wounded horse, but also the bread that fed the entire village. This is a certain symbol of changed relationships between people.

There are many evil ones

In any human destiny.

And they will only say a kind word -

And your heart is lighter.

But such a kind word

Not everyone knows how to find

To cope with a friend's sadness,

You can overcome adversity along the way.

There is no kind word more valuable

The cherished word of that

But rarely, my friends, still

We say it out loud.

VI .Homework.

Miniature essay “What did K. G. Paustovsky’s fairy tale “Warm Bread” make me think about?

Solving the crossword puzzle

Questions

(Filka).

Why did the grandmother often reprimand Filka? (Unkindness).

What was Filka’s cry when he threw the bread far into the loose snow? (Malevolent)

(Cruelty)

(Fear)

(Advice)

(Help)

(Warm)

(Friendship)

(Kindness)

Questions

What was the name of the main character in the fairy tale “Warm Bread”?

What character trait predominated in the boy at the beginning of the fairy tale?

When the grandmother told Filka a story that happened 100 years ago, what did the boy feel?

What did Filka want to hear from the miller Pankrat when he came to him on a frosty night?

What did the boy receive from the villagers for his determination to admit his mistake?

How do you feel in your heart after doing a good deed?

What did Filka bring to the horse along with the warm bread?

What settled in Filka’s heart at the end of the fairy tale?

Last name, first name

My answers

I put myself to work

The topic of the lesson is clear/not clear

The lesson is useful/useless for me

I realized that__________________________________________________________

______________

Last name, first name

My answers

I put myself to work

The topic of the lesson is clear/not clear

The lesson is useful/useless for me

I realized that__________________________________________________________

_____

Last name, first name

My answers

I put myself to work

The topic of the lesson is clear/not clear

The lesson is useful/useless for me

I realized that__________________________________________________________

Last name, first name

Yah you

___________________________________________________________

Last name, first name

Color characteristics of heroes

Yah you

_________________________________________________________________

Last name, first name

Color characteristics of heroes

Yah you

_____________________________________________________________

Last name, first name

Color characteristics of heroes

Yah you

.

(Circle the number of the correct answer.)

______________________________________________________________

. Which sentence contains the main idea of ​​the fairy tale?

K.G. Paustovsky “Warm Bread”?

(Circle the number of the correct answer.)
1. A good person is one who does not know how to do evil.

2...A person becomes kind only among kind people.

3. An evil deed must be corrected - a good deed must be done.

4. An angry person harms himself first of all.

______________________________________________________________

. Which sentence contains the main idea of ​​the fairy tale?

K.G. Paustovsky “Warm Bread”?

(Circle the number of the correct answer.)
1. A good person is one who does not know how to do evil.

2...A person becomes kind only among kind people.

3. An evil deed must be corrected - a good deed must be done.

4. An angry person harms himself first of all.

______________________________________________________________

. Which sentence contains the main idea of ​​the fairy tale?

K.G. Paustovsky “Warm Bread”?

(Circle the number of the correct answer.)
1. A good person is one who does not know how to do evil.

2...A person becomes kind only among kind people.

3. An evil deed must be corrected - a good deed must be done.

4. An angry person harms himself first of all.

______________________________________________________________

. Which sentence contains the main idea of ​​the fairy tale?

K.G. Paustovsky “Warm Bread”?

(Circle the number of the correct answer.)
1. A good person is one who does not know how to do evil.

2...A person becomes kind only among kind people.

3. An evil deed must be corrected - a good deed must be done.

4. An angry person harms himself first of all.

______________________________________________________________harmful

Love

Sensitivity

kindness

cordiality

responsiveness

mercy

care

help

humanity

cruel

silent

Distrustful

Yah you

Filka

Ignorant

Wicked

What kind of fairy tale is this work? Prove.

Retell grandma's story

(A story about Filka’s visit to Pankrat and his further actions)

Types of fairy tales

Why did Filka decide to go to Grandfather Pankrat?

Did Filka change at the end of the fairy tale? How?

What does this work teach us?

View document contents
"application"

Questions

What was the name of the main character in the fairy tale “Warm Bread”?

Why did the grandmother often reprimand Filka? .

What was Filka’s cry when he threw the bread far into the loose snow?)

What character trait predominated in the boy at the beginning of the fairy tale?

When the grandmother told Filka a story that happened 100 years ago, what did the boy feel?

What did Filka want to hear from the miller Pankrat when he came to him on a frosty night?

What did the boy receive from the villagers for his determination to admit his mistake?

How do you feel in your heart after doing a good deed?

What did Filka bring to the horse along with the warm bread?

What settled in Filka’s heart at the end of the fairy tale?

Last name, first name

My answers

I put myself to work

The topic of the lesson is clear/not clear

The lesson is useful/useless for me

I realized that__________________________________________________________

Color characteristics of heroes

Yah you

___________________________________________________________

. Which sentence contains the main idea of ​​the fairy tale?

K.G. Paustovsky “Warm Bread”?

(Circle the number of the correct answer.)
1. A good person is one who does not know how to do evil.

2...A person becomes kind only among kind people.

3. An evil deed must be corrected - a good deed must be done.

4. An angry person harms himself first of all.

______________________________________________________________

harmful

Love

Sensitivity

kindness

cordiality

responsiveness

mercy care help humanity cruel silent

Distrustful Yah you

Filka

Ignorant Evil

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"abstract"

Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky

• 1) Why did the horse stay in the village?

A) He was wounded.

• B) Pankrat wanted it that way.
• B) The horse did not want to go further.

• 2) What was Filka’s nickname?

A) “I don’t know anything.”

• B) “Fuck you!”
• C) “You are all smart.”

• 3 ) What story did Grandma Filke tell? ?
• A) About how she once offended a soldier.
• B) About how a man from the village offended an old soldier.
• B) About how the war ended.

• 4) What happened when Filka threw bread into the snow for the horse?

A) A snowstorm has begun.

B) There was a flood.

B) There was an earthquake .

• 5) How did Filka atone for his guilt? A) He didn’t want to change.

B) He fed everyone.

B) Chopped ice with the guys at the mill .

• 6) What was the magpie talking about over the dam? A) About the fact that she woke up the summer wind.

B) About the fact that Filka is a bad person. B) About the fact that she is the smartest.

• 7) When did the mill start working? And in the evening.

B) She is broken forever.

B) In the summer, when it got warmer .

• 8) How Filka made peace with his horse ? A) He brought him some hay.

B) He brought him fresh bread and salt.

B) He fed him carrots .

Lesson topic

home problem works

problem …..

Lesson topic

home problem works

Lesson topic

home problem works Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky “Warm bread” - the problem…..

Lesson topic

home product problem Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky “Warm Bread” - problem kindness .

Kindness - responsiveness, spiritual disposition towards all living things, the desire to do good to others.

Ozhegov's Dictionary

Horse Boy

Residents of Berezhki

grandma

Pankrat

Filka

Sins of Filka. Continue the sentences

1) called names(horse) 2) hit 3) threw the bread 4) didn't share With

Sins of Filka.

1) called names(horse)

“devil”, “Christ-eater”;

2) hit

on the lips

3) threw the bread

in the snow, i.e. to the ground ;

4) didn't share

with the hungry and needy

• - Is it possible to change evil?
• - When did Filka realize that he was evil and cruel?

• - What do you think Filka was thinking about while listening to his grandmother?

• - How did the boy behave?

• Why did the evil man die?

• What happened to Filka after her grandmother’s story?

It is very easy to commit evil, but only a few can repent and atone for their guilt.

How does Filka do this?

"To believe in good , we need to start doing it.”

L.N. Tolstoy

Has Filka changed?

“Fuck you” “Filka”

Eternal struggle of good And evil .

What does K. G. Paustovsky’s fairy tale teach?

“ Warm bread”?

1. What goes around comes around.

2. Time for business, time for fun.

3 Greeted by clothes, escorted by intelligence

4 .

5

6 .

. What goes around comes around.

. Treat others as you would like them to treat you.

. The ability to forgive is a characteristic of the strong. The weak never forgive.

. There is nothing more courageous than conquering yourself

• A good person is one who does not know how to do evil .

• A person becomes kind only among kind people.

• An evil deed must be corrected - a good deed must be done.

• An angry person harms himself first of all.

You must be able to forgive mistakes, because everyone can make mistakes …

We must treat people kindly. And then life will become easier and more interesting. You have to do good, and if you make a mistake, you shouldn’t be afraid to repent and correct the mistake.

.

• Horse
• Yah you
• Filka
• Pankrat

Before you are cards and colored pencils, give color characteristics to the characters .

• Horse
• Yah you
• Filka
• Pankrat

Homework

1. Essay – miniature

« What did the fairy tale make me think about?

K. G. Paustovsky “Warm Bread” ».

2.Crossword

The magpie flew to the warm sea, woke up the summer wind, begged it to fly to the village and bring warmth...

Meaning of the word warm according to the dictionary :

A) giving or containing heat;

B) protecting the body from the cold (warm sweater);

C) retains heat well (warm room)

D) characterized by internal warmth,

warming the soul, affectionate, welcoming .

This literary fairy tale by K. G. Paustovsky, more like a true story, makes us think about love and cordiality, about indifference and its consequences, about the possibility of making amends for the harm caused, about mercy and forgiveness. One plot connects the present and the past, people and animals, guilt and redemption.

History of creation

In 1954, nine years after the end of the war, a children's writer told the children an amazing story about good and evil. The work was first published in the famous magazine “Murzilka”, and later, in 1973, a short cartoon of the same name was shot.

Story Analysis

Description of the story

The plot of the story takes place during wartime in a simple village. The life of the peasants is hard and difficult; there is not enough food. The old miller Pankrat, having sheltered a crippled horse, who by chance ended up in Berezhki, is unable to feed the poor fellow. The villagers treat the horse kindly and help to the best of their ability. Only the angry and aggressive Filka, indifferent to those around him and the concerns of others, hurt the horse. Callousness turned into a disaster for the village: severe cold set in, a harbinger of starvation.

Wanting to help cope with the general misfortune, the boy offers his way out of the critical situation.

Realizing that he was wrong, Filka does everything possible to compensate for his rash step, and in the end he makes peace with the horse, treating him to warm bread.

Main characters

Distrust, heartlessness, anger, unsociability, callousness and greed characterize the central character of the work - Filka, a teenager living with his grandmother. By refusing any proposals and requests from friends, he can often offend an old woman with his disdainful attitude. There is no kindness in his heart either towards people or animals.

The boy understands the cruelty and irreversibility of his prank only after talking with his grandmother, and, having comprehended what he has done, rushes to correct the situation. Having found the strength to admit her mistake, Filka appears before the reader from the other side: we see genuine hard work, sincere repentance, intelligence, and organizational skills. The teenager showed the villagers his positive qualities and made them believe him.

Melnik Pankrat

Another main character in the fairy tale “Warm Bread” is the mysterious miller Pankrat, who gave shelter to a wounded horse. The old man acquired patience and wisdom, responsiveness and prudence, practicality and foresight over the many years of his life. Knowing the true value of things, he does not deny Filka the opportunity to atone, realizing that every person has good sides.

In the exposition, the reader gets acquainted with the scene of action and the main characters. The plot of the story is the ugly step of a heartless boy, which brought about sad consequences.

Using a strict sequence of events, the writer allows us to trace the gradual revelation of the character of the hero, clearly showing the motivation for his behavior.

The denouement of the tale is the reconciliation of the boy and the horse, the repentance of one and the forgiveness of the other.

In simple words, Paustovsky speaks of spiritual generosity, compassion, and responsiveness. Good thoughts and actions respond well, but callousness inevitably turns into evil and troubles. The writer is confident that having realized a mistake in time and repented, every person has a chance to change the situation, make amends, and become more merciful.

There are many stories that talk about how to live correctly, what actions to avoid, what to truly value. Usually the author talks about these difficult truths in the form of an instructive story. Paustovsky is a recognized master of the short story. In his writings there is always a motive of high civic thoughts and loyalty to his duty. In addition, his works combine a lively story with a heartfelt description of nature. “Warm Bread” is a wonderful example of the writer’s artistic skill. We will talk about this work in this article.

A cautionary tale

During his life, Konstantin Paustovsky composed many outstanding works. “Warm Bread” is a story for children in which the author teaches little readers not to do bad things and never offend defenseless people and animals. This work is more like a fairy tale, even a parable, where the Christian commandments about warmth and love for one’s neighbor are conveyed to children in a simple and accessible form.

Title of the work

Konstantin Paustovsky gave a meaningful title to his story. “Warm bread” is a symbol of vitality and spiritual generosity. In Rus', peasants obtained bread through hard work, and therefore their attitude towards it was careful and reverent. And for many years, fresh baked goods have been the best delicacy on the table in every home. The aroma of bread in Paustovsky’s story has miraculous powers; it makes people kinder and cleaner.

Beginning of the work

Paustovsky begins his story with a short introduction. “Warm Bread” tells the story of how once, during the war, a combat cavalry detachment walked through the village of Berezhki. At this time, a shell exploded on the outskirts and wounded the black horse in the leg. The animal could not go further, and the old miller Pankrat took him in. He was an eternally gloomy man, but very quick to get to work, whom the local children secretly considered a sorcerer. The old man cured the horse and began to carry on it everything that was necessary for equipping the mill.

Further, Paustovsky’s story “Warm Bread” tells that the time described in the work was very difficult for ordinary people. Many did not have enough food, so Pankrat could not feed the horse alone. Then the animal began to walk around the yards and ask for food. They brought him stale bread, beet tops, even carrots, because they believed that the horse was “social” and suffered for a just cause.

Boy Filka

In his work, Konstantin Paustovsky described the changes that, under the influence of circumstances, occurred in the soul of a child. "Warm Bread" is a story about a boy named Filka. He lived with his grandmother in the village of Berezhki and was rude and distrustful. The hero responded to all reproaches with the same phrase: “Fuck you!” One day Filka was sitting at home alone and eating delicious bread sprinkled with salt. At this time, a horse came into the yard and asked for food. The boy hit the animal on the lips and threw the bread into the loose snow with the words: “You, Christ-loving people, won’t get enough!”

These evil words became a signal for the beginning of extraordinary events. A tear rolled down from the horse's eyes, he neighed offendedly, waved his tail, and at that moment a severe frost fell on the village. The snow that flew up immediately covered Filka's throat. He rushed into the house and locked the door behind him with his favorite saying: “Fuck you!” However, I listened to the noise outside the window and realized that the blizzard was whistling exactly like the tail of an angry horse beating its sides.

Bitter cold

Paustovsky describes amazing things in his story. “Warm Bread” talks about the bitter cold that fell to the ground after Filka’s rude words. The winter that year was warm, the water near the mill did not freeze, but then such frost struck that all the wells in Berezhki froze to the very bottom, and the river was covered with a thick crust of ice. Now all the people in the village faced inevitable death by starvation, because Pankrat could not grind flour at his mill.

Old legend

Next, Konstantin Paustovsky talks about the old legend. “Warm Bread,” through the mouth of Filka’s old grandmother, describes the events that happened in the village a hundred years ago. Then the crippled soldier knocked on the door of a wealthy peasant and asked for food. The sleepy and angry owner responded by throwing a piece of stale bread onto the floor and ordering the veteran to pick up the thrown “treat” himself. The soldier picked up the bread and saw that it was completely covered with green mold and could not be eaten. Then the offended man went out into the yard, whistled, and an icy cold fell on the ground, and the greedy man died “from a cold heart.”

Awareness of the act

Paustovsky came up with an instructive parable. “Warm Bread” describes the terrible turmoil that occurred in the soul of the frightened boy. He realized his mistake and asked his grandmother if he and the rest of the people had any hope of salvation. The old woman replied that everything would work out if the person who committed the evil repented. The boy realized that he needed to make peace with the offended horse, and at night, when his grandmother fell asleep, he ran to the miller.

The Path to Repentance

“Filka’s path was not easy,” writes Paustovsky. The writer talks about how the boy had to overcome severe cold, such that even the air seemed frozen and he had no strength to breathe. At the miller's house, Filka could no longer run and could only heavily roll over the snowdrifts. Sensing the boy, a wounded horse neighed in the barn. Filka got scared and sat down, but then Pankrat opened the door, saw the child, dragged him by the collar into the hut and sat him down by the stove. With tears, Filka told the miller everything. He called the boy a “senseless citizen” and ordered him to come up with a way out of this situation in an hour and a quarter.

Invented way

Next, Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky plunges his hero into deep thoughts. In the end, the boy decided in the morning to gather all the village children on the river and start cutting ice with them near the mill. Then water will flow, the ring can be turned, the device will warm up and begin to grind flour. So the village will again have both flour and water. The miller doubted that the guys would want to pay for Filka’s stupidity with their humps, but promised that he would talk to the local old people so that they too would go out on the ice.

Getting rid of the cold

K. G. Paustovsky paints a wonderful picture of joint work in his work (the stories of this author are particularly expressive). It tells how all the children and old people went out to the river and began to cut ice. Fires blazed around, axes clattered, and with everyone’s efforts people defeated the cold. True, the warm summer wind that suddenly blew from the south also helped. The chatty magpie, who heard the conversation between Filka and the miller and then flew away in an unknown direction, bowed to everyone and said that it was she who managed to save the village. She allegedly flew to the mountains, found a warm wind there, woke it up and brought it with her. However, no one except the crows understood the magpie, so its merits remained unknown to people.

Reconciliation with the horse

Paustovsky's story "Warm Bread" is a wonderful example of prose for children. In it, the writer talked about how the little rude man learned to do good deeds and watch his words. After water appeared on the river again, the mill ring turned and freshly ground flour flowed into the bags. From it the women kneaded a sweet, tight dough and baked fragrant bread from it. The smell from the rosy baked goods with cabbage leaves burnt to the bottom was such that even foxes crawled out of their holes in the hope of feasting on it. And the guilty Filka, together with the guys, came to Pankrat to make peace with the wounded horse. He was holding a loaf of fresh bread in his hands, and the tiny boy Nikolka was carrying behind him a large wooden container with salt. The horse at first backed away and did not want to accept the gift, but Filka cried so desperately that the animal had mercy and took the fragrant bread from the boy’s hands. When the wounded horse had eaten, he laid his head on Filka’s shoulder and closed his eyes from pleasure and satiety. Peace was restored and spring came to the village again.

Bread symbol

Paustovsky called “Warm Bread” one of his favorite compositions. The genre of the work can be defined as a parable about basic Christian values. The symbol of bread plays a key role in it. If black human ingratitude can be compared to the stale crust of moldy bread, then kindness and spiritual generosity can be compared to a sweet and fresh loaf. The boy who carelessly threw a cut piece of wood into the snow committed a very bad act. He not only offended the wounded horse, but also neglected the product created by hard work. For this Filka was punished. Only the threat of starvation helped him understand that even a stale piece of bread must be treated with respect.

Collective responsibility

Schoolchildren study the story “Warm Bread” (Paustovsky) in fifth grade. Analyzing this work, children often wonder why the whole village had to answer for the bad deed of one boy. The answer is contained in the story itself. The fact is that Filka suffered from extreme egocentrism and did not notice anyone around him. He was unkind to his grandmother and dismissive with his friends. And only the threat hanging over all the village residents helped the boy feel responsible for the fate of other people. When the guys came to the aid of the gloomy and distrustful Filka, they melted not only the river, but also his icy heart. Therefore, the summer wind blew over Berezhki even before the boy made peace with the horse.

The role of nature in the work

In the story “Warm Bread” (Paustovsky), the analysis of which is presented in this article, the powerful forces of nature play a large role. At the very beginning of the work it is said that the winter in the village was warm, the snow melted before reaching the ground, and the river near the mill did not freeze. The weather was warm in Berezhki until they fed and took pity on the wounded horse. However, Filka’s cruel words and his bad behavior aroused great anger in nature. A fierce cold immediately set in, shackling the river and depriving people of hope for food. The boy had to overcome first the cold in his soul, then the cold on the street, in order to atone for his guilt. And only when people all went out onto the ice together to save the village, a fresh summer breeze blew as a symbol of Filka’s spiritual rebirth.

The power of a word

K. G. Paustovsky was a real Christian. The writer's stories are permeated with kindness and love for people. In the work "Warm Bread" he showed how important it is to monitor not only your actions, but also your words. Filka’s cruel phrase, ringing in the air, made everything around freeze, because the boy, without realizing it, had committed a terrible evil. After all, it is precisely from human callousness and indifference that the most serious crimes arise, which could have been prevented with a different attitude. To apologize to the offended horse, Filka did not need words; he actually proved that he repented of his own actions. And the boy’s sincere tears finally atoned for his guilt - now he will never dare to be cruel and indifferent.

Real and fabulous

Paustovsky Konstantin Georgievich skillfully combined fairy-tale and real motifs in his creations. For example, in “Warm Bread” there are ordinary heroes: Pankrat, Filka, his grandmother, and the rest of the villagers. And invented ones: magpie, forces of nature. The events that occur in the work can also be divided into real and fabulous. For example, there is nothing unusual in the fact that Filka offended the horse, asked Pankrat about how to correct what he had done, broke ice on the river with the guys and made peace with the animal. But the magpie, which brings with it the summer wind, and the cold that befalls the village at the call of an angry horse, are clearly beyond the scope of ordinary life. All events in the work are organically intertwined, creating a single picture. Thanks to this, “Warm Bread” can be called both a fairy tale and an instructive story at the same time.

Old words

Paustovsky actively uses folklore motifs in his work. “Warm Bread,” the content of which is replete with ancient words and expressions, confirms this. The meaning of many archaisms is not familiar to modern children. For example, people who beg for alms were called Christians in Rus'. This word was never considered offensive; everyone gave to those in need as much as they could. However, in the story it takes on a negative connotation, because Filka offended the wounded horse, actually calling him a beggar.

Other archaisms are often used in the story: “kartuz”, “battleya”, “pozhukhli”, “nashkodil”, “treukh”, “yar”, “osokori” and others. They give the work a special flavor, bringing it closer to folk fairy tale motifs.

Sin and repentance

You need to be held accountable for bad deeds. Paustovsky talks about this in his story. “Warm Bread,” whose heroes managed to overcome the cold, testifies that they also coped with the cold that reigned in the soul of the little boy. At first, Filka was simply scared, but did not realize the depth of his guilt. The boy’s grandmother probably guessed what had happened, but did not scold him, but told him an instructive tale, because the child himself had to realize his mistake. Pankrat taught Filka another lesson - he forced him to independently come up with a way out of the current situation. Only through sincere repentance and hard work did the boy manage to win the forgiveness of higher powers. Good again defeated evil, and the thawed soul of the child warmed a crust of fresh bread with its warmth.

Conclusion

World literature knows many stories with a fascinating plot and an instructive ending. One of them was invented by Paustovsky (“Warm Bread”). Reviews of this work indicate that Konstantin Georgievich managed to touch the hearts of his little readers and convey to them important concepts about mercy, love for one's neighbor and responsibility. In an accessible form, the writer described the consequences that rash actions and offensive words can lead to. After all, the main character of the story did not want to harm anyone, but he made a serious mistake. At the very end of the story it is said that Filka is not an evil boy, and sincerely repents of his actions. And the ability to admit your mistakes and take responsibility for them is one of the most important human qualities.